CN213598082U

CN213598082U - Cylinder cover for four-air valve diesel engine and diesel engine

Info

Publication number: CN213598082U
Application number: CN202022644769.0U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 王雁冰; 丁立志; 王传娟; 高呈毓
Original assignee: China Shipbuilding Power Engineering Institute Co Ltd
Current assignee: China Shipbuilding Power Engineering Institute Co Ltd
Priority date: 2020-11-16
Filing date: 2020-11-16
Publication date: 2021-07-02
Anticipated expiration: 2030-11-16

Abstract

The utility model discloses a cylinder cap and diesel engine for four pneumatic valve diesel engine belongs to engine technical field. The utility model discloses a cylinder cap, including adopting vibration material disk integrated into one piece's cylinder cap body, the cylinder cap body includes shell, first bearing structure and second bearing structure, and first bearing structure and second bearing structure are a plurality of cavitys with the shell internal partitioning to form porous structure's cylinder cap body, reduced the material and alleviateed the cylinder cap dead weight, promoted the structural strength of cylinder cap simultaneously. By using the processing method of additive manufacturing, different materials are used in different areas of the cylinder cover, so that the reliability of the cylinder cover is improved, the coordination capability of the cylinder cover on thermal load and mechanical load is improved, and the service life of the cylinder cover is prolonged; and different materials can be integrated, the sealing degree is high, and the finished product rate is high. The utility model discloses a diesel engine through using above-mentioned cylinder cap, has alleviateed the dead weight of engine to engine design and manufacturing period have been shortened.

Description

Cylinder cover for four-air valve diesel engine and diesel engine

Technical Field

The utility model relates to the technical field of engines, especially, relate to a cylinder cap and diesel engine for four-valve diesel engine.

Background

The diesel engine has the advantages of large torque, good economic performance and wide application, and is always in a relative core position of the industry chain. In recent years, with the development of diesel engines with high power, high strengthening and low oil consumption, people tend to design four air valves per cylinder more and more. At present, the four-air valve technology is widely applied to a four-stroke high-speed diesel engine, a traditional two-stroke low-speed diesel engine generally adopts a central single exhaust valve form, and under the condition of normal scavenging, an area which is difficult to move by airflow is easily formed below the central single exhaust valve, so that combustion waste gas is difficult to remove and becomes a main source of residual waste gas. Therefore, in order to improve the scavenging efficiency, the low-speed diesel engine is an important development direction to change the single exhaust valve into the four-valve design.

The core difficulty of the design of the four-air valve diesel engine is that a cylinder cover is one of important parts used on the diesel engine, and the cylinder cover is used for sealing a cylinder, forming a combustion space together with a piston and bearing the action of high-temperature and high-pressure fuel gas. The structure of the pore channel in the cylinder cover of the four-gas valve diesel engine is more complex. The narrow cylinder cover is provided with parts such as a fuel injector, an indicator valve, an air inlet valve, an exhaust valve hole and the like, and is also provided with an exhaust passage and a complex cooling water cavity. Therefore, the cylinder cover of the four-gas valve diesel engine has extremely high requirements on casting cores, casting processes, modes and the like, and has great difficulty in production and quality control.

In addition, the working environment of the cylinder cover is severe, and the temperature of each part is not uniform. The bottom fire surface has high temperature, the cooling water jacket has low temperature, and the temperature of the air inlet channel and the exhaust channel are different. Therefore, the cylinder head is subjected to large mechanical and thermal stresses. In addition, the cylinder cover has a complex structure and large casting residual stress, and practice shows that most of the cylinder cover is damaged due to cracks.

