CN212303896U - Base station MIMO antenna unit - Google Patents
Base station MIMO antenna unit Download PDFInfo
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- CN212303896U CN212303896U CN202021749649.0U CN202021749649U CN212303896U CN 212303896 U CN212303896 U CN 212303896U CN 202021749649 U CN202021749649 U CN 202021749649U CN 212303896 U CN212303896 U CN 212303896U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a basic station MIMO antenna element belongs to antenna technical field. The antenna unit comprises a radio frequency connector, and a loading layer, a radiation layer, a feed network layer and a metal ground layer which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom. The utility model has the characteristics of compact structure, it is simple, the electric size is little and dual polarization radiation function, can satisfy the harsh technical requirement of digital multi-beam antenna to the radiating element.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to antenna technical field, in particular to office basic station MIMO antenna element.
Background
The communication system is commercial, so that the design of the antenna is concerned by a plurality of students, wherein the number of four-port and eight-port antennas is large, the MIMO antenna terminal antenna with larger electrical size cannot be used in a beam forming base station antenna system, the application scene is a handheld terminal, an Internet of things terminal, and the four-port and eight-port technical characteristics are that the antenna has a symmetrical directional diagram with higher antenna port isolation, and the antenna cannot realize the electrical small-size design due to the complex feed network and larger occupied space.
At present, the MIMO antenna of the base station mainly has the following forms:
1. dual-polarized half-wave element antenna: the antenna in the form has a simple structure, a standing wave bandwidth of more than 60 percent and high port isolation, but the section is high, usually about 0.25 wavelength and 0.8 wavelength in electrical size, and cannot meet the requirement of 5G base station antenna beam forming on the electrical small size (0.5 wavelength) of an antenna unit;
2. in the dual-polarization microstrip antenna mode, in order to widen the standing wave bandwidth of an antenna unit, the bandwidth of the antenna is widened by adopting a slot-coupled electromagnetic structure based on the microstrip antenna mode, the standing wave bandwidth is about 20 percent, the port isolation degree is more than 25 percent, and the dual-polarization microstrip antenna is an air interlayer structure, has a higher profile and is not easy to realize active integration design;
3. the magnetic coupling dual-polarized element antenna adopts two L probes which are orthogonally arranged to excite two pairs of elements with pillars, and has the advantages of simple appearance structure, wide bandwidth, high port isolation and low profile, but cannot realize active circuit integrated design, has larger electrical size, and cannot meet the requirement of 5G base station antenna beam forming on the electrical small size (0.5 wavelength) of an antenna unit.
Although the individual index characteristics are better, the common defect of the above dual-polarized antenna units is that the technical requirements of miniaturized broadband operation cannot be met, and especially, the antenna units of the base station MIMO system which are broadband, ultra-low profile and capable of being actively integrated cannot meet all the technical index requirements.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
In view of the above, the present invention provides a base station MIMO antenna unit, which has a small size, a wide bandwidth, a compact structure, and can be used as a dual-polarization MIMO array antenna array radiating element.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the utility model adopts the following technical scheme:
a base station MIMO antenna unit comprises a loading layer, a radiation layer, a feed network layer and a metal stratum which are arranged from top to bottom in sequence; the main body of the loading layer is a microwave dielectric plate, metal loading units which are arranged in a rectangular array are arranged on the upper surface of the microwave dielectric plate, and the metal loading units are of a square annular structure;
the main body of the radiation layer is a second dielectric plate, and four oscillator structures which are arranged in a circumferential array are arranged on the upper surface of the second dielectric plate; each oscillator structure comprises a feed end of a rectangular structure and a radiation end of an isosceles trapezoid structure, the feed end is located at the center of the upper surface of the second dielectric slab, the radiation end is located at the edge of the upper surface of the second dielectric slab, and one long edge of the rectangular structure is overlapped with the upper bottom edge of the isosceles trapezoid; each feed end is provided with a feed through hole;
the main body of the feed network layer is a third dielectric plate, two microstrip feeder lines are arranged on the upper surface and the lower surface of the third dielectric plate, one of the microstrip feeder lines is a short microstrip feeder line, the other microstrip feeder line is a long microstrip feeder line, and the two microstrip feeder lines on the same surface of the third dielectric plate are mutually vertical; the short microstrip feeder line on the upper surface and the long microstrip feeder line on the lower surface are positioned on the connection line projection of the feed through holes of the two opposite feed ends, and the short microstrip feeder line on the lower surface and the long microstrip feeder line on the upper surface are positioned on the connection line projection of the feed through holes of the other two opposite feed ends; the outer ends of two microstrip feeder lines on the upper surface of the third dielectric plate are respectively connected with feed through holes of two adjacent feed ends, and the inner ends of the two microstrip feeder lines are respectively connected with the inner conductors of the corresponding radio frequency connectors; the outer ends of two microstrip feeder lines on the lower surface of the third dielectric plate are respectively connected with feed through holes of the other two adjacent feed ends, and the inner ends of the two microstrip feeder lines are connected with the outer conductor of the corresponding radio frequency connector through the corresponding through holes;
