The biomass high-temperature flue gas gasification combination coal-burning boiler
Technical field
The utility model belongs to the coal-burning boiler technical field, particularly a kind of biomass high-temperature flue gas gasification combination coal-burning boiler.
Background technology
The flue gas that coal-fired power plant gives off is rich in CO
2, SO
2, NO
X, CO
2Be main greenhouse gases, a large amount of uses of fossil fuel give off a large amount of CO
2Cause global warming to raise SO
2And NO
XEnter atmosphere and cause acid rain and photochemical pollution, the heavy damage ecological environment.The coal-powder boiler unit that the 100MW unit capacity is following because less economical, pollutant discharge amount is big, is faced with the policy pressure that is forced closed.And biomass fuel is because its zero CO
2Discharging, SO
2And NO
XDischarge capacity is very low, as reproducible new forms of energy, the utilization of biomass fuel is just by the support of policy, the biomass fuel generating becomes increasingly extensive, but the biomass fuel caloric value is low, and the biomass power generation unit capacity is little, the biomass fuel supply is unstable, combustion stability is relatively poor relatively, and efficiency of combustion is low, and simple biomass fermentation power technology is difficult to large-scale application.With biomass fuel utilization and the combination of coal fired power generation technology, original low capacity coal-powder boiler generating set is transformed into living beings and coal-powder boiler cogeneration unit, will remedy both sides' deficiency, prolong the service life of medium and small coal-powder boiler unit.Prior biological matter and coal-powder boiler cogeneration technology mainly contain 2 big classes: living beings and fire coal are handled the back compound combustion respectively; Living beings and unified burning after coal-fired the mixing.
The technology of burning respectively after living beings and the coal-fired processing respectively, modal is living beings and the coal-fired broken pulverized coal preparation system that uses respectively separately, use burner tissue separately burns respectively.Living beings and fire coal can shared burners, also can use burner separately respectively.This Technology Need is installed the conveyance conduit of biomass fuel, controls and safeguards that boiler is cumbersome.Also can design special burner separately in the compound combustion technology for biomass fuel.Living beings are rich in alkali metal, the content of Cl is also very high, owing to causing ash fusion point, alkali-metal existence reduces after the mixed combustion, the agglutinating property dust stratification increases, cause the ash deposition propensity and the alkali metal high temperature corrosion tendency of heating surfaces such as boiler water wall superheater reheater to strengthen, the etching problem of HCl is also very serious simultaneously.And living beings and coal dust firing control is difficulty comparatively, causes combustion instability during the biomass fuel quality fluctuation easily, and the flame kernel fluctuation causes unburned carbon in flue dust and boiler slag carbon content to increase, and combustible loss increases.Though the compound combustion mode can lower NO to a certain extent
XDischarge capacity, still, biomass fuel is sent to the reburning zone as secondary fuel, biomass fuel belongs to solid fuel, its reductive NO
XEffect limited, NO
XConcentration of emission reduce relatively limited.
Living beings and the coal-fired unified combustion technology in back of mixing are that living beings and fire coal are at first mixed, and pulverize through coal pulverizer then, and the pipeline by pulverized coal preparation system is transported to burners in prior again, the tissue burning.This mode can make full use of original pulverized coal preparation system and combustion apparatus, and is simple, invests low.But it might reduce boiler output, restriction living beings kind and usage ratio.And coal dust is two kinds of fuel that physical property is different with living beings after all, its ignition temperature, burning time, aerial flow trace etc. are all different, combustion instability appears in mixed unified burning easily, degradation problem under flame kernel variation, the efficiency of combustion.And living beings are rich in alkali metal, owing to causing ash fusion point, alkali-metal existence reduces after the mixed combustion, the agglutinating property dust stratification increases, and causes the ash deposition propensity and the alkali-metal high temperature corrosion tendency of heating surfaces such as boiler water wall superheater reheater to strengthen, and the etching problem of HCl is also very serious simultaneously.This combustion system discharges NO in the flue gas down
XConcentration of emission higher
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this utility model is the deficiency at prior biological matter and coal-powder boiler combination power plant, and a kind of biomass high-temperature flue gas gasification combination coal-burning boiler is provided.
The technical solution adopted in the utility model is: described biomass high-temperature flue gas gasification combination coal-burning boiler, its structure is: the furnace outlet of coal-burning boiler is drawn the high-temperature flue gas pipeline, draw the low-temperature flue gas pipeline before the smoke inlet of the air preheater of coal-burning boiler, article two, flue is connected to the flue gas blender jointly, the flue gas blender is connected with gasification furnace, gas-purification chamber, booster fan, combustion gas holding vessel successively, feeds the reburning zone of coal-burning boiler at last; Be connected with the living beings storehouse on the gasification furnace.
