CN214278392U - Circuit breaker divide-shut brake monitoring circuit and circuit breaker - Google Patents
Circuit breaker divide-shut brake monitoring circuit and circuit breaker Download PDFInfo
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- CN214278392U CN214278392U CN202023100919.8U CN202023100919U CN214278392U CN 214278392 U CN214278392 U CN 214278392U CN 202023100919 U CN202023100919 U CN 202023100919U CN 214278392 U CN214278392 U CN 214278392U
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Abstract
The utility model relates to a circuit breaker divide-shut brake monitoring circuit and circuit breaker, including optical coupler, current limiting resistor, pull-up resistance and MCU the control unit; one input end of a primary loop of the optical coupler is connected with a live wire at the rear end of the circuit breaker through the current-limiting resistor, and the other input end of the primary loop of the optical coupler is connected with a zero line at the rear end of the circuit breaker; one output end of the secondary loop of the optical coupler is connected with a direct current power supply through the pull-up resistor; the output end of the secondary circuit of the optical coupler is further connected with the MCU control unit, and the MCU control unit monitors the opening and closing state of the circuit breaker based on the output of the output end. The utility model discloses can avoid mechanical switch wearing and tearing and electromagnetic interference's defect, effectively, reliably and realize the monitoring of circuit breaker switching-on and switching-off state steadily.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a circuit breaker technical field, especially a circuit breaker divide-shut brake monitoring circuit and circuit breaker.
Background
Circuit breakers, particularly intelligent circuit breakers, have become more and more widely used as protection devices for the front end of electrical equipment. However, the existing intelligent circuit breakers in the market generally have some technical defects, which are mainly reflected in that the opening and closing state monitoring of the intelligent circuit breaker is generally realized by adopting modes such as a microswitch or a hall sensor. Because the micro-gap switch is a mechanical switch, the micro-gap switch is worn or stuck due to frequent use, and the state of the circuit breaker cannot be accurately monitored. Although the hall sensor mode is adopted, the defect of a mechanical switch can be overcome, the hall sensor is an electromagnetic element, so that the hall sensor is easily influenced by a surrounding magnetic field to generate misoperation, and in addition, the hall sensor is required, and a magnetic element for generating the magnetic field is also required to be added, so that the element cost and the deployment cost are increased.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The utility model discloses a main aim at provides a circuit breaker divide-shut brake monitoring circuit and circuit breaker, can avoid mechanical switch wearing and tearing and electromagnetic interference's defect, effectively, reliably and realize the monitoring of circuit breaker close-shut brake state steadily.
The utility model adopts the following technical scheme:
on one hand, the circuit breaker opening and closing monitoring circuit comprises an optical coupler, a current limiting resistor, a pull-up resistor and an MCU (microprogrammed control Unit); one input end of a primary loop of the optical coupler is connected with a live wire at the rear end of the circuit breaker through the current-limiting resistor, and the other input end of the primary loop of the optical coupler is connected with a zero line at the rear end of the circuit breaker; one output end of the secondary loop of the optical coupler is connected with a direct current power supply through the pull-up resistor; the output end of the secondary circuit of the optical coupler is further connected with the MCU control unit, and the MCU control unit monitors the opening and closing state of the circuit breaker based on the output of the output end.
Preferably, the optical coupler is a unidirectional optical coupler.
Preferably, the optical coupler is a bidirectional optical coupler.
Preferably, the current limiting resistor comprises one.
Preferably, the current limiting resistors comprise two or more; two or more current-limiting resistors are connected in series.
Preferably, one of the current limiting resistors is a PTC thermistor.
Preferably, the circuit breaker opening and closing monitoring circuit further comprises a capacitor; the capacitor is arranged between two output ends of the secondary loop of the optical coupler.
In another aspect, the circuit breaker comprises the circuit breaker opening and closing monitoring circuit.
Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the utility model are as follows:
(1) when the circuit breaker is in a closing state, the utility model can lead the phototriode of the optical coupler to be conducted and output a low level signal to the MCU control unit; when the circuit breaker is in a brake-off state, a phototriode of the optical coupler can be cut off, the rear end of the optical coupler is pulled high through a pull-up resistor, and a high-level signal is output to the MCU control unit; the MCU control unit monitors the opening and closing state of the circuit breaker according to the high and low levels of the output end of the optical coupler; the monitoring is effective, reliable and stable, and the element cost is relatively low;
(2) the optical coupler of the utility model can play an isolation role, so that when the breaker is opened, the front and rear end circuits can be completely disconnected to protect the rear end equipment;
(3) the current-limiting resistor of the utility model can comprise a plurality of series-connected resistors; the use of multiple resistors can greatly reduce the power required by each, thereby reducing the packaging of the resistors;
(4) the utility model discloses a current-limiting resistor can include PTC thermistor, plays the undulant or thunderbolt surge current limiting effect to the electric wire netting, can protect the optical coupler, avoids damaging because of overflowing.
The above description is only an overview of the technical solutions of the present invention, and in order to make the technical means of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention can be implemented according to the content of the description, and in order to make the above and other objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more obvious and understandable, the following description lists the embodiments of the present invention.
The above and other objects, advantages and features of the present invention will become more apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detailed description of specific embodiments thereof, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a circuit diagram of a first embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a circuit diagram of a second embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a circuit diagram of a third embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a circuit diagram of a fourth embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a circuit diagram of a fifth embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a circuit diagram of a sixth embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solution and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the following description is given with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments,
the present invention will be described in further detail. It should be understood that the embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
For simplicity and clarity of description, the aspects of the present invention are described below by describing several representative embodiments. Numerous details of the embodiments are set forth to provide an understanding of the principles of the invention. It is clear, however, that the solution according to the invention can be implemented without being limited to these details. Some embodiments are not described in detail, but rather only to give a framework, in order to avoid unnecessarily obscuring aspects of the present invention. Hereinafter, "including" means "including but not limited to", "according to … …" means "at least according to … …, but not limited to … … only". In view of the language convention of chinese, the following description, when it does not specifically state the number of a component, means that the component may be one or more, or may be understood as at least one.
Example one
Referring to fig. 1, the utility model relates to a circuit breaker divide-shut brake monitoring circuit, including optical coupler U1, current limiting resistor, pull-up resistor R5 and MCU the control unit; one input end of a primary loop of the optical coupler U1 is connected with a live wire at the rear end of the circuit breaker through the current-limiting resistor, and the other input end of the primary loop of the optical coupler U1 is connected with a zero wire at the rear end of the circuit breaker; an output end of the secondary loop of the optocoupler U1 is connected with a direct-current power supply through the pull-up resistor R5; the output end of the secondary circuit of the optical coupler U1 is further connected with the MCU control unit, and the MCU control unit monitors the opening and closing state of the circuit breaker based on the output of the output end.
In this embodiment, the optical coupler U1 is a unidirectional optical coupler. The unidirectional optocoupler comprises a diode and a phototriode.
The current limiting resistor comprises one.
The circuit breaker opening and closing monitoring circuit also comprises a capacitor C1; the capacitor C1 is disposed between two output terminals of the secondary loop of the optocoupler U1.
In this embodiment, because the optical coupler U1 is a unidirectional optocoupler and the front end is an alternating current, when the circuit breaker is switched on, a phototriode of the unidirectional optocoupler is in a state of being turned on for a period of time and being turned off for a period of time, and a corresponding signal output to the MCU control unit is in a square wave form. Therefore, the MCU control unit judges whether the circuit breaker is in a closing state or not by judging whether the input end is square wave information of a preset period or not.
In this embodiment, when the circuit breaker is opened, the circuit breaker is preceding, the rear end disconnection, phase line L, N does not have voltage, current-limiting resistor R1 and front end (1, 2) of unidirectional opto-coupler do not have the current and pass, unidirectional opto-coupler rear end (3, 4) transistor is stopped, and 4 feet in unidirectional opto-coupler rear end pull up DC power supply VCC through pull-up resistor R5, make unidirectional opto-coupler rear end 4 pulled high, MCU control unit's IO pin detects the input when being high level always in the length of predetermineeing, judge that the circuit breaker is in the state of opening.
