CN211723685U - 一种深部创伤吸液膨胀止血敷料袋 - Google Patents
一种深部创伤吸液膨胀止血敷料袋 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本实用新型公开了一种深部创伤吸液膨胀止血敷料袋,包括袋体和封装于袋体内的止血填充物,且所述袋体上设有在X光下可显影的条状的显影层。该吸液膨胀止血敷料袋便于现场救治人员能够将其通过体表狭小创口顺利填塞进深部出血位点/腔道,吸血后膨胀有效发挥压迫止血作用。同时,本实用新型的止血敷料袋可整体从伤口中移出,无散落、无残留,清创更容易、清创更彻底。该止血敷料袋可通过X线检测其是否全部移出,避免残留。
Description
技术领域
本实用新型涉及止血类医疗器械技术领域,特别涉及一种深部创伤止血敷料袋,该止血敷料袋在伤口处通过快速吸液膨胀从而实现止血。
背景技术
贯穿伤或盲管伤等深部组织大出血是突发性意外伤,尤其是战时枪弹伤等的高发伤情。这类伤情体表创口狭小而内部伤道空腔大、出血位点深且出血量大,是无法通过常规止血带按压止血的特殊出血类型,其现场急救迄今仍是战创伤救治的一大难题。
贯穿伤或盲管伤的急救困难主要是由于在战现场匮乏的医疗辅助资源条件下,急救人员无法快速有效地将纱布状、粉末状或颗粒状的止血材料等通过体表狭小的创口导入深部出血位点,从而无法使止血材料真正发挥其止血活性。另外,常见的止血敷料呈平面状,贴敷于体表的创口表面,也无法作用于创口深部的出血位点,从而也无法使止血敷料发挥其止血活性。
如何在急救过程中快速将止血敷料送进深部创伤的止血位点,能够为伤员争取宝贵的院前救治时间和后送时间,也是解决这类大出血现场救治难题的关键点。
实用新型内容
为解决上述技术问题,本实用新型提供一种在伤口处可快速吸液膨胀的深部创伤吸液膨胀止血敷料袋,包括袋体和封装于袋体内的止血填充物,且所述袋体上设有在X光下可显影的条状的显影层。
所述显影层设在所述袋体正面和背面的外表面和/或内表面上。
所述止血填充物呈颗粒状或粉末状。
所述袋体由医用亲水材料的织品制成,所述织品为多孔结构,且其孔径小于所述止血填充物的粒径。
所述袋体由无纺布制品制成,所述制品为多孔结构,且其孔径小于所述止血填充物的粒径。
所述袋体由生物膜制成,所述制品为多孔结构,且其孔径小于所述止血填充物的粒径。
所述显影层为医用硫酸钡显影线。
所述显影线缝合于袋体上。
所述袋体的外形为圆球体、椭球体、圆柱体或长方体。
所述袋体为长方体时,长×宽×高为(5mm-50mm)×(5mm-50mm)×(0.1mm-10mm);所述袋体为圆球体时,直径为5mm-50mm;所述袋体为圆柱体时,底面直径为5mm-50mm,高为(0.1mm-10mm)。
本实用新型提供的深部创伤吸液膨胀止血敷料袋尺寸较小,便于现场救治人员能够将其通过体表狭小创口顺利填塞进深部出血位点或腔道;吸血后敷料袋膨胀在深部出血位点或腔道内部形成压力,从而阻断血流并在出血位点有效发挥压迫止血作用,避免伤员在后送过程(后送过程即伤员在急救现场简单处理后忘后方下一级医疗机构进行转诊运送的过程)中因进一步失血休克,争取抢救时间。同时,较一般粉末状止血材料,本实用新型的止血敷料袋可整体从伤口中移出,无散落、无残留,清创更容易、清创更彻底。此外,本实用新型止血敷料袋上的显影层在X光下会显影,可通过X线检测止血敷料袋是否全部移出,避免残留。本实用新型的止血敷料袋可根据创伤空腔大小选择不同包装,适应不同大小体表创口的深部组织创伤出血的止血,方便携带且储存稳定期长。
附图说明
图1所示为本实用新型深部创伤吸液膨胀止血敷料袋使用前的结构示意图;
图2所示为本实用新型深部创伤吸液膨胀止血敷料袋使用后的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
以下结合具体实施例,更具体地说明本实用新型的内容,并对本实用新型作进一步阐述,但这些实施例绝非对本实用新型进行限制。
本实用新型提供的深部创伤吸液膨胀止血敷料袋,为一种深部创伤吸液膨胀的医用敷料,其结构如图1所示,包括袋体1和盛装于袋体1内的止血填充物2,在袋体1的外表面还设有显影层3。其中,
袋体1可由纯棉纤维、木浆纤维、壳聚糖及其改性材料、聚乙烯醇、植物改性淀粉、聚丙烯酸钠树脂或其他医用亲水材料的织品、无纺布制品或生物膜制成,这些材料均可商购得到。袋体1为密封袋体,表面为多孔结构,且孔径小于止血填充物2的粒径。
