CN216133719U - Surge protection device and thermal protection type metal oxide varistor - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses a surge protection device and a thermal protection type metal oxide piezoresistor. The surge protection device includes: a metal oxide varistor comprising an electrode; a spring disposed adjacent the metal oxide varistor, the spring comprising a contact pin coupled to the electrode by a solder paste; an arc barrier disposed adjacent to the spring, the arc barrier sliding over the electrode in response to the solder paste melting; a magnet disposed on the arc barrier, the magnet moving simultaneously with the arc barrier; and a sensor for providing an indication, wherein the magnet is proximate to the sensor in response to the arc barrier sliding over the electrode.

Description

Surge protection device and thermal protection type metal oxide varistor

Technical Field

Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to Metal Oxide Varistors (MOVs), and more particularly, to surge protection devices including MOVs.

Background

Surge Protection Devices (SPDs) are used to protect electronic circuits and components from damage due to over-voltage fault conditions. Some SPDs may include a Metal Oxide Varistor (MOV) connected between the circuit to be protected and ground. MOVs have specific current-voltage characteristics that allow them to be used to protect such circuits from catastrophic voltage surges. Some SPDs utilize a spring element welded to the electrode of the MOV. When an abnormal condition occurs, the solder melts and the spring moves, resulting in an open circuit. In particular, when the voltage is greater than the rated or threshold voltage applied to the device, current flows through the MOV, thereby generating heat. This may cause the link elements to melt. Once the link melts, an open circuit is formed, which prevents the MOV from catching fire.

An SPD, i.e., a thermally protected metal oxide varistor (TMOV), does not have a remote monitoring status indication to show whether its thermal fuse is on during normal operation. This lack of indication of status makes it unclear whether the TMOV is functioning. Therefore, replacement of an inoperative TMOV may be delayed, putting equipment protected by TMOV surges at risk.

In view of these and other considerations, the present improvements may be useful.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

This summary is provided to introduce a selection of concepts in a simplified form that are further described below in the detailed description. This summary is not intended to identify key or essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended as an aid in determining the scope of the claimed subject matter.

An exemplary embodiment of a surge protection device according to the present disclosure may include: a Metal Oxide Varistor (MOV) having electrodes; a spring adjacent the MOV and having a contact pin connected to the electrode by solder paste; an arc barrier adjacent the spring that slides over the electrode in response to the solder paste melting; a magnet on the arc barrier that moves in synchronization with the arc barrier; and a sensor providing an indication that the magnet is proximate to the sensor once the arc barrier slides over the electrode.

An exemplary embodiment of a thermally protected metal oxide varistor (TMOV) according to the present disclosure may include a Metal Oxide Varistor (MOV) having an electrode, a spring adjacent the MOV, an arc barrier adjacent the spring, a magnet located on the arc barrier, and a reed switch. The spring has contact pins that are connected to the electrodes using solder paste. The arc barrier includes a tension spring that slides the arc barrier over the electrode once the solder paste melts. The magnet moves simultaneously with the arc barrier. The reed switch has two blades and the magnet is in close proximity to the reed switch when the arc barrier is over the electrode.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a thermally protected metal oxide varistor according to the prior art;

2A-2D are diagrams illustrating a thermally protected metal oxide varistor according to an exemplary embodiment; and

FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a thermally protected metal oxide varistor state system in accordance with an illustrative embodiment.

Detailed Description

A novel thermally protected metal oxide varistor (TMOV) and TMOV state system is disclosed. The TMOV has a sensor and one or more magnets. One or more magnets are connected to the arc barrier. Upon a fault condition, the arc barrier slips to protect the MOV, causing one or more magnets to approach the sensor, thereby providing an indication. When the sensor is a reed switch, the indication is the closing of the switch. The TMOV status system includes reporting circuitry for receiving indications from the sensors and issuing signals, which may be visual or audible, that enable a technician to repair or replace the TMOV following a fault event.