The use condition of the cylinder cover determines the high performance requirement of the cylinder cover on materials, and the characteristics of uneven temperature and uneven stress enable the use of different materials in different areas to become the optimal selection of the cylinder cover, but the traditional technical condition cannot be realized at all. At present, when a cast steel cylinder cover is adopted for a reinforced four-stroke diesel engine with a complex structure, a welded structure formed by combining a cast steel piece and a forged steel piece is usually adopted, but the composite structure is expensive in cost and cannot be basically applied in practice at present.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

An object of the utility model is to provide a cylinder cap for four pneumatic valve diesel engine has increased the intensity of cylinder cap, extension cylinder cap life to realize the lightweight design of cylinder cap, reduced the cylinder cap processing rejection rate.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a diesel engine, which reduces the dead weight of the engine by using the cylinder head, and shortens the design and manufacturing period of the engine.

In order to realize the purpose, the following technical scheme is provided:

on the one hand, the cylinder cover for the four-valve diesel engine is provided, and comprises an integrally formed cylinder cover body manufactured by adopting additive manufacturing;

the cylinder cap body includes the shell, the inside a plurality of edges that are equipped with of shell the first bearing structure that the thickness direction interval set gradually of cylinder cap body set up, be equipped with second bearing structure between the first bearing structure, first bearing structure with set up perpendicularly between the second bearing structure, first bearing structure with second bearing structure will the internal partitioning of shell is a plurality of cavitys, the cavity along the thickness direction of cylinder cap body extends.

As the preferable scheme of the cylinder cover, the cylinder cover body is provided with a fire surface, and the heat-resistant temperature and the strength of the material selected for the fire surface are both higher than those of the material selected for the cylinder cover body.

As the preferable scheme of the cylinder cover, the material selected for the fire surface is nickel-based alloy, cobalt-based alloy or alloy steel.

As the preferred scheme of cylinder cap, be equipped with a plurality of bolt holes on the cylinder cap body, the intensity of the material that the bolt hole periphery was selected for use is greater than the material that the cylinder cap body was selected for use.

As the preferred scheme of cylinder cap, the material of selecting for use in bolt hole periphery is structural steel.

As the preferable scheme of the cylinder cover, the cylinder cover body is provided with an air passage, and the cross section areas of the cavity near the fire surface, the bolt hole and the periphery of the air passage are smaller than other areas.

As the preferable scheme of the cylinder cover, the cavity is in a circular or polygonal structure.

As a preferable mode of the cylinder head, the second support structure is a honeycomb structure.

As the preferable scheme of the cylinder cover, the wall thickness range of the cavity is 1mm-50 mm; the side length range of the cavity is 5mm-100 mm; the height of the cavity is 0.5-3 times of the side length of the cavity.

In another aspect, a diesel engine is provided, comprising a cylinder head as described above.

Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the utility model are that:

the utility model discloses a cylinder cap, including adopting vibration material disk integrated into one piece's cylinder cap body, the cylinder cap body includes shell, first bearing structure and second bearing structure, and first bearing structure and second bearing structure are a plurality of cavitys with the shell internal partitioning to form porous structure's cylinder cap body, reduced the material and alleviateed the cylinder cap dead weight, promoted the structural strength of cylinder cap simultaneously. By using the processing method of additive manufacturing, different materials are used in different areas of the cylinder cover, so that the reliability of the cylinder cover is improved, the coordination capability of the cylinder cover on thermal load and mechanical load is improved, and the service life of the cylinder cover is prolonged; and different materials can be integrated, the sealing degree is high, the design flow is simple, and the yield is high.

The utility model discloses a diesel engine through using above-mentioned cylinder cap, has alleviateed the dead weight of engine to engine design and manufacturing period have been shortened.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a cylinder head body at a viewing angle in an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a cylinder head body at another view angle in an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a longitudinal sectional view of the cylinder head body according to the embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 4 is a transverse sectional view of the cylinder head body in the embodiment of the present invention.

Reference numerals:

1. a cylinder head body; 11. a housing; 12. a first support structure; 13. a second support structure; 14. a cavity; 15. a hot surface; 16. bolt holes; 17. an airway.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. The components of embodiments of the present invention, as generally described and illustrated in the figures herein, may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.

Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, presented in the accompanying drawings, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by a person skilled in the art without creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

It should be noted that: like reference numbers and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, it need not be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. indicate the position or positional relationship based on the position or positional relationship shown in the drawings, or the position or positional relationship which is usually placed when the product of the present invention is used, and are only for convenience of description of the present invention and simplification of description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific position, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," "third," and the like are used solely to distinguish one from another and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless otherwise specified.

In the description of the present invention, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "disposed" and "connected" are to be interpreted broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; either mechanically or electrically. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.

In the present disclosure, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, the first feature "on" or "under" the second feature may comprise direct contact between the first and second features, or may comprise contact between the first and second features not directly. Also, the first feature being "on," "above" and "over" the second feature includes the first feature being directly on and obliquely above the second feature, or merely indicating that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature being "under," "below," and "beneath" a second feature includes the first feature being directly under and obliquely below the second feature, or simply meaning that the first feature is at a lesser elevation than the second feature.

Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are exemplary only for the purpose of explaining the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

As shown in fig. 1 to 4, the present embodiment provides a cylinder head for a four-valve diesel engine, which includes an integrally formed cylinder head body 1 manufactured by additive manufacturing; the cylinder cover body 1 comprises a shell 11, a plurality of first supporting structures 12 are arranged inside the shell 11 and are sequentially arranged along the thickness direction of the cylinder cover body 1 at intervals, a second supporting structure 13 is arranged between the first supporting structures 12, the first supporting structures 12 and the second supporting structures 13 are perpendicularly arranged, the first supporting structures 12 and the second supporting structures 13 divide the interior of the shell 11 into a plurality of cavities 14, and the cavities 14 extend along the thickness direction of the cylinder cover body 1. The problem that the complex flow channel of the cylinder cover body 1 is difficult to form is solved by adopting an additive manufacturing mode. Abandon traditional casting process, cylinder cap body 1 integrated into one piece, the rejection rate is low. Meanwhile, the method gets rid of the constraint of two-dimensional attributes in the traditional mode, directly faces to the design and production of a three-dimensional model, and greatly simplifies the design flow, thereby greatly shortening the construction period in the whole design and manufacturing stages. It is understood that the thickness direction of the cylinder head body 1 is the longitudinal direction, and the transverse direction is perpendicular to the longitudinal direction.

It should be noted that, the cylinder cover body 1 is integrally formed by additive manufacturing, and by using the manufacturing principle of additive manufacturing layered stacking, accurate control of material components can be realized, and different materials can be selected at different positions, so that the reliability of the cylinder cover body is improved, the coordination capability of the cylinder cover body on thermal load and mechanical load is increased, and the service life of the cylinder cover body 1 is prolonged. Specifically, the cylinder cover body 1 is provided with a fire surface 15, and the fire surface 15 is made of a material with a heat-resistant temperature and a strength higher than those of the material of the cylinder cover body 1. Optionally, the fire surface 15 is made of a nickel-based alloy, a cobalt-based alloy or an alloy steel, and has the advantage of high temperature resistance. Further, a plurality of bolt holes 16 are formed in the cylinder head body 1, and the strength of the material selected for the peripheries of the bolt holes 16 is larger than that of the material selected for the cylinder head body 1. Optionally, the material selected for the periphery of the bolt hole 16 is structural steel, which has the advantage of high strength.

It can be understood that the cylinder cover body 1 is made of a high-thermal-conductivity material, so that the overall thermal stress is reduced, and the service life of the cylinder cover is prolonged. The fire surface 15 is used as a component of the combustion chamber, and because the working peak temperature is high, the heat-resistant temperature and the strength of the selected material are both required to be higher than those of the selected material of the cylinder cover body 1, so that the thickness of the cylinder cover body 1 is ensured to be minimum when the cylinder cover body bears the mechanical stress caused by the explosion pressure, and the temperature difference between the cold surface and the hot surface is reduced, and the thermal fatigue crack is avoided. Meanwhile, the part of the cylinder cover provided with the bolt hole 16 is used as a load bearing area, the stress is large, and the strength of the selected material needs to be larger than that of the cylinder cover body 1.

