CN212128011U - A drum type aerobic compost back-mixing device - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses a drum-type aerobic composting back-mixing device, which comprises a rotating cylinder, the rotating cylinder is connected with a driving device, and the driving device realizes the rotation around an axis, and the rotating cylinder moves along the feeding port to the discharging port. The direction is horizontally and downwardly inclined at a certain angle, and a number of copying plates are fixed on the inner peripheral wall of the rotating cylinder. Evenly distributed in the direction of the interval, the copying boards between each group are arranged in a staggered manner, the copying board is composed of a bottom plate and a baffle, one end of the bottom plate is fixed with the inner peripheral wall of the rotating cylinder, and the other end of the bottom plate faces the incoming material direction and toward the center of the rotating cylinder. Tilt, the tilt angle is 45°~65°. The utility model utilizes the material copying plate to push the back-end decomposed material to return to the front end of the reactor efficiently, so as to inoculate the fresh material, increase the microbial abundance in the fresh material, and promote the rapid degradation of organic waste, thereby effectively improving the composting efficiency and improving the product quality. .

Description

A drum type aerobic compost back-mixing device

technical field

The utility model belongs to the technical field of solid waste aerobic composting reaction devices, in particular to a drum type aerobic composting back-mixing device.

Background technique

With the rapid development of the economy, the production of solid wastes such as urban and rural domestic waste, garden waste, livestock and poultry manure, and agricultural waste has increased sharply. Among them, the annual production of urban and rural (including rural) domestic waste has exceeded 400 million tons. , the annual output of crop straw waste reaches 200 million tons. At present, these solid wastes are mainly incinerated or sanitary landfill. The flue gas produced by incineration will cause pollution to the atmospheric environment, especially dioxins, which are highly toxic and belong to persistent organic pollutants. They have a long residence time in the environment and are stable and difficult to decompose. Governance is difficult and costly. Sanitary landfill occupies a large amount of land resources, wastes resources seriously, and there is the risk of leachate leakage and contamination of groundwater. The leachate treatment is difficult and costly. In addition, it is difficult for many cities and towns in my country to select new landfill sites. As one of the oldest organic waste treatment technologies, organic waste composting has developed rapidly with the promotion and application of green agriculture, organic vegetables, organic agricultural products and the increase in demand for organic fertilizers in recent years.

The composting of organic waste is a process in which organic matter is stabilized under the action of aerobic microorganisms through ventilation and oxygen supply, and a compost product is formed. Compost, as an agricultural organic fertilizer or soil conditioner, can reduce the application of chemical fertilizers and relieve soil compaction. Aerobic composting is an effective way to realize the reduction, recycling and harmlessness of organic waste. It has the advantages of simple method, convenient operation and low investment and operation cost. It has become a hot spot in the research of organic waste treatment today. However, the time period of traditional composting is longer, generally 30-60d, and the primary fermentation and secondary fermentation time each take more than 10-20d.

Composting for a long time will take up a lot of space in the composting facility and affect the processing efficiency. Although device-based (reactor) composting can greatly improve the reaction efficiency and shorten the time of one fermentation, the time is still long, generally 7-10 days, and the mixing and stirring of solid waste is difficult, and the material is difficult to be uniform, which restricts the further effective shortening of the reaction. time. In the existing drum type reactor, the mixing and stirring effect is good, and the time of one fermentation can be shortened to 5-7d, but the mixing and stirring effect is limited to the same section. Because the drum reactor is generally a plug-flow reaction, the materials of different batches are basically not mixed, so it is difficult to inoculate fresh materials with decomposed compost, and the composting of fresh materials is slow to start, and it is difficult to achieve rapid humification of organic wastes. Therefore, how to realize the mixing of different batches of materials in the drum reactor, the mixed inoculation of decomposed compost and fresh materials, the rapid humification of organic waste, the improvement of the fertilizer efficiency of organic waste and the realization of safe fertilization without consuming backflow power? It is still the direction of research and development by those skilled in the art.

Utility model content

Aiming at the deficiencies of the above-mentioned prior art, the technical problem to be solved by this utility model is: how to provide a drum-type aerobic composting reaction device suitable for composting organic waste with high efficiency and back-mixing, so as to improve the efficiency of the drum-type reaction device. Stirring and mixing effect, at the same time, without increasing external energy consumption, efficient back-mixing of decomposed materials can be achieved by means of the specially designed internal copy board, decomposed compost is inoculated with fresh composting materials, and the composting of fresh materials can be quickly started to achieve rapid organic waste. Humification, shorten the composting cycle, reduce production energy consumption, and improve processing efficiency.