Fig. 1 is a representative view of a Surge Protection Device (SPD) known as a thermally protected metal oxide varistor (TMOV)100 according to the prior art. The TMOV 100 includes a housing 102, a spring 104, an arc barrier 106, an MOV 108, a first pin 110 and a second pin 112. MOV 108 (which may be epoxy coated) includes an electrode 114, which in this example electrode 114 is circular. The spring 104 and the second pin 112 may optionally be formed as a single conductive sheet and include a contact pin 116. Contact pin 116 of spring 104 is soldered to electrode 114 of MOV 108.

During assembly, solder paste is placed between contact pin 116 and electrode 114 of MOV 108. After reflow, the solder paste becomes solid, forming an electrical connection between the spring 104 and the electrode 114 of MOV 108. When a fault condition occurs, the solder melts due to overheating caused by the fault condition, thereby breaking the connection between the spring 104 and the electrode 114.

In the diagram of fig. 1, the TMOV 100 is not "tripped". Thus, arc barrier 106 is not disposed directly on or above electrode 114 of MOV 108. In the event of a fault event, a tension spring (not shown) connected to the arc barrier 106 causes the arc barrier to move over the electrode 114 and ensure reliable electrical isolation. Thus, arc barrier 106 is a slider device that protects MOV 108 from fire. In addition, the solder paste connecting the contact pin 116 and the electrode 114 melts, causing the spring 104 to move away from the electrode, creating an open circuit. Once the contact pin 116 is no longer attached to the electrode 114, the spring of the arc barrier 106 pushes the arc barrier over the electrode, while the arc barrier pushes the contact pin 116 further away from the electrode. Generally, solder paste is used to electrically connect the contact pins 116 to the electrodes 114 of the MOV 108, which has a lower melting point relative to the other components of the TMOV 100. Thus, the solder will melt before the arc can ignite the MOV 108, and the arc barrier 106 provides a shield to the electrode 114.

Conventional TMOV devices lack a remote monitor to indicate whether the TMOV has been activated as described above. Once the solder melts, an open circuit results because there is no longer a connection between electrode 114 of MOV 108 and pin 112 of spring 104. Thus, the occurrence of a fault event means that the TMOV should be replaced or repaired, sliding the arc barrier 106 back to its original position, and the contact pin 116 reattached to the electrode 114. Without some indication, the TMOV protected circuit would be at risk.

Fig. 2A-2D are representative diagrams of a novel TMOV 200 that addresses the above-mentioned deficiencies in accordance with an exemplary embodiment. Fig. 2A is a top view of the TMOV 200, fig. 2B is a perspective view of the TMOV, and fig. 2C and 2D are perspective views of the TMOV housing. The TMOV 200 includes a housing 202, a spring 204, an arc barrier 206, an MOV 208, a first pin 210 and a second pin 212. MOV 208 (which may be epoxy coated) includes an electrode 214 which in this example is circular. The spring 204 and the second pin 212 may optionally be formed as a single conductive sheet and include a contact pin 216. Contact pin 216 of spring 204 is soldered to electrode 214 of MOV 208.

During assembly, solder paste is placed between the contact pin 216 and the electrode 214 of the MOV 208. After reflow, the solder paste becomes solid, forming an electrical connection between the spring 204 and the electrode 214 of the MOV 208. When a fault condition occurs, the solder melts due to overheating caused by the fault condition, thereby breaking the connection between the spring 204 and the electrode 214.

The arc barrier 206 is visible in both fig. 2A and 2B. When a fault event occurs, a tension spring 232 (one of which is shown in fig. 2B) connected to either side of the arc barrier 206 slides the barrier arc over the electrode 214 to ensure reliable electrical isolation. The arc barrier 206 thus protects the MOV 208 from fire. In addition, the solder paste connecting contact pin 216 to electrode 214 melts, causing spring 204 to move away from the electrode, creating an open circuit. Once the contact pin 216 is no longer attached to the electrode 214 (as shown in fig. 2B), the tension spring 232 pushes the arc barrier 206 over the electrode, while the arc barrier will push the contact pin 216 further away (upward in fig. 2B) from the electrode. Generally, the solder paste used to electrically connect the contact pin 216 to the electrode 214 of the MOV 208 has a lower melting point relative to the other components of the TMOV 200. Thus, the solder melts before the arc can ignite the MOV 208, and the arc barrier 206 provides a shield to the electrode 214.

