CN213151008U - Antenna unit, radar antenna, transmitting and receiving antenna, sensor and equipment - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to an antenna unit, radar antenna, receiving and dispatching antenna, sensor and equipment, antenna unit includes the transmission line, the transmission line includes first line segment group and second line segment group, first line segment group includes the length more than one and is the line segment of half wavelength, second line segment group includes the length more than one and is the line segment of half wavelength, it is first, the line segment of second line segment group sets up in turn, the line segment of first line segment group is basically perpendicular with the line segment of adjacent second line segment group, two line segments end to end and basically on same straight line when each line segment of first line segment group moves the line segment of nearest first line segment group along the line segment of adjacent second line segment group, two line segments basically coincide when each line segment of second line segment group moves the line segment of nearest second line segment group along the line segment of adjacent first line segment group. The utility model discloses it has higher radiant efficiency and gain to compare general series feed antenna. And the antenna unit is in the form of a transmission line, and has a simple structure and easy design.

Description

Antenna unit, radar antenna, transmitting and receiving antenna, sensor and equipment

Technical Field

The utility model relates to an antenna, especially relate to an antenna element, radar antenna, receiving and dispatching antenna, sensor and equipment.

Background

In radar systems, the transmit-receive antenna is an important component thereof. Conventional antenna arrays achieve the same phase between antenna elements by controlling the equal lengths of the parallel feeds. With the frequency rising to the millimeter wave stage, the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave reaches the millimeter level, limited by the processing technology and materials, and the loss of the transmission line is not negligible, so that the antenna array with parallel feed faces the problems of large transmission loss, low gain and the like. Thus, series fed antenna arrays are the first choice for radar antennas.

At present, radar systems proposed by radar manufacturers and scientific research institutions at home and abroad mostly adopt a series-fed antenna form of a microstrip patch array, and the antenna type of the form realizes the same excitation phase by adjusting the distance between each antenna unit. However, as the frequency changes, the phase shift of each antenna element is different, the beam pointing direction is different, and the radiation pattern is distorted. Such an antenna is a form of narrow-band antenna, and high-resolution radar systems often require antennas with relatively large bandwidths. The conventional way to expand the bandwidth is mainly to use a parasitic element, which not only complicates the design of the antenna, but also increases the area occupied by the antenna on the PCB.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

Based on this, there is a need for an antenna unit, a radar antenna, a transmitting and receiving antenna, a sensor, and an apparatus having high radiation efficiency and gain.

An antenna unit comprises a transmission line, wherein the transmission line comprises a first line segment group and a second line segment group, the first line segment group comprises more than one line segment with the length of a first wavelength, the second line segment group comprises more than one line segment with the length of the first wavelength, the line segments of the first line segment group and the line segments of the second line segment group in the transmission line are alternately arranged, the line segments of the first line segment group are connected with the line segments of the adjacent second line segment group, the included angle between the line segments of the first line segment group is 90 +/-20 degrees, a first position relation is formed between the line segments of the first line segment group, a second position relation is formed between the line segments of the second line segment group, the first position relation is that the included angle between the two line segments of the first line segment group is not larger than the included angle between the two line segments when each line segment of the second line segment group moves to the line segment of the nearest first line segment group along the line segment of the adjacent second line segment group, and the second position relation is that the included angle between the two line segments of the second line segment group when each line 20 degrees.

In the antenna unit, the line segments of the first line segment group are equivalent to radiating pieces, and the line segments of the second line segment group are equivalent to feeder lines. When an electromagnetic field is transmitted on a transmission line, there is a phenomenon that the direction of current flow is reversed every time a first wavelength (i.e., 180 ° electrical length) passes. The currents on all the line segments of the first line segment group are in the same direction, and the radiation of the currents in a far field is mutually superposed to play a role of radiation; the currents on the line segments of the adjacent second line segment groups are opposite to each other, and the radiation in a far field is mutually offset, so that the transmission effect is realized. The antenna element has higher radiation efficiency and gain than a general series feed antenna. And the antenna unit is in the form of a transmission line, and has a simple structure and easy design.

In one embodiment, the transmission line is provided on a printed circuit board.

In one embodiment, the antenna unit further includes a reference ground layer, the transmission line is disposed on a first side of the printed circuit board, the reference ground layer is disposed on a second side of the printed circuit board, and the first side and the second side are opposite sides of the printed circuit board.

