CN202748010U - Pavement structure stress and strain gauge based on fiber bragg grating - Google Patents
Pavement structure stress and strain gauge based on fiber bragg grating Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本实用新型公开了一种基于光纤光栅的路面结构应力应变计，包括光纤光栅解调仪、光纤Bragg光栅传感器、铠装光纤、和移动电脑，其中，所述光纤光栅解调仪包括激光器、光探测器、耦合器，所述激光器、光探测器分别连接耦合器；光纤Bragg光栅传感器与铠装光纤相熔接，光纤Bragg光栅传感器通过FC跳线与光纤光栅解调仪中的耦合器连接，光纤光栅解调仪中的光探测器与移动电脑连接。光纤光栅解调仪采用SM130型光纤解调仪。光纤Bragg光栅传感器长度为50mm，直径为5mm。该装置灵敏度高、分辨率高，结构简单、操作方便、成本低、可实现自动检测，填补了现有应变监测技术的空白。
The utility model discloses a road surface structure stress strain gauge based on an optical fiber grating, which comprises an optical fiber grating demodulator, an optical fiber Bragg grating sensor, an armored optical fiber, and a mobile computer, wherein the optical fiber grating demodulator includes a laser, an optical Detectors and couplers, the lasers and photodetectors are respectively connected to the couplers; the fiber Bragg grating sensor is fused with the armored optical fiber, the fiber Bragg grating sensor is connected to the coupler in the fiber grating demodulator through an FC jumper, and the fiber The light detector in the grating demodulator is connected with the mobile computer. Fiber Bragg grating demodulator adopts SM130 fiber optic demodulator. The fiber Bragg grating sensor has a length of 50mm and a diameter of 5mm. The device has high sensitivity, high resolution, simple structure, convenient operation, low cost, and can realize automatic detection, which fills the blank of existing strain monitoring technology.
Description
技术领域 technical field
本实用新型属于路面结构测试技术领域，具体涉及一种基于光纤光栅的路面结构应力应变计。The utility model belongs to the technical field of pavement structure testing, in particular to a pavement structure stress strain gauge based on an optical fiber grating.
背景技术 Background technique
在桥梁、大坝和路面等结构的修建及运营过程中，混凝土的应力应变监测是一项极为重要的工作。对结构的控制断面进行监测，可及时了解结构健康状况、确保结构安全，为结构的施工、运营以及加固维修提供依据。混凝土的应力测试比较复杂，通常的做法是通过应变计测量混凝土的应变来间接地测量混凝土的应力。目前常用的应变计有电阻式应变计、差动式应变计和振弦式应变计等几种,其中，振弦式应变计具有稳定性好、抗干扰能力强、数据采集方便等优点，是目前应用最为广泛的应变计，但是这种应变计灵敏性差、分辨率低，所测量的数据都必须进行分析处理后才能反映混凝土的应力和应变；高速公路等公路路面结构层一般较薄，振弦式应变计尺寸较大，不适合监测路面结构的应变。During the construction and operation of structures such as bridges, dams and pavements, the stress and strain monitoring of concrete is an extremely important task. Monitoring the control section of the structure can keep abreast of the health status of the structure, ensure the safety of the structure, and provide a basis for the construction, operation, reinforcement and maintenance of the structure. The stress test of concrete is more complicated, and the usual practice is to measure the stress of concrete indirectly by measuring the strain of concrete with a strain gauge. Currently commonly used strain gauges include resistive strain gauges, differential strain gauges and vibrating wire strain gauges. Among them, vibrating wire strain gauges have the advantages of good stability, strong anti-interference ability, and convenient data acquisition. The strain gauge is the most widely used at present, but this kind of strain gauge has poor sensitivity and low resolution, and the measured data must be analyzed and processed before it can reflect the stress and strain of concrete; String strain gages are large in size and are not suitable for monitoring the strain of pavement structures.
发明内容 Contents of the invention
针对上述现有技术存在的缺陷或不足，本实用新型的目的在于，提供一种基于光纤光栅的路面结构应力应变计，该装置灵敏度高、分辨率高，结构简单、操作方便、成本低、可实现自动检测，填补了现有应变监测技术的空白。Aiming at the defects or deficiencies in the above-mentioned prior art, the purpose of this utility model is to provide a stress strain gauge for pavement structures based on fiber gratings. The device has high sensitivity, high resolution, simple structure, convenient operation, low cost, and Automatic detection is realized, and the blank of existing strain monitoring technology is filled.