the main body of the metal stratum is a fourth dielectric plate, metal copper clad is arranged on the lower surface of the fourth dielectric plate, and the outer conductors of the radio frequency connectors are all welded on the metal copper clad; the via hole is connected with the metal copper-clad and the two microstrip feeder lines on the lower surface of the third dielectric plate.
The utility model adopts the beneficial effect that above-mentioned technical scheme produced lies in:
1. the utility model has the characteristics of compact and simple structure and small electric size; by means of the metal loading unit, the impedance bandwidth of the antenna element unit is widened on the premise that the height of the antenna is not increased.
2. The utility model discloses a via hole, band wire feed mode have realized the orthogonal excitation of bipolarization, and the feed mode of its layering feed has improved the isolation of bipolarization port, realizes efficient dual polarization radiation.
3. The utility model discloses an adopted microwave dielectric plate can suitably reduce the electric size of antenna, can satisfy digital multi-beam antenna to radiating element's harsh technical requirement like this.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of the upper surface of the microwave dielectric plate in fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of the upper surface of the second dielectric plate in fig. 1.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of the upper surface of the third dielectric plate in fig. 1.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of a lower surface of the third dielectric plate in fig. 1.
In the figure: 1. the antenna comprises a loading layer, 2, a radiation layer, 3, a feed network layer, 4, a metal stratum, 5, a metal loading unit, 6, a microwave dielectric plate, 7, a feed through hole, 8, a vibrator, 9, a second dielectric plate, 10 an inner conductor of a first radio frequency connector, 11, an inner conductor of a second radio frequency connector, 12 and a through hole.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
A base station MIMO antenna unit comprises a loading layer 1, a radiation layer 2, a feed network layer 3 and a metal stratum 4 which are arranged from top to bottom in sequence; the main body of the loading layer is a microwave dielectric plate 6, the upper surface of the microwave dielectric plate is provided with metal loading units 5 which are arranged in a rectangular array, and the metal loading units are of a square annular structure;
the main body of the radiation layer is a second dielectric plate, and four oscillator structures which are arranged in a circumferential array are arranged on the upper surface of the second dielectric plate 9; each oscillator 8 structure comprises a feed end with a rectangular structure and a radiation end with an isosceles trapezoid structure, the feed end is located at the center of the upper surface of the second dielectric slab, the radiation end is located at the edge of the upper surface of the second dielectric slab, and one long edge of the rectangular structure is overlapped with the upper bottom edge of the isosceles trapezoid; each feed end is provided with a feed through hole 7;
the main body of the feed network layer is a third dielectric plate, two microstrip feeder lines are arranged on the upper surface and the lower surface of the third dielectric plate, one of the microstrip feeder lines is a short microstrip feeder line, the other microstrip feeder line is a long microstrip feeder line, and the two microstrip feeder lines on the same surface of the third dielectric plate are mutually vertical; the short microstrip feeder line on the upper surface and the long microstrip feeder line on the lower surface are positioned on the connection line projection of the feed through holes of the two opposite feed ends, and the short microstrip feeder line on the lower surface and the long microstrip feeder line on the upper surface are positioned on the connection line projection of the feed through holes of the other two opposite feed ends; the outer ends of two microstrip feeder lines on the upper surface of the third dielectric plate are respectively connected with feed through holes of two adjacent feed ends, and the inner ends of the two microstrip feeder lines are respectively connected with the inner conductors of the corresponding radio frequency connectors; the outer ends of two microstrip feeder lines on the lower surface of the third dielectric plate are respectively connected with the feed through holes of the other two adjacent feed ends, and the inner ends of the two microstrip feeder lines are connected with the outer conductor of the corresponding radio frequency connector through the corresponding through holes 12;
the main body of the metal stratum is a fourth dielectric plate, metal copper clad is arranged on the lower surface of the fourth dielectric plate, and the outer conductors of the radio frequency connectors are all welded on the metal copper clad; the via hole is connected with the metal copper-clad and the two microstrip feeder lines on the lower surface of the third dielectric plate.