止血填充物2可为高吸水性树脂,如羧甲基化淀粉、接枝纤维素、聚丙烯酸盐、丝蛋白、果胶、海藻、海藻多糖、壳聚糖,导水性材质等一种或多种,混合比例没有限制;
显影层3可直接缝合或粘贴在袋体1外表面,选用医用显影线硫酸钡线,可设N条,N为正整数。
本实用新型的深部创伤吸液膨胀止血敷料袋,根据具体用途,使用前外形可以是圆球体、椭球体、长方体、圆柱体或其他形状,其横截面为(5mm-50mm)×(5mm-50mm)×(0.1-10mm)(高度即双层纱布厚度几乎为0)。止血填充物2的填充量根据止血填充物2的材料吸水后膨胀性能而确定,既不能涨破袋体1,又能在吸液膨胀后最大限度充胀袋体1。
上述吸液膨胀止血敷料袋的制备方法,将医用织品、无纺布制品或生物膜剪裁成(5mm-50mm)×(5mm-50mm)相等大小的两块,对齐缝合形成袋体1,装入5-50mg止血填充物2,缝合封闭即可,最后真空包装,Co60辐照灭菌。显影层3可于缝合封闭后缝或粘贴在袋体外表面,或作为缝合线将袋体缝合封闭,或在剪裁前先在医用织品、无纺布制品或生物膜上缝合或粘贴显影层。
本实用新型提供的深部创伤吸液膨胀止血敷料袋可用于各种突发意外事故,尤其是战时枪弹伤、锐器伤等造成的体表创口狭小、内部伤道空腔大、出血量大、无法常规按压止血的深部组织创伤的院前急救填塞止血。
使用时,可利用推注器载荷大量本止血辅料袋在注射器内部以便快速顺利填塞入伤口或带无菌手套直接用手指填塞,图2所示为本实用新型深部创伤吸液膨胀止血敷料袋进入伤口止血吸液后的形态。
实验一:止血效果实验
仪器和实验动物
主要仪器:多导生理监测仪MP150,BIOPAC;电子天平DT-1001A;呼吸麻醉机Matrx,MODEL 3000;血氧饱和度心电监测仪PM-9000Vet;常规手术器械、麻醉药品,北京通和生泰比较医学研究所;中心静脉导管,Arrow International Inc.;血栓弹力图仪,HaemoscopeCorporation;凝血检测仪ACL 9000,贝克曼(Beckman Coulter,Inc.);血常规检测仪XT1800,西森美康;动脉血气检测仪RADIOMETER ABL 800 FLEX,雷度米特医疗设备(上海)有限公司
实验动物:贵州小型猪,18头,♀,30±5kg,由中国人民解放军军事医学研究院实验动物中心提供。
实验分组:随机分为3组,每组6头,包括:
受试样本组:本实用新型深部创伤吸液膨胀止血敷料袋,使用前Co60照射灭菌;
阳性对照组:CELOX-ATM;
阴性对照组:普通无菌医用纱布。
实验方法:
将实验动物麻醉后,置于37℃恒温手术台上,取仰卧位;颈动脉插管,连接生理监测仪,监测血压等生理指标;
动物大出血模型造模:一侧腹股沟备皮,在皮肤体表沿股动脉走向切开约5厘米长的皮肤切口,暴露皮下组织,触摸找到股动脉搏动最强点确定股动脉位置;待受试动物基础平均动脉压(MAP)稳定十分钟后,用18号外科剪垂直切入并剪断所包含的股动脉、股静脉及其周围组织肌肉等,制造腹股沟部大出血模型;
自由喷血15秒,空白纱布收集血量并称量,记为基础失血量,表征出血程度;然后立即塞入各组止血样品;观察是否立即止血,若未成功止血,则人工按压3分钟,观察是否成功止血;10分钟后,模拟活动,内旋、外展各5次,查看是否出血;检测观察1小时或直到动物死亡。
统计指标
初始MAP(mmHg)、终末MAP(mmHg)、15s失血量(g)、操作历时(s)、后续出血量(g)、1小时内存活时间(min);血红蛋白(HGB,g/L)、凝血功能指标:活化部分凝血酶时间(aPTT,s)、凝血酶原时间(PT,s)基础值。数据处理及统计采用Microsoft Excel 2013以及GraphPad Prism 5.0软件。统计方法包括Kruskal-Wallis test,log-rank test,Fisher’sexact test。p<0.05则认为有统计学差异。实验结果见表1和表2。
表1各组基础值对比
表2止血效果对比
实验结果
由表1可见,实验前三组实验动物血液学检查指标血红蛋白(HGB),凝血功能指标aPTT和PT等均在正常范围,且均无统计学差异;体重和初始MAP亦基本相似;治疗前失血量即15秒自由喷血失血量,受试样本组为130.5±29.7g,CELOX-A组(即阳性对照组)为132.3±43.4g,普通纱布组(即阴性对照组)为147.6±29.1g,此可能和动物个体差异有关。
