CN217362941U - Motor speed adjusting device, motor and vehicle - Google Patents
Motor speed adjusting device, motor and vehicle Download PDFInfo
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- CN217362941U CN217362941U CN202220961895.5U CN202220961895U CN217362941U CN 217362941 U CN217362941 U CN 217362941U CN 202220961895 U CN202220961895 U CN 202220961895U CN 217362941 U CN217362941 U CN 217362941U
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Abstract
The application provides a motor speed regulation device, a motor and a vehicle, wherein the device comprises a power supply; one end of the capacitor is connected with the positive electrode of the motor, the other end of the capacitor is connected with the negative electrode of the power supply, and the negative electrode of the motor is connected with the negative electrode of the power supply; the switching circuit comprises a first end and a second end, the first end is connected with the positive pole of the power supply, and the second end is connected with the positive pole of the motor; the waveform generator is connected with the switching circuit through a lead and used for outputting rectangular waves with adjustable duty ratios, the rectangular waves with the adjustable duty ratios comprise high-level signals and low-level signals, the high-level signals are used for controlling the switching circuit to be switched on, and the low-level signals are used for controlling the switching circuit to be switched off. The device has solved the too complicated problem of circuit of control motor rotational speed among the prior art.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of motors, in particular to a motor speed regulating device, a motor and a vehicle.
Background
When the direct current motor operates, the rotating speed is required to be adjusted according to different use occasions and requirements, the speed regulation of the traditional direct current motor is realized through circuits such as an H bridge, an H bridge motor control circuit generally needs 4 groups of MOS (metal oxide semiconductor) tubes and needs 4 groups of driving signals to realize the speed regulation, the circuits are complex and high in cost, and in some low-cost occasions or fields with low requirements on the motor speed, the use of the H bridge driving circuit brings the increase of the volume and the waste of the cost.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The main aim at of this application provides a motor speed adjusting device, motor and vehicle to solve the too complicated problem of circuit of control motor rotational speed among the prior art.
In order to achieve the above object, according to one aspect of the present application, there is provided a speed adjusting device of a motor, including: a power source; one end of the capacitor is connected with the positive electrode of the motor, the other end of the capacitor is connected with the negative electrode of the power supply, and the negative electrode of the motor is connected with the negative electrode of the power supply; the switching circuit comprises a first end and a second end, the first end is connected with the positive pole of the power supply, and the second end is connected with the positive pole of the motor; the waveform generator is connected with the switching circuit through a wire and used for outputting rectangular waves with adjustable duty ratios, the rectangular waves with the adjustable duty ratios comprise high level signals and low level signals, the high level signals are used for controlling the switching circuit to be switched on, and the low level signals are used for controlling the switching circuit to be switched off.
Optionally, the switch circuit includes a first switch circuit and a second switch circuit, and the first switch circuit is configured to control the second switch circuit to be turned on and off.
Optionally, the first switch circuit includes a first resistor, a first transistor, and a second resistor, the first transistor includes a first source, a first gate, and a first drain, one end of the first resistor is connected to one end of the second resistor, the other end of the first resistor is connected to the first source, the other end of the second resistor is connected to the positive electrode of the power supply, the first gate is connected to the waveform generator, and the first drain is connected to the negative electrode of the power supply.
Optionally, the second switch circuit includes a second transistor, the second transistor includes a second source, a second gate, and a second drain, the second source is connected to the positive electrode of the power supply, the second gate is connected to a common end of the first resistor and the second resistor, and the second drain is connected to the positive electrode of the motor.
Optionally, the first transistor is an N-type MOSFET transistor and the second transistor is a P-type MOSFET transistor.
Optionally, the power supply is a dc power supply.
