CN202797874U - Over-voltage protection circuit and mobile terminal - Google Patents
Over-voltage protection circuit and mobile terminal Download PDFInfo
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- CN202797874U CN202797874U CN 201220317190 CN201220317190U CN202797874U CN 202797874 U CN202797874 U CN 202797874U CN 201220317190 CN201220317190 CN 201220317190 CN 201220317190 U CN201220317190 U CN 201220317190U CN 202797874 U CN202797874 U CN 202797874U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses an over-voltage protection circuit and a mobile terminal, which comprises a voltage input terminal, a voltage output terminal, a comparator and a switching circuit. The comparator connected with the voltage input terminal is used for receiving an input voltage, comparing the input voltage with a reference voltage and outputting a control voltage to the switching circuit, so as to switch on the switching circuit or cut off a voltage transmission channel between the voltage input terminal and the voltage output terminal. According to the technical scheme of the utility model, the over-voltage protection circuit is composed of discrete components, thus is simple in structure and low in cost. Meanwhile, a voltage protection threshold can be flexibly set without the modification of the circuit configuration, so that the over-voltage protection circuit meets the overvoltage protection requirements of different equipment. When applied to the charging loop of the mobile terminal, the over-voltage protection circuit can stop the charging process just in time before the output voltage of a charger gets too high. Therefore, modular circuits on a main board are prevented from being damaged, while both the operation safety and the operation reliability of the entire circuit system are effectively improved. In this way, the over-voltage protection circuit helps to improve the quality of the entire mobile terminal.
Description
Technical field
The utility model belongs to the power supply protection technical field, specifically, and the portable terminal that relates to a kind of overvoltage crowbar and adopt described overvoltage crowbar design.
Background technology
Along with unifying gradually of the portable terminal product charging inlets such as mobile phone, so that the charger that different manufacturers is produced can be mutually general, this also has higher requirement to the fail safe of cell-phone charging when being user-friendly to.
Because the charger that different manufacturers is produced; might there be inconsistent situation in the charging voltage of its output; therefore; the generation of the device damage problem that causes for fear of portable terminal misconnection charger occurring; in the portable terminal products such as mobile phone, generally all need to increase overvoltage crowbar OVP, cause the circuit board of terminal inner to be burnt with the overtension that prevents the external charger input.
At present, overvoltage crowbar commonly used mostly adopts special overvoltage protection chip to carry out circuit design, although simple in structure, each is incompatible for the overvoltage protection chip of each manufacturer production, uses not too flexible.And often price is more expensive for this overvoltage protection chip, therefore is less compliant in the relatively low mobile phone products of cost and promotes the use of.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this utility model is to provide a kind of overvoltage crowbar that adopts discrete component to set up, to reduce hardware cost, the flexibility that improves circuit application.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the utility model is achieved by the following technical solutions:
A kind of overvoltage crowbar comprises voltage input end, voltage output end, comparator and is connected to switching circuit between described voltage input end and the voltage output end; Described comparator connects voltage input end, and after receiving input voltage and comparing with reference voltage, output control voltage is to switching circuit, control switch circuit communication or cut off voltage transmission path between voltage input end and the voltage output end.
In order to realize the flexible configuration to the voltage protection threshold value, preferably connect a bleeder circuit at described voltage input end, the dividing potential drop node of described bleeder circuit connects the input of comparator.
Preferably, the inverting input of described comparator connects the dividing potential drop node of described bleeder circuit, and in-phase input end connects reference voltage.
A kind of preferred set up the scheme as described switching circuit, in described switching circuit, include a NPN type triode and a PMOS pipe, the base stage of described NPN type triode connects the output of comparator, grounded emitter, collector electrode connects described voltage input end by current-limiting resistance, and be connected with the grid of PMOS pipe, the source electrode of described PMOS pipe connects described voltage input end, and drain electrode connects described voltage output end.