In one embodiment, the transmission line further comprises a feeding port, and the feeding port is positioned at the connection of the line segments of the first line segment group and the line segments of the second line segment group in the middle of the transmission line.

In one embodiment, the printed circuit board is provided with a metalized via, and the feed port is electrically connected to the reference ground layer through the metalized via.

In one embodiment, a differential feeding mode of feeding at two ends of the antenna is adopted; and/or the antenna unit further comprises at least one microstrip patch, and each microstrip patch is arranged between two adjacent line segments of the second line segment group.

In one embodiment, the first wavelength is half of a wavelength corresponding to a center operating frequency or half of a wavelength corresponding to a frequency at which the antenna transmits signals.

In one embodiment, the transmission line extends in a straight line as a whole, the line segments of the first line segment group are perpendicular to the line segments of the adjacent second line segment group, the first positional relationship is that the two line segments are connected end to end and on a straight line when each line segment of the first line segment group moves to the line segment of the nearest first line segment group along the line segment of the adjacent second line segment group, and the second positional relationship is that the two line segments are overlapped when each line segment of the second line segment group moves to the line segment of the nearest second line segment group along the line segment of the adjacent first line segment group; or the transmission line extends in a C shape or an S shape as a whole.

The antenna unit comprises a transmission line, wherein the transmission line comprises a first line segment group and a second line segment group, the first line segment group comprises more than one line segment, the second line segment group comprises more than one line segment, the line segments of the first line segment group and the line segments of the second line segment group in the transmission line are alternately arranged, the line segments of the first line segment group are connected with the line segments of the adjacent second line segment group, the currents on the line segments of the first line segment group are in the same direction, and the currents on the line segments of the adjacent second line segment group are opposite to each other.

An antenna unit comprises a plurality of radiation subunits, wherein each radiation subunit comprises a first sub-line segment, a second sub-line segment and a third sub-line segment which are sequentially connected end to end and have the same length, and the first sub-line segment and the third sub-line segment are positioned on the same side of the second sub-line segment and are perpendicular to the second sub-line segment;

the radiating subunits are sequentially connected end to form the integrally formed antenna unit.

In one embodiment, the antenna unit further includes a fourth sub-line segment, and adjacent radiation sub-units are sequentially connected end to end through the fourth sub-line segment;

an included angle between any one of the fourth sub-line segments and the sub-line segment connected with the fourth sub-line segment is greater than or equal to 70 degrees and less than or equal to 110 degrees, so that the integrally formed antenna unit can form a linear, "C" -shaped or "S" -shaped antenna structure, and flexibility of antenna arrangement layout is improved.

The fourth sub-line segment is connected with the first sub-line segment and the third sub-line segment which are positioned on different radiating sub-units, so that a radiating unit structure can be formed, and the fourth sub-line segment is used for radiating signals in the radiating unit structure, so that the performance of the whole radiating signals of the antenna unit can be further improved.

In one embodiment, the antenna unit is an antenna structure manufactured by using a transmission line process. Can be based on traditional transmission line structure, through making the transmission line buckle according to predetermined mode in the extension process and can form the antenna unit structure in the embodiment, and then reduce antenna unit's the manufacturing degree of difficulty and cost.

A radar antenna comprises at least two antenna units, wherein different antenna units are connected through a connecting part, each antenna unit is the antenna unit in any one of the embodiments, and the lengths of line segments of different transmission lines are different, so that the antenna units are used for transmitting radio-frequency signals of different frequency bands.

In one embodiment, the connection part is a line segment of any one transmission line of two connected antenna units.

A transceiving antenna for transmitting and/or receiving radio signals, comprising at least one antenna unit as defined in any of the preceding embodiments, or comprising at least one radar antenna as defined in any of the preceding embodiments.

In one embodiment, the transceiving antenna comprises at least two antenna units, and the antenna units are connected in parallel to form an antenna structure for transmitting and/or receiving radio signals; or at least two radar antennas, each of which is connected in parallel to form an antenna structure for transmitting and/or receiving radio signals.

A sensor, comprising: the transceiver antenna as claimed in any preceding embodiment; and a signal processing module; the signal processing module receives an echo signal through the transceiving antenna and performs signal processing on the echo signal to realize target detection and/or communication.

