CN212366821U - Direct-current circuit breaker capable of automatically switching on and off impedance-variable transfer current - Google Patents
Direct-current circuit breaker capable of automatically switching on and off impedance-variable transfer current Download PDFInfo
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- CN212366821U CN212366821U CN202021203831.6U CN202021203831U CN212366821U CN 212366821 U CN212366821 U CN 212366821U CN 202021203831 U CN202021203831 U CN 202021203831U CN 212366821 U CN212366821 U CN 212366821U
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Abstract
The utility model relates to an automatic impedance-varying transfer current cut-off direct current breaker, including parallelly connected automatic impedance-varying cut-off circuit and current transfer branch road, the automatic impedance-varying cut-off circuit is established ties and is inserted direct current system, and when direct current system is normal, the loop resistance is 0, and when direct current system short circuit, the loop resistance is increased gradually from 0, and the loop breaks off after the resistance reaches a certain value; the current transfer branch comprises a rectification module and an auxiliary switch which are connected in series, and a discharge branch which is connected with the output end of the rectification module in parallel, when the direct current system is in short circuit, the auxiliary switch is closed, the resistance value of the automatic variable impedance on-off loop is gradually increased, so that the current in the direct current system is gradually transferred to the current transfer branch, the current is discharged through the discharge branch until the direct current of the direct current system is reduced to zero, and the loop of the direct current system is disconnected by disconnecting the automatic variable impedance on-off loop; therefore, the breaking capacity of the sleeve-type varistor switch is greatly improved, and the purpose of improving the breaking capacity of a high-current direct-current circuit is finally achieved.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a direct current breaker technical field especially relates to an automatic direct current breaker that impedance transformation transferred current cut-off.
Background
In the field of power transmission, the voltage source converter technology has the advantages that active power and reactive power can be independently controlled, filtering and reactive compensation equipment are not needed, power can be supplied to an island, voltage polarity is unchanged during tidal current overturning, and the like. The rapid development of the flexible direct-current high-voltage transmission technology based on the voltage source converter, the multi-end flexible direct-current transmission system and even further development form a direct-current power grid, an effective technical approach for solving long-distance large-capacity electric energy transmission, new energy power generation grid connection and large city power supply is formed, and the flexible direct-current high-voltage transmission system is widely concerned by people. However, because a smoothing reactor in VSC-HVDC is small, the direct current side contains large capacitance, and the short-circuit current rise rate of the system can reach 10 kA/ms. With the rapid rise of short-circuit current, the direct-current voltage drops to below 80% of rated voltage within a few ms, and the VSC is difficult to continue to work when the direct-current voltage drops to below 80% of the rated voltage. The development of the high-voltage direct-current circuit breaker has become a bottleneck for restricting the development of a direct-current power grid.
One of the difficulties in the development of large-capacity dc circuit breakers is that there is no natural zero-crossing of current in the dc power system, and a special method must be used to produce a current zero. On the other hand, because the direct current short-circuit current rises quickly and has a high peak value, the breaker has to complete a breaking task within a few ms, and the protection requirement of current limiting and breaking of the direct current power system can be met. The breaking process of the circuit breaker generally comprises a plurality of links such as fault detection, tripping of a logic judgment pen, mechanism opening (or triggering of a solid-state switch), overvoltage establishment, energy absorption and dissipation and the like. The direct current breaker must compress the full breaking time within a few ms, and complete a large amount of system energy storage absorption dissipation in a short time, and the development difficulty is very large.