The following is a more specific example:
as shown in fig. 1 to 5, the present embodiment includes a loading layer 1, a radiation layer 2, a feed network layer 3, a metal ground layer 4, and a radio frequency connector, where the loading layer 1, the radiation layer 2, and the feed network layer 3 adopt a multilayer printed board processing technology, and close attachment of each part between layers is achieved by means of a prepreg material combined with a microwave dielectric multilayer board processing technology, so as to achieve an integrated structure design, the whole antenna is a square solid structure, an outer conductor of the radio frequency connector is welded on the lower surface of the metal ground layer 4 and is copper-coated, and mechanically positioned so as to be reliably and fixedly connected with a radiator of the antenna, and the radio frequency connector completes reception and transmission of microwave signals.
The loading layer 1 is positioned at the uppermost layer of the antenna body, the loading layer is made of a microwave dielectric plate material, and the upper surface of the loading layer is provided with a metal loading unit array; the lower surface is not coated with copper and is tightly attached to the upper surface of the radiation layer 2. The metal loading unit is in a square annular structure and has the function of greatly reducing the distance between the radiation unit and the metal floor, so that the section height of the antenna is reduced.
The outer side length of the square annular metal loading unit is 0.045 lambda0The length of the inner ring side is 0.04 lambda0Wherein λ is0The working center frequency of the antenna corresponds to the wavelength.
Furthermore, the square annular metal loading units are arranged at regular equal intervals, the array form is 7 multiplied by 7, and the array interval is 0.053 lambda0。
Further, the center position of the square annular metal loading unit array is coincident with the geometric center of the upper surface of the loading layer 1.
A radiation layer 2 is arranged below the loading layer 1 and above itThe surface is provided with four hexagonal oscillator structures, the feed end is in a copper-clad structure of a rectangular area, the radiation end is in a copper-clad area structure of an isosceles trapezoid, and the length L of the bottom side of the isosceles trapezoid is1＝0.29λ0Height is L2＝0.13λ0The bottom side of the isosceles trapezoid is parallel to any one side of the square radiation layer, the bottom side points to the geometric center point of the radiation layer 2 corresponding to the vertex direction, the four hexagonal oscillators are sequentially arranged by rotating 90 degrees around the geometric center point of the radiation layer 2, and the line width L of the rectangular section is4＝0.03λ0Each rectangular area is provided with a feed via hole, and the distance L between opposite via holes3＝0.06λ0Two opposite hexagonal oscillators form a polarized half-wave oscillator; in a similar way, the other polarized half-wave oscillator is symmetrical with the other polarized half-wave oscillator in a 90-degree rotation manner, and the two oscillators form a dual-polarized radiation oscillator structure.
The size data is a reference value, related parameters can be properly adjusted according to the performance of the antenna, the constraint condition is that the four oscillators cannot intersect, and sufficient feeding space is ensured.