Between described coal-burning boiler and the flue gas blender low-temperature flue gas pitch is set, between described air preheater and the flue gas blender high-temperature flue gas pitch is set, the total door of flue gas is set between described flue gas blender and the gasification furnace, between described combustion gas holding vessel and the coal-burning boiler combustion gas adjustment doors is set.
The side of described gasification furnace is the position matter inlet of making a living on the lower side, and the bottom of gasification furnace is provided with a plurality of smoke inlets, and the top of gasification furnace is provided with the biological fuel gas outlet.
The furnace chamber of described coal-burning boiler is divided into primary zone, reburning zone and burning-out zone from top to bottom, three layers of pulverized coal whirl burning device are set on the furnace wall in described primary zone, the combustion gas spout that one deck communicates with the combustion gas holding vessel is set on the furnace wall of described reburning zone, one deck after-flame wind OFA spout is set on the furnace wall of described burning-out zone.
Described combustion gas spout is circle and the circular ring structure that three concentric circles are formed, and is respectively interior secondary air channel, biological fuel gas passage and outer secondary air channel from inside to outside.
The beneficial effects of the utility model are:
(1) the utility model adopts high-temperature flue gas as the thermal source gasified bio-matter, reduces the tar content in the biological fuel gas.Biological fuel gas through sending into coal-powder boiler corresponding reburning zone burning after the preliminary treatment, is reduced alkali metal and HCl, H in the biological fuel gas
2The content of S, the ash deposition propensity, alkali metal high temperature corrosion tendency and the chlorine corrosion that alleviate biological fuel gas are inclined to.
(2) the utility model adopts high-temperature flue gas gasification living beings, the biological fuel gas CO of generation
2The concentration height has been realized the hypothermia and hypoxia burning after entering into specially the biomass fuel air burner of design, formed strong reducing property atmosphere, and combustion gas is to NO
XReduction effect be much better than biomass solid to NO
XReduction effect, effectively reduce NO
XConcentration.
(3) generating of living beings gasification associating coal-powder boiler has flexible operation modes, and living beings account in 0~30% scope of total fuel ratio, the operation that whole system still can be stable.The use of living beings has reduced CO
2And SO
2Discharging.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is described biomass high-temperature flue gas gasification coal-powder boiler combustion with reduced pollutants system architecture schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of described gasification furnace;
Fig. 3 (a) and Fig. 3 (b) are respectively the structure front view and the side view of described combustion gas spout;
Fig. 4 is the distribution schematic diagram of combustion gas spout, coal burner, after-flame wind OFA spout.
Number in the figure:
The 1-air preheater; 2-low-temperature flue gas pitch; 3-flue gas blender; The total door of 4-flue gas; 5-high-temperature flue gas pitch; 6-living beings storehouse; The 7-gasification furnace; 8-gas-purification chamber; The 9-booster fan; 10-combustion gas holding vessel; 11-combustion gas adjustment doors; 12-combustion gas spout; The 13-coal burner; 14-after-flame wind OFA spout; The 15-coal-burning boiler.
The specific embodiment
The utility model provides a kind of biomass high-temperature flue gas gasification combination coal-burning boiler, below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments the utility model is described further.
As shown in Figure 1, the furnace outlet of coal-burning boiler 15 is drawn the high-temperature flue gas pipeline, draw the low-temperature flue gas pipeline before the smoke inlet of the air preheater 1 of coal-burning boiler 15, article two, flue is connected to flue gas blender 3 jointly, flue gas blender 3 is connected with gasification furnace 7, gas-purification chamber 8, booster fan 9, combustion gas holding vessel 10 successively, feeds the reburning zone of coal-burning boiler 15 at last; Be connected with living beings storehouse 6 on the gasification furnace 7.Between coal-burning boiler 15 and flue gas blender 3, low-temperature flue gas pitch 2 is set, between described air preheater 1 and the flue gas blender 3 high-temperature flue gas pitch 5 is set, the total door 4 of flue gas is set between described flue gas blender 3 and the gasification furnace 7, between described combustion gas holding vessel 10 and the coal-burning boiler 15 combustion gas adjustment doors 11 is set.