The arc barrier 206 is visible in both fig. 2A and 2B. In the exemplary embodiment, arc barrier 206 is fitted with two magnets 226a and 226b (collectively "magnets 226"). The magnet 226a is disposed on the arc barrier 206 on one side of the spring 204, and the magnet 228b is disposed on the arc barrier on an opposite, second side of the spring. In an exemplary embodiment, once the arc barrier 206 slides over the electrode 214 of the MOV 208 in response to a fault event, the magnet 228 slides with the arc barrier. For example, in the illustration of fig. 2A, in a non-fault condition of the TMOV 200, the arc barrier 206 is substantially to the left of the electrode 214, while in a fault condition of the TMOV 200, the arc barrier 206 may slide to the right, covering the electrode. Due to the disposition of the magnet 228 on the arc barrier 206, the magnet 228 will also slide to the right, and thus closer to the sensor 220 in a fault condition of the TMOV 200. In an exemplary embodiment, the proximity of the magnet 228 to the sensor 220 activates the sensor. In an exemplary embodiment, the TMOV 200 is implemented with a single magnet disposed on one side of the arc barrier 206.

In an exemplary embodiment, the sensor 220 is a status indication device integrated into the TMOV 200. In a non-limiting example, the sensor 220 is cylindrical in shape having opposite ends, each end connected to a wire. One end of the sensor is connected to lead 222a and a second end of the sensor is connected to lead 222b (collectively "leads 222") for connecting the sensor to an indicator circuit. In an exemplary embodiment, the sensor 220 is located in a housing 230 (fig. 2C) of the TMOV 200, wherein the housing includes an opening 234 through which the lead 222 passes so as to be external to the TMOV and attachable to the indicating circuitry. In another embodiment, the sensor 220 is attached to the housing 230.

In the exemplary embodiment, sensor 220 is a magnetic sensor known as a reed switch. A reed switch is an electrical switch operated by an applied magnetic field. The flexible metal contact at either end of the reed switch housing is connected to the circuit. In the absence of a magnetic field, the reed switch is in the open position. When a magnetic field is present, the metal contacts contact each other, thereby closing the switch. In an exemplary embodiment, the magnetic field that activates the sensor 220 is achieved by a magnet 228 attached to the arc barrier 206. Acting as a reed switch, when the sensor 220 is activated by the magnet 228, it closes the circuit to which the lead 222 is connected. And the circuit is turned on.

In an exemplary embodiment, the housing 202 and the shell 230 are a "snap-fit design" in which the housing slides into the shell as if the two portions of the snap were connected. Once the housing 202 is installed in the enclosure 230, the MOV 208 is disposed between the sensor 220 and the enclosure 230, as shown in fig. 2A. Thus, the sensor 220 is disposed adjacent to, and in some embodiments on, the coating of the MOV 208. In another embodiment, the sensor 220 is secured to the housing of the TMOV 200.

In the exemplary embodiment, although proximate to electrode 214, sensor 220 is not adversely affected by heating of electrode 214 during a fault event. In one embodiment, the epoxy or other coating of the MOV 208 isolates the sensor 220. In another embodiment, the sensor 220 itself is protected by a coating (such as a cylindrical glass tube) around its body. Thus, once the electrode 214 of MOV 208 heats up in response to a fault condition, the sensor 220 continues to function.

In the non-limiting example of fig. 2A and 2B, the magnets 226 are shown as triangular magnets. In some embodiments, the magnet 226 is square or rectangular in shape. In other embodiments, the magnet is circular or cylindrical. In other embodiments, the magnets are irregularly shaped. In an exemplary embodiment, the magnet 226 provides a magnetic field that triggers the sensor 220 when proximate to the sensor 220, thereby closing a circuit to which the sensor is connected.