The prior domestic and foreign patent publication technologies related to the contact type direct current circuit breaker and the direct current circuit breaker based on the electronic oscillation principle comprise: "a high-speed two break magnetic blow middling pressure heavy current direct current-limiting circuit breaker", application number: 200610104965.0, respectively; "a combined type high voltage direct current circuit breaker with self-power supply ability and self-power supply strategy thereof", application No.: 201710253301.9, respectively; "hybrid dc circuit breaker", application number: 201210498261.1, respectively;
the above patent application technology still cannot solve the problem of switching on and off the direct current of the high and low voltage system with the short-circuit current exceeding 10 kV-50 kV/250kA, so that a new solution for realizing the switching on and off technology of the direct current large current loop is urgently needed.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
An object of the utility model is to overcome the not enough of prior art existence, provide a can solve the direct current heavy current return circuit of large capacity and cut off, improve the disjunction ability, avoid causing the high-power direct current breaker device because of short-circuit current impact damage to each power equipment in the system of operation.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides an automatic impedance-varying current-transferring breaking direct current circuit breaker, which comprises an automatic impedance-varying breaking circuit and a current-transferring branch circuit connected in parallel, wherein,
the automatic variable impedance on-off circuit is connected in series with a direct current system, when the direct current system is normal, the resistance value of the circuit resistor is 0, when the direct current system is short-circuited, the resistance value of the circuit resistor is gradually increased from 0, and the circuit is off after the resistance value reaches a certain value;
the current transfer branch circuit comprises a rectification module and an auxiliary switch which are connected in series, and a discharge branch circuit which is connected with the output end of the rectification module in parallel; the rectifier module is a bridge circuit, short-circuit current is led to the energy storage branch circuit to be charged, the energy storage branch circuit is prevented from reversely charging the direct current loop, meanwhile, the directionality can be not considered in field wiring, and wiring operation is facilitated.
When the direct current system is in short circuit, the auxiliary switch is closed, the resistance value of the automatic variable impedance on-off loop is gradually increased, so that the current in the direct current system is gradually transferred to the current transfer branch circuit, the current is discharged through the discharge branch circuit until the direct current of the direct current system is reduced to zero, and the main loop of the direct current system is disconnected by disconnecting the automatic variable impedance on-off loop.
Preferably, the automatic variable impedance on-off loop is provided with a plurality of sleeve type variable resistance switches which are connected in parallel or in series according to the short-circuit current capacity condition of a power grid, and the purpose of shunting capacity is achieved in a series and/or parallel mode.
Preferably, the sleeve type varistor switch includes: static contact; the resistance value between the moving contact and the static contact is 0 when the power grid is normal; the transition unit can be used for connecting a resistor between the static contact and the moving contact when the power grid is in short circuit, the resistance value of the resistor is gradually increased from 0, and the static contact and the moving contact are disconnected after the resistance value of the resistor reaches a certain value; the transition unit is connected with a resistor between the static contact and the moving contact when the power grid fails, the resistance value of the resistor is gradually increased, short-circuit heavy current is consumed, and the static contact and the moving contact are disconnected after the resistance value of the resistor is increased to a certain value.
Preferably, the transition unit comprises an insulating rod, a resistance wire and an operating mechanism; the insulating rod is divided into an insulating section at the upper end and a resistor section at the lower end, wherein a thread-shaped groove wound on the insulating rod is formed in the side wall of the resistor section, a resistance wire is embedded in the groove, and the surface of the resistance wire is flush with the side wall of the insulating rod; the static contact is sleeved and fixed at the lower end of the insulating rod and is connected with the resistance wire on the insulating rod in an electric conduction manner; the movable contact can be sleeved on the insulating rod in an axially moving mode along the insulating rod, the movable contact is coaxially sleeved on a conductive sleeve on the insulating rod, a circle of contact ring which is coaxially sleeved on the insulating rod and can be in contact with the static contact below to conduct electricity is fixed at the lower end of the conductive sleeve, a circle of arc extinguishing ring which is coaxially sleeved on the insulating rod is manufactured in the contact ring, and a contact mechanism which can be in contact with a resistance wire on the insulating rod to conduct electricity is manufactured on the inner wall of the conductive sleeve; the operating mechanism is connected with the moving contact and used for driving the moving contact to move along the axial direction of the insulating rod.
Preferably, the bushing-type varistor switch further includes a relay protection device for detecting a short-circuit fault signal in the dc system loop and controlling the operation of the operating mechanism, the short-circuit fault signal is obtained through a current transformer sleeved in the primary circuit, when the relay protection device detects the short-circuit fault signal in the primary circuit, the operating mechanism of the bushing-type varistor switch in the automatic varistor circuit is started by the protection device, and the operating mechanism rapidly changes the resistance value of the varistor switch, thereby performing the starting process of the device.