Based on the structural design of above-mentioned overvoltage crowbar, the utility model also provides a kind of portable terminal that adopts described overvoltage crowbar design, comprises charger interface, battery, processor, display screen, comparator and switching circuit; Described comparator connecting charger interface, after receiving the charging voltage of input and comparing with reference voltage, output control voltage is to the control end of switching circuit, and the switch ways of described switching circuit is connected in the charge power supply transmission channel between charger interface and the battery.
Further; power pins at described charger interface is connected with a bleeder circuit; the dividing potential drop node of described bleeder circuit connects the inverting input of comparator; the in-phase input end of comparator connects reference voltage; by the parameter value of partial pressure device in the adjusting bleeder circuit, and then realization is to the flexible configuration of voltage protection threshold value.
Further again, the switch ways of described switching circuit is connected between the power pins and power management chip of charger interface, charges to battery via power management chip.
Preferably, a NPN type triode and a PMOS pipe preferably are set in described switching circuit, the base stage of described NPN type triode connects the output of comparator, grounded emitter, collector electrode connects the power pins of described charger interface by current-limiting resistance, and be connected with the grid of PMOS pipe, the source electrode of described PMOS pipe connects the power pins of described charger interface, and drain electrode connects described power management chip.
For whether the current charger that is inserted into portable terminal is reminded safely, preferably the collector electrode of described NPN type triode is connected to one road GPIO mouth of processor, described processor generates cue according to the level state of this road GPIO mouth and exports display screen to and show, so as when user's misplug charger the charger of reminding user to replace safety in time.
Preferably, described charger interface is the USB interface of common configuration on the present portable terminal.
Compared with prior art; advantage of the present utility model and good effect are: overvoltage crowbar of the present utility model adopts discrete device to set up and forms; simple in structure; with low cost; can be under the prerequisite that does not change circuit structure; realize the flexible setting of voltage protection threshold value, and then satisfy the overvoltage protection requirement of distinct device.It is applied in the charge circuit design of portable terminal, can be when the overtension of charger output, cut off in time charger to the power supply of portable terminal internal cell, thereby avoid causing the damage of mainboard upper module circuit, Effective Raise circuitry system Operation safety and reliability, help the complete machine quality of lifting mobile terminal.
After reading by reference to the accompanying drawings the detailed description of the utility model execution mode, other characteristics of the present utility model and advantage will become clearer.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the schematic block circuit diagram of a kind of embodiment of the overvoltage crowbar that proposes of the utility model;
Fig. 2 is the physical circuit schematic diagram of a kind of embodiment of overvoltage crowbar shown in Figure 1;
Fig. 3 is the physical circuit schematic diagram of another embodiment of overvoltage crowbar shown in Figure 1.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing embodiment of the present utility model is described in detail.
Embodiment one; the problem that the overvoltage crowbar of present embodiment raises for fear of the hardware cost that uses the overvoltage protection chip to cause; a kind of design that adopts discrete device to set up overvoltage crowbar has been proposed; mainly comprise voltage input end, voltage output end, comparator and switching circuit, referring to shown in Figure 1.Wherein, with two input terminals of comparator respectively with the corresponding connection with reference voltage Vref of voltage input end, the input voltage that reception is introduced by voltage input end, and after comparing with reference voltage Vref, the switching circuit break-make of control connection between voltage input end and voltage output end.Specifically, if input voltage is lower than reference voltage Vref, then think input voltage safety, comparator output control voltage V2 is to switching circuit, with the voltage transmission path between control switch circuit communication voltage input end and the voltage output end, input voltage is exported by voltage output end.If input voltage is higher than or equals reference voltage Vref; think that then input voltage is too high; comparator output control voltage V2 is to switch element; with the voltage transmission path between control switch element cut-out voltage input end and the voltage output end; stop input voltage to transfer to late-class circuit; guaranteeing the safety of late-class circuit device, and then reach the purpose of design of overvoltage protection.