Optionally, the waveform generator includes a power supply, a 555 timer, a third resistor, a fourth resistor, a fifth resistor, a first diode, a second diode, a first capacitor, and a second capacitor, and the 555 timer includes: the fourth resistor comprises a first fixed resistance end and a second fixed resistance end, one end of the third resistor is connected with the anode of the power supply, the other end of the third resistor is connected with the first fixed resistance end, one end of the fifth resistor is connected with the second fixed resistance end, the other end of the fifth resistor is connected with the cathode of the second diode, the anode of the second diode is connected with the cathode of the first diode, the cathode of the first diode is connected with the TH pin, the cathode of the first diode is connected with the TR pin, one end of the second capacitor is connected with the anode of the second diode, the other end of the second capacitor is connected with the cathode of the power supply, and one end of the first capacitor is connected with the CO pin, the other end of the first capacitor is connected with the negative electrode of the power supply, the OUT pin is used for outputting the high-level signal when the TR pin inputs a low-level signal, and the OUT pin is used for outputting the low-level signal when the TH pin inputs a high-level signal.
Optionally, the 555 timer further includes a DIS pin, the fourth resistor is an adjustable resistor, the fourth resistor further includes an adjusting terminal, the adjusting terminal is connected to the DIS pin, and the adjusting terminal is connected to the anode of the first diode.
Optionally, the 555 timer further comprises an RET pin, a GND pin and a VCC pin, the RET pin is connected with the positive pole of the power supply, the GND pin is connected with the negative pole of the power supply, and the VCC pin is connected with the positive pole of the power supply.
According to another aspect of the present application, there is provided an electric machine comprising a motor speed regulation device, the speed regulation device being any one of the speed regulation devices.
According to yet another aspect of the present application, there is provided a vehicle including the motor.
Use the technical scheme of this application, above-mentioned motor speed adjusting device includes: a power source; a capacitor, one end of which is connected to a positive electrode of a motor, the other end of which is connected to a negative electrode of the power supply, and the negative electrode of which is connected to the negative electrode of the power supply; a switching circuit including a first terminal and a second terminal, the first terminal being connected to a positive terminal of the power supply, the second terminal being connected to a positive terminal of the motor; and the waveform generator is connected with the switching circuit through a lead, and is used for outputting a duty ratio-adjustable rectangular wave which comprises a high level signal and a low level signal, wherein the high level signal is used for controlling the switching circuit to be switched on, and the low level signal is used for controlling the switching circuit to be switched off. The device controls the time of outputting a high level signal, namely the time of controlling the conduction of a switching circuit, by controlling the duty ratio of a rectangular wave with adjustable duty ratio output by a waveform generator, and further controls the time of charging a capacitor by a power supply, namely the voltage at two ends of the motor, so as to control the rotating speed of the motor.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the application and, together with the description, serve to explain the application and are not intended to limit the application. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a motor governor device according to an embodiment of the present application;
wherein the figures include the following reference numerals:
10. a power source; 20. a capacitor; 30. a switching circuit; 40. a waveform generator; 50. a first switching circuit; 60. a second switching circuit.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the disclosure. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of exemplary embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
It will be understood that when an element such as a layer, film, region, or substrate is referred to as being "on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. Also, in the specification and claims, when an element is described as being "connected" to another element, the element may be "directly connected" to the other element or "connected" to the other element through a third element.
As described in the background of the invention, the circuit for controlling the rotation speed of the motor in the prior art is too complex, and in order to solve the above problems, the present application proposes a motor speed adjusting device, a motor and a vehicle.
According to an embodiment of the present application, there is provided a motor speed adjusting device, as shown in fig. 1, including:
a power supply 10;
a capacitor 20, one end of which is connected to a positive electrode of a motor, the other end of which is connected to a negative electrode of the power supply, and the negative electrode of which is connected to the negative electrode of the power supply;
a switching circuit 30 including a first terminal connected to a positive electrode of the power supply and a second terminal connected to a positive electrode of the motor;
and a waveform generator 40, connected to the switching circuit through a wire, for outputting a duty-ratio-adjustable rectangular wave, where the duty-ratio-adjustable rectangular wave includes a high-level signal and a low-level signal, the high-level signal is used to control the switching circuit to be turned on, and the low-level signal is used to control the switching circuit to be turned off.