An apparatus, comprising: an apparatus body; and the sensor is arranged on the equipment body.

Drawings

For a better understanding of the description and/or illustration of embodiments and/or examples of the inventions disclosed herein, reference may be made to one or more of the drawings. The additional details or examples used to describe the figures should not be considered as limiting the scope of the disclosed invention, the presently described embodiments and/or examples, and any of the best modes of such presently understood invention.

Fig. 1 is a schematic top view angle view of an antenna unit in embodiment 1;

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the structure shown in FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a partial schematic view of a transmission line with a meander structure in one embodiment;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of an antenna element in example 2;

fig. 5 is a schematic top view angle view of the antenna unit in embodiment 3;

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the structure shown in FIG. 5;

FIG. 7 is a graph of the radiation gain of an antenna element as a function of frequency in one embodiment;

FIG. 8 is a graph of the radiation efficiency of an antenna element as a function of frequency in one embodiment;

FIG. 9 is a radiation pattern of an antenna according to an embodiment;

FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a dual-band antenna according to an embodiment;

FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of a dual-band antenna in an embodiment in which the transmission line has a meandering configuration;

fig. 12 is a schematic top view angle view of the antenna unit in embodiment 4;

fig. 13 is a schematic structural diagram of an apparatus provided in an embodiment of the present application.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.

Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used in the description of the invention herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "secured to" another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. When an element is referred to as being "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or intervening elements may also be present. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," and the like as used herein are for illustrative purposes only. When an element or layer is referred to as being "on," "adjacent to," "connected to," or "coupled to" other elements or layers, it can be directly on, adjacent to, connected or coupled to the other elements or layers or intervening elements or layers may be present. In contrast, when an element is referred to as being "directly on," "directly adjacent to," "directly connected to" or "directly coupled to" other elements or layers, there are no intervening elements or layers present. It will be understood that, although the terms first, second, third, etc. may be used to describe various elements, components, regions, layers and/or sections, these elements, components, regions, layers and/or sections should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element, component, region, layer or section from another element, component, region, layer or section. Thus, a first element, component, region, layer or section discussed below could be termed a second element, component, region, layer or section without departing from the teachings of the present invention.

When the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof. The singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

Fig. 1 is a schematic top view of an antenna unit according to embodiment 1, and fig. 2 is a sectional view of the structure shown in fig. 1. The main structure of the antenna unit is a curved transmission line 10. The transmission line 10 includes a first line segment group including one or more line segments 12 having a length of the first wavelength, and a second line segment group including one or more line segments 14 having a length of the first wavelength. The first wavelength is a half wavelength, i.e. half the wavelength corresponding to the central operating frequency (i.e. half the wavelength at which the radio frequency signal transmitted or received by the antenna unit at the central operating frequency is transmitted in the transmission line 10) or half the wavelength corresponding to the frequency of the signal transmitted by the antenna. In the embodiment shown in fig. 1, the line segments 12 of the first line segment group are the line segments of the transmission line 10 in the X-axis direction, and the line segments 14 of the second line segment group are the line segments of the transmission line 10 in the Y-axis direction. The line segments 12 of the first line segment group and the line segments 14 of the second line segment group are alternately arranged in the transmission line 10, the line segments 12 are perpendicular to the adjacent line segments 14, and when each line segment 12 moves to the nearest line segment 12 along the adjacent line segment 14, the two line segments 12 are connected end to end and are on the same straight line. When each line segment 14 moves along the adjacent line segment 12 to the nearest line segment 14, the two line segments 14 coincide.

In the antenna unit, each line segment 12 is equivalent to a radiation sheet, and each line segment 14 is equivalent to a feeder line. When the electromagnetic field is transmitted on the transmission line 10, there is a phenomenon that the direction of the current is reversed every time the first wavelength (i.e., 180 ° electrical length) is passed. The currents on each line segment 12 are in the same direction, and the radiation of the currents in a far field is mutually superposed to play a role of radiation; the currents on adjacent segments 14 are in opposite directions and the radiation in the far field cancels out each other, serving as a transmission. The antenna element has higher radiation efficiency and gain than a general series feed antenna. And the antenna unit is in the form of a transmission line, and has a simple structure and easy design. The beam shapes of the antenna elements have a good uniformity over a wide frequency band. The radiation gain of the antenna is relatively stable, and the antenna has a relatively wide gain bandwidth of 3dB (namely, the radiation gain of the antenna falls off by the bandwidth corresponding to 3dB along with the frequency). And the antenna has good cross polarization and side lobe performance.

