CN210625573U - Three-dimensional high accuracy measurement system of train bottom surface - Google Patents
Three-dimensional high accuracy measurement system of train bottom surface Download PDFInfo
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- CN210625573U CN210625573U CN201821112531.XU CN201821112531U CN210625573U CN 210625573 U CN210625573 U CN 210625573U CN 201821112531 U CN201821112531 U CN 201821112531U CN 210625573 U CN210625573 U CN 210625573U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a three-dimensional high accuracy measurement system in train bottom surface, including some laser range finder, laser adjusting device and central processing unit, laser adjusting device and some laser range finder are connected with central processing unit signal respectively, some laser range finder sets up between two tracks of train and is less than the rail face, the junction point of some laser range finder and bottom surface is the measured point, makes measured point along the direction reciprocating motion perpendicular to the train direction of travel through laser adjusting device. The laser adjusting device is an angle adjusting device and is used for adjusting the emitting direction of point laser, so that the laser range finder forms a track similar to pendulum movement, and a measured point moves back and forth along the direction vertical to the running direction of the train, thereby realizing the measurement of the bottom surface of the train. The utility model discloses can the accurate slight change that measures the train bottom surface, the data input who obtains will measure again is to the central processing unit, establishes the data model of tread and carries out the analysis, lets measurement personnel see the three-dimensional model and the degree of wear of tread directly perceivedly, is favorable to the safety inspection and the routine maintenance of bottom surface.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to the technical field of the train detects, a three-dimensional high accuracy measurement system in train bottom surface is related to.
Background
The bottom surface of the train is one of the important components of the train, and how to detect the bottom surface of the train to avoid the crack or damage of the bottom surface of the train is paid more and more attention by people nowadays when the carrying weight of the train is continuously increased.
In a traditional train bottom surface detection mode, most images of a bottom surface are obtained through an optical camera, the bottom surface is modeled through a characteristic point comparison mode, and the abrasion condition of the bottom surface can be obtained through comparison according to a modeled model and an original construction drawing of the bottom surface. However, although this method can obtain a relatively large-sized image, most of the information of the image is inaccurate, the accuracy is not sufficient, and some slight changes on the bottom surface cannot be perceived, which is likely to leave a hidden danger. Patent CN201220189306.2 discloses a control system for rail transit vehicle underbody safety inspection, which includes: the scanning imaging equipment is used for scanning the train bottom; a node controller for system control; a system host for system operation; a display for displaying the inspection information; a sensor for determining whether the train enters or leaves the detection range; the scene camera is used for monitoring and recording the whole inspection process; a vehicle identity recognizer that is used for locomotive and carriage identity to establish something else. The camera is adopted as scanning imaging equipment, the precision is low, slight difference of millimeter level cannot be analyzed, the camera is positioned at the bottom of a train, the visual field is dark, the camera is not suitable for capturing images, and distorted images can be obtained easily.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The utility model aims to solve the technical problem that a three-dimensional surface high accuracy measurement system of ability accurate measurement's train bottom surface is provided.
In order to achieve the above object, the utility model provides a following technical scheme:
a three-dimensional high-precision measuring system for the bottom surface of a train comprises a point laser range finder, a laser adjusting device and a central processing unit, wherein the laser adjusting device and the point laser range finder are respectively in signal connection with the central processing unit, the point laser range finder is arranged between two tracks of the train and is lower than the track surface, the intersection point of the point laser range finder and the bottom surface is a measured point, and the measured point is enabled to move back and forth along the direction perpendicular to the running direction of the train through the laser adjusting device.
On one hand, the laser adjusting device enables the measured point to move back and forth along the direction perpendicular to the running direction of the train, on the other hand, the train runs forwards, the running speed of the train is relatively slow, and the laser adjusting device drives the measured point to move relatively fast, so that the distance measuring point covers the whole bottom surface of the train. The moving direction of the measured point is not limited to be perpendicular to the train running direction, and can also be a moving mode forming other angles with the train running direction, and the method is within the protection range of the patent as long as the method meets the requirement that the distance meter can form uniform and dense measuring tracks on the surface of the whole train bottom surface under the action of the laser adjusting device and the movement of the train, and the movement rules can be stored in a control system through movement codes.
Preferably, the laser adjusting device is an angle adjusting device for adjusting and locking the angle of the light emitted by the point laser distance measuring device.