止血过程中,受试样本组每只动物均无需人工按压操作,而普通纱布组(即阴性对照组)中的六只动物均需按压,CELOX-A组中有五只动物需要人工按压3分钟。同样的结果可在操作总历时上体现,受试样本组操作历时为19.0±4.6s,明显优于CELOX-A组的169.0±73.5s,和普通纱布组的187.8±1.7s(p<0.05)。CELOX-A组和受试样本组均能初始止血成功,而作为阴性对照的普通纱布组均未能成功止血。小型猪腹股沟区大出血模型止血后模拟活动过程中,CELOX-A组和受试样本组均未再次出血,表明止血牢固度方面二者相当。
实验二:安全性评价实验
溶血实验:
浸提样品:按受试材料最大吸盐水倍率+0.1g·mL-1的体积生理盐水于37℃浸提24h;
取新鲜3.8%枸橼酸钠抗凝兔全血(1:9),60μL抗凝兔全血加到3mL浸提液中;阴性为60μL抗凝兔全血加到3mL生理盐水中;阳性对照为60μL抗凝兔全血加到3mL去离子水中;37℃孵育1小时;2000r·min-1,离心5min,取上清200μL加入96孔板,每个样8孔,酶标仪下545nm波长检测OD值;
溶血率计算公式为:溶血率%=(样品–阴性)OD/(阳性–阴性)OD×100%,以羧甲基化淀粉作为受试材料为例,结果见表3。
表3受试材料的溶血率
材料种类 | 545nm吸光度 | 溶血率% |
Water | 1.049 | |
0.9%Saline | 0.047 | |
受试材料 | 0.053 | 0.61 |
表结果表明,受试材料的溶血率为0.61%,显著小于5%的临界标准水平,表明材料未发生明显溶血反应。由于本实用新型止血敷料袋内的止血填充物未发生明显溶血反应,因此证明本实用新型止血敷料袋也未发生明显溶血反应。
本实用新型的优点是把吸水膨胀的材料包裹在透水性好的材质中,做成一个个小袋子,其体积和尺寸可使操作人员能够顺利将其穿过狭小的体表创口填塞进创伤深部并触及出血位点,并凭借内部材料自身良好的吸水性能和膨胀性能达到快速填塞伤道和压迫止血的效果,使用后利于清创无残留,解决了粉末状止血辅料的清创难且易导致血栓等缺点。尤其适用于各种枪械伤或自然灾害、交通意外造成的贯穿伤、盲管伤等止血敷料无法有效填塞的大出血的现场快速急救止血,防止出血性休克的发生,为下一步的医院后送和治疗争取宝贵的抢救时间。具备止血迅速、便于携带、储存时间长等优点。
以上所述仅是本实用新型的优选实施方式,应当指出的是,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本实用新型原理的前提下,还可以做出若干改进和润饰,这些改进和润饰也应视为本实用新型的内容。
Claims (10)
1.一种深部创伤吸液膨胀止血敷料袋,其特征在于,包括袋体和封装于袋体内的止血填充物,且所述袋体上设有在X光下可显影的条状的显影层。
2.根据权利要求1所述深部创伤吸液膨胀止血敷料袋,其特征在于,所述显影层设在所述袋体正面和背面的外表面和/或内表面上。
3.根据权利要求2所述深部创伤吸液膨胀止血敷料袋,其特征在于,所述止血填充物呈颗粒状或粉末状。
4.根据权利要求3所述深部创伤吸液膨胀止血敷料袋,其特征在于,所述袋体由医用亲水材料的织品制成,所述织品为多孔结构,且其孔径小于所述止血填充物的粒径。
5.根据权利要求3所述深部创伤吸液膨胀止血敷料袋,其特征在于,所述袋体由无纺布制品制成,所述制品为多孔结构,且其孔径小于所述止血填充物的粒径。
6.根据权利要求3所述深部创伤吸液膨胀止血敷料袋,其特征在于,所述袋体由生物膜制成,所述生物膜为多孔结构,且其孔径小于所述止血填充物的粒径。
7.根据权利要求4-6任一所述深部创伤吸液膨胀止血敷料袋,其特征在于,所述显影层为医用硫酸钡显影线。
8.根据权利要求7所述深部创伤吸液膨胀止血敷料袋,其特征在于,所述显影线缝合于袋体上。
9.根据权利要求7所述深部创伤吸液膨胀止血敷料袋,其特征在于,所述袋体的外形为圆球体、椭球体、圆柱体或长方体。
10.根据权利要求9所述深部创伤吸液膨胀止血敷料袋,其特征在于,所述袋体为长方体时,长×宽×高为(5mm-50mm)×(5mm-50mm)×(0.1mm-10mm);所述袋体为圆球体时,直径为5mm-50mm;所述袋体为圆柱体时,底面直径为5mm-50mm,高为0.1mm-10mm。
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