In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the utility model adopts the following technical solutions:

A drum-type aerobic composting back-mixing device includes a rotating cylinder, the rotating cylinder is connected with a driving device, and the rotation around the axis is realized by the driving device, one end of the rotating cylinder is connected to a feeding port, and the other end is connected to an outlet. The rotating cylinder is horizontally inclined downward at a certain angle along the direction from the feeding port to the discharging port, and a number of copying plates are fixed on the inner peripheral wall of the rotating cylinder. There are at least two groups distributed in the direction, and the material copying plates in each group are evenly distributed along the axial direction of the rotating cylinder, and the material copying plates in each group are arranged in a staggered manner. The inner peripheral wall of the rotating cylinder is fixed, and the other end of the bottom plate faces the incoming material direction and is inclined towards the center of the rotating cylinder body, and the inclination angle is 45°~65°; The inner angle of the L-shape is oriented in the same direction as the rotation direction of the rotating cylinder, so that when the material copying plate rotates with the rotating cylinder, the inner corner area formed by the material copying plate can carry some materials, and when the rotation reaches a certain angle, the material will be removed due to gravity. When falling down, the bottom plate and the end of the baffle plate connected to the rotating cylinder are inclined planes so as to fit with the inner wall of the rotating cylinder; the rotating cylinder is also provided with a ventilation pipe for supplying oxygen to the interior of the rotating cylinder.

When the rotating cylinder rotates, the material copying plate drives the material and fully stirs and mixes it. At the same time, it carries part of the compost material to a certain height and then conveys the part of the material to the feeding port. The conveyed material falls into the gap between the opposite side copying plates, and is carried up again by the opposite side copying plate with the rotation of the rotating cylinder, and then enters the next back-mixing cycle. The decomposed compost on the discharge port side of the rotating cylinder is returned to the front end of the rotating cylinder through the gradual transmission of several material copying plate groups.

In this way, the utility model utilizes the material copying plate arranged on the inner wall of the composting drum, without the need for external reflux and stirring equipment, and uses the structure of the material copying plate itself to fully stir and mix the materials, and at the same time, push the back-end decomposed materials to return to the front end of the reactor efficiently, so as to avoid the need for external reflux and stirring equipment. Inoculate fresh materials to increase the abundance of microorganisms in fresh materials and promote the rapid degradation of organic waste; at the same time, the humus in the decomposed compost can be combined with the intermediate products produced by the degradation of organic matter to form more stable humus, thereby effectively reducing the time of one fermentation. , to promote the rapid humification of organic waste, improve composting efficiency and improve product quality.

As an optimization, the two ends of the rotating cylinder are respectively sealed and connected to the first fixed cylinder and the second fixed cylinder through movable joints, the feed port is opened at the upper end of the first fixed cylinder, and the discharge port is opened at the second fixed cylinder The lower end of the cylinder; one end of the ventilation pipe penetrates the first fixed cylinder to connect to the intake pipe, the other end is fixed at the end of the second fixed cylinder, the air outlet is opened at the upper end of the second fixed cylinder, and the ventilation pipe passes through the second fixed cylinder The body cavity is communicated with the trachea.

In this way, the utility model divides the composting drum into a fixed cylinder and a rotating cylinder. The fixed cylinder does not rotate, and is sealed and connected with the rotating cylinder through a movable joint, which better solves the problems of continuous operation and feeding and discharging of the reaction device. At the same time, it is also convenient to connect the inlet and outlet pipes. The structure of the reaction device is relatively simple. Usually, the oxygen supply at the front end of the ventilation pipe is relatively large, and the oxygen supply at the rear end is relatively small. In this way, the reaction device automatically realizes the matching between the oxygen supply and the oxygen demand of the material.

As an optimization, the ventilation pipe is located on the central axis of the rotating cylinder, and the lower end of the peripheral wall of the ventilation pipe is provided with several ventilation holes along the axial direction.

Setting the ventilation holes in this way can prevent solid waste or leachate from entering the ventilation pipe, avoid blockage of the ventilation pipe or ventilation holes, and improve the stability of the device on the premise of providing oxygen ventilation. There are two rows of ventilation holes at °, and the two rows of ventilation holes are distributed at intervals along the axial direction.

As an optimization, the outer surfaces of the first fixed cylinder, the second fixed cylinder and the rotating cylinder are all wrapped with a thermal insulation layer, and the thermal insulation layer is made of rock wool, glass wool or polyurethane.