The laser adjusting device is an angle adjusting device and is used for adjusting the emitting direction of point laser, so that the laser range finder forms a track similar to pendulum movement, and a measured point moves back and forth along the direction vertical to the running direction of the train, thereby realizing the measurement of the bottom surface of the train.
Preferably, the measuring system further comprises a first translation device for driving the point laser range finder to translate.
Preferably, the distance between the point laser range finder and the measured point on the bottom surface of the train is 500-900 mm.
The point laser distance measuring device has a certain range, and if the distance is too far, the point laser distance measuring device can be easily interfered, so that the accuracy of measured data is reduced, and if the distance is too close, the distance measuring device adopting a TOF or laser triangulation method mode for measurement can also be influenced in the measurement accuracy. Therefore, the distance between the point laser distance meter and the bottom surface of the train is 500-900mm, and more preferably 800 mm.
Preferably, the projection of the laser emitted by the point laser range finder 1 on a vertical plane where the advancing direction of the train is located forms an angle of 5-30 degrees or an angle of 150-175 degrees with the horizontal plane.
Since the distance between the point laser distance meter and the measured point on the bottom surface of the train is about 500-900mm and the linear distance between the point laser distance meter and the bottom surface of the train is about 100mm, in order to increase the distance between the point laser distance meter and the measured point on the bottom surface of the train, the laser emitted by the point laser distance meter needs to form an angle of 5-30 degrees or an angle of 150-175 degrees with the horizontal plane.
And a plurality of row-point laser range finders are arranged along the running direction of the train, so that the measured point can cover the whole bottom surface of the train. On a plane vertical to the running direction of the train, the point laser distance measuring devices in different rows form included angles with the horizontal plane at different angles. And in order to avoid the situation that the measuring laser is blocked due to the fact that a large bulge is formed on the bottom surface of the train, the laser emitted by the point laser range finder 1 is divided into two types, one type is that the plane where the point laser range finder swings back and forth is 0-90 degrees with the advancing direction of the train, and the other type is that the plane where the point laser range finder swings back and forth is 90-180 degrees with the advancing direction of the train, so that the plurality of point laser range finders can measure the bottom surface of the train through different angles, and the influence caused by the fact that the laser is blocked is reduced.
Preferably, a plurality of row point laser range finders are arranged along the running direction of the train, so that the measured points can cover the whole bottom surface of the train.
Preferably, the measuring system further comprises a wheel sensor, and the central processing unit acquires signals of arrival of the train at the monitoring point through the wheel sensor.
When the measuring system is arranged on a train track which normally runs, because the frequency of the train passing through a monitoring point is low, if the laser displacement sensor works all the time, a large amount of resources are wasted; after the wheel sensor is arranged, the laser displacement sensor can be restarted to carry out data acquisition when the train is about to reach a monitoring point, so that the data processing amount is reduced, and the service life of the laser displacement sensor is prolonged.
Preferably, the measuring system further comprises a track correction device for detecting a condition of irregularity of the track and in signal connection with the central processing unit.
Compare the test to the train bottom surface on special test platform, when measurement system is set up on normal operating's train track, because the train track receives the phenomenon that track unevenness appears easily in the erosion of long-time wearing and tearing and rainwater, so when carrying out the bottom surface measurement on relevant track and appear the inaccurate condition of measuring result easily, consequently the utility model discloses a set up the condition that a track correcting unit measured orbital surface to make measuring data can wipe the harmful effects because the track unevenness brought.
The track correction device is a line laser detection device or a point laser detection device with a driving device and is used for detecting the unevenness of the track.
Preferably, buffering devices for slowing down the moving speed of the point laser distance measuring device are further arranged at two ends of the first translation device. In order to avoid the first translation device from easily colliding when the point laser distance measuring device is driven to move too fast to cause the turning back, the buffer device is arranged to slow down the moving speed of the point laser distance measuring device at the two ends of the first translation device.
Preferably, displacement sensors are further arranged at two ends of the first translation device. Because the actual moving speed of some laser range finder appears easily behind first translation device with very fast speed moving point laser range finder and predetermined moving speed change, the measurement of bringing in order to avoid this kind of change is inaccurate, the utility model discloses a set up displacement sensor at first translation device both ends, through the distance of displacement sensor record point laser range finder left and right sides translation.
Compared with other prior art, the utility model has the advantages that:
the train is measured by adopting the high-speed swinging angle adjusting device, so that the conditions of all positions on the bottom surface of the train can be measured in the process of rapid running of the train, and the real-time monitoring of the train is facilitated. And the measured distance is proper, and the measurement precision of the point laser range finder can be effectively improved. In addition, a proper test angle is set, and the measurement influence caused by the unevenness of the bottom surface is reduced.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the present invention.