为了达到上述目的，本实用新型采用如下的技术解决方案：In order to achieve the above object, the utility model adopts the following technical solutions:
一种基于光纤光栅的路面结构应力应变计，包括光纤光栅解调仪、光纤Bragg光栅传感器、铠装光纤、和移动电脑，其中，所述光纤光栅解调仪包括激光器、光探测器、耦合器，所述激光器、光探测器分别连接耦合器；所述光纤Bragg光栅传感器与铠装光纤相熔接，光纤Bragg光栅传感器通过FC跳线与光纤光栅解调仪中的耦合器连接，光纤光栅解调仪中的光探测器与移动电脑连接。A road structure stress strain gauge based on fiber gratings, comprising fiber grating demodulators, fiber Bragg grating sensors, armored optical fibers, and mobile computers, wherein the fiber grating demodulators include lasers, photodetectors, couplers , the laser and the photodetector are respectively connected to the coupler; the fiber Bragg grating sensor is fused with the armored optical fiber, the fiber Bragg grating sensor is connected to the coupler in the fiber grating demodulator through an FC jumper wire, and the fiber Bragg grating demodulation The light detector in the instrument is connected to a mobile computer.
所述的光纤光栅解调仪采用SM130型光纤解调仪。The fiber grating demodulator adopts SM130 fiber optic demodulator.
所述的光纤Bragg光栅传感器长度为50mm，直径为5mm。The fiber Bragg grating sensor has a length of 50mm and a diameter of 5mm.
所述的铠装光纤采用单芯室内铠装光纤。The armored optical fiber is a single-core indoor armored optical fiber.
本实用新型的优点如下：The utility model has the following advantages:
本实用新型的最大特点和优点在于传感器尺寸非常小，能够满足路面结构应变测试的特殊要求，并且安装、测试对路面结构影响非常小，几乎可以忽略不计。与传统应变计相比较，光纤传感器除了尺寸小、重量轻、耐腐蚀、抗电测干扰、使用安全可靠、操作简单之外，还具有以下特点：1）分辨率高，远远超过振弦式应变计；2）光纤传感器属于波长调制型，抗千扰能力强；3）与光纤具有天然的耦合性，集“传”与“感”于一体且具有更强的复用能力，易于构成准分布式传感网络；4）测量对象广泛，易于实现多参数传感测量。5）可重复使用、易于保护和维修，可实现长期监测，长期稳定性好，信号传输距离远。The biggest feature and advantage of the utility model is that the size of the sensor is very small, which can meet the special requirements of the strain test of the road surface structure, and the influence of installation and testing on the road surface structure is very small, almost negligible. Compared with traditional strain gauges, fiber optic sensors have the following characteristics in addition to small size, light weight, corrosion resistance, electrical interference resistance, safe and reliable use, and simple operation: 1) High resolution, far exceeding the vibrating wire type Strain gauge; 2) The optical fiber sensor is a wavelength modulation type with strong anti-interference ability; 3) It has natural coupling with the optical fiber, integrates "transmission" and "sensing" and has stronger multiplexing ability, and is easy to form quasi- Distributed sensor network; 4) Wide range of measurement objects, easy to realize multi-parameter sensing measurement. 5) Reusable, easy to protect and maintain, can realize long-term monitoring, good long-term stability, and long-distance signal transmission.
附图说明 Description of drawings
图1是本实用新型的连接框图。Fig. 1 is a connection block diagram of the utility model.
图2是传感器在待测路面结构上安装示意图。Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the installation of the sensor on the road surface structure to be tested.
图3是光纤Bragg光栅传感器的温度传感特性曲线。Fig. 3 is the temperature sensing characteristic curve of the fiber Bragg grating sensor.
下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本实用新型进一步解释说明。Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and specific embodiment, the utility model is further explained and illustrated.
具体实施方式 Detailed ways
如图1所示，本实用新型的基于光纤光栅的路面结构应力应变计，包括光纤光栅解调仪1、光纤Bragg光栅传感器5、铠装光纤（传导光纤）6、和移动电脑8，其中，所述光纤光栅解调仪1包括激光器2、光探测器3、耦合器4，所述激光器2、光探测器3分别连接耦合器4；所述光纤Bragg光栅传感器5与铠装光纤6采用光纤熔接机相熔接，光纤Bragg光栅传感器5通过FC跳线9与光纤光栅解调仪1中的耦合器4连接，光纤光栅解调仪1中的光探测器3与移动电脑8连接。移动电脑8通过其自身安装的光纤Bragg光栅解调软件实时监测光纤Bragg光栅传感器5的应变变化。As shown in Figure 1, the road structure stress strain gauge based on fiber grating of the present utility model comprises fiber grating demodulator 1, fiber Bragg grating sensor 5, armored optical fiber (conducting optical fiber) 6, and mobile computer 8, wherein, The fiber Bragg grating demodulator 1 includes a laser 2, an optical detector 3, and a coupler 4, and the laser 2 and the optical detector 3 are respectively connected to the coupler 4; the fiber Bragg grating sensor 5 and the armored optical fiber 6 adopt optical fiber The fusion splicer is used for fusion splicing, the fiber Bragg grating sensor 5 is connected to the coupler 4 in the fiber grating demodulator 1 through the FC jumper 9, and the optical detector 3 in the fiber grating demodulator 1 is connected to the mobile computer 8. The mobile computer 8 monitors the strain change of the fiber Bragg grating sensor 5 in real time through its own installed fiber Bragg grating demodulation software.
