CN217656447U - Battery module and charger - Google Patents
Battery module and charger Download PDFInfo
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- CN217656447U CN217656447U CN202221099101.5U CN202221099101U CN217656447U CN 217656447 U CN217656447 U CN 217656447U CN 202221099101 U CN202221099101 U CN 202221099101U CN 217656447 U CN217656447 U CN 217656447U
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
- H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
- H01M10/441—Methods for charging or discharging for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
- H01M10/482—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
- H02J7/0031—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits using battery or load disconnect circuits
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0047—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with monitoring or indicating devices or circuits
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0068—Battery or charger load switching, e.g. concurrent charging and load supply
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
- H02J7/00712—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters
- H02J7/007182—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters in response to battery voltage
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Abstract
The utility model relates to a battery module and charger, the battery module includes group battery, passive balanced module, switch array and drive circuit, battery state parameter detection module and the control module of charging and discharging that constitute by a plurality of electric core series connection. The battery state parameter detection module realizes measurement, processing and storage of signals such as battery monomer voltage, module current and the like; the charging and discharging control module realizes battery balance in the battery pack by using the passive balance module, and realizes battery balance among the battery modules by using the switch array. The battery system has low requirement on the consistency of the battery cores, the modules are completely independent, and any communication function and system master control are not needed; and the compatibility is strong, the lead-acid storage battery can be replaced one by one with the traditional lead-acid storage battery, and the lead-acid storage battery is suitable for wide fields of electric light vehicles and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a technical scheme of battery module specifically relates to, application switch array constructs standardization, modularization, extensible battery system with passive equilibrium and distributed control technique, reduces electric core uniformity requirement to can the effective control cost, be applicable to extensive fields such as electronic light car.
Background
To overcome the effects of the cell consistency problem, passive or active equalization techniques need to be used. The passive equalization scheme has the advantages of simple and reliable circuit and low cost, but has the problems of small equalization current, heat dissipation and the like. Although the active equalization can realize rapid large current equalization, power devices such as a large-capacity capacitor, an inductor or a transformer are often used, so that the cost is high, the control is complex, and the reliability is poor. The switch array technology can dynamically adjust the connection relationship between the batteries, and is becoming an emerging solution. Patent US6140799 provides a battery switch array topology, each battery (combination) uses 3 switches, can realize dynamic connection functions such as series connection, parallel connection and bypass of battery. The patent US8330419B2 provides a more complex switch array composed of 6 switches, and can realize richer dynamic battery connection modes such as series-parallel connection and the like. It goes without saying that the greater the number of switches, the more flexible the battery connection. However, the switch array is too complex, often has no economy, is not beneficial to commercial application and popularization, and is especially not suitable for some cost-sensitive application fields. The switch array technology is applied to the battery pack level, so that the number of switch devices can be greatly reduced. Patents CN206076425U and CN111431231a provide a battery system architecture, each battery pack shares a pair of switches, and compared with a cell-level switch array, the number of switches is greatly reduced. However, the above solutions cannot solve the problem of battery equalization in the battery module, and only the topology structure of the switch array is disclosed, and no specific driving circuit solution of the switch array and an adaptive charger control strategy are involved. In addition, most current technologies belong to a centralized integrated scheme, a large number of communication signal lines are needed among modules, system master controls such as an external high-voltage box are needed to be configured, the distance between the system master controls and an ideal standard module is far away, and production, transportation and after-sale maintenance are not facilitated.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to further solve the above problems, the present invention provides a modular battery system, which combines passive equalization and switch array technology to comprehensively solve the battery equalization problem; meanwhile, the bypass function and the distributed control technology of the switch array are fully utilized, standard modularization of the battery system is achieved, the high-voltage battery system can be constructed in a series expansion mode, and production, overhauling and maintenance are facilitated.