By setting the thermal insulation layer, the heat dissipation is reduced, the high temperature fermentation time is ensured, the rapid humification and harmlessness of the materials are realized, and the adaptability and processing efficiency of the reaction device are improved.

As an optimization, the rotating cylinder is horizontally inclined downward by 1° to 2° along the direction from the feed port to the discharge port.

This arrangement facilitates the transportation of materials from the feed port end to the discharge port end along with the rotating cylinder body.

As an optimization, it also includes a control system and an air supply system, the air supply system is connected with the intake pipe, the outer wall of the ventilation pipe is provided with a temperature sensor, and the control system is electrically connected with the temperature sensor to control the air supply system according to the feedback of the temperature sensor. Start and stop.

In this way, by setting the control system and the air supply system, the control system can control the start and stop of the air supply system according to the temperature outside the ventilation pipe fed back by the temperature sensor, thereby controlling the oxygen supply in the rotating cylinder, and completing the high temperature aerobic Fermentation, to achieve rapid humification, when the temperature sensor feedback temperature is less than 55 ℃, the oxygen supply frequency is ventilation for 15 minutes, and the intermittent 45 minutes; When the temperature is more than 65℃, the ventilation is continuous, the oxygen supply in the ventilation pipe is 0.05-0.2 m ³ /(min•m ³ stack), the air supply system can be a blower, and the control system can be a PLC control system.

As an optimization, two sets of pulley support devices are provided at the bottoms of both ends of the rotating cylinder, and the two sets of pulley support devices located at the same end are respectively located on both sides of the rotating cylinder, and the bottom of the rotating cylinder is in contact with the pulleys of the pulley support device. And it is driven to rotate on the pulley support device by the driving device.

As an optimization, the lower end of the second fixed cylinder is also connected with a leachate discharge pipe for discharging the leachate produced by the compost.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the embodiment of the present utility model;

Fig. 2 is the sectional view at the position of the pulley support device in the embodiment of the present utility model;

Fig. 3 is the structural representation of the copy board in the embodiment of the present utility model;

4 is a schematic structural diagram of a ventilation pipe in an embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed ways

The present utility model will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

In specific implementation: referring to Figures 1 to 4, a drum-type aerobic compost back-mixing device includes a rotating cylinder 1, and the rotating cylinder 1 is connected to a driving device 2, and the rotation around the axis is realized by the driving device. One end of the rotating cylinder is connected to the feeding port 3, and the other end is connected to the discharging port 4. The rotating cylinder is horizontally inclined downward at a certain angle along the direction from the feeding port to the discharging port. The inner peripheral wall of the rotating cylinder is fixed with several Material plate 5, the described several material copying plates 5 are at least two groups distributed along the circumferential direction of the rotating cylinder, the material copying plates in each group are evenly distributed along the axial direction of the rotating cylinder body, and the material copying plates in each group are staggered. set up. The material copying plate is composed of a bottom plate and a baffle. One end of the bottom plate is fixed with the inner peripheral wall of the rotating cylinder, and the other end of the bottom plate faces the incoming material and is inclined towards the center of the rotating cylinder, and the inclination angle is 45°~65°; the baffle is set On the side of the bottom plate, the overall cross-section of the material plate is L-shaped, so that the baffle has the same inclination angle as the bottom plate. The inner angle of the L-shape is oriented in the same direction as the rotation direction of the rotating cylinder, so that when the material copying plate rotates with the rotating cylinder, the inner corner area formed by the material copying plate can carry some materials, and when the rotation reaches a certain angle, the material will be removed due to gravity. Falling down, the bottom plate and the end of the baffle plate connected to the rotating cylinder are inclined surfaces, so as to fit with the inner wall of the rotating cylinder; the rotating cylinder is also provided with a ventilation pipe 6 for supplying oxygen to the interior of the rotating cylinder.

When the rotating cylinder rotates, the material copying plate drives the material and fully stirs and mixes it. At the same time, it carries part of the compost material to a certain height and then conveys the part of the material to the feeding port. The conveyed material falls into the gap between the opposite side copying plates, and is carried up again by the opposite side copying plate with the rotation of the rotating cylinder, and then enters the next back-mixing cycle. The decomposed compost on the discharge port side of the rotating cylinder is returned to the front end of the rotating cylinder through the gradual transmission of several material copying plate groups.