Preferably, the discharge branch is a capacitor bank composed of a plurality of capacitors connected in series and/or in parallel and a resistance-capacitance component composed of resistors connected in series. Selection of capacitor bank: the rated voltage of the capacitor is required to be larger than the rated voltage value in the voltage loop, the selected capacity of the capacitor is determined by calculation according to the charging time constant, and the specific requirement is that before the sleeve type varistor switch is not disconnected, the charging process of the charging current to the capacitor bank is not finished, namely t1>t2，t1Charging time of capacitor bank, t2The on-off time of the sleeve type variable resistance switch; selection of resistance: according to the formula t, RC, a suitable resistance value is selected.
Preferably, the discharge branch comprises a voltage-limiting discharge branch and an energy storage branch connected with the voltage-limiting discharge branch in parallel.
Preferably, the voltage-limiting discharge branch comprises a voltage-limiting element and an electromagnet which are connected in series, and the energy storage branch comprises a capacitor bank formed by a plurality of capacitors which are connected in series and/or in parallel. The transferred current is stored through the energy storage branch, when the voltage at two ends of the energy storage branch exceeds a rated value, the voltage limiting element is conducted, and meanwhile, the capacitor bank in the energy storage branch is discharged through the electromagnet in the voltage limiting discharge branch, so that the capacitor bank can continuously absorb the transferred current, and the bridge stack in the rectifier module is protected from being broken down due to overvoltage. Selection of capacitor bank: the rated voltage of the capacitor is required to be larger than the rated voltage value in the voltage loop, the selected capacity of the capacitor is determined by calculation according to the charging time constant, and the specific requirement is that before the sleeve type varistor switch is not disconnected, the charging process of the charging current to the capacitor bank is not finished, namely t1>t2，t1Charging time of capacitor bank, t2The on-off time of the sleeve type varistor switch.
Preferably, the automatic variable impedance disconnection circuit further comprises an armature type electromagnet reactor connected in series with the sleeve type variable impedance switch. By utilizing the inductance characteristic of armature electromagnet, the induced electromotive force generated by the transient current amount of direct current short-circuit current
A large voltage drop Δ U is generated across this branch, so that this voltage value is conducted more rapidly to the current transfer branch.
Preferably, the energy storage branch of the current transfer branch is further connected in parallel with a discharge circuit for discharging the capacitor bank in the energy storage branch before reclosing of the automatic variable impedance open-close circuit, the discharge circuit is composed of a discharge load and a discharge switch, before reclosing of the automatic variable impedance open-close circuit, the discharge switch is turned on (the switch is in an open position in an ordinary state), the discharge circuit is turned on, energy is discharged to the load, and the voltage of the capacitor is rapidly reduced.
The utility model has the advantages that: when the direct current system is in short circuit, the resistance value of the automatic variable impedance on-off loop is gradually increased, so that the current in the direct current system is gradually transferred to the current transfer branch, the absolute value of the current flowing through the automatic variable impedance on-off loop of the main loop of the direct current system is reduced until the direct current of the direct current system is reduced to zero, the loop of the direct current system is disconnected by disconnecting the automatic variable impedance on-off loop, the breaking capacity of the sleeve type variable resistance switch is greatly improved, and the purpose of improving the on-off capacity of the large-current direct current circuit is finally achieved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is an equivalent circuit schematic diagram of the stroke position of the contact of the sleeve-type varistor switch according to the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the sleeve-type varistor switch of the present invention.
In the drawings: 1. automatic variable impedance open-close loop, 2, current transfer branch, 3, rectifier module, 4, auxiliary switch (FK), 5, discharge branch, 5-1, energy storage branch, 5-2, voltage limiting discharge branch, 7, discharge loop, 8, armature type electromagnet reactor (1DCT), 9, operating mechanism (CJ), 10, relay protection device (JB), 101, transition unit, 102, moving contact, 103, static contact, 104, resistance wire, 51, voltage limiting element (Zn0), 52, electromagnet (2DCT), 71, discharge switch (KK), 72, discharge load (FH).