The utility model aims at providing a battery system who establishes ties mutually by a battery module or a plurality of battery module and constitute, the battery module includes group battery, passive equalizer module, switch array and drive circuit, the battery state parameter detection and the charge-discharge control module who comprises a plurality of electric core series connection. The switch array comprises two power MOSFET devices, so that the battery pack can be switched in or out of a power main loop. The battery state parameter detection module realizes the collection, processing and storage of battery state information, and the battery state parameters comprise voltage, current, temperature and the like. The charging and discharging control module realizes battery balance in the battery pack by using the passive balance module and realizes battery balance among the battery modules by using the switch array. The battery modules are completely independent, no communication line is needed between the modules, and extra battery system master control is also not needed.
The battery can be various physical or chemical storage batteries such as a lithium metal battery, a lithium ion battery, a sodium ion battery, a fuel battery, a nickel-hydrogen battery, a nickel-cadmium battery or a solar battery.
The battery system is composed of standardized battery modules with completely consistent software and hardware, no other communication cables except for positive and negative power leads are needed between the battery modules, and the battery system is connected in series in a similar manner to the traditional lead-acid storage battery. The characteristics bring great convenience to product design, production, field installation, after-sale maintenance and the like. For example, if the nominal voltage of the battery module is 12V, a rich product type spectrum with different voltage specifications of 24V, 36V, 48V and the like can be formed by connecting different numbers of battery modules in series. Moreover, the large-scale battery system is built in an accumulation mode by adopting small module building blocks, and production management, transportation and carrying are facilitated. Especially to the equipment vehicle of some battery compartment dispersion in a plurality of different positions, the unable matching of conventional integration battery often is placed, just so shows protrudingly this moment the utility model discloses the advantage of scheme. In addition, the battery module does not need external communication or product coding, is powered by the battery module, only needs local battery information for related charge and discharge control algorithms, and belongs to a completely 'autonomous' system. Therefore, the fault module can be directly replaced during after-sale maintenance without considering the problems of version consistency, system compatibility and the like. Because the battery module has stronger homoenergetic performance, need not the electric quantity during the replacement even and match, it is extremely convenient.
In a preferred embodiment, the charge and discharge control module has a power failure early warning function, and when the electric quantity of the battery module is close to being discharged, the battery pack is temporarily separated and then is restored to an access state, so that a user can sense and charge the battery as soon as possible.
In a preferred embodiment, the switch array includes two N-type power MOSFET devices, one of the power MOSFET devices is controlled and driven by one of the signals of the charge and discharge control module, and the other power MOSFET device is controlled and driven by two of the signals of the charge and discharge control module through a logic gate, so that the two power MOSFET devices are not turned on at the same time.
Further, in order to increase the turn-off speed of the power MOSFET, a driving circuit of the power MOSFET switch connected to the negative electrode of the battery pack uses a small-signal N-type MOSFET or an NPN transistor as a drain channel of gate charges, and is directly controlled by an output signal of the charge and discharge control module.
Furthermore, in order to reduce the power consumption of the switch array driving circuit and the voltage drop of the driving power supply, a small-signal N-type MOSFET or an NPN triode is used as a discharge channel of the grid charge of the power MOSFET and is driven and controlled by the grid charge.
Further, the high voltage signal of the driving circuit of the power MOSFET connected to the positive electrode of the battery pack is derived from a voltage doubling circuit of the battery voltage in the battery pack.
In a preferred embodiment, the switch array includes an N-type power MOSFET device and a P-type power MOSFET device, where the P-type power MOSFET is controlled and driven by one path of signal of the charge and discharge control module, and the N-type power MOSFET is controlled and driven by two paths of signals of the charge and discharge control module through a dual-input or gate.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a battery module and system, which utilize the passive equalization mode to realize the equalization of the battery in the battery module. When any one of the battery cells in the battery pack reaches the overcharge or overdischarge protection voltage, recalculating the voltage threshold parameter of the passive equalization module, specifically:
(1) and initializing parameters.
(2) The battery pack is connected to the power main loop.
(3) And continuously monitoring the battery state parameters in real time.