In this way, the utility model utilizes the material copying plate arranged on the inner wall of the composting drum, without the need for external reflux and stirring equipment, and uses the structure of the material copying plate itself to fully stir and mix the materials, and at the same time, push the back-end decomposed materials to return to the front end of the reactor efficiently, so as to avoid the need for external reflux and stirring equipment. Inoculate fresh materials to increase the abundance of microorganisms in fresh materials and promote the rapid degradation of organic waste; at the same time, the humus in the decomposed compost can be combined with the intermediate products produced by the degradation of organic matter to form more stable humus, thereby effectively reducing the time of one fermentation. , to promote the rapid humification of organic waste, improve composting efficiency and improve product quality.

During implementation, the two ends of the rotating cylinder are respectively sealed and connected to the first fixed cylinder 8 and the second fixed cylinder 9 through the movable joint 7. The feed port 3 is opened at the upper end of the first fixed cylinder 8, and the discharge port is 4 is opened at the lower end of the second fixed cylinder 9 . One end of the ventilation pipe 6 penetrates the first fixed cylinder to connect to the air inlet pipe 10, the other end is fixed at the end of the second fixed cylinder, the air outlet pipe 11 is opened on the upper end of the second fixed cylinder, and the ventilation pipe 6 passes through the second fixed cylinder. 9. The inner cavity is communicated with the air outlet pipe 11.

In this way, the utility model divides the composting drum into a fixed cylinder and a rotating cylinder. The fixed cylinder does not rotate, and is sealed and connected with the rotating cylinder through a movable joint, which better solves the problems of continuous operation and feeding and discharging of the reaction device. At the same time, it is also convenient to connect the inlet and outlet pipes. The structure of the reaction device is relatively simple. Usually, the oxygen supply at the front end of the ventilation pipe is relatively large, and the oxygen supply at the rear end is relatively small. In this way, the reaction device automatically realizes the matching between the oxygen supply and the oxygen demand of the material.

During implementation, the ventilation pipe 6 is located on the central axis of the rotating cylinder, and the lower end of the peripheral wall of the ventilation pipe is provided with several ventilation holes along the axial direction.

Setting the ventilation holes in this way can prevent solid waste or leachate from entering the ventilation pipe, avoid blockage of the ventilation pipe or ventilation holes, and improve the stability of the device on the premise of providing oxygen ventilation. There are two rows of ventilation holes at °, and the two rows of ventilation holes are distributed at intervals along the axial direction.

During implementation, the outer surfaces of the first fixed cylinder, the second fixed cylinder and the rotating cylinder are all wrapped with a thermal insulation layer 12, and the thermal insulation layer is made of rock wool, glass wool or polyurethane.

By setting the thermal insulation layer, the heat dissipation is reduced, the high temperature fermentation time is ensured, the rapid humification and harmlessness of the materials are realized, and the adaptability and processing efficiency of the reaction device are improved.

During implementation, the rotating cylinder body is horizontally inclined downward by 1° to 2° along the direction from the feed port to the discharge port.

This arrangement is conducive to the transportation of the rotating material from the feeding port to the discharging port with the rotating cylinder, and the rotating cylinder rotates at a constant speed at a speed of 0.5 r/min~2.0 r/min to realize material mixing, material conveying and material mixing. Even air supply.

When implemented, it also includes a control system 13 and an air supply system 14, the air supply system is connected with the air intake pipe, the outer wall of the ventilation pipe is provided with a temperature sensor, and the control system is electrically connected with the temperature sensor to control the air supply according to the feedback of the temperature sensor. Start and stop of the system.

In this way, by setting the control system and the air supply system, the control system can control the start and stop of the air supply system according to the temperature outside the ventilation pipe fed back by the temperature sensor, thereby controlling the oxygen supply in the rotating cylinder, and completing the high temperature aerobic Fermentation, to achieve rapid humification, when the temperature sensor feedback temperature is less than 55 ℃, the oxygen supply frequency is ventilation for 15 minutes, and the intermittent 45 minutes; When the temperature is more than 65℃, the ventilation is continuous, the oxygen supply in the ventilation pipe is 0.05-0.2 m ³ /(min•m ³ stack), the air supply system can be a blower, and the control system can be a PLC control system.

During implementation, two sets of pulley support devices 15 are provided at the bottoms of both ends of the rotating cylinder, and the two sets of pulley support devices located at the same end are respectively located on both sides of the rotating cylinder, and the bottom of the rotating cylinder is in contact with the pulley of the pulley support device. , and drive it to rotate on the pulley support device through the driving device.

During implementation, the lower end of the second fixed cylinder is also connected with a leachate discharge pipe 16 for discharging the leachate produced by the compost.