The utility model relates to a circuit breaker, include circuit breaker divide-shut brake monitoring circuit, can avoid mechanical switch wearing and tearing and electromagnetic interference's defect, effectively, reliably and realize the monitoring of circuit breaker on-off state steadily.
Example two
Referring to fig. 2, the utility model relates to a circuit breaker divide-shut brake monitoring circuit, including optical coupler U1, current limiting resistor, pull-up resistor R5 and MCU the control unit; one input end of a primary loop of the optical coupler U1 is connected with a live wire at the rear end of the circuit breaker through the current-limiting resistor, and the other input end of the primary loop of the optical coupler U1 is connected with a zero wire at the rear end of the circuit breaker; an output end of the secondary loop of the optocoupler U1 is connected with a direct-current power supply through the pull-up resistor R5; the output end of the secondary circuit of the optical coupler U1 is further connected with the MCU control unit, and the MCU control unit monitors the opening and closing state of the circuit breaker based on the output of the output end.
In this embodiment, the optical coupler U1 is a bidirectional optical coupler. The bidirectional optocoupler comprises two reverse diodes and a phototriode.
The current limiting resistor comprises one.
The circuit breaker opening and closing monitoring circuit also comprises a capacitor C1; the capacitor C1 is disposed between two output terminals of the secondary loop of the optocoupler U1.
In this embodiment, because optical coupler U1 is the two-way opto-coupler, consequently, when the circuit breaker closed a floodgate, the circuit breaker was preceding, the rear end is connected, phase line L, N electric current passes through current-limiting resistor R1 and two-way opto-coupler's front end (1, 2) and flows through for two-way opto-coupler rear end (3, 4) phototriode switches on, 4 foot voltages in opto-coupler rear end are drawn down, when MCU the control unit's IO pin detected low level signal, judge that the circuit breaker is in the state of closing a floodgate.
In this embodiment, when the circuit breaker is opened, the circuit breaker is preceding, the rear end disconnection, phase line L, N does not have voltage, current-limiting resistor R1 and two-way opto-coupler's front end (1, 2) do not have the current and flow through, two-way opto-coupler rear end (3, 4) phototriode is ended, and 4 feet in two-way opto-coupler rear end pull up DC power supply VCC through pull-up resistor R5, make optical coupler U1 rear end 4 pulled up, when MCU the IO pin detected high level signal, judge that the circuit breaker is in the combined floodgate state.
The utility model relates to a circuit breaker, include circuit breaker divide-shut brake monitoring circuit, can avoid mechanical switch wearing and tearing and electromagnetic interference's defect, effectively, reliably and realize the monitoring of circuit breaker on-off state steadily.
EXAMPLE III
Referring to fig. 3, the utility model relates to a circuit breaker divide-shut brake monitoring circuit, including optical coupler U1, current limiting resistor, pull-up resistor R5 and MCU the control unit; one input end of a primary loop of the optical coupler U1 is connected with a live wire at the rear end of the circuit breaker through the current-limiting resistor, and the other input end of the primary loop of the optical coupler U1 is connected with a zero wire at the rear end of the circuit breaker; an output end of the secondary loop of the optocoupler U1 is connected with a direct-current power supply through the pull-up resistor R5; the output end of the secondary circuit of the optical coupler U1 is further connected with the MCU control unit, and the MCU control unit monitors the opening and closing state of the circuit breaker based on the output of the output end.
In this embodiment, the optical coupler U1 is a unidirectional optical coupler. The unidirectional optocoupler comprises a diode and a phototriode.
The current limiting resistors comprise two or more than two; two or more current-limiting resistors are connected in series. The use of multiple resistors can greatly reduce the power required for each, thereby reducing the packaging of the resistors. In this embodiment, the current limiting resistors include four resistors.
The circuit breaker opening and closing monitoring circuit also comprises a capacitor C1; the capacitor C1 is disposed between two output terminals of the secondary loop of the optocoupler U1.