(4) And updating the state of the battery passive equalization module.
(5) And (4) judging, if the battery is in an overcharged or overdischarged state, removing the battery pack from the main power loop, and proceeding to the next step, otherwise, returning to the step (3).
(6) And recalculating the threshold voltage parameter of the battery passive equalization module.
(7) And (4) when the battery protection state is released, returning to the step (2).
Another object of the utility model is to provide a battery charger, it is by a plurality of the battery system application constant current constant voltage mode that the battery module constitutes charges, if the voltage that detects rechargeable battery drops to certain threshold value, then thinks that the battery is about to charge fully, specifically is:
The utility model provides a battery system has standardization and modularization advantage. Meanwhile, the number of required switches is small, the cost is controllable, and large-scale application and popularization are facilitated. Compared with the prior art, the utility model discloses mainly have following four advantages: firstly, the switch array driving circuit has high switching speed and low power consumption and is suitable for high-power application of batteries; secondly, combining the advantages of passive equalization and a switch array, optimizing and calculating voltage threshold parameters by using charge-discharge cycle feedback information, and realizing low-cost and high-performance battery system-level equalization; thirdly, the charger control method has the advantage that the voltage specification is downward compatible, and has the charging speed and the capacity utilization efficiency by combining a two-stage charging mode of large-current quick charging and trickle charging; finally, the battery modules and the battery system and the charger are completely independent, no communication cable is needed, mass production, field installation and construction and after-sale maintenance are facilitated, and a foundation is laid for industrial application and popularization.
Drawings
Fig. 1 shows a schematic structural diagram of a modular battery system provided by the present invention.
Fig. 2 shows a schematic diagram of a battery switch array and a driving circuit formed by two N-type power MOSFET devices according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 shows a schematic diagram of another battery switch array and driving circuit constructed by using two N-type power MOSFET devices according to the present invention.
Fig. 4 shows a schematic diagram of a battery switch array and a driving circuit using an N-type power MOSFET and a P-type power MOSFET according to the present invention.
Fig. 5 shows a flow chart of charge-discharge balancing control provided by the present invention.
Fig. 6 shows a control flow chart of a charger according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantageous technical effects of the present invention more clearly apparent, the embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention, and obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by a person skilled in the art without creative work all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the present invention provides a modular battery system, which is formed by serially connecting and expanding one or more battery modules. The battery module may have a separate housing, such as a standard chassis or a plastic housing like a 12V lead acid battery. Only the positive and negative electrodes of the battery are connected with the lead wires between different battery modules, and no communication line is needed. The number of the battery modules of the battery system is theoretically unlimited and can be flexibly configured according to application requirements. The battery system does not need to be provided with an additional system master controller, the battery system can be directly connected with an external load or a charger to carry out charging and discharging, and the functions of battery charging and discharging protection, balance control and the like are completely and independently realized by the battery module. The battery module comprises a battery pack 101 formed by connecting n storage batteries in series and a battery management system, and the main functional modules of the battery management system comprise a battery state parameter detection module 104, a passive equalization module 102, a switch array and drive circuit 103 and a battery charge and discharge control module 105. The battery pack 101 is connected to the battery state parameter detection module 104 through a signal acquisition line. The passive equalization module 102 is composed of a small switch and a discharge resistor corresponding to each string of storage batteries. The switch array 103 realizes independent connection or disconnection of the battery pack from a power main loop through 2 power MOSFET devices, wherein one power MOSFET device W2 is connected with the battery pack 101 in series, and the circuit after the series connection is connected with the other power MOSFET device W1 in parallel. The battery state parameter detection module 104 realizes measurement, processing and storage of signals such as battery cell voltage, temperature, battery module current and the like, so that the charge and discharge control module 105 can run a relevant algorithm. The algorithm combines the respective advantages of passive equalization and a switch array, optimizes and calculates voltage threshold parameters by using charge-discharge cycle feedback information, and achieves the purposes of battery protection and equalization and the like.