During implementation, before starting composting, control the moisture content of solid waste to be about 50%-60%, C/N to be 20~25:1, and design the feed rate according to the filling rate of the reaction device of 2/3~3/4. When the reaction device is running, fresh organic waste enters the rotating cylinder through the feed port 3 . The rotating cylinder is inclined towards the discharge port at an angle of 1°~2°. The rotating cylinder rotates at a constant speed of 0.5 ~ 2.0 r/min under the driving of the drive device 2 consisting of a transmission mechanism, a reducer, a motor and a frame. When the compost material stays in the reactor for an average of 3-5d, the high-temperature aerobic fermentation can be completed, and rapid humification can be realized, and it is discharged from the discharge port 14 of the reactor. The leachate produced by the compost is discharged through the leachate discharge pipe 16 . The air intake and gap time during the composting process are controlled by the control system combined with the temperature fed back by the temperature sensor to realize intelligent air intake.

The above-mentioned embodiments of the present invention are only examples for illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, changes and modifications in other different forms can also be made on the basis of the above description. Not all implementations can be exhaustive here. Any obvious changes or changes derived from the technical solutions of the present utility model are still within the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims (7)

1. The utility model provides a drum-type good oxygen compost backmixing device, is including rotating the barrel, rotates a drive arrangement of barrel connection to realize pivoting through this drive arrangement, its characterized in that: one end of the rotating cylinder is connected with the feeding hole, the other end of the rotating cylinder is connected with the discharging hole, the rotating cylinder horizontally inclines downwards for a certain angle along the direction from the feeding hole to the discharging hole, a plurality of material copying plates are fixed on the inner peripheral wall of the rotating cylinder, the material copying plates are at least two groups of material copying plates distributed along the circumferential direction of the rotating cylinder, the material copying plates in each group are uniformly distributed along the axial direction of the rotating cylinder at intervals, the material copying plates in each group are arranged in a staggered mode, each material copying plate is composed of a bottom plate and a baffle, one end of the bottom plate is fixed with the inner peripheral wall of the rotating cylinder, the other end of the bottom plate faces the incoming; the baffle is arranged on the side edge of the bottom plate so that the whole cross section of the material copying plate is L-shaped, the inner angle direction of the L-shape is the same as the rotating direction of the rotating cylinder, so that in the process that the material copying plate rotates along with the rotating cylinder, the inner angle area formed by the material copying plate can carry partial materials and the materials can fall down due to gravity when rotating to a certain angle, and the bottom plate and one end of the baffle, which is connected with the rotating cylinder, are inclined planes so as to be attached to the inner wall of the rotating cylinder; the rotating cylinder is also internally provided with a breather pipe for supplying oxygen to the interior of the rotating cylinder.

2. The drum-type aerobic compost back mixing device as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the two ends of the rotating cylinder are respectively connected with the first fixed cylinder and the second fixed cylinder in a sealing manner through movable joints, the feed port is formed in the upper end of the first fixed cylinder, and the discharge port is formed in the lower end of the second fixed cylinder; one end of the vent pipe penetrates through the first fixed cylinder body to be connected with the air inlet pipe, the other end of the vent pipe is fixed at the end of the second fixed cylinder body, the air outlet pipe is arranged at the upper end of the second fixed cylinder body, and the vent pipe is communicated with the air outlet pipe through the inner cavity of the second fixed cylinder body.

3. A drum-type aerobic compost back mixing device as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the breather pipe is located the axis in the rotation barrel, and the lower extreme of the perisporium of breather pipe is equipped with a plurality of air vents along the axial direction.

4. The drum-type aerobic compost back mixing device as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the outer surfaces of the first fixed cylinder body, the second fixed cylinder body and the rotating cylinder body are all wrapped with heat insulation layers, and the heat insulation layers are made of rock wool, glass wool or polyurethane.

5. The drum-type aerobic compost back mixing device as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the rotating cylinder body is horizontally inclined downwards by 1-2 degrees along the direction from the feed inlet to the discharge outlet.

6. The drum-type aerobic compost back mixing device as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the air supply system is connected with the air inlet pipe, the outer wall of the vent pipe is provided with a temperature sensor, and the control system is electrically connected with the temperature sensor to control the start and stop of the air supply system according to the feedback of the temperature sensor.

7. The drum-type aerobic compost back mixing device as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the bottom of the two ends of the rotating cylinder body is provided with two groups of pulley supporting devices, the two groups of pulley supporting devices positioned at the same end are respectively positioned at two sides of the rotating cylinder body, the bottom of the rotating cylinder body is abutted to the pulleys of the pulley supporting devices, and the pulley supporting devices are driven by a driving device to rotate on the pulley supporting devices.

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