光纤光栅解调仪1：采用SM130型光纤解调仪，其对光纤光栅波长的移动的探测达到了皮米量级的高分辨率，因此具有测量灵敏度高的特点。数据监测过程中，只需要探测到光栅波长分布图中波峰的位置即可，对光强的波动不敏感，因此比传统传感器具有更高的抗干扰能力。在测量过程中个，温度的影响较大，需要进行温度补偿。补偿方法是在监测路段中埋设一根温度补偿光栅，该光栅不受路面应变变化影响，而只受温度影响。Fiber Bragg Grating Demodulator 1: SM130 Fiber Bragg Grating Demodulator is used, and its detection of fiber grating wavelength movement has reached a high resolution of picometer level, so it has the characteristics of high measurement sensitivity. In the process of data monitoring, it is only necessary to detect the position of the peak in the wavelength distribution diagram of the grating, and it is not sensitive to fluctuations in light intensity, so it has higher anti-interference ability than traditional sensors. During the measurement process, the influence of temperature is greater, and temperature compensation is required. The compensation method is to bury a temperature compensation grating in the monitoring road section, which is not affected by the strain change of the road surface, but only affected by the temperature.
光纤Bragg光栅传感器5：采用石英位相式透射光栅，通过相位掩膜法制作而成,也可采用现有光栅传感器，如MO公司出产的光纤Bragg光栅传感器；光纤Bragg光栅传感器5的尺寸及其封装设计：光栅长度为20mm，纤芯直径9μm，包层外径为125μm，涂覆层外径250μm。经过细钢管封装后的光纤Bragg光栅传感器5长度50mm，直径5mm，与传导光纤6通过光纤焊接机连接，两端安装FC跳线。细钢管封装光纤光栅时需要注意光纤光栅需要准确平直的放置在细钢管的正中间，细钢管材质必须具有耐腐蚀性、抗疲劳性，弹性范围宽，与基体材料粘结性好。选择胶粘剂时需注意胶粘剂需要适用于光纤和不锈钢的粘接性能，需要有较高的抗剪强度和耐久性。胶粘剂内不能出现气泡，否则胶粘剂凝固后会使光纤光栅产生不均匀变形，影响反射波峰。Fiber Bragg grating sensor 5: Quartz phase-type transmission grating is used, which is made by phase mask method. Existing grating sensors can also be used, such as the fiber Bragg grating sensor produced by MO Company; the size and packaging of fiber Bragg grating sensor 5 Design: The grating length is 20mm, the core diameter is 9μm, the outer diameter of the cladding layer is 125μm, and the outer diameter of the coating layer is 250μm. The optical fiber Bragg grating sensor 5 encapsulated by the thin steel pipe has a length of 50mm and a diameter of 5mm, and is connected with the conductive optical fiber 6 through an optical fiber welding machine, and FC jumpers are installed at both ends. When encapsulating fiber gratings in thin steel pipes, attention should be paid to the fact that the fiber gratings must be placed accurately and straightly in the middle of the thin steel pipes. The thin steel pipes must be corrosion-resistant, fatigue-resistant, have a wide range of elasticity, and have good adhesion to the base material. When choosing an adhesive, it should be noted that the adhesive needs to be suitable for the bonding performance of optical fiber and stainless steel, and needs to have high shear strength and durability. There should be no air bubbles in the adhesive, otherwise the fiber grating will be deformed unevenly after the adhesive solidifies, which will affect the reflection peak.
铠装光纤（传导光纤）6：采用单芯室内铠装光纤，其结构为：光纤+芳纶（起抗拉作用）+不锈钢软管（起抗压、抗弯曲、防鼠咬的作用）+不锈钢编织丝（起抗扭的作用）+外护套（使用PVC）。Armored optical fiber (conducting optical fiber) 6: single-core indoor armored optical fiber is adopted, and its structure is: optical fiber + aramid fiber (playing the role of tensile strength) + stainless steel hose (playing the role of compressive resistance, bending resistance, and anti-rat bite) + Stainless steel braided wire (plays the role of anti-torsion) + outer sheath (using PVC).