The utility model provides a battery system has standardization and modularization advantage, and the large-scale production and the on-the-spot installation and debugging of system of being convenient for have the ease of use, compatibility and the maintainability of traditional lead acid battery. Meanwhile, the number of used switches is small, the reliability is high, the cost is low, and a foundation is laid for large-scale commercial use.
Fig. 2 shows a specific embodiment of the switch array and driver circuit 103, in which two N-type power MOSFET devices are used as the switching devices. The source electrode of the power MOSFET Q41 is connected with the cathode of the battery pack, and the drain electrode of the power MOSFET Q41 is connected with the cathode of the battery module; the drain electrode of the power MOSFET Q42 is connected with the anode of the battery pack, and the source electrode thereof is connected with the cathode of the battery module; the positive electrode of the battery module is directly led out from the positive electrode of the battery pack. The parasitic diodes of the two power MOSFETs are connected with the cathode and the anode in sequence, but are reversely connected with the anode and the cathode of the battery pack, so that the battery is prevented from being out of control due to short circuit. The power MOSFET is driven by a push-pull circuit consisting of an NPN triode and a PNP triode. In order to prevent the two power MOSFETs from being short-circuited due to the direct connection, the power MOSFET Q42 is directly controlled by the output signal Cntr41 of the charge and discharge control module, and the power MOSFET Q41 is controlled by the two output signals Cntr41 and Cntr42 of the charge and discharge control module after passing through the NAND gate U4. Cntr42 defaults to high and the output of nand gate U4 is inverted with respect to Cntr 41. When the state of the battery pack needs to be changed, for example, the battery pack is changed from a power main loop to a pull-out state, at this time, cntr41 is at a high level, cntr42 is firstly set to a low level, so that U4 outputs a high level, the triode QS43 is switched on, and the power MOSFET Q41 is switched off through the push-pull circuit. I.e. both power MOSFETs are non-conducting and the switch array is in a dead-zone state. After waiting for the power MOSFET Q41 to be completely turned off, cntr41 is turned to a low level, and the transistor QS44 is turned off, so that the power MOSFET Q42 is gradually turned on. After that, cntr42 restores the default value high level, the battery pack enters a pull-out state, and the state transition is completed.
Q42 in fig. 2 drives power supply VDD2 and needs to be higher than the battery pack voltage. The utility model provides a high voltage power supply generating circuit selects the part battery that is close to the group battery anodal as voltage doubling circuit's input power to regard the negative pole of the partial group battery of selecting as voltage doubling circuit's power ground, high voltage power supply who floats the ground like this with regard to the relative battery module system ground of exportable. The charge pump controller may be selected from the common 7660 series. Compared with other DCDC schemes, the voltage doubling circuit has the advantages of low static power consumption, no need of inductors, small occupied area and the like, and is very suitable for a battery switch array driving circuit.
The power MOSFET Q42 in fig. 2 is driven by a push-pull circuit formed by an NPN transistor QS45 and a PNP transistor QS 46. Although the problem of direct connection of the two transistors can be effectively avoided, the collector-emitter voltage difference of the NPN transistor is large. The driving power supply VDD2 tends to be a lower supply voltage relative to the power MOSFET source. At this time, CE voltage drop loss of the NPN transistor in the push-pull circuit may cause insufficient conduction of the power MOSFET. Fig. 3 shows another embodiment of the switch array and driver circuit 103, in which a PNP transistor is used as the power driving stage and an NPN transistor is used as the gate-source charge draining channel of the power MOSFET. When Cntr21 is low, QS24 turns off, which in turn causes QS25 to turn off. Then, the gate charge of the power MOSFET drives the transistor QS26 to be conducted through the R35 and the D23, so that the gate charge discharge is accelerated. When Cntr21 is at a high level, the level shifter circuit composed of QS24 and QS25 starts operating, and the driving power supply VDD2 reaches the gate of the power MOSFET Q22, turning it on. At this point QS24 turns on, pulling the cathode of D24 down to ground, which in turn turns QS26 off, so Q22 conduction is not affected. According to the driving scheme, a grid charge discharging channel of the power switch is driven and controlled by grid charges, and the turn-off process is accelerated naturally. And during the turn-off period of the power MOSFET, the power consumption of the driving circuit is 0. The scheme reduces the voltage drop loss of the driving power supply on one hand, and has the advantage of low power consumption on the other hand. The battery system is very suitable for application fields with high requirements on low power consumption of the battery system, such as long-term shelf storage of products.