Optionally, the cylinder head body 1 is provided with an air passage 17, and the cross-sectional areas of the cavity 14 near the fire surface 15, the bolt hole 16 and the periphery of the air passage 17 are smaller than those of the other areas. The cavity 14 is suitably reduced in size near the firing face 15 and around the bolt holes 16 and air passages 17 to increase structural strength, while the remaining areas allow for enlargement of the cavity 14 size for structural optimization purposes. The air passage 17 includes an intake passage 17 and an exhaust passage 17. It should be noted that, the cylinder head body 1 is further provided with an air inlet and an air outlet corresponding to the air inlet 17 and the air outlet 17, and a water cavity, and the like, and these structures all adopt conventional structures in the prior art, and are not described herein again.

Optionally, the cavity 14 is of circular or polygonal configuration. Preferably, the second support structure 13 is a honeycomb structure. The honeycomb design has excellent geometrical mechanical properties. When the structural strength is ensured, the regular hexagonal structure can realize the highest tightness and the simplest material, and can realize the lightweight design of the cylinder cover to the maximum extent. Further, the wall thickness of the cavity 14 ranges from 1mm to 50 mm; the side length range of the cavity 14 is 5mm-100 mm; the height of the cavity 14 is 0.5-3 times its side length.

Optionally, the shapes of the cavities 14 at different positions of the cylinder head body 1 may be the same or different, and may be selected according to specific requirements.

The embodiment also provides a diesel engine which comprises the cylinder cover. By applying the cylinder cover, the dead weight of the engine is reduced, and the design and manufacturing period of the engine is shortened.

It should be noted that the foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and the technical principles applied. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the particular embodiments described herein, but is capable of various obvious changes, rearrangements and substitutions as will now become apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention. Therefore, although the present invention has been described in greater detail with reference to the above embodiments, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and may include other equivalent embodiments without departing from the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A cylinder head for a four-valve diesel engine is characterized by comprising a cylinder head body (1) which is manufactured by material increase and is integrally formed;

cylinder cap body (1) includes shell (11), shell (11) inside is equipped with a plurality of edges first bearing structure (12) that the thickness direction of cylinder cap body (1) interval set gradually, be equipped with second bearing structure (13) between first bearing structure (12), first bearing structure (12) with set up perpendicularly between second bearing structure (13), first bearing structure (12) with second bearing structure (13) will the internal partitioning of shell (11) is a plurality of cavities (14), cavity (14) along the thickness direction of cylinder cap body (1) extends.

2. The cylinder cover according to claim 1, characterized in that the cylinder cover body (1) is provided with a fire surface (15), and the fire surface (15) is made of a material with a higher heat resistance temperature and a higher strength than the material of the cylinder cover body (1).

3. Cylinder head according to claim 2, characterized in that the material chosen for the spark surface (15) is a nickel-based alloy, a cobalt-based alloy or an alloy steel.

4. A cylinder head according to claim 2, characterized in that a plurality of bolt holes (16) are provided in the cylinder head body (1), and the material chosen for the periphery of the bolt holes (16) has a greater strength than the material chosen for the cylinder head body (1).

5. Cylinder head according to claim 4, characterized in that the material chosen for the bolt hole (16) periphery is structural steel.

6. A cylinder head according to claim 4, characterized in that an air duct (17) is provided in the cylinder head body (1), and the cross-sectional area of the cavity (14) in the vicinity of the flame surface (15) and around the bolt hole (16) and the air duct (17) is smaller than the remaining area.

7. Cylinder head according to any one of claims 1 to 6, in which the cavity (14) is of circular or polygonal configuration.

8. The cylinder head according to claim 7, characterized in that said second supporting structure (13) is a honeycomb structure.

9. The cylinder head according to claim 8, characterized in that the wall thickness of the cavity (14) ranges from 1mm to 50 mm; the side length range of the cavity (14) is 5mm-100 mm; the height of the cavity (14) is 0.5 to 3 times of the side length.

10. A diesel engine, characterized in that it comprises a cylinder head according to any one of claims 1 to 9.