Above-mentioned motor speed adjusting device includes: a power source; a capacitor, one end of which is connected with the positive pole of the motor, the other end of which is connected with the negative pole of the power supply, and the negative pole of which is connected with the negative pole of the power supply; a switching circuit including a first terminal and a second terminal, the first terminal being connected to a positive terminal of the power supply, the second terminal being connected to a positive terminal of the motor; and the waveform generator is connected with the switching circuit through a lead, and is used for outputting a rectangular wave with adjustable duty ratio, wherein the rectangular wave with adjustable duty ratio comprises a high level signal and a low level signal, the high level signal is used for controlling the switching circuit to be switched on, and the low level signal is used for controlling the switching circuit to be switched off. The device controls the time of outputting a high-level signal, namely the time of controlling the on-state of a switching circuit, by controlling the duty ratio of a rectangular wave with adjustable duty ratio output by a waveform generator, and further controls the time of charging a capacitor by a power supply, namely the voltage at two ends of the motor, so as to control the rotating speed of the motor.
In an embodiment of the present application, the switch circuit includes a first switch circuit and a second switch circuit, and the first switch circuit is configured to control on and off of the second switch circuit. In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, when the waveform generator 40 outputs a high level signal, the high level signal controls the first switch circuit 50 to be turned on, the second switch circuit 60 to be turned on synchronously, and the switch circuit 30 to be turned on, and when the waveform generator 40 outputs a low level signal, the low level signal controls the first switch circuit 50 to be turned off, the second switch circuit 60 to be turned off synchronously, and the switch circuit 30 to be turned off.
In one embodiment of the present application, the first switch circuit includes a first resistor, a first transistor, and a second resistor, the first transistor includes a first source, a first gate, and a first drain, one end of the first resistor is connected to one end of the second resistor, the other end of the first resistor is connected to the first source, the other end of the second resistor is connected to a positive electrode of the power supply, the first gate is connected to the waveform generator, and the first drain is connected to a negative electrode of the power supply. In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, when the waveform generator 40 outputs a high level signal, the high level signal is applied to the first gate of the first transistor Q2, i.e., between the first gate and the first drain of the first transistor Q2, to generate a forward voltage, the first transistor Q2 is turned on, and the first switch circuit 50 is turned on, and when the waveform generator 40 outputs a low level signal, the low level signal is applied to the first gate of the first transistor Q2, i.e., between the first gate and the first drain of the first transistor Q2, without a voltage drop, the first transistor Q2 is turned off, and the first switch circuit 50 is turned off.
In one embodiment of the present application, the second switch circuit includes a second transistor, the second transistor includes a second source, a second gate, and a second drain, the second source is connected to a positive electrode of the power supply, the second gate is connected to a common end of the first resistor and the second resistor, and the second drain is connected to a positive electrode of the motor. In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, when the first transistor Q2 is turned on, that is, the first switch circuit 50 is turned on, the power supply 10, the first resistor R2 and the second resistor R1 form a loop, the second resistor R1 generates a voltage division level, that is, a reverse voltage is generated between the second gate and the second source of the second transistor Q1, the second transistor Q1 is turned on, and further, the positive electrode Vin + of the power supply 10 is connected to the capacitor C1, that is, the power supply 10 charges the capacitor C1, at the same time, the positive electrode Vin + of the power supply 10 is connected to the positive electrode of the motor B1, that is, the power supply 10 drives the motor B1 to start operating, when the first transistor Q2 is turned off, that is, that the first switch circuit 50 is turned off, the second resistor R1 has no voltage drop, that is, there is no voltage drop between the second gate and the second source of the second transistor Q1, the second transistor Q1 is turned off, and further, the circuit between the positive electrode of the power supply 10 and the capacitor C1 is turned off, and at the positive electrode circuit 1 of the motor B1 is turned off, the capacitor C1 and the motor B1 form a loop, and the capacitor C1 discharges to maintain the operation of the motor B1.