Switch array, its switch requires to have great difference with the power switch in power field, more is similar to direct current load switch, need not to consider too many PWM high frequency characteristic. For some high power battery system applications, the power MOSFET of the switch array needs to withstand a large working current for a long time, and the on-resistance of the power MOSFET must be very low, often much lower than 1 milliohm. The gate-source parasitic capacitance of the power MOSFET is large, and has unique requirements on a driving circuit. Furthermore, for most applications, battery systems tend to have large discharge power and small charge power. Therefore, the switching speeds of the two power MOSFETs of the switch array have an asymmetric characteristic. In order to deal with the problem, the utility model provides a another kind of drive circuit scheme further improves power MOSFET's turn-off speed to the channel of bleeding of power MOSFET grid charge that small signal N type MOSFET or NPN triode link to each other as with the group battery negative pole, and by the direct control of charge-discharge control module output signal. As shown in fig. 3, transistors QS22, QS23 and R25-R28 form a level shifter circuit that drives power MOSFET Q21 on. When the nor gate U2 outputs a low level, QS23 turns off, and in turn QS22 also turns off, at which time the power MOSFET Q21 begins the turn-off process. At this time, the output signal Cntr22 of the charge and discharge control module outputs a high level, so that the transistor QS21 is turned on, and a low-resistance drain channel of the gate-source charge of the power MOSFET Q21 is formed. Compared with the scheme shown in the figure 2, the driving circuit of the gate-source charge leakage channel is reduced by one level, the response speed is greatly improved, and the turn-off speed of the power MOSFET is accelerated.
Fig. 4 shows another embodiment of the switch array and driver circuit 103, which uses an N-type power MOSFET and a P-type power MOSFET as the switching devices. The source of the N-type power MOSFET Q61 is connected to the negative pole of the battery, and the drain of the P-type power MOSFET Q62 is connected to the positive pole of the battery. The negative pole of the battery module is connected with the drain electrode of the Q61 and the source electrode of the Q62, and the positive pole of the battery module is directly led out from the positive pole of the battery pack. The most significant advantage of this scheme is that a high voltage driving power supply is omitted, and when Cntr61 outputs a high level, transistor QS64 is turned on, so that P-type power MOSFET Q62 is turned on. The resistors R69, R70 may have a larger value to form a reference voltage. PNP transistor QS65 can increase the turn-on speed of P-type power MOSFET Q62, and NPN transistor QS66 can increase the turn-off speed of P-type power MOSFET Q62 by self-driving the gate charges. The driving method of the N-type power MOSFET Q61 and the dead-zone control circuit are similar to those of fig. 2, and are not described herein again.
As described above, the utility model provides a various drive circuit and switch array blind spot control scheme can make up the application to satisfy technical performance and individualized demands such as cost control of different application scenes, all belong to the utility model discloses a protection scope.