And a feed through hole is formed in the copper-coated section of the rectangular area of each hexagonal oscillator, and the four feed through holes are a first feed through hole, a second feed through hole, a third feed through hole and a fourth feed through hole in sequence, are connected between the hexagonal oscillator and the microstrip lines on the upper surface and the lower surface of the feed network layer 3 and conduct signals between the hexagonal oscillator and the microstrip lines on the upper surface and the lower surface of the feed network layer.
The feed network layer 3 is positioned on the lower surface of the radiation layer 2, the upper surface and the lower surface of the feed network layer are respectively provided with two microstrip feed lines, the two microstrip feed lines on the upper surface are a long microstrip feed line and a short microstrip feed line, one end of each of the two microstrip feed lines is respectively connected with the adjacent feed through hole, and the two feed through holes are communicated with the corresponding hexagonal oscillator on the upper surface of the radiation layer 2 through the microstrip feed through hole and the corresponding microstrip feed line. One end of the short microstrip feeder is connected to the inner conductor of the first radio frequency connector; the corresponding microstrip feeder line is a long microstrip feeder line with a lower surface, one end of the microstrip feeder line is fed on the feed through hole, the other end of the microstrip feeder line is fed on the through hole, the through hole is coaxial and concentric with the inner conductor 10 of the first radio frequency connector, and a signal between the microstrip feeder line and the lower surface metal ground of the metal ground layer 3 is conducted, so that the common ground design is realized.
Further, the outer conductor of the radio frequency connector is fed and connected on the lower surface of the metal ground layer 4 by the metal copper;
in this way, the radio frequency connector realizes an electromagnetic excitation arrangement for a polarized half-wave vibrator 5.
The long microstrip feeder on the upper surface is arranged in the same way as the above, one end of the long microstrip feeder is connected to the feed through hole in a feed mode, the hexagonal oscillator is conducted, and the other end of the long microstrip feeder is connected to the inner conductor of the second radio frequency connector in a feed mode; the corresponding microstrip feeder line is a short feeder line of the lower surface, the short feeder line is arranged on the lower surface of the feed network layer 3, one end of the short feeder line is connected to the feed through hole in a feed mode, the polygonal radiation oscillator is conducted, the other end of the short feeder line is connected to the through hole in a feed mode, the through hole is coaxial and concentric with the inner conductor 11 of the second radio frequency connector assembly, signals between the microstrip feeder line and the lower surface metal ground of the metal ground layer are conducted, and common ground design is achieved.
Furthermore, the feeding position of the second radio frequency connector is arranged at the position between the projection connecting lines of the corresponding feeding through hole on the feeding network layer and deviates from the geometric center point of the feeding network layer 3.
Furthermore, the diameter of the via hole is larger than that of the inner conductor of the radio frequency connector, so that the via hole is not contacted with the inner conductor of the radio frequency connector and is connected with the micro-strip feeder and the metal ground signal.
Therefore, two long microstrip feed lines are prevented from being respectively arranged on the upper surface and the lower surface of the feed network layer 3 and not crossed with each other, and orthogonal dual-polarization feed is realized.
Thus, the radio frequency connector realizes the electromagnetic excitation setting of the orthogonal polarization half-wave oscillator.
The MIMO antenna unit device mainly comprises two parts, namely a microwave medium and a radio frequency connector, wherein the microwave medium layer adopts a multilayer board processing technology, the inside of the medium is provided with a plurality of layers of media and metallized through holes, the structure is compact, the outline is low, the technical requirements of a 5G base station system on the structure and the electrical property of an antenna part are met, and the technical advantage is obvious.
The working principle of the MIMO antenna unit is as follows: when a transmitting signal enters a radio frequency connector, a positive voltage and a negative voltage are excited on a microstrip feeder line, antinode induction current is generated on a polarized half-wave oscillator through a through hole, the surface impedance of the current distribution realizes impedance transformation through a medium loading layer structure under corresponding frequency, the purpose of matching with space impedance is achieved, the signal is radiated to a free space, and compared with an air loading layer structure of a traditional microstrip antenna structure, the low-profile design of the antenna is realized; the other polarization half-wave is excited in the same way.