The number of the line segments 12 (i.e., the number of the radiation sheets) of the first line segment group of the antenna unit may be adjusted according to the requirements of the actual application scenario, and the application is not further limited herein.

In the embodiment shown in fig. 1, the transmission line 10 extends in a straight line as a whole. In other embodiments, the transmission line may be bent entirely in the XY plane to reduce the area occupied by the antenna element. In some specific working scenarios, it is also possible to achieve a specific radiation pattern and to meet the usage scenario by bending the antenna element into a specific shape in the XY plane. The transmission line can be extended in a C shape or S shape after being bent. Fig. 3 is a partial schematic view of a transmission line with a bending structure in an embodiment, and arrows in fig. 3 indicate the direction of radio frequency signals (current) transmitted on the transmission line. With respect to the embodiment shown in fig. 1, the line segments of the first line segment group are substantially perpendicular to the line segments of the adjacent second line segment group due to the bending of the transmission line; in one embodiment, the line segments of the first line segment group form an angle of 90 ± 20 degrees with the line segments of the adjacent second line segment group; when each line segment of the first line segment group moves to the line segment of the nearest first line segment group along the line segment of the adjacent second line segment group, the two line segments are connected end to end and are basically on the same straight line, and when each line segment of the second line segment group moves to the line segment of the nearest second line segment group along the line segment of the adjacent first line segment group, the two line segments are basically overlapped (the included angle is not more than 20 degrees). In one embodiment, the line segments of the first line segment group and the line segments of the second line segment group are slightly curved segments due to the transmission line bending. In other embodiments, the line segments of the first line segment group and the line segments of the second line segment group can also be designed as slightly curved line segments for other considerations. In one embodiment, the included angle formed by the line segments (i.e., the included angle formed by the line segment of the first line segment group and the line segment of the adjacent second line segment group) is a rounded angle, i.e., the included angle is rounded.

In the embodiment shown in fig. 1 and 2, the transmission line 10 is provided on a Printed Circuit Board (PCB) 20. Further, the transmission line 10 may be implemented by etching an antenna shape on a single-layer high frequency PCB board. In the embodiment shown in fig. 1 and 2, the antenna unit further comprises a reference formation 30. The transmission line 10 is disposed on a first side of the printed circuit board 20, and the reference ground layer 30 is disposed on a second side of the printed circuit board 20, the first side and the second side being a front side and a back side of the printed circuit board, respectively.

Fig. 7 is a graph of radiation gain of an antenna element as a function of frequency in one embodiment, fig. 8 is a graph of radiation efficiency of an antenna element as a function of frequency in one embodiment, and fig. 9 is a radiation pattern of an antenna in one embodiment; in fig. 9, a curve 100 represents a radiation pattern (Gain-Elevation) in a pitching plane, and a curve 200 represents a pitch pattern (Gain-Azimuth) in an Azimuth plane. It can be seen from fig. 7 that the radiation gain and radiation efficiency of the antenna element are very stable over a considerable bandwidth. The radiation gain is basically maintained above 12dBi within the frequency band of 74GHz-82GHz, the fluctuation of the maximum gain within the frequency band is less than 1GHz, the frequency band of 76GHz-81GHz for radar work can be covered, and a margin is reserved outside the frequency band. The radiation pattern of the antenna unit substantially maintains the shape shown in fig. 9 in the 74-82GHz band, the maximum gain of the antenna unit is maintained in the direction of 0 degrees (i.e., the direction facing upward perpendicular to the printed circuit board), and therefore the radiation pattern shown in fig. 9 can be substantially maintained by the antenna unit in the 76GHz-81GHz band in which the radar operates, and the radiation characteristics of the antenna are very stable. Basically any frequency and any bandwidth of the operating band can be used during radar use, so that radar performance can be brought into an optimal state.

In one embodiment, sidelobes may be suppressed by adjusting the width of line segment 12 to vary the distribution of antenna amplitudes.