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by a person of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
The difficulty of the on-off and arc extinction of the direct current circuit breaker is that the direct current has no zero crossing point, unlike the natural zero crossing point when the power frequency alternating current passes for every 0.02 second, so that the electric arc of the direct current is not easy to extinguish, which is a great problem for a direct current switch device.
As shown in FIG. 1, when a short circuit occurs in the main circuit of the DC system to cause a large short-circuit current, the resistance of the bushing-type rheostat switch in the automatic rheostat switch-off circuit 1 gradually increases to generate a voltage drop U1Preferably, the inductive electromotive force generated by the transient current amount of the direct short-circuit current due to the inductance characteristic of the armature electromagnet reactor (1DCT)8 is also used as IR
A large voltage drop Δ U is generated in this branch, which is then conducted to the current transfer branch 2, so that the short-circuit current in the main circuit of the dc system is fed via the rectifier module 3 to the capacitor bank in the discharge branch 5A shunting process of row charging.
The direct current short circuit current is shunted and guided to the current transfer branch 2, so that the absolute value of the current flowing in the automatic variable impedance on-off loop 1 of the main loop of the direct current system is reduced, namely, the short circuit current is transferred to the discharge branch 5, the breaking capacity of the sleeve-type varistor switch is greatly improved, and the breaking capacity of a high-current direct current circuit is finally improved.
As shown in fig. 3 and 4, when the power grid is normal, the moving contact 102 and the fixed contact 103 are completely switched on, and at this time, the circuit breaker is in a closed state, and the resistance is zero when the circuit breaker is closed. When a power grid is in a short circuit, a relay protection device (JB)10 detects a short-circuit fault signal in a direct current system loop, an auxiliary switch (FK)4 is controlled to be switched on, meanwhile, an operating mechanism (CJ)9 is controlled to drive a movable contact 102 to move upwards along an insulating rod to be separated from a fixed contact 103, when the movable contact 102 moves to the middle position of a resistance section on the insulating rod, the movable contact 102 is contacted with a resistance wire 104 on the insulating rod through a contact mechanism, one section of the resistance wire 104 is connected into a main circuit in series, the state is in a switching-off process at the moment, and the resistance value of an electrode is in a changing process from small to large in the.
When the operating mechanism (CJ)9 pulls the movable contact 102 upward to continue to move to the last turn position of the top end of the resistance wire 104, the resistance value of the resistance wire 104 connected in series is at the maximum value, the movable contact and the fixed contact 103 are continuously and upwardly and completely separated from each other, electric arc is generated when the contacts are separated, the arc extinguishing ring carries out arc extinguishing in a sliding and pressing mode, the movable contact 102 stops after moving to a set position, and an insulation interval is formed, and the position is called as the opening state of the circuit breaker.
The resistance wire 104 in the screw rod can be automatically connected in series into the main loop by pulling the sleeve type varistor switch, when the sleeve is pulled to the top end, the maximum resistance value R is in a device with 5000kV voltage level, the series resistance value is designed to be 0.066 omega/150 kA, when the short-circuit current is 150kA, the voltage drop value which can be formed on the varistor R is 3.3kV, and the high potential difference can lead the current to the loop of the rectifier module 3.
As shown in fig. 1, the discharge branch 5 includes a voltage-limiting discharge branch 5-2 and an energy storage branch 5-1 connected in parallel with the voltage-limiting discharge branch 5-2, the voltage-limiting discharge branch 5-2 includes a voltage-limiting element (Zn0)51 and an electromagnet (2DCT)52 connected in series, and the energy storage branch 5-1 includes a capacitor bank composed of a plurality of capacitors connected in series and/or in parallel.