It should be understood that the above description of the embodiments of the present patent is only an exemplary description for facilitating the understanding of the patent scheme by the person skilled in the art, and does not imply that the scope of protection of the patent is only limited to these examples, and that the person skilled in the art can obtain more embodiments by combining technical features, replacing some technical features, adding more technical features, and the like to the various embodiments listed in the patent without any inventive effort on the premise of fully understanding the patent scheme, and therefore, the new embodiments are also within the scope of protection of the patent.
Claims (1)
1. A base station MIMO antenna unit is characterized by comprising a loading layer (1), a radiation layer (2), a feed network layer (3) and a metal stratum (4) which are arranged from top to bottom in sequence; the main body of the loading layer is a microwave dielectric plate (6), metal loading units (5) which are arranged in a rectangular array are arranged on the upper surface of the microwave dielectric plate, and the metal loading units are of square annular structures;
the main body of the radiation layer is a second dielectric plate, and four oscillator structures which are arranged in a circumferential array are arranged on the upper surface of the second dielectric plate (9); each oscillator (8) structure comprises a feed end of a rectangular structure and a radiation end of an isosceles trapezoid structure, the feed end is located at the center of the upper surface of the second dielectric slab, the radiation end is located at the edge of the upper surface of the second dielectric slab, and one long edge of the rectangular structure is overlapped with the upper bottom edge of the isosceles trapezoid; each feed end is provided with a feed through hole (7);
the main body of the feed network layer is a third dielectric plate, two microstrip feeder lines are arranged on the upper surface and the lower surface of the third dielectric plate, one of the microstrip feeder lines is a short microstrip feeder line, the other microstrip feeder line is a long microstrip feeder line, and the two microstrip feeder lines on the same surface of the third dielectric plate are mutually vertical; the short microstrip feeder line on the upper surface and the long microstrip feeder line on the lower surface are positioned on the connection line projection of the feed through holes of the two opposite feed ends, and the short microstrip feeder line on the lower surface and the long microstrip feeder line on the upper surface are positioned on the connection line projection of the feed through holes of the other two opposite feed ends; the outer ends of two microstrip feeder lines on the upper surface of the third dielectric plate are respectively connected with feed through holes of two adjacent feed ends, and the inner ends of the two microstrip feeder lines are respectively connected with the inner conductors of the corresponding radio frequency connectors; the outer ends of two microstrip feeder lines on the lower surface of the third dielectric plate are respectively connected with the feed through holes of the other two adjacent feed ends, and the inner ends of the two microstrip feeder lines are connected with the outer conductor of the corresponding radio frequency connector through the corresponding through holes (12);
the main body of the metal stratum is a fourth dielectric plate, metal copper clad is arranged on the lower surface of the fourth dielectric plate, and the outer conductors of the radio frequency connectors are all welded on the metal copper clad; the via hole is connected with the metal copper-clad and the two microstrip feeder lines on the lower surface of the third dielectric plate.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202021749649.0U CN212303896U (en) | 2020-08-20 | 2020-08-20 | Base station MIMO antenna unit |
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| CN202021749649.0U CN212303896U (en) | 2020-08-20 | 2020-08-20 | Base station MIMO antenna unit |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113794062A (en) * | 2021-11-17 | 2021-12-14 | 南京天朗防务科技有限公司 | Subarray division and voltage distribution method and device of sum and difference beam antenna |
| WO2023206005A1 (en) * | 2022-04-25 | 2023-11-02 | 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 | Dual-polarized antenna and electronic device |
-
2020
- 2020-08-20 CN CN202021749649.0U patent/CN212303896U/en active Active
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113794062A (en) * | 2021-11-17 | 2021-12-14 | 南京天朗防务科技有限公司 | Subarray division and voltage distribution method and device of sum and difference beam antenna |
| WO2023206005A1 (en) * | 2022-04-25 | 2023-11-02 | 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 | Dual-polarized antenna and electronic device |
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