In one embodiment, the antenna unit further includes at least one microstrip patch, and each microstrip patch is disposed between two adjacent line segments of the second line segment group. Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of an antenna element in embodiment 2, which is based on the embodiment shown in fig. 1 and adds a parasitic microstrip patch 13 at the place where the transmission line is bent. In the embodiment shown in fig. 4, there is one and only one microstrip patch 13 between two adjacent line segments 14 of the second line segment set. In one embodiment, the spacing of the microstrip patch 13 from the adjacent line segments 14 and 12 is greater than the minimum processing precision range of the transmission line 10, or greater than the Critical Dimension (CD) of the processing technology of the transmission line 10. Since the microstrip patch 13 is located close to the line segments 12 and 14, a part of the energy is fed into the microstrip patch 13 by means of coupling, so that the microstrip patch 13 also participates in the radiation. In the process of antenna design, the power distribution ratio between each antenna unit in the antenna array can be adjusted by adjusting the distance between the microstrip patch 13 and the line segment 12 and/or the line segment 14, and adjusting the width of the microstrip patch 13 itself. Moreover, because the microstrip patch 13 obtains energy from the transmission line 10 in a coupling manner, the size of the microstrip patch 13 is slightly adjusted to enable the microstrip patch to resonate outside the resonant frequency band of the transmission line 10, so that an additional resonant point can be obtained, and the working bandwidth of the antenna unit is expanded. In one embodiment, the dimension of the microstrip patch 13 in the extension direction of the line segment 12 may be towards the first wavelength.

In one embodiment, the antenna element further comprises a feed port. Further, in an embodiment, a feeding manner of feeding from the middle of the antenna is adopted, and the feeding port may be located at a connection of a line segment of one first line segment group and a line segment of a second line segment group in the middle of the transmission line. Fig. 5 is a schematic top view of an antenna element according to example 3. The antenna element comprises a transmission line 10 and a feed port 40. The feed port 40 is located at the junction of one line segment 12 and the line segment 14 in the middle of the transmission line 10. The transmission line 10 includes a first line segment group including one or more line segments 12 having a length of the first wavelength, and a second line segment group including one or more line segments 14 having a length of the first wavelength. The first wavelength is a half wavelength, i.e. half the wavelength corresponding to the central operating frequency or half the wavelength corresponding to the frequency of the antenna transmission signal. In the embodiment shown in fig. 5, the line segments 12 of the first line segment group are the line segments of the transmission line 10 in the X-axis direction, and the line segments 14 of the second line segment group are the line segments of the transmission line 10 in the Y-axis direction. The line segments 12 of the first line segment group and the line segments 14 of the second line segment group are alternately arranged in the transmission line 10, the line segments 12 are perpendicular to the adjacent line segments 14, and when each line segment 12 moves to the nearest line segment 12 along the adjacent line segment 14, the two line segments 12 are connected end to end and are on the same straight line. When each line segment 14 moves along the adjacent line segment 12 to the nearest line segment 14, the two line segments 14 coincide. The feeding mode of the middle feeding has the advantages that the energy distribution obtained by the antenna unit along the X-axis direction is ensured to be bilaterally symmetrical and gradually attenuated at the middle highest two sides, and the amplitude distribution has natural advantages for suppressing side lobes.

Fig. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the structure shown in fig. 5. In the embodiment shown in fig. 5 and 6, the transmission line 10 is provided on a printed circuit board 20, and the antenna unit further comprises a reference ground layer 30. The printed circuit board 20 is provided with a metallized via 41, and the feeding port 40 is electrically connected to the reference ground layer 20 through the metallized via 41, i.e. the antenna is fed through the metallized via 41. In one embodiment, the Antenna element is in the form of a Package Antenna (AiP: Antenna in Package), and the Antenna element is located on the topmost layer of the Package (typically 4-12 layers), and may be wound on the bottom layer, and finally fed to the transmission line through a metalized via at the bottom of the feed point of the transmission line.

In one embodiment, the antenna element is fed differentially at two ends of the transmission line, that is, the antenna element may be fed differentially at two ends of the antenna. The benefit of differential feeding is that a perfectly symmetric radiation pattern along the X-axis can be achieved. In one embodiment, the feed port of the differential feed may also be connected to the reference ground layer through a metalized via.

In one embodiment, the antenna elements are millimeter wave antenna elements for transmitting/receiving millimeter wave signals.