Because different power consumption equipment; its amplitude to input voltage has different requirements; in order to enlarge the suitable application area of described overvoltage crowbar; realize the flexible configuration of its overvoltage protection threshold value; present embodiment is preferably set up bleeder circuit between described comparator and voltage input end; after utilizing bleeder circuit that the input voltage of introducing by described voltage input end is carried out voltage division processing; formation power supply dividing potential drop V1 transfers to comparator via the dividing potential drop node of bleeder circuit; compare with reference voltage Vref, to be formed for controlling the control voltage V2 of follow-up switching circuit break-make.Thus one, only need the amplitude of the overvoltage protection threshold value that requires according to power consumption equipment and selected reference voltage Vref, reasonably adjust the parameter of partial pressure device in the bleeder circuit, can satisfy the overvoltage protection requirement of different power consumption equipments.
As a kind of preferred design of present embodiment, for described comparator, preferably adopt an operational amplifier U2 who is operated in open loop situations to realize the function of comparator; For described bleeder circuit, preferably adopt two divider resistance R1, R2 to be formed by connecting; For described switching circuit, preferably adopt a NPN type triode Q2 to cooperate a PMOS pipe Q1 to be formed by connecting, as shown in Figure 2.
Following present embodiment to be being applied in the portable terminal product as example with described overvoltage crowbar, and concrete assembling structure and the operation principle thereof of described overvoltage crowbar is described in detail.
Referring to shown in Figure 2, present embodiment is applied in described overvoltage crowbar in the portable terminal product, is used for the charge power supply by charger interface (being the voltage input end of Fig. 1) input is detected and overvoltage protection.Charge power supply by the charger interface input is charged to the battery of portable terminal inside via power management chip U1.
With divider resistance R1, the R2 ground connection of power pins USB_VBUS by connecting of described charger interface, the inverting input of the intermediate node of divider resistance R1, R2 (being the dividing potential drop node of bleeder circuit) concatenation operation amplifier U2-.With the in-phase input end of described operational amplifier U2+connection reference voltage Vref, power end connects reference voltage Vref, and earth terminal connects portable terminal systematically.The overvoltage protection threshold value Vovp that requires according to portable terminal and the amplitude of described reference voltage Vref are determined the resistance of two divider resistance R1, R2, it is satisfied: when the charging voltage by the charger input during less than overvoltage protection threshold value Vovp, via the power supply dividing potential drop V1 of the dividing potential drop node output amplitude less than described reference voltage Vref; When the charging voltage by the charger input is greater than or equal to overvoltage protection threshold value Vovp, be greater than or equal to the condition of the amplitude of described reference voltage Vref via the power supply dividing potential drop V1 of dividing potential drop node output.
The base stage that the output of described operational amplifier U2 is connected NPN type triode Q2, for stable control voltage V2 by operational amplifier U2 output, present embodiment preferably connects filter circuit at the output of operational amplifier U2, the capacitor C 2 of earth as shown in Figure 2 and resistance R 4 are with the impact of filtering interference signals.With the grounded emitter of described NPN type triode Q2, collector electrode connects the grid of described PMOS pipe Q1 on the other hand on the one hand by the power pins USB_VBUS of current-limiting resistance R3 connecting charger interface.The power pins USB_VBUS of the source electrode connecting charger interface of described PMOS pipe Q1, drain electrode connects the charging terminal VCHG of power management chip U1.
The below is take mobile phone products as example, and the operation principle of the overvoltage crowbar that present embodiment is proposed is described in detail.