In addition, the higher the duty ratio of the rectangular wave with the adjustable duty ratio output by the waveform generator is, the longer the time for outputting the high level signal is, the longer the time for charging the capacitor by the power supply is, the higher the voltage across the capacitor is, and the faster the rotation speed of the motor is, and conversely, the lower the duty ratio of the rectangular wave with the adjustable duty ratio output by the waveform generator is, the shorter the time for outputting the high level signal is, the shorter the time for charging the capacitor by the power supply is, the lower the voltage across the capacitor is, and the slower the rotation speed of the motor is.
In an embodiment of the present application, the first transistor is an N-type MOSFET transistor, and the second transistor is a P-type MOSFET transistor. In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the first transistor Q2 is an N-type MOSFET transistor, when a forward voltage is applied between the gate and the drain of the N-type MOSFET transistor, the N-type MOSFET transistor is turned on, that is, when a forward voltage is applied between the first gate and the first drain of the first transistor Q2, the first transistor Q2 is turned on, the second transistor Q1 is a P-type MOSFET transistor, when a reverse voltage is applied between the gate and the source of the P-type MOSFET transistor, the P-type MOSFET transistor is turned on, that is, when a reverse voltage is applied between the second gate and the second source of the second transistor Q1, the first transistor Q2 is turned on.
In an embodiment of the present application, the power supply is a dc power supply. In this embodiment, the power source is used to charge the capacitor and simultaneously to drive the motor to operate, so that the power source is a dc power source.
The motor is a dc motor.
In an embodiment of the application, the waveform generator includes a power supply, a 555 timer, a third resistor, a fourth resistor, a fifth resistor, a first diode, a second diode, a first capacitor, and a second capacitor, and the 555 timer includes: an OUT pin, a TH pin, a TR pin and a CO pin, wherein the fourth resistor comprises a first fixed resistance end and a second fixed resistance end, one end of the third resistor is connected with the anode of the power supply, the other end of the third resistor is connected with the first fixed resistance end, one end of the fifth resistor is connected with the second fixed resistance end, the other end of the fifth resistor is connected with the cathode of the second diode, the anode of the second diode is connected with the cathode of the first diode, the cathode of the first diode is connected with the TH pin, the cathode of the first diode is connected with the TR pin, one end of the second capacitor is connected with the anode of the second diode, the other end of the second capacitor is connected with the cathode of the power supply, and one end of the first capacitor is connected with the CO pin, the other end of the first capacitor is connected to a negative electrode of the power supply, the OUT pin is configured to output the high level signal when a low level signal is input to the TR pin, and the OUT pin is configured to output the low level signal when a high level signal is input to the TH pin. In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, when the power supply VCC starts to output voltage, the second capacitor C3 cannot change suddenly, at this time, a low-potential signal is input to TR pin 2, the 555 timer U1 is set, OUT pin 3 outputs a high-level signal, the power supply VCC, the third resistor R3, the fourth resistor R4, the first diode D1 and the second capacitor C3 form a loop, that is, the power supply VCC charges the second capacitor C3, when the voltage drop across the second capacitor C3 reaches a threshold voltage of the timer, that is, 2/3 times of the output voltage of the power supply VCC, the TH pin 6 inputs a high-potential signal, the 555 timer U1 is reset, OUT pin 3 outputs a low-level signal, at this time, the second capacitor C3 discharges through the second diode D2, the fifth resistor R5, the fourth resistor R4 and a discharge tube inside the 555 timer U1, after the discharge is finished, the charging process of the second capacitor C3 is repeated, the discharge tube is controlled by controlling the charging time of the second capacitor C3 to output a high-level signal, the time for the OUT pin 3 to output a low level signal is controlled by controlling the discharge time of the second capacitor C3.