In an exemplary embodiment, the sensor 220 is a status indicator device to remotely monitor whether the TMOV 200 is functional. Once the TMOV 200 enters a fault state, the solder attaching the contact pin 216 of the spring 204 to the electrode 214 of the MOV 208 melts, resulting in an open circuit. Thus, the TMOV 200 in this state no longer functions properly. In other words, once the solder connecting the spring 204 to the MOV 208 melts, the TMOV 200 is thermally disconnected from the circuit and is no longer functional. When the TMOV 200 is thermally disconnected from the circuit, the tension spring 232 will urge the arc barrier 206 to move over the electrode 214 to ensure reliable electrical isolation. A thermally open TMOV cannot provide fault protection for the connected circuit. The sliding operation of the arc barrier 206 caused by the tension spring 232 provides electrical isolation of the MOV 208 from arcing events. The two magnets 226 mounted on the sliding arc barrier 206 move closer to the sensor 220 during a sliding operation as compared to the prior art TMOV 100 (fig. 1). For reed switch embodiments, the blades in the reed switch change from open (not connected) to closed (connected) when the magnetic field strength is sufficiently large. In an exemplary embodiment, the presence of the magnet 226 proximate to the sensor 220 informs the reporting circuit. When the sensor 220 is a reed switch, the closure of the switch provides notification that the TMOV 200 is no longer operating. In this way, the functionality of the TMOV 200 may be determined remotely.

Fig. 3 is a representative diagram of a TMOV state system 300 in accordance with an example embodiment. The TMOV state system 300 has the features of the TMOV 200 of fig. 2A-2D, including the sensor 220 and the magnets 226a and 226 b. In the exemplary embodiment, once magnets 226a and 226b are in proximity to the sensor, reporting circuitry 302 receives indication 304 from sensor 220, as described above. As one example, the indication 304 may be a signal. Wherein when sensor 220 is a reed switch, the closing of the switch provides indication 304 by closing the circuit formed by the reed switch and indication circuit 302. In response to receiving indication 304, reporting circuitry 302 may issue signal 306. In one embodiment, the reporting circuit 302 is remote from the TMOV 200.

In the exemplary embodiment, conductors 222a and 222b of sensor 220 are coupled to reporting circuitry 302 such that indication 304 can be transmitted to the reporting circuitry. Wherein the indication 304 is simply the closing of a circuit between the sensor and the reporting circuit 302 when the sensor 220 is a reed switch. In the exemplary embodiment, reporting circuitry 302 indicates that TMOV 200 is in an inactive state via signal 306. Thus, in the exemplary embodiment, signal 306 is a real-time signal indicative of the operating state of TMOV 200.

In one embodiment, the reporting circuitry 302 is software-based, including a processor and software, to receive the signal 306 indicating 304 and issue the TMOV 200 status. In another embodiment, the reporting circuitry 302 is hardware-based, including circuitry to receive the indication 304 and provide notification of the TMOV 200 status via signal 306. In yet another embodiment, reporting circuitry 302 includes a mix of software and hardware based components for receiving indication 304 and issuing signal 306.

In one embodiment, reporting circuitry 302 is coupled to a monitor having a Graphical User Interface (GUI) such that signal 306 can be transmitted to the monitor and visually received. The GUI presenting signal 306 to the monitor is non-limiting. In another embodiment, signal 306 is a visual indication (without the use of a monitor), such as a Light Emitting Diode (LED) that lights up in response to indication 304 sent by sensor 220. In another embodiment, the signal 306 is an audible indication, such as a speaker that emits an audible sound in response to the indication 304 sent by the sensor 220. In an exemplary embodiment, the TMOV state system 300 provides a remote mechanism for acquiring the state of the TMOV 200 (via indication 304) and communicating the state (via signal 306). Thus, the signal 306 enables an individual to remove, replace, or repair the TMOV 200.