In one embodiment, the antenna unit may be an antenna unit of a radar antenna. In other embodiments, the antenna unit may also be extended to fields such as wireless communication (e.g., 5G mobile communication), internet of things, human body security imaging, automobile assistance/automatic driving, collision avoidance detection, and the like.

Fig. 12 is a schematic top view of an antenna element according to example 4. The antenna unit comprises a plurality of radiation subunits 110, and each radiation subunit 110 comprises a first sub-line segment 111, a second sub-line segment 112 and a third sub-line segment 113 which are sequentially connected end to end and have equal length. The first sub-line segment 111 and the third sub-line segment are located on the same side of the second sub-line segment 112 and perpendicular to the second sub-line segment. Wherein, each radiating subunit 110 is connected end to end in sequence to form an integrally formed antenna unit.

In the embodiment shown in fig. 12, the antenna unit further includes a fourth sub-line segment 124, and adjacent radiation sub-units 110 are sequentially connected end to end by the fourth sub-line segment 124. An included angle between any one of the fourth sub-line segments 124 and the sub-line segment (e.g., the first sub-line segment 111 or the third sub-line segment 113) connected thereto is greater than or equal to 70 ° and less than or equal to 110 °, so that the integrally formed antenna unit can form a linear, "C" -shaped or "S" -shaped antenna structure, thereby improving flexibility of antenna arrangement. Since the first sub-line segment 111 and the third sub-line segment 113, which are connected to the fourth sub-line segment 124 and located in different radiating sub-units 110, can also form a radiating unit structure, and the fourth sub-line segment 124 is used for radiating signals in the radiating unit structure, the performance of overall signal radiation of the antenna unit can be further improved.

In one embodiment, the antenna unit is an antenna structure manufactured by using a transmission line process. Can be based on traditional transmission line structure, through making the transmission line buckle according to predetermined mode in the extension process and can form the antenna unit structure in the embodiment, and then reduce antenna unit's the manufacturing degree of difficulty and cost.

In one embodiment, the antenna may be a multiband antenna, that is, may include a plurality of antenna units as described in any of the foregoing embodiments, and different antenna units are used for transmitting radio frequency signals in different frequency bands. I.e. the length of the line segments of the transmission line of each antenna element is different, thus being used for the transmission of radio frequency signals of different frequency bands. Different antenna units are connected through a joint part. In one embodiment, the connection is a line segment of any one of the two connected antenna elements. In one embodiment, the two antenna units connected by the linking part are a first antenna unit and a second antenna unit, and the linking part is a line segment of a first line segment group of the first antenna unit or a line segment of a first line segment group of the second antenna unit.

Fig. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of a dual-band antenna in an embodiment, which includes a first antenna element, a second antenna element, and a connecting portion 160 connecting the first antenna element and the second antenna element, wherein the first antenna element includes a first transmission line 110, and the first antenna element includes a second transmission line 120. The arrows in fig. 10 indicate the direction in which radio frequency signals (current) are transmitted on the first transmission line 110 and the second transmission line 120.

The first transmission line 110 includes a first line segment group including one or more line segments 112 having a length of λ g/2 and a second line segment group including one or more line segments 114 having a length of λ g/2. λ g is the wavelength corresponding to the central operating frequency of the first antenna element or the frequency of the signal transmitted by the first antenna element. The line segments 112 of the first line segment group and the line segments 114 of the second line segment group are alternately arranged, the line segments 112 are perpendicular to the adjacent line segments 114, and when each line segment 112 moves to the nearest line segment 112 along the adjacent line segment 114, the two line segments 112 are connected end to end and are on the same straight line. When each line segment 114 moves along the adjacent line segment 112 to the nearest line segment 114, the two line segments 114 coincide.

The second transmission line 210 includes a first line segment group including more than one line segment 212 having a length of λ 'g/2 and a second line segment group including more than one line segment 214 having a length of λ' g/2. λ' g is the wavelength corresponding to the central operating frequency of the second antenna element or the frequency at which the second antenna element transmits signals. The line segments 212 of the first line segment group and the line segments 214 of the second line segment group are alternately arranged, the line segments 212 are perpendicular to the adjacent line segments 214, and when each line segment 212 moves to the nearest line segment 212 along the adjacent line segment 214, the two line segments 212 are connected end to end and are on the same straight line. When each line segment 214 moves along the adjacent line segment 212 to the nearest line segment 214, the two line segments 214 coincide.