The utility model provides a battery outage early warning function detects the electric quantity when the battery module discharges in-process and is close when putting, makes the group battery briefly deviate from power major loop, then resumes the access state. The battery user or the load device can find the situation of instant power failure of the power supply, and then the charging prompt is obtained. Each battery module has an independent power-off reminding function, so that the battery system can generate multiple early warning messages, and the condition that the battery is shut down due to sudden power failure can be effectively avoided. For example, an electric bicycle uses a 48V battery system, and requires 4 12V battery modules to be connected in series, and when the electric quantity of each battery module is about to be exhausted (which can be determined according to the cell voltage or the electric quantity), a power failure early warning is generated. At this time, the voltage of the module is reduced to 0, and the voltage of the whole battery system is correspondingly reduced to about 36V, so that a user can obviously feel that the electric vehicle is suddenly stalled, and can realize that the battery is required to be charged as soon as possible. The power failure early warning method does not need to use a special electronic display screen or a wireless communication APP function, does not additionally increase any cost, and is wide in application range.
As shown in fig. 5, the utility model provides a battery module or system, when the group battery got into overcharge or overdischarge protection state, the power major loop was deviate from to the battery module to recalculate the voltage threshold parameter of passive balanced module, specifically as follows:
(1) and initializing parameters including the battery cell overcharge and overdischarge protection voltage, the overheat protection temperature, the overcurrent protection and passive equilibrium starting voltage threshold value and the like.
(2) The battery pack is connected to the main power circuit, i.e. the switch W2 is turned on, and the switch W1 is turned off. The battery pack is in a working state by default and can be charged and discharged normally.
(3) And continuously monitoring the battery state parameters in real time, wherein the battery state parameters comprise information such as cell voltage, temperature, battery module current and the like. And measuring various battery state parameters in real time according to a certain frequency by using a polling mode so as to be used for system decision.
(4) And updating the state of the battery passive balancing module, sequentially judging all the battery cells in the battery pack, if the voltage of the battery is higher than the lowest voltage of the battery pack by a threshold value, starting the passive balancing function of the battery, and if not, closing the passive balancing function.
(5) And (4) judging, if the battery pack has a battery overcharge or overdischarge protection state, taking the battery pack out of the power main loop, namely switching off the switch W2, switching on the switch W1, and entering the next step, otherwise, returning to the step (3) for circulating operation.
(6) And recalculating the threshold voltage parameter of the battery passive equalization module. At the moment, the battery pack is in an overcharge or over-discharge protection state, if the difference of the battery voltage is larger than a certain threshold compared with the lowest voltage of the battery pack, the threshold parameter of passive equalization is reduced, so that the passive equalization function of the battery is started earlier later, and the passive equalization threshold parameter of the lowest-voltage battery is increased.
(7) And (4) when the battery protection state is released, returning to the step (2). And judging the real-time state of the battery system through the current direction of the battery module. If the battery module is in the over-discharge protection state and the battery system is connected with a charger for charging, the over-discharge protection is released, and the charging process is started; and if the battery module is in the overcharge protection and the charger is detected to be unplugged or the output is stopped, the overcharge protection is removed, and the default discharge process is recovered.
The passively equalized equalization current is usually small, and the electric quantity equalization effect needs to be achieved through longer equalization time, so that the equalization control strategy is very critical. The equalization method utilizes the battery voltage information as the start judgment condition of the passive equalization, optimizes and calculates the threshold parameter of the passive equalization start through the feedback information in the charge-discharge protection state, can greatly reduce the precision requirement of the battery voltage measurement, and is particularly suitable for the fields of two-wheeled and three-wheeled electric light vehicles and the like with sensitive cost.
The specific operation process of the charge-discharge balance control method is described below by taking an example, assuming that the battery module is 4 strings of lithium iron phosphate batteries, the capacities are consistent, and the battery cells are sequentially marked as No. 1-4, wherein the electric quantity of the No. 4 battery is at most 60%, the electric quantity of the No. 1 battery is at least 50%, and the electric quantity of the No. 2-3 battery is 55%. The method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) The overcharge protection voltage of the battery is set to be 3.65V, the overdischarge protection voltage is 2.3V, and the initial threshold value of the passive equalization starting voltage of 4 batteries is 50mV.
(2) And the switch array enables the battery pack to be connected into the power main loop to start charging.
(3) And detecting the voltage of the battery monomer and the current of the battery module in real time.