In this embodiment, because the optical coupler U1 is a unidirectional optocoupler and the front end is an alternating current, when the circuit breaker is switched on, a phototriode of the unidirectional optocoupler is in a state of being turned on for a period of time and being turned off for a period of time, and a corresponding signal output to the MCU control unit is in a square wave form. Therefore, the MCU control unit judges whether the circuit breaker is in a closing state or not by judging whether the input end is square wave information of a preset period or not.
In this embodiment, when the circuit breaker is opened, the front end and the rear end of the circuit breaker are disconnected, phase line L, N has no voltage, current-limiting resistor R1, R2, R3, R4 and front end (1, 2) of the unidirectional optical coupler have no current flow, transistor at rear end (3, 4) of the unidirectional optical coupler is cut off, and 4 feet at rear end of the unidirectional optical coupler are pulled up to dc power supply VCC through pull-up resistor R5, so that rear end 4 of the unidirectional optical coupler is pulled up, when an I/O pin of the MCU control unit detects that input is always high level within a preset time, it is determined that the circuit breaker is in an opening state.
The utility model relates to a circuit breaker, include circuit breaker divide-shut brake monitoring circuit, can avoid mechanical switch wearing and tearing and electromagnetic interference's defect, effectively, reliably and realize the monitoring of circuit breaker on-off state steadily.
Example four
Referring to fig. 4, the utility model relates to a circuit breaker divide-shut brake monitoring circuit, including optical coupler U1, current limiting resistor, pull-up resistor R5 and MCU the control unit; one input end of a primary loop of the optical coupler U1 is connected with a live wire at the rear end of the circuit breaker through the current-limiting resistor, and the other input end of the primary loop of the optical coupler U1 is connected with a zero wire at the rear end of the circuit breaker; an output end of the secondary loop of the optocoupler U1 is connected with a direct-current power supply through the pull-up resistor R5; the output end of the secondary circuit of the optical coupler U1 is further connected with the MCU control unit, and the MCU control unit monitors the opening and closing state of the circuit breaker based on the output of the output end.
In this embodiment, the optical coupler U1 is a unidirectional optical coupler. The unidirectional optocoupler comprises a diode and a phototriode.
The current limiting resistors comprise two or more than two; two or more current-limiting resistors are connected in series. The use of multiple resistors can greatly reduce the power required for each, thereby reducing the packaging of the resistors. In this embodiment, the current limiting resistors include four resistors. One of the current limiting resistors is a PTC thermistor (self-healing fuse). The PTC thermistor plays a role in limiting the power grid fluctuation or lightning surge, can protect the optical coupler U1 and avoids damage caused by overcurrent.
The circuit breaker opening and closing monitoring circuit also comprises a capacitor C1; the capacitor C1 is disposed between two output terminals of the secondary loop of the optocoupler U1.
In this embodiment, because the optical coupler U1 is a unidirectional optocoupler and the front end is an alternating current, when the circuit breaker is switched on, a phototriode of the unidirectional optocoupler is in a state of being turned on for a period of time and being turned off for a period of time, and a corresponding signal output to the MCU control unit is in a square wave form. Therefore, the MCU control unit judges whether the circuit breaker is in a closing state or not by judging whether the input end is square wave information of a preset period or not.
In this embodiment, when the circuit breaker is opened, the circuit breaker is preceding, the rear end disconnection, phase line L, N does not have voltage, current-limiting resistor PTC, R2, R3, the front end (1, 2) of R4 and one-way opto-coupler do not have the current to flow, one-way opto-coupler rear end (3, 4) transistor is stopped, and 4 feet in one-way opto-coupler rear end pull up DC power supply VCC through pull-up resistance R5, make one-way opto-coupler rear end 4 pulled up, when MCU the IO pin detects that the input is high level always in the length of predetermineeing, judge that the circuit breaker is in the state of opening.
The utility model relates to a circuit breaker, include circuit breaker divide-shut brake monitoring circuit, can avoid mechanical switch wearing and tearing and electromagnetic interference's defect, effectively, reliably and realize the monitoring of circuit breaker on-off state steadily.