In an embodiment of the application, the 555 timer further includes a DIS pin, the fourth resistor is an adjustable resistor, the fourth resistor further includes an adjusting terminal, the adjusting terminal is connected to the DIS pin, and the adjusting terminal is connected to the anode of the first diode. In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the charging time of the second capacitor C3 is T Charging device ＝0.7×R A X C3, discharge time of the second capacitor C3 is T Put ＝0.7×R B X C3, and the oscillation period of the duty ratio adjustable rectangular wave is T ═ T Charging device +T Put The duty ratio of the rectangular wave with adjustable duty ratio is
The charging time of the second capacitor C3 can be controlled by controlling the duty ratio of the rectangular wave with the adjustable duty ratio, so that the time of outputting a high-level signal by the OUT pin 3 can be controlled, the voltage at the two ends of the capacitor C1 can be controlled, namely, the rotating speed of the motor B1 can be controlled, and the rotating speed of the motor B1 can be controlled by controlling the duty ratio of the rectangular wave with the adjustable duty ratio.
When necessary, R is A Is the sum of the resistance from the adjustment end of the fourth resistor R4 to the first fixed resistance end and the resistance of the third resistor R3, R B Is the sum of the resistance from the adjusting terminal of the fourth resistor R4 to the second fixed-resistance terminal and the resistance of the fifth resistor R5, so that R can be adjusted by adjusting the resistance of the fourth resistor R4 A Resistance value and R B The duty ratio of the rectangular wave with the adjustable duty ratio can be adjusted by adjusting the resistance of the fourth resistor R4.
In an embodiment of the present application, the 555 timer further includes an RET pin, a GND pin, and a VCC pin, the RET pin is connected to a positive electrode of the power supply, the GND pin is connected to a negative electrode of the power supply, and the VCC pin is connected to a positive electrode of the power supply. In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the positive electrode of the power supply VCC supplies power to the 555 timer U1 through the VCC pin 8, the 555 timer U1 is connected to the negative electrode GND of the power supply VCC through the GND pin 1, so as to ensure that the 555 timer U1 normally works, and the RET pin 4 is connected to the positive electrode of the power supply, so as to avoid false triggering.
According to an embodiment of the present application, there is provided a motor, including a motor speed adjusting device, the speed adjusting device being any one of the speed adjusting devices. In this embodiment, the motor is a direct current motor, and the motor speed adjusting device of this motor has characteristics of small volume and low cost while realizing the simple speed adjusting function of the direct current motor, and can simplify the circuit and improve the reliability while reducing the cost.
According to an embodiment of the present application, a vehicle is provided, where the vehicle includes the above-mentioned motor, and in this embodiment, the above-mentioned motor is a direct current motor with low requirement on speed regulation accuracy in the above-mentioned vehicle, and the above-mentioned motor speed regulation device of the motor is suitable for speed regulation of a direct current motor in an application where the requirement on speed regulation accuracy of a direct current motor is not high in a vehicle, such as in the fields of equipment heat dissipation, ventilation in a vehicle cabin, and the like.
From the above description, it can be seen that the above-described embodiments of the present application achieve the following technical effects:
1) in the motor speed adjusting device of this application, include: a power source; a capacitor, one end of which is connected with the positive pole of the motor, the other end of which is connected with the negative pole of the power supply, and the negative pole of which is connected with the negative pole of the power supply; a switching circuit including a first terminal and a second terminal, the first terminal being connected to a positive terminal of the power supply, the second terminal being connected to a positive terminal of the motor; and the waveform generator is connected with the switching circuit through a lead, and is used for outputting a rectangular wave with adjustable duty ratio, wherein the rectangular wave with adjustable duty ratio comprises a high level signal and a low level signal, the high level signal is used for controlling the switching circuit to be switched on, and the low level signal is used for controlling the switching circuit to be switched off. The device controls the time of outputting a high level signal, namely the time of controlling the conduction of a switching circuit, by controlling the duty ratio of a rectangular wave with adjustable duty ratio output by a waveform generator, and further controls the time of charging a capacitor by a power supply, namely the voltage at two ends of the motor, so as to control the rotating speed of the motor.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (11)
1. A motor speed adjustment device, comprising:
a power source;
one end of the capacitor is connected with the positive electrode of the motor, the other end of the capacitor is connected with the negative electrode of the power supply, and the negative electrode of the motor is connected with the negative electrode of the power supply;
the switching circuit comprises a first end and a second end, the first end is connected with the positive pole of the power supply, and the second end is connected with the positive pole of the motor;
the waveform generator is connected with the switching circuit through a lead, the waveform generator is used for outputting rectangular waves with adjustable duty ratios, the rectangular waves with the adjustable duty ratios comprise high level signals and low level signals, the high level signals are used for controlling the switching circuit to be switched on, and the low level signals are used for controlling the switching circuit to be switched off.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the switching circuit comprises a first switching circuit and a second switching circuit, the first switching circuit to control the second switching circuit to turn on and off.