The labels in the figure are: 1. a point laser rangefinder; 2. a measuring platform; 3. a first guide rail; 4. a first drive motor; 5. a laser adjusting device.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, embodiments of the present invention are described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example 1
A three-dimensional high-precision measuring system for the bottom surface of a train comprises a point laser range finder 1, a laser adjusting device 5 and a central processing unit, wherein the laser adjusting device 5 and the point laser range finder 1 are respectively in signal connection with the central processing unit, the point laser range finder 1 is arranged between two tracks of the train and is lower than the track surface, the intersection point of the point laser range finder 1 and the bottom surface is a measured point, and the measured point moves back and forth in the direction perpendicular to the running direction of the train through the laser adjusting device 5. It will be appreciated that the spot laser rangefinder 1 may be positioned between tracks or outside tracks as desired.
On one hand, the laser adjusting device 5 enables the measured point to move back and forth along the direction perpendicular to the running direction of the train, on the other hand, the train runs forwards, the running speed of the train is relatively slow, and the laser adjusting device 5 drives the measured point to move relatively fast, so that the distance measuring point covers the whole bottom surface of the train. The moving direction of the measured point is not limited to be perpendicular to the train running direction, and can also be a moving mode forming other angles with the train running direction, and the method is within the protection range of the patent as long as the method meets the requirement that the distance meter can form uniform and dense measuring tracks on the whole train bottom surface under the action of the laser adjusting device 5 and the movement of the train, and the movement rules can be stored in the control system through movement codes.
Preferably, the laser adjusting device 5 is an angle adjusting device for adjusting and locking the angle of the light emitted by the point laser range finder 1.
The laser adjusting device 5 is an angle adjusting device and is used for adjusting the emitting direction of point laser, so that the laser range finder forms a track similar to pendulum movement, and a measured point moves back and forth along the direction vertical to the running direction of the train, thereby realizing the measurement of the bottom surface of the train.
Preferably, the measuring system further comprises a first translation device for translating the point laser distance measuring device 1.
First translation device is including setting up first guide rail 3 and the first driving motor 4 at measuring platform 2, point laser range finder 1 and 3 sliding connection of first guide rail, first driving motor 4 is used for driving point laser range finder 1 and laser adjusting device 5 and removes along first guide rail 3. As shown in fig. 1, the direction of the laser adjusting device 5 for adjusting the reciprocating direction of the point laser rangefinder 1 is parallel to the direction of the first guide rail 3, and it should be understood that the direction of the laser adjusting device 5 for adjusting the reciprocating direction of the point laser rangefinder 1 may be at any angle to the direction of the first guide rail 3, in addition to the above-described solutions.
Preferably, the distance between the point laser range finder 1 and the measured point on the bottom surface of the train is 500-900 mm.
The point laser distance measuring device 1 has a certain measuring range, and if the distance is too far, the point laser distance measuring device is easily interfered, so that the accuracy of measured data is reduced, and if the distance is too close, the distance measuring device adopting TOF or laser triangulation method can also be influenced in the measuring accuracy. Therefore, the distance between the point laser distance meter 1 and the bottom surface of the train is 500-900mm, and more preferably 800 mm.
Preferably, the laser emitted by the point laser range finder 1 forms an angle of 5-30 degrees or an angle of 150-175 degrees with the horizontal plane. More precisely, the projection of the laser emitted by the point laser range finder 1 on the vertical plane where the advancing direction of the train is located forms an angle of 5-30 degrees or an angle of 150-175 degrees with the horizontal plane
Since the distance between the point laser distance measuring device 1 and the measured point on the bottom surface of the train is 500-900mm, and the linear distance between the point laser distance measuring device 1 and the bottom surface of the train is about 100mm, in order to increase the distance between the point laser distance measuring device 1 and the measured point on the bottom surface of the train, the laser emitted by the point laser distance measuring device 1 needs to form an angle of 5-30 degrees with the horizontal plane.
Preferably, a plurality of row-point laser range finders 1 are arranged along the running direction of the train, so that the measured points can cover the whole bottom surface of the train.
Preferably, the measuring system further comprises a wheel sensor, and the central processing unit acquires signals of arrival of the train at the monitoring point through the wheel sensor.