For mobile phone products, generally when the charging voltage of charger output is higher than 7V, will cause damage to the power management chip of interior of mobile phone.Therefore, when being applied in described overvoltage crowbar in the mobile phone products, described overvoltage protection threshold value Vovp can be set as 7V, and the amplitude that reference voltage Vref is set is:
When the charging voltage by charger for mobile phone output is lower than 7V, dividing potential drop effect via divider resistance R1, R2, make its supply voltage V1 that passes through dividing potential drop node output less than reference voltage Vref, transfer to the inverting input of operational amplifier U2-with in-phase input end+reference voltage Vref compare.At this moment because the in-phase input end of operational amplifier U2+voltage be higher than its inverting input-voltage, according to the open-loop gain formula of amplifier
, be positive limiting voltage by the control voltage V2 of operational amplifier U2 output, namely the supply voltage of operational amplifier U2 namely equals reference voltage Vref.Act on the base stage of NPN type triode Q2 by the control voltage V2 of described operational amplifier U2 output, control triode Q3 is operated in the saturation conduction state, thereby drags down the grid potential of PMOS pipe Q1.At this moment, PMOS pipe Q1 enters the saturation conduction state owing to its source potential is higher than its grid potential, and then will manage the power management chip U1 that the Q1 pipe transfers to interior of mobile phone via PMOS by the charging voltage of charger input, U1 charges normal battery by power management chip.
When the charging voltage by charger for mobile phone output is higher than 7V, via the power supply dividing potential drop V1 that forms after divider resistance R1, the R2 dividing potential drop greater than described reference voltage Vref.With described power supply dividing potential drop V1 transfer to inverting input to operational amplifier U2-with in-phase input end+reference voltage Vref compare, this moment because the inverting input of operational amplifier U2-voltage be higher than its in-phase input end+voltage, therefore the control voltage V2 of operational amplifier U2 output negative pole limit, in the present embodiment low level OV namely.
Because the control voltage V2 of operational amplifier U2 output is low level, so NPN type triode Q2 is operated in cut-off state.At this moment; the charging voltage that power pins USB_VBUS by the charger for mobile phone interface introduces outputs to the grid of PMOS pipe Q1 via current-limiting resistance R3; because the source voltage of PMOS pipe Q1 equals its grid voltage; therefore PMOS pipe Q1 changes cut-off state over to; cut off charger to the Voltage-output of power management chip U1; the control mobile phone stops charging, to avoid too high charging voltage to the damage that power management chip U1 causes, plays the effect of overvoltage protection.
Simultaneously, for whether the charger that is inserted on the mobile phone is pointed out safely, present embodiment preferably is connected the collector electrode of NPN type triode Q2 with the processor of interior of mobile phone, specifically can connect wherein one road GPIO mouth of processor, as shown in Figure 2.Processor is according to the level state that its this road GPIO mouth receives, and whether the charging voltage of judging the charger input safety, and then produces corresponding information and notify to the user.Specifically, when the charging voltage by the charger input is lower than high voltage protective threshold value Vovp, because triode Q2 is in conducting state, thereby this road GPIO mouth of described processor is set to low level.Processor is detecting its this road GPIO mouth when low, and reporting system is at this moment for charging normal module, and the information that will " charge normal " is notified to the user by display screen.Otherwise, when the charging voltage by the charger input is higher than high voltage protective threshold value Vovp, because triode Q2 enters cut-off state, thereby make this road GPIO mouth of described processor become high level.Processor produces and interrupts reporting system charger output voltage too high when detecting its this road GPIO mouth and become high level, and is showing screen display or coming prompting user in time to change safe charger with the mode of sound.
Certainly, described switching circuit also can adopt other components and parts with on-off action to set up and form, and such as adopting a controllable silicon Q3 to be connected between described charger interface and the power management chip U1, realizes the break-make control to the charge power supply transmission channel.As shown in Figure 3, can specifically the trigger electrode of controllable silicon Q3 be connected the output of described operational amplifier U2, the power pins USB_VBUS of anodic bonding charger interface, negative electrode connects the charging terminal VCHG of power management chip U1.
When the charging voltage of charger output is lower than high voltage protective threshold value Vovp; control voltage V2 by operational amplifier U2 output high level; transfer to the trigger electrode of controllable silicon Q3; control controllable silicon Q3 conducting; and then the charge power supply of charger output transfers to power management chip U1, and is the battery charging via power management chip U1.