In the exemplary embodiment, the novel TMOV 200 and TMOV state system 300 provide several advantages. A real-time indication 304, which in some embodiments is the closing of a circuit between the sensor 220 and the reporting circuit 302, is provided to indicate the operational status of the TMOV 200. Thus, remote monitoring of the TMOV 200 is possible. The integrated sensor 220 is capable of switching the reporting circuit 302. The integration of the magnet 226 with the arc barrier 206 structure provides a simple update, enabling the sensor 220 to be activated at the desired moment (i.e., when the solder melts and the TMOV becomes an open circuit that is no longer functional). Thus, the magnet 226 moves with the arc barrier 206. In other words, the magnet 226 moves simultaneously with the arc barrier 206. In addition, the magnetic triggering method has strong anti-interference capability in the application of ultrahigh voltage. During operation of the TMOV 200, the electrode 214, MOV 208 and contact pin 216 are electrically charged components. Thus, in ultra-high voltage applications, arcing may occur between the contact pin and the electrode. Such arcing may lead to false triggering of the reporting circuit. Thus, the magnetic approach of the novel TMOV state system 300 without any component contact is a more tamper-resistant approach than the touch (push or push) triggering approach. In addition, the novel TMOV 200 and TMOV state system 300 are less expensive to implement and provide greater accuracy.

As used herein, an element or step recited in the singular and proceeded with the word "a" or "an" should be understood as not excluding plural elements or steps, unless such exclusion is explicitly recited. Furthermore, references to "one embodiment" of the present disclosure are not intended to be interpreted as excluding the existence of additional embodiments that also incorporate the recited features.

While the present disclosure makes reference to certain embodiments, numerous modifications, alterations, and changes to the described embodiments are possible without departing from the scope and ambit of the present disclosure, as defined in the appended one or more claims. Therefore, it is intended that the disclosure not be limited to the described embodiments, but that it have the full scope defined by the language of the claims, and the equivalents thereof.

Claims (12)

1. A surge protection device, comprising:

a metal oxide varistor comprising an electrode;

a spring disposed adjacent the metal oxide varistor, the spring comprising a contact pin coupled to the electrode by a solder paste;

an arc barrier disposed adjacent to the spring, the arc barrier sliding over the electrode in response to the solder paste melting;

a magnet disposed on the arc barrier, the magnet moving simultaneously with the arc barrier; and

a sensor for providing an indication, wherein the magnet is proximate to the sensor in response to the arc barrier sliding over the electrode.

2. The surge protection device of claim 1, wherein the spring moves away from the metal oxide varistor in response to the solder paste melting.

3. The surge protection device of claim 1, wherein the sensor is adjacent to the metal oxide varistor.

4. The surge protection device of claim 1, further comprising a housing, wherein the sensor is coupled to the housing.

5. The surge protection device of claim 1, wherein the arc barrier further comprises a tension spring, wherein the tension spring causes the arc barrier to slide over the electrode.

6. The surge protection device of claim 1, wherein the sensor is a reed switch.

7. The surge protection device of claim 6, wherein the indication is the reed switch closing.

8. The surge protection device of claim 1, wherein the sensor is coupled to a reporting circuit.

9. The surge protection device of claim 1, wherein the metal oxide varistor is a thermally protected metal oxide varistor.

10. A thermally protected metal oxide varistor, comprising:

a metal oxide varistor comprising an electrode;

a spring disposed adjacent the metal oxide varistor, the spring comprising a contact pin coupled to the electrode by a solder paste;

an arc barrier disposed adjacent to the spring, the arc barrier including a tension spring that causes the arc barrier to slide over the electrode in response to the solder paste melting;

a magnet disposed on the arc barrier, the magnet moving simultaneously with the arc barrier; and

a reed switch comprising a first blade and a second blade, wherein the magnet is proximate to the reed switch in response to the arc barrier moving over the electrode.

11. The thermally protected metal oxide varistor of claim 10, wherein the first leaf couples with the second leaf in response to the magnet approaching the reed switch.

12. The thermally protected metal oxide varistor of claim 11, further comprising:

a housing for housing the metal oxide varistor, the spring, the arc barrier and the magnet; and

a housing for mounting around the housing, wherein the reed switch is coupled to the housing.

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