The connecting portion 160 is a line segment of the first line segment group of the first antenna unit or a line segment of the first line segment group of the second antenna unit.

Fig. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of a dual-band antenna in an embodiment in which a transmission line has a bent structure, and the structure of the dual-band antenna is a bent structure of the structure shown in fig. 10, and therefore, the description thereof is omitted.

The application still provides another kind of antenna unit, including the transmission line, the transmission line includes first line segment group and second line segment group, first line segment group includes more than one line segment, second line segment group includes more than one line segment, the line segment of first line segment group and the line segment of second line segment group set up in turn in the transmission line, and the line segment of first line segment group is connected with the line segment of adjacent second line segment group, and the electric current syntropy on each line segment of first line segment group, the electric current on the line segment of adjacent second line segment group is reverse each other.

The present application accordingly provides a transceiving antenna comprising an antenna unit according to any of the preceding embodiments, said transceiving antenna being configured to transmit and/or receive radio signals.

In one embodiment, the transceiving antenna comprises at least two antenna elements; wherein the antenna elements are connected in parallel to form an antenna structure for transmitting and/or receiving radio signals.

The application correspondingly provides a sensor, which comprises the transceiving antenna of any one of the embodiments and a signal processing module; the signal processing module receives an echo signal through the transceiving antenna and performs signal processing on the echo signal to realize target detection and/or communication.

Fig. 13 is a schematic structural diagram of an apparatus according to an embodiment of the present application. As shown in fig. 13, the present application also provides a device 40 that may include a device body 401 and a sensor 402 disposed on the device body 401 (including but not limited to the sensor 402 being external to the device body 401, internal to the device body 401, or a portion of the sensor 402 being disposed internal to the device body 401 and a portion being external to the device body 401). The sensors 402 may perform functions such as object detection and communication by transmitting and receiving signals.

In an optional embodiment, the device body 401 may be an intelligent transportation device (such as an automobile, a bicycle, a motorcycle, a ship, a subway, a train, etc.), a security device (such as a camera), an intelligent wearable device (such as a bracelet, glasses, etc.), an intelligent home device (such as a television, an air conditioner, an intelligent lamp, etc.), various communication devices (such as a mobile phone, a tablet electric energy, etc.), etc., and a barrier, an intelligent traffic indicator, an intelligent sign, a traffic camera, various industrial manipulators (or robots), etc. The sensor 402 can be a sensor as set forth in any embodiment of the present invention, and the structure and the operation principle of the sensor 402 have been described in detail in the above embodiments, which are not repeated herein.

Based on the same concept, the present application further provides a radar system, which may include a processor and the antenna unit according to any of the foregoing embodiments. The processor transmits and receives radio frequency signals through the antenna unit to output communication data, driving assistance data, security check imaging data and/or human body vital sign parameter data. In one embodiment, the processor may be a radar chip or a radar die. In particular, when the processor is a radar die, the antenna unit may be integrated on top of the radar die, so that the overall size of the system may be reduced; alternatively, when the processor is a radar die, the antenna unit may be integrated in or on the package structure of the radar chip, also reducing the overall size of the system.

The technical features of the embodiments described above may be arbitrarily combined, and for the sake of brevity, all possible combinations of the technical features in the embodiments described above are not described, but should be considered as being within the scope of the present specification as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features.

The above-mentioned embodiments only represent some embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is specific and detailed, but not to be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, without departing from the spirit of the present invention, several variations and modifications can be made, which are within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be subject to the appended claims.

Claims (18)

1. An antenna unit is characterized by comprising a transmission line, wherein the transmission line comprises a first line segment group and a second line segment group, the first line segment group comprises more than one line segments with the length of a first wavelength, the second line segment group comprises more than one line segments with the length of the first wavelength, the line segments of the first line segment group and the line segments of the second line segment group in the transmission line are alternately arranged, the line segments of the first line segment group are connected with the line segments of the adjacent second line segment group, the included angle between the line segments of the first line segment group is 90 +/-20 degrees, a first position relation is formed between the line segments of the first line segment group, a second position relation is formed between the line segments of the second line segment group, the first position relation is that the two line segments are connected end to end when each line segment of the first line segment group moves to the nearest line segment of the first line segment group along the line segments of the adjacent second line segment group, and the second position relation is that the two line segments of the second line segment group move to the nearest line segment group along the line segments of the first line segment group along the adjacent The included angle of the line segments is not more than 20 degrees.