(4) And in the later charging stage, the No. 4 battery is higher in voltage due to more electric quantity, so that the passive equalization function is started at the earliest.
(5) And the No. 4 battery reaches the overcharge protection voltage, and the battery pack enters a charge protection state.
(6) At this time, the highest voltage of the No. 4 battery is 3.65V, the highest voltage of the No. 1 battery is 3.45V, and the highest voltage of the No. 2-3 battery is 3.55V. 4. The voltage of the No. 4 battery is the highest and exceeds 0.2V compared with the lowest voltage of the battery pack by 3.45V, so that the passive equalization opening threshold of the No. 4 battery is adjusted to be lower by 10mV to be 40mV, the voltage of the No. 1 battery is the lowest, the passive equalization opening threshold is adjusted to be increased to be 60mV, and the No. 2-3 battery is kept unchanged (still 50 mV). By reducing the passive equalization threshold parameter, the number 4 battery has more time to start the passive equalization function next, which is beneficial to realizing the battery electric quantity equalization.
The charge-discharge balance control method needs to set two threshold parameters, wherein the passive balance starting voltage threshold is mainly determined by the precision of a measurement system. For example, if a foreign leading vehicle-grade material such as LTC6804 is used, the measurement error of the voltage of a battery cell can be controlled to be 1-5mV, and at the moment, the voltage threshold value of the passive equalization starting can be set to be 10mV, so that sufficient margin is provided to avoid false starting of the passive equalization. However, for some application fields with sensitive cost, such as two-wheel and three-wheel electric light vehicles, the measurement error of a single battery is generally more than 50mV, and then the passive equilibrium starting voltage threshold has to be set to be more than 100mV, so that the false starting can be avoided. However, for the lithium iron phosphate battery with a very flat voltage platform, such a large threshold parameter means that the passive equalization function is only activated at the end of charging and discharging, and the effect is greatly reduced. The utility model provides a charge-discharge balance control method can effectively solve above-mentioned problem, but the passive equilibrium of every battery starts threshold value parameter self-adaptation adjustment, and the battery state of application at every turn charge-discharge terminal is calculated as feedback information optimization. In step (6) above, another threshold parameter is used to determine whether the start threshold parameter of passive equalization should be lowered. However, at this time, the battery pack is in a charge-discharge protection state, the voltage of the battery is far away from the voltage of the platform, the change is steep, and the voltage difference is obvious. This threshold is therefore easier to select and can be set relatively large, for example 100-200mV.
In the conventional charging process, the voltage of the constant-current charging battery is gradually increased to the highest voltage, and then the constant-voltage charging current is gradually reduced. The utility model provides a battery system, charging process is different from this. Along with a certain electric core in the battery pack reaches the overcharge protection voltage, the whole battery module is separated from the power main loop, so that the voltage of the battery system is gradually reduced. Under ideal conditions, all the battery modules in the battery system finally enter an overcharge protection state, namely the voltage drop of the battery system is 0, and the battery system is basically fully charged. The common charger does not support outputting 0V low voltage, for example, the common 60V charger for electric bicycles can output only about 35V at the lowest, otherwise, the short-circuit protection state is entered. The charger must therefore cut off the output immediately before reaching its own low voltage protection range. As shown in fig. 5, the utility model provides a charger, it is to by a plurality of the battery system application constant current constant voltage mode that the battery module constitutes charges, when battery system's voltage drops to certain threshold value, then thinks that battery system is about to charge fully, specifically is:
The charger control method only needs to use the voltage information of the charged battery for judgment, and does not need to be communicated and interacted with the battery system. Moreover, the charger adopts the low-voltage threshold of the charged battery as the characteristic quantity of full charge, so that the downward compatibility of the voltage specification of the charger can be realized, and the application range is expanded. For example, the 60V specification charger can normally charge a 48V storage battery besides being matched with a 60V storage battery, so that the phenomenon of over-charging of the battery cannot occur, and the misuse risk of the charger is greatly reduced.