EXAMPLE five
Referring to fig. 5, the utility model relates to a circuit breaker divide-shut brake monitoring circuit, including optical coupler U1, current limiting resistor, pull-up resistor R5 and MCU the control unit; one input end of a primary loop of the optical coupler U1 is connected with a live wire at the rear end of the circuit breaker through the current-limiting resistor, and the other input end of the primary loop of the optical coupler U1 is connected with a zero wire at the rear end of the circuit breaker; an output end of the secondary loop of the optocoupler U1 is connected with a direct-current power supply through the pull-up resistor R5; the output end of the secondary circuit of the optical coupler U1 is further connected with the MCU control unit, and the MCU control unit monitors the opening and closing state of the circuit breaker based on the output of the output end.
In this embodiment, the optical coupler U1 is a bidirectional optical coupler. The bidirectional optocoupler comprises two reverse diodes and a phototriode.
The current limiting resistors comprise two or more than two; two or more current-limiting resistors are connected in series. The use of multiple resistors can greatly reduce the power required for each, thereby reducing the packaging of the resistors. In this embodiment, the current limiting resistors include four resistors.
The circuit breaker opening and closing monitoring circuit also comprises a capacitor C1; the capacitor C1 is disposed between two output terminals of the secondary loop of the optocoupler U1.
In this embodiment, because optical coupler U1 is the two-way opto-coupler, therefore, when the circuit breaker closed, the circuit breaker was preceding, the rear end is connected, phase line L, N electric current passes through current-limiting resistor R1, R2, R3, the front end (1, 2) of R4 and two-way opto-coupler flow through, make two-way opto-coupler rear end (3, 4) phototriode switch on, 4 foot voltages in opto-coupler rear end are drawn down, when MCU the control unit's IO pin detected low level signal, judge that the circuit breaker is in the state of closing.
In this embodiment, when the circuit breaker is opened, the front end and the rear end of the circuit breaker are disconnected, phase line L, N has no voltage, current-limiting resistor R1, R2, R3, R4 and the front end (1, 2) of the bidirectional optocoupler have no current to flow through, the rear end (3, 4) of the bidirectional optocoupler is cut off by the phototriode, and 4 pins at the rear end of the bidirectional optocoupler are pulled up to a direct current power supply VCC through a pull-up resistor R5, so that the rear end 4 of the optocoupler U1 is pulled up, and when the I/O pin of the MCU control unit detects a high level signal, it is determined that the circuit breaker is in a closing state.
The utility model relates to a circuit breaker, include circuit breaker divide-shut brake monitoring circuit, can avoid mechanical switch wearing and tearing and electromagnetic interference's defect, effectively, reliably and realize the monitoring of circuit breaker on-off state steadily.
EXAMPLE six
Referring to fig. 6, the utility model relates to a circuit breaker divide-shut brake monitoring circuit, including optical coupler U1, current limiting resistor, pull-up resistor R5 and MCU the control unit; one input end of a primary loop of the optical coupler U1 is connected with a live wire at the rear end of the circuit breaker through the current-limiting resistor, and the other input end of the primary loop of the optical coupler U1 is connected with a zero wire at the rear end of the circuit breaker; an output end of the secondary loop of the optocoupler U1 is connected with a direct-current power supply through the pull-up resistor R5; the output end of the secondary circuit of the optical coupler U1 is further connected with the MCU control unit, and the MCU control unit monitors the opening and closing state of the circuit breaker based on the output of the output end.
In this embodiment, the optical coupler U1 is a bidirectional optical coupler. The bidirectional optocoupler comprises two reverse diodes and a phototriode.
The current limiting resistors comprise two or more than two; two or more current-limiting resistors are connected in series. The use of multiple resistors can greatly reduce the power required for each, thereby reducing the packaging of the resistors. In this embodiment, the current limiting resistors include four resistors. One of the current limiting resistors is a PTC thermistor (self-healing fuse). The PTC thermistor plays a role in limiting the power grid fluctuation or lightning surge, can protect the optical coupler U1 and avoids damage caused by overcurrent.
The circuit breaker opening and closing monitoring circuit also comprises a capacitor C1; the capacitor C1 is disposed between two output terminals of the secondary loop of the optocoupler U1.