When the capacitor bank C in the energy storage branch 5-1 is to be fully charged by the short-circuit current, because the voltage-limiting discharge branch 5-2 is also connected in parallel with the G, H end output by the rectifier module 3, at the moment, the voltage-limiting element (Zn0)51 and the zinc oxide voltage-sensitive element act to switch on the electromagnet (2DCT)52, the effect of discharging the energy storage capacitor bank is achieved, and the port voltage U is enabled to be UGHDrops rapidly so that the short-circuit current can continue to be directed towards the storage capacitor branch.
When the contact of the sleeve type rheostatic switch is separated, because of the voltage drop, when the voltage applied to the voltage-sensitive element is within the nominal value, the resistance value of the resistor is in an infinite state, thereby cutting off the voltage-limiting discharge loop 7, enabling the capacitor to be continuously charged until the capacitor is fully charged to the rated voltage Ue, then the short-circuit (working) current of the direct current system is cut off, after the auxiliary switch (FK)4 is pulled off by the auxiliary program, the discharge switch (KK)71 is closed by the program controller, and the capacitor bank C1-Ck is subjected to the discharge over-operation program by the discharge load FH.
The withstand voltage value of the capacitor bank is matched with the voltage grade in the accessed electric loop, and the design value of the capacity of the capacitor bank is the charging time t1The value is larger than the on-off time t of the sleeve type varistor switch2。
As shown in fig. 2, as a preferred embodiment, the discharging branch 5 is a capacitor bank composed of a plurality of capacitors connected in series and/or in parallel and a resistor-capacitor assembly composed of resistors connected in series, the transferred current is stored and released through the RC resistor-capacitor assembly, and the capacitor bank is selected as follows: the rated voltage of the capacitor bank is required to be larger than the rated voltage value in the voltage loop, the selected capacity of the capacitor bank is determined by calculation according to the charging time constant, and the specific requirement is that before the sleeve type varistor switch is not disconnected, the charging process of the capacitor bank by the charging current is not finished, namely t1>t2，t1Charging time of capacitor bank, t2When the sleeve type rheostatic switch is switched offA (c) is added; selection of resistance: according to the formula t, RC, a suitable resistance value is selected.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, after the capacitor bank is fully charged, the capacitor bank needs to be discharged, actually, in the design, the sleeve-type varistor switch needs to complete the operation of opening the capacitor bank within the time when the capacitor bank is fully charged, after the varistor switch is opened, the short-circuited dc loop current continues to charge the capacitor bank, when the capacitor bank is fully charged, the short-circuit current also stops at the same time, that is, the circuit is turned on or off, after the fault processing is completed, the capacitor bank needs to be discharged, and the operation sequence is as follows:
disconnecting an auxiliary switch (FK)4 on the rectifier module 3;
when the auxiliary switch KK of the discharge circuit 7 is turned on (the switch is in the open position in the normal state), the discharge circuit 7 of the capacitor bank is turned on, and energy is discharged to the discharge load (FH)72, thereby rapidly reducing the voltage of the capacitor bank.
Selection of capacitor bank: the rated voltage of the capacitor bank is required to be larger than the rated voltage value in the voltage loop, the selected capacity of the capacitor bank is calculated according to Q & ltIt & gt and t & ltRC & gt, and the charging time constant is determined through calculation. Taking the capacity of an electric appliance to be 200000 muf-20000000 muf; the specific requirement is that before the sleeve type varistor switch is not disconnected, the charging process of the charging current to the capacitor is not finished, namely t1>t2In the present embodiment, the capacitor model is selected as: CBB-6800 mu f/800V, which is preferably installed in a way that 10-1000 capacitors are connected in series and/or in parallel, and the manufacturer is as follows: anhui Saifu electronics, Inc.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides an automatic direct current breaker that impedance-varying transferred current cut-off which characterized in that: comprises an automatic variable impedance on-off loop and a current transfer branch which are connected in parallel, wherein,
the automatic variable impedance on-off circuit is connected in series with a direct current system, when the direct current system is normal, the resistance value of the circuit resistor is 0, when the direct current system is short-circuited, the resistance value of the circuit resistor is gradually increased from 0, and the circuit is off after the resistance value reaches a certain value;
the current transfer branch circuit comprises a rectification module and an auxiliary switch which are connected in series, and a discharge branch circuit which is connected with the output end of the rectification module in parallel;
when the direct current system is in short circuit, the auxiliary switch is closed, and simultaneously the resistance value of the automatic variable impedance on-off loop is gradually increased, so that the current in the direct current system is gradually transferred to the current transfer branch circuit, the direct current of the direct current system is reduced to zero through discharging of the discharging branch circuit, and the main loop of the direct current system is disconnected by disconnecting the automatic variable impedance on-off loop.