The specific operation process of the charger control method is described as an example, assuming that the battery modules are 4 lithium iron phosphate batteries, the nominal voltage of the battery modules is 12V, the battery system is formed by connecting 5 battery modules in series, the nominal voltage is 60V, and the battery modules are sequentially marked as nos. 1 to 5. The method comprises the following specific steps:
(a) Assume that the initial voltage of the battery system is 55V and the fast charge current is 5A.
(b) The battery system voltage gradually increases at the initial stage of the charging process, assuming an increase from 55V to 70V.
(c) And then, the battery modules trigger the battery core overcharge protection to be separated from the charging power loop, and assuming that the voltage of each battery module is 14V at the moment, the voltage of the battery system is gradually reduced to 56V, 42V, 28V and 14V from the highest 70V in sequence. When the charger detects that the battery voltage is lower than 15V (assuming that the lowest output voltage supported by the charger is 14V), the output is turned off, the charging is suspended, and the first-stage quick charging process is completed. At this time, the charger current is 0, the battery module recovers to a normal discharge state, the battery system voltage recovers to about 70V, and the trickle charging process of the next stage is ready to be started.
(d) Constant current and constant voltage trickle charging, and charging current is 1A.
(e) The battery system voltage begins to gradually increase again.
(f) And then, gradually reducing the voltage of the battery system from the maximum voltage to about 14V, turning off the output of the charger, and stopping charging. At which time the battery is fully charged.
Claims (6)
1. A battery module is characterized by comprising a battery pack formed by connecting a plurality of battery cells in series, a passive equalization module, a switch array and drive circuit, a battery state parameter detection module and a charge-discharge control module; the switch array comprises two power MOSFET devices, so that a battery pack can be connected into or disconnected from a power main circuit, wherein one power MOSFET device W2 is connected with the battery pack in series, and a circuit after the series connection is connected with the other power MOSFET device W1 in parallel; the battery state parameter detection module realizes the collection, processing and storage of battery state information; the battery state information comprises voltage, current and temperature; the battery pack is connected with the battery state parameter detection module; the passive equalization module comprises a small switch and a discharge resistor corresponding to each string of electric cores and is connected with the battery pack; the charge and discharge control module calculates an output control signal by using the related information provided by the battery state parameter detection module, realizes battery balance in the battery pack by using the passive balance module, and realizes battery balance among battery modules by using the switch array; the battery module is completely independent, and the battery charging and discharging protection and balancing functions are completely realized by the battery module independently.
2. The battery module according to claim 1, wherein the switch array comprises two N-type power MOSFET devices, one of the power MOSFETs is controlled and driven by one of the signals of the charge and discharge control module, and the other power MOSFET is controlled and driven by two of the signals of the charge and discharge control module through a logic gate, so that the two power MOSFETs are not turned on simultaneously.
3. The battery module as claimed in claim 2, wherein the driving circuit of the power MOSFET switch connected to the negative electrode of the battery pack uses a small-signal N-type MOSFET or NPN transistor as a gate charge drain channel, and is directly controlled by the output signal of the charge and discharge control module.
4. The battery module as claimed in claim 2, wherein the high voltage power supply of the switch array and the driving circuit is derived from a voltage doubling circuit of the battery voltage in the battery pack.
5. The battery module according to claim 1, wherein the switch array comprises an N-type power MOSFET device and a P-type power MOSFET device, one of the power MOSFETs is controlled and driven by one of the signals of the charge and discharge control module, and the other power MOSFET is controlled and driven by two of the signals of the charge and discharge control module via a dual-input logic gate.
6. A battery charger, characterized in that a battery system comprising a plurality of battery modules according to claim 1 is charged by using a constant current and constant voltage mode, and when the voltage of the battery system falls below a certain threshold, it is considered that the battery system is about to be fully charged.
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| CN202221099101.5U CN217656447U (en) | 2022-05-08 | 2022-05-08 | Battery module and charger |
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