In this embodiment, because optical coupler U1 is the two-way opto-coupler, therefore, when the circuit breaker closed a floodgate, the circuit breaker was preceding, the rear end is connected, phase line L, N electric current passes through current-limiting resistor PTC, R2, R3, the front end (1, 2) of R4 and two-way opto-coupler flow through, make two-way opto-coupler rear end (3, 4) phototriode switch on, 4 foot voltages in opto-coupler rear end are drawn down, when MCU the control unit's IO pin detected low level signal, judge that the circuit breaker is in the state of closing a floodgate.
In this embodiment, when the circuit breaker is opened, the front end and the rear end of the circuit breaker are disconnected, the phase line L, N has no voltage, the current-limiting resistor PTC, R2, R3, R4 and the front end (1, 2) of the bidirectional optocoupler have no current flow, the rear end (3, 4) of the bidirectional optocoupler is cut off by the phototriode, and the 4 pins at the rear end of the bidirectional optocoupler are pulled up to the dc power supply VCC through the pull-up resistor R5, so that the rear end 4 of the optocoupler U1 is pulled up, and when the I/O pin of the MCU control unit detects a high level signal, it is determined that the circuit breaker is in a closing.
The utility model relates to a circuit breaker, include circuit breaker divide-shut brake monitoring circuit, can avoid mechanical switch wearing and tearing and electromagnetic interference's defect, effectively, reliably and realize the monitoring of circuit breaker on-off state steadily.
The above-mentioned be the utility model discloses a concrete implementation way, nevertheless the utility model discloses a design concept is not limited to this, and the ordinary use of this design is right the utility model discloses carry out immaterial change, all should belong to the act of infringement the protection scope of the utility model.
Claims (8)
1. A circuit breaker opening and closing monitoring circuit is characterized by comprising an optical coupler, a current limiting resistor, a pull-up resistor and an MCU (microprogrammed control unit); one input end of a primary loop of the optical coupler is connected with a live wire at the rear end of the circuit breaker through the current-limiting resistor, and the other input end of the primary loop of the optical coupler is connected with a zero line at the rear end of the circuit breaker; one output end of the secondary loop of the optical coupler is connected with a direct current power supply through the pull-up resistor; the output end of the secondary circuit of the optical coupler is further connected with the MCU control unit, and the MCU control unit monitors the opening and closing state of the circuit breaker based on the output of the output end.
2. The circuit breaker opening and closing monitoring circuit according to claim 1, wherein said optocoupler is a unidirectional optocoupler.
3. The circuit breaker opening and closing monitoring circuit of claim 1, wherein the optocoupler is a bidirectional optocoupler.
4. The circuit breaker opening and closing monitoring circuit according to claim 1, wherein said current limiting resistor comprises one.
5. The circuit breaker opening and closing monitoring circuit according to claim 1, wherein the current limiting resistors comprise two or more; two or more current-limiting resistors are connected in series.
6. The circuit breaker opening and closing monitoring circuit according to claim 5, wherein one of said current limiting resistors is a PTC thermistor.
7. The circuit breaker opening and closing monitoring circuit according to claim 1, further comprising a capacitor; the capacitor is arranged between two output ends of the secondary loop of the optical coupler.
8. A circuit breaker comprising a circuit breaker opening and closing monitoring circuit according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202023100919.8U CN214278392U (en) | 2020-12-21 | 2020-12-21 | Circuit breaker divide-shut brake monitoring circuit and circuit breaker |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202023100919.8U CN214278392U (en) | 2020-12-21 | 2020-12-21 | Circuit breaker divide-shut brake monitoring circuit and circuit breaker |
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| CN214278392U true CN214278392U (en) | 2021-09-24 |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115407193A (en) * | 2022-11-01 | 2022-11-29 | 安徽南瑞中天电力电子有限公司 | Terminal detection circuit and method for judging whether power grid system is connected with breaker or not |
-
2020
- 2020-12-21 CN CN202023100919.8U patent/CN214278392U/en active Active
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115407193A (en) * | 2022-11-01 | 2022-11-29 | 安徽南瑞中天电力电子有限公司 | Terminal detection circuit and method for judging whether power grid system is connected with breaker or not |
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