2. The automatic variable impedance transfer current switching dc circuit breaker of claim 1, wherein: the automatic variable-impedance on-off loop comprises a plurality of sleeve type variable-impedance switches which are connected in parallel and/or in series.
3. An automatic variable impedance transfer current switching dc circuit breaker according to claim 2, wherein: the bushing type varistor switch includes:
static contact;
the resistance value between the moving contact and the static contact is 0 when the power grid is normal;
and the transition unit can be used for connecting a resistor between the static contact and the moving contact when the power grid is in short circuit, the resistance value of the resistor is gradually increased from 0, and the static contact and the moving contact are disconnected after the resistance value of the resistor reaches a certain value.
4. A dc circuit breaker for automatic variable impedance transfer current switching as defined in claim 3, wherein: the transition unit comprises an insulating rod, a resistance wire and an operating mechanism;
the insulating rod is divided into an insulating section at the upper end and a resistor section at the lower end, wherein a thread-shaped groove wound on the insulating rod is formed in the side wall of the resistor section, a resistance wire is embedded in the groove, and the surface of the resistance wire is flush with the side wall of the insulating rod;
the static contact is sleeved and fixed at the lower end of the insulating rod and is connected with the resistance wire on the insulating rod in an electric conduction manner;
the movable contact can be sleeved on the insulating rod in an axially moving mode along the insulating rod, the movable contact is coaxially sleeved on a conductive sleeve on the insulating rod, a circle of contact ring which is coaxially sleeved on the insulating rod and can be in contact with the static contact below to conduct electricity is fixed at the lower end of the conductive sleeve, a circle of arc extinguishing ring which is coaxially sleeved on the insulating rod is manufactured in the contact ring, and a contact mechanism which can be in contact with a resistance wire on the insulating rod to conduct electricity is manufactured on the inner wall of the conductive sleeve;
the operating mechanism is connected with the moving contact and used for driving the moving contact to move along the axial direction of the insulating rod.
5. The automatic variable impedance transfer current switching dc circuit breaker of claim 4, wherein: the sleeve type variable resistance switch also comprises a relay protection device for detecting short-circuit fault signals in a direct current system loop and controlling the operation of the operating mechanism and the auxiliary switch.
6. An automatic variable impedance transfer current switching dc circuit breaker according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein: the discharge branch circuit is a capacitor group consisting of a plurality of capacitors connected in series and/or in parallel and a resistance-capacitance component consisting of resistors connected in series.
7. An automatic variable impedance transfer current switching dc circuit breaker according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein: the discharge branch comprises a voltage-limiting discharge branch and an energy storage branch connected with the voltage-limiting discharge branch in parallel.
8. The automatic variable impedance transfer current switching dc circuit breaker of claim 7, wherein: the voltage-limiting discharge branch comprises a voltage-limiting element and an electromagnet which are connected in series, and the energy storage branch comprises a capacitor bank consisting of a plurality of capacitors which are connected in series and/or in parallel.
9. An automatic variable impedance transfer current switching dc circuit breaker according to claim 2, 3, 4, 5 or 8 wherein: the automatic variable impedance on-off loop also comprises an armature type electromagnet reactor connected with the sleeve type variable impedance switch in series.
10. An automatic variable impedance transfer current switching dc circuit breaker according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 8 wherein: and the discharging branch of the current transfer branch is also connected with a discharging loop in parallel and used for discharging a capacitor bank in the discharging branch before the automatic impedance-varying breaking loop is reclosed.
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