参见图2，在需要进行应变测试的路面结构上开槽，安装光纤Bragg光栅传感器5，槽的尺寸视传感器及铠装光纤的尺寸而定，并且要满足施工需求，开槽的路线尽量平直，转折处采用弧线转弯，避免出现直角，以免光纤折断。光纤铺设完毕后，光栅部分采用空心钢管内部填充胶粘剂固定在槽底进行保护。多个光纤Bragg光栅传感器5通过不同光纤光栅的反射光波长（λ1，λ2λ3………………λn）与待测结构沿线各测量点（1,2,3……n）一一对应，分别测试结构沿线分布各点的应力应变。See Figure 2. Slots are made on the pavement structure where the strain test is required, and the optical fiber Bragg grating sensor 5 is installed. The size of the slot depends on the size of the sensor and the armored optical fiber, and the slotting route should be as straight as possible to meet the construction requirements. , Use an arc at the turning point to avoid right angles, so as not to break the optical fiber. After the optical fiber is laid, the grating part is fixed on the bottom of the groove with hollow steel pipe filled with adhesive for protection. Multiple fiber Bragg grating sensors 5 pass through the reflected light wavelengths of different fiber gratings (λ 1 , λ 2 λ 3 …………… λ n ) and each measurement point (1, 2, 3…… n) along the structure to be measured One-to-one correspondence, the stress and strain of each point distributed along the structure are tested respectively.
在光纤Bragg光栅的工程应用中必须考虑消除温度的影响。采用温度特性实验得到温度变化时光纤Bragg光栅中心波长的变化规律。把将要在测斜管上使用的光纤Bragg光栅放入细钢管内自由悬空，细钢管用胶粘剂固定在基底试件上。同时在光纤Bragg光栅附近放置热电偶，然后一起放入封闭的保温箱中。保温箱下部放置电磁炉作为热源。光纤Bragg光栅连接解调仪记录光栅中心波长变化，热电偶连接温度计记录温度变化。测量结果之一如图12所示。从图中可以看出，光纤Bragg光栅的中心波长与温度具有良好的线性关系，具有良好的重复性。中心波长为1549.74nm的光栅，温度每变化1℃，光栅中心波长变化10.9pm。根据温度传感理论计算可以得到温度变化1℃光栅中心波长变化为11.6pm。结果说明试验值与理论值符合的较好，误差仅为6.03％。误差的产生可能与采用的试验装置的精度有关。In the engineering application of fiber Bragg grating, it is necessary to consider eliminating the influence of temperature. The change law of the central wavelength of the fiber Bragg grating when the temperature changes is obtained by the temperature characteristic experiment. The fiber Bragg grating to be used on the inclinometer tube is put into the thin steel pipe to hang freely, and the thin steel pipe is fixed on the base specimen with adhesive. At the same time, place a thermocouple near the fiber Bragg grating, and put them together into a closed incubator. An induction cooker is placed in the lower part of the incubator as a heat source. The optical fiber Bragg grating is connected to the demodulator to record the change of the central wavelength of the grating, and the thermocouple is connected to the thermometer to record the temperature change. One of the measurement results is shown in FIG. 12 . It can be seen from the figure that the central wavelength of the fiber Bragg grating has a good linear relationship with the temperature and has good repeatability. For a grating with a central wavelength of 1549.74nm, the central wavelength of the grating changes by 10.9pm when the temperature changes by 1°C. According to the calculation of temperature sensing theory, it can be obtained that the central wavelength of the grating changes by 11.6pm when the temperature changes by 1°C. The results show that the experimental value is in good agreement with the theoretical value, and the error is only 6.03%. The error may be related to the accuracy of the test device used.
温度变化量的测量方法是：在测斜管上布设光纤Bragg光栅传感器5之后，在每个光纤Bragg光栅传感器5的同一位置上布设电子测温计，保证两者温度相同。然后在每一次测量光纤Bragg光栅中心波长变化的同时，测量温度变化。应变引起的中心波长变化量为：ΔλBε＝ΔλB-KTΔTt，其中，ΔλB为光纤Bragg光栅中心波长的总变化量。The method for measuring the temperature variation is: after the optical fiber Bragg grating sensor 5 is arranged on the inclinometer tube, an electronic thermometer is arranged at the same position of each optical fiber Bragg grating sensor 5 to ensure that the temperature of the two is the same. Then, while measuring the center wavelength change of the fiber Bragg grating each time, the temperature change is measured. The variation of the central wavelength caused by the strain is: Δλ Bε = Δλ B -K T ΔT t , where Δλ B is the total variation of the central wavelength of the fiber Bragg grating.