2. The antenna element of claim 1, wherein said transmission line is disposed on a printed circuit board.

3. The antenna unit of claim 2, further comprising a reference ground layer, wherein the transmission line is disposed on a first side of the printed circuit board, wherein the reference ground layer is disposed on a second side of the printed circuit board, and wherein the first and second sides are opposite sides of the printed circuit board.

4. The antenna element of claim 3, further comprising a feed port located at a junction of the line segments of one first set of line segments and the line segments of a second set of line segments intermediate the transmission lines.

5. The antenna element of claim 4, wherein said printed circuit board is provided with a metallized via, said feed port being electrically connected to said reference ground through said metallized via.

6. The antenna unit of claim 1, wherein a differential feeding mode of feeding at both ends of the antenna is adopted; and/or

The antenna unit further comprises at least one microstrip patch, and each microstrip patch is arranged between two adjacent line segments of the second line segment group.

7. The antenna unit of claim 1, wherein the first wavelength is half of a wavelength corresponding to a center operating frequency or half of a wavelength corresponding to a frequency of an antenna transmission signal.

8. The antenna unit according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the transmission line extends in a straight line as a whole, the line segments of the first line segment group are perpendicular to the line segments of the adjacent second line segment group, the first positional relationship is that each line segment of the first line segment group moves along the line segment of the adjacent second line segment group to the line segment of the nearest first line segment group with the two line segments end to end and on a straight line, and the second positional relationship is that each line segment of the second line segment group moves along the line segment of the adjacent first line segment group to the line segment of the nearest second line segment group with the two line segments overlapping; or

The transmission line extends in a C-shape or S-shape as a whole.

9. The antenna unit is characterized by comprising a transmission line, wherein the transmission line comprises a first line segment group and a second line segment group, the first line segment group comprises more than one line segment, the second line segment group comprises more than one line segment, the line segments of the first line segment group and the line segments of the second line segment group are alternately arranged in the transmission line, the line segments of the first line segment group are connected with the line segments of the adjacent second line segment group, the currents on the line segments of the first line segment group are in the same direction, and the currents on the line segments of the adjacent second line segment group are opposite to each other.

10. An antenna unit is characterized in that the antenna unit comprises a plurality of radiation subunits, each radiation subunit comprises a first sub-line segment, a second sub-line segment and a third sub-line segment which are sequentially connected end to end and have the same length, and the first sub-line segment and the third sub-line segment are positioned on the same side of the second sub-line segment and are perpendicular to the second sub-line segment;

the radiating subunits are sequentially connected end to form the integrally formed antenna unit.

11. The antenna unit of claim 10, further comprising a fourth sub-line segment, wherein adjacent radiating sub-units are sequentially connected end to end through the fourth sub-line segment;

wherein an included angle between any one fourth sub-line segment and the sub-line segment connected with the fourth sub-line segment is greater than or equal to 70 degrees and less than or equal to 110 degrees.

12. The antenna element according to claim 10 or 11, wherein the antenna element is an antenna structure prepared by a transmission line process.

13. A radar antenna comprising at least two antenna elements, different antenna elements being connected by a joint, each antenna element being an antenna element according to any one of claims 1 to 12, and the lengths of the wire sections of different antenna elements being different for transmission of radio frequency signals in different frequency bands.

14. The radar antenna of claim 13, wherein the splice is a line segment of any one of two connected antenna elements.

15. A transceiving antenna for transmitting and/or receiving radio signals, comprising at least one antenna unit according to any of claims 1 to 12, or comprising at least one radar antenna according to claim 13 or 14.

16. A transceiver antenna according to claim 15, comprising at least two of said antenna elements, each of said antenna elements being connected in parallel to form an antenna structure for transmitting and/or receiving radio signals; or

The antenna structure comprises at least two radar antennas, and the radar antennas are connected in parallel to form an antenna structure for transmitting and/or receiving radio signals.

17. A sensor, comprising:

the transceiver antenna of claim 15 or 16; and

a signal processing module;

the signal processing module receives an echo signal through the transceiving antenna and performs signal processing on the echo signal to realize target detection and/or communication.

18. An apparatus, comprising:

an apparatus body; and

the sensor of claim 17 disposed on the device body.

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