3. The apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the first switch circuit comprises a first resistor, a first transistor, and a second resistor, the first transistor comprises a first source, a first gate, and a first drain, one end of the first resistor is connected to one end of the second resistor, the other end of the first resistor is connected to the first source, the other end of the second resistor is connected to the positive electrode of the power supply, the first gate is connected to the waveform generator, and the first drain is connected to the negative electrode of the power supply.
4. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the second switching circuit comprises a second transistor comprising a second source connected to the positive terminal of the power supply, a second gate connected to a common terminal of the first resistor and the second resistor, and a second drain connected to the positive terminal of the motor.
5. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the first transistor is an N-type MOSFET transistor and the second transistor is a P-type MOSFET transistor.
6. The device of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the power source is a DC power source.
7. The apparatus of any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the waveform generator comprises a power supply, a 555 timer, a third resistor, a fourth resistor, a fifth resistor, a first diode, a second diode, a first capacitor and a second capacitor, and the 555 timer comprises: the fourth resistor comprises a first fixed resistance end and a second fixed resistance end, one end of the third resistor is connected with the anode of the power supply, the other end of the third resistor is connected with the first fixed resistance end, one end of the fifth resistor is connected with the second fixed resistance end, the other end of the fifth resistor is connected with the cathode of the second diode, the anode of the second diode is connected with the cathode of the first diode, the cathode of the first diode is connected with the TH pin, the cathode of the first diode is connected with the TR pin, one end of the second capacitor is connected with the anode of the second diode, the other end of the second capacitor is connected with the cathode of the power supply, and one end of the first capacitor is connected with the CO pin, the other end of the first capacitor is connected with the negative electrode of the power supply, the OUT pin is used for outputting the high-level signal when the TR pin inputs a low-level signal, and the OUT pin is used for outputting the low-level signal when the TH pin inputs a high-level signal.
8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the 555 timer further comprises a DIS pin, wherein the fourth resistor is an adjustable resistor, wherein the fourth resistor further comprises an adjustment terminal, wherein the adjustment terminal is connected to the DIS pin, and wherein the adjustment terminal is connected to the positive electrode of the first diode.
9. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the 555 timer further comprises an RET pin, a GND pin and a VCC pin, the RET pin being connected with a positive pole of the power supply, the GND pin being connected with a negative pole of the power supply, the VCC pin being connected with a positive pole of the power supply.
10. An electric machine comprising a motor speed regulation device, wherein the speed regulation device is as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9.
11. A vehicle comprising an electric machine, characterized in that the electric machine is an electric machine according to claim 10.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202220961895.5U CN217362941U (en) | 2022-04-22 | 2022-04-22 | Motor speed adjusting device, motor and vehicle |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202220961895.5U CN217362941U (en) | 2022-04-22 | 2022-04-22 | Motor speed adjusting device, motor and vehicle |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN217362941U true CN217362941U (en) | 2022-09-02 |
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| CN202220961895.5U Active CN217362941U (en) | 2022-04-22 | 2022-04-22 | Motor speed adjusting device, motor and vehicle |
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| CN (1) | CN217362941U (en) |
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