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Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103604540A (en) * | 2013-11-13 | 2014-02-26 | 中铁四局集团第一工程有限公司 | Photoelectric stressometer |
| CN104819791A (en) * | 2015-04-22 | 2015-08-05 | 武汉科技大学 | Fiber bragg grating sensor for measuring contact stress at rolling interface |
| CN107389254A (en) * | 2017-08-24 | 2017-11-24 | 武汉科技大学 | Tire road surface three axis force measurement apparatus and its measuring method |
| CN107727483A (en) * | 2017-10-20 | 2018-02-23 | 南京大学（苏州）高新技术研究院 | A kind of injection shear and method for being used for ground in-situ test based on fiber grating |
| CN108592813A (en) * | 2018-08-09 | 2018-09-28 | 长安大学 | A kind of Excavation Deformation of Deep Foundation Pits real-time monitoring device |
| CN108592855A (en) * | 2018-04-28 | 2018-09-28 | 中国民航大学 | A kind of airfield pavement lower part excavation deformation monitoring device based on BOTDA sensing technologies |
| CN109141269A (en) * | 2018-10-09 | 2019-01-04 | 中国地震局地壳应力研究所 | Distributed fiber grating hole wall strain gauge |
| CN109507453A (en) * | 2018-12-06 | 2019-03-22 | 广州广电计量检测股份有限公司 | A kind of revolving speed calibration system and calibration method based on fiber grating |
| CN110530622A (en) * | 2019-09-10 | 2019-12-03 | 北京理工大学 | A kind of structural fatigue detection device based on fiber grating |
| CN115014221A (en) * | 2022-05-05 | 2022-09-06 | 武汉理工大学 | Fiber grating sensor microstructure and process suitable for mounting and fixing heterogeneous surface |
-
2012
- 2012-06-28 CN CN 201220308238 patent/CN202748010U/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103604540B (en) * | 2013-11-13 | 2015-06-10 | 中铁四局集团第一工程有限公司 | Photoelectric stressometer |
| CN103604540A (en) * | 2013-11-13 | 2014-02-26 | 中铁四局集团第一工程有限公司 | Photoelectric stressometer |
| CN104819791A (en) * | 2015-04-22 | 2015-08-05 | 武汉科技大学 | Fiber bragg grating sensor for measuring contact stress at rolling interface |
| CN104819791B (en) * | 2015-04-22 | 2017-10-31 | 武汉科技大学 | A kind of fiber-optic grating sensor for measuring contact stress at Interface of Rolling |
| CN107389254A (en) * | 2017-08-24 | 2017-11-24 | 武汉科技大学 | Tire road surface three axis force measurement apparatus and its measuring method |
| CN107727483B (en) * | 2017-10-20 | 2023-12-22 | 南京大学（苏州）高新技术研究院 | Penetration shearing device and method for foundation in-situ test based on fiber bragg grating |
| CN107727483A (en) * | 2017-10-20 | 2018-02-23 | 南京大学（苏州）高新技术研究院 | A kind of injection shear and method for being used for ground in-situ test based on fiber grating |
| CN108592855A (en) * | 2018-04-28 | 2018-09-28 | 中国民航大学 | A kind of airfield pavement lower part excavation deformation monitoring device based on BOTDA sensing technologies |
| CN108592813A (en) * | 2018-08-09 | 2018-09-28 | 长安大学 | A kind of Excavation Deformation of Deep Foundation Pits real-time monitoring device |
| CN109141269B (en) * | 2018-10-09 | 2023-08-15 | 应急管理部国家自然灾害防治研究院 | Distributed fiber grating hole wall strain gauge |
| CN109141269A (en) * | 2018-10-09 | 2019-01-04 | 中国地震局地壳应力研究所 | Distributed fiber grating hole wall strain gauge |
| CN109507453A (en) * | 2018-12-06 | 2019-03-22 | 广州广电计量检测股份有限公司 | A kind of revolving speed calibration system and calibration method based on fiber grating |
| CN110530622A (en) * | 2019-09-10 | 2019-12-03 | 北京理工大学 | A kind of structural fatigue detection device based on fiber grating |
| CN115014221A (en) * | 2022-05-05 | 2022-09-06 | 武汉理工大学 | Fiber grating sensor microstructure and process suitable for mounting and fixing heterogeneous surface |
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