When the measuring system is arranged on a train track which normally runs, because the frequency of the train passing through a monitoring point is low, if the laser displacement sensor works all the time, a large amount of resources are wasted; after the wheel sensor is arranged, the laser displacement sensor can be started again to carry out data acquisition when the train is about to reach a monitoring point, so that the data processing amount is reduced, and the service life of the laser displacement sensor is prolonged.
Preferably, the measuring system further comprises a track correction device for detecting a condition of irregularity of the track and in signal connection with the central processing unit.
Compare the test to the train bottom surface on special test platform, when measurement system is set up on normal operating's train track, because the train track receives the phenomenon that track unevenness appears easily in the erosion of long-time wearing and tearing and rainwater, so when carrying out the bottom surface measurement on relevant track and appear the inaccurate condition of measuring result easily, consequently the utility model discloses a set up the condition that a track correcting unit measured orbital surface to make measuring data can wipe the harmful effects because the track unevenness brought.
The track correction device is a line laser detection device or a point laser detection device with a driving device and is used for detecting the unevenness of the track.
Preferably, buffering devices for slowing down the moving speed of the point laser distance measuring device 1 are further arranged at two ends of the first translation device. In order to avoid the first translation device from easily colliding when the point laser range finder 1 is driven to move too fast to cause the turn-back, the moving speed of the point laser range finder 1 at the two ends of the first translation device is reduced by arranging a buffer device.
Preferably, displacement sensors are further arranged at two ends of the first translation device. Because the moving speed that appears point laser range finder 1 reality easily after 1 with very fast speed moving point laser range finder changes with predetermined moving speed, in order to avoid the measurement that this kind of change brought inaccurate, the utility model discloses a set up displacement sensor at first translation device both ends, through displacement sensor record point laser range finder 1 control the distance of translation.
The point laser displacement sensor comprises a point laser light source, a collimator, an imaging lens, a narrow-band filter and a CCD or PSD, and adopts a laser triangulation method for measurement.
Various technical features of the above-mentioned embodiments can be combined freely, and for the sake of brevity, all possible combinations of the technical features of the above-mentioned embodiments are not described, however, as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features, the scope of the description should be considered as being described in the specification.
Claims (7)
1. A three-dimensional high-precision measuring system for the bottom surface of a train is characterized by comprising a point laser distance meter, a laser adjusting device and a central processing unit, wherein the laser adjusting device and the point laser distance meter are respectively in signal connection with the central processing unit, the point laser distance meter is arranged between two tracks of the train and is lower than the track surface, the intersection point of the point laser distance meter and the bottom surface is a measured point, and the measured point moves back and forth along the direction vertical to the running direction of the train through the laser adjusting device; the laser emitted by the point laser range finder forms an angle of 5-30 degrees with the horizontal plane.
2. The three-dimensional high-precision measuring system for the bottom surface of the train as claimed in claim 1, wherein the laser adjusting device is an angle adjusting device for adjusting and locking the angle of the light emitted by the point laser distance measuring device.
3. The three-dimensional high-precision measuring system for the bottom surface of the train as claimed in claim 1, wherein the measuring system further comprises a first translation device for driving the point laser distance measuring device to translate.
4. The three-dimensional high-precision measuring system for the bottom surface of the train as claimed in claim 3, wherein a plurality of row point laser range finders are arranged along the running direction of the train, so that the measured points can cover the whole bottom surface of the train.
5. The three-dimensional high-precision measuring system for the bottom surface of the train as claimed in claim 1, wherein the distance between the point laser distance measuring device and the measured point on the bottom surface of the train is 500-900 mm.
6. The three-dimensional high-precision measuring system for the bottom surface of the train as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a track correcting device for detecting the condition of the unevenness of the track and connected with the signal of the central processing unit.
7. The three-dimensional high-precision measuring system for the bottom surface of the train as claimed in claim 3, wherein buffering means for slowing down the moving speed of the point laser distance measuring device are further provided at both ends of the first translating means.
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| CN201821112531.XU CN210625573U (en) | 2018-07-13 | 2018-07-13 | Three-dimensional high accuracy measurement system of train bottom surface |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114076572A (en) * | 2020-08-13 | 2022-02-22 | 山东新凌志检测技术有限公司 | Tire pattern depth measurement system based on single-point laser measurement technology |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114076572A (en) * | 2020-08-13 | 2022-02-22 | 山东新凌志检测技术有限公司 | Tire pattern depth measurement system based on single-point laser measurement technology |
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