When the charging voltage of charger output is higher than high voltage protective threshold value Vovp; control voltage V2 by operational amplifier U2 output low level; control controllable silicon Q3 cut-off; and then the charging voltage of blocking-up charger output; avoid it to transfer to power management chip U1; cause burning of power management chip U1, reach the purpose of design of overvoltage protection.
Certainly, design present embodiment for described switching circuit is not limited in above giving an example, as long as can be according to the high-low level state of the control voltage V2 of operational amplifier U2 output, reasonably the transmission channel of connection or cut-out charge power supply can meet design requirement, and present embodiment does not specifically limit this.
In sum; the utility model is by adopting discrete component to set up overvoltage crowbar; under the prerequisite of guaranteeing the late-class circuit safe operation, so that the complete machine cost is minimized, can be widely used in portable terminal and other need in the electric equipment of direct current supply.
Certainly; above-mentioned explanation is not to be to restriction of the present utility model; the utility model also is not limited in above-mentioned giving an example, and the variation that those skilled in the art make in essential scope of the present utility model, remodeling, interpolation or replacement also should belong to protection range of the present utility model.
Claims (10)
1. overvoltage crowbar is characterized in that: comprise voltage input end, voltage output end, comparator and be connected to switching circuit between described voltage input end and the voltage output end; Described comparator connects voltage input end, and after receiving input voltage and comparing with reference voltage, output control voltage is to switching circuit, control switch circuit communication or cut off voltage transmission path between voltage input end and the voltage output end.
2. overvoltage crowbar according to claim 1 is characterized in that: be connected with bleeder circuit at described voltage input end, the input of the dividing potential drop node connection comparator of described bleeder circuit.
3. overvoltage crowbar according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: the inverting input of described comparator connects the dividing potential drop node of described bleeder circuit, and in-phase input end connects reference voltage.
4. each described overvoltage crowbar in 3 according to claim 1; it is characterized in that: in described switching circuit, include a NPN type triode and a PMOS pipe; the base stage of described NPN type triode connects the output of comparator; grounded emitter; collector electrode connects described voltage input end by current-limiting resistance; and be connected with the grid of PMOS pipe, the source electrode of described PMOS pipe connects described voltage input end, and drain electrode connects described voltage output end.
5. a portable terminal comprises charger interface, battery, processor and display screen; It is characterized in that: also comprise comparator and switching circuit, described comparator connecting charger interface, after receiving the charging voltage of input and comparing with reference voltage, output control voltage is to the control end of switching circuit, and the switch ways of described switching circuit is connected in the charge power supply transmission channel between charger interface and the battery.
6. portable terminal according to claim 5, it is characterized in that: the power pins at described charger interface is connected with a bleeder circuit, the dividing potential drop node of described bleeder circuit connects the inverting input of comparator, and the in-phase input end of comparator connects reference voltage.
7. according to claim 5 or 6 described portable terminals, it is characterized in that: the switch ways of described switching circuit is connected between the power pins and power management chip of charger interface, charges to battery via power management chip.
8. portable terminal according to claim 7, it is characterized in that: in described switching circuit, include a NPN type triode and a PMOS pipe, the base stage of described NPN type triode connects the output of comparator, grounded emitter, collector electrode connects the power pins of described charger interface by current-limiting resistance, and be connected with the grid of PMOS pipe, the source electrode of described PMOS pipe connects the power pins of described charger interface, and drain electrode connects described power management chip.
9. portable terminal according to claim 8 is characterized in that: the collector electrode of described NPN type triode connects one road GPIO mouth of processor, and described processor generates cue according to the level state of this road GPIO mouth and exports display screen to and show.
10. according to claim 5 or 6 described portable terminals, it is characterized in that: described charger interface is USB interface.
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| CN 201220317190 CN202797874U (en) | 2012-07-03 | 2012-07-03 | Over-voltage protection circuit and mobile terminal |
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| CN 201220317190 CN202797874U (en) | 2012-07-03 | 2012-07-03 | Over-voltage protection circuit and mobile terminal |
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