As shown in Figure 2, the side of gasification furnace 7 is the position matter inlet of making a living on the lower side, and the bottom of gasification furnace 7 is provided with a plurality of smoke inlets, and the top of gasification furnace 7 is provided with the biological fuel gas outlet.
Shown in Fig. 3 (a) and Fig. 3 (b), combustion gas spout 12 is circle and the circular ring structure that three concentric circles are formed, and is respectively interior secondary air channel, biological fuel gas passage and outer secondary air channel from inside to outside.
As shown in Figure 4, the furnace chamber of coal-burning boiler 15 is divided into primary zone, reburning zone and burning-out zone from top to bottom, and total height is 54m; On the furnace wall in the primary zone that described coal-burning boiler 15 absolute altitudes are 15m~18m three layers of pulverized coal whirl burning device 13 are set, on the furnace wall of the reburning zone that described coal-burning boiler 15 absolute altitudes are 21m the combustion gas spout 12 that one deck communicates with combustion gas holding vessel 10 is set, one deck after-flame wind OFA spout 14 is set on the furnace wall of the burning-out zone that described coal-burning boiler 15 absolute altitudes are 24m.
When described biomass high-temperature flue gas gasification combination coal-burning boiler is worked, temperature is about 1100~1200 ℃ high-temperature flue gas and draws from the furnace outlet of coal-burning boiler 15, temperature is about 350 ℃ low-temperature flue gas and draws before the smoke inlet of coal-burning boiler air preheater 1, two strands of flue gases enter flue gas blender 3, by adjusting the aperture of low-temperature flue gas pitch 2 and high-temperature flue gas pitch 5, change the ratio of low-temperature flue gas ratio and high-temperature flue gas, thereby the flue-gas temperature of adjusting 3 outlets of flue gas blender is 970~1020 ℃.The total door 4 of flue gas is a cut-off gate, opens during the gasification system operation, closes when gasification system is stopped transport.The volumetric concentration of main gas component is CO in the flue gas
2: 14~16%, O
2: 3~8%, H
2O:8~12%, N
2: 64~75%.
Living beings enter gasification furnace 7 by living beings storehouse 6 from the side inlet of gasification furnace 7; Flue gas enters into gasification furnace 7 as gasifying agent from the bottom inlet of gasification furnace 7, by entering gasification furnace 7 reaction compartments behind the air distribution plate uniformly, the biological fuel gas that produces carries a large amount of solid particles through the separator initial gross separation, biological fuel gas is drawn and is gone to gas-purification chamber 8, solid particle is then got back to gasification furnace, again gasify, improve the carbon conversion efficiency of biomass fuel.High-temperature flue gas as gasifying agent is rich in CO
2And steam, and temperature is adjusted in 1100~1200 ℃.The steam that is rich in the flue gas can be used as gasifying medium, steam has not only quickened the reaction of charcoal and steam, and strengthened the degree of secondary response, make the abundant cracking of the tar that in the primary first-order equation process, produces, can also strengthen reforming reaction, strengthen the reaction relevant such as reaction of steam and CO, make the gas yield increase, the productive rate reduction of tar and charcoal with steam.Under the effect of high-temperature flue gas, gasification furnace moves under 950~1050 ℃ high temperature, makes that tar ingredients and condensate content are very low in the biological fuel gas, effectively gasification efficiency and the reliability of system operation stability that improves.O in the flue gas
2Content is lower, helps controlling oxygen/living beings ratio, improves gasification efficiency.Therefore, adopt high-temperature flue gas as gasifying agent, gasification efficiency improves, and system economy is good, and is stable.
Biological fuel gas after the gasification enters clean room 8 and carries out preliminary purification, removes H
2Impurity such as S, HCl, tar through entering into combustion gas holding vessel 10 behind the booster fan 9 raising pressure heads, according to the needs of boiler operatiopn, are regulated the gas control valve aperture, and biological fuel gas enters into the burner hearth burning of coal-burning boiler 15 through combustion gas spout 12.The volumetric concentration of the main gas component of biological fuel gas is CO:18~22%, CH
4: 2~5%, H
2: 15%, CO
2: 12~14%, N
2: 49~53%.
The caloric value ratio enters into the primary zone burning at the main fuel coal more than 70% by coal burner 13, and the excess air coefficient in primary zone is 1.05~1.2, guarantees that coal dust can fully burning under the oxygen enrichment situation in the primary zone.Biological fuel gas accounts for 0~30% of total fuel ratio, and the interior secondary air channel of combustion gas spout 12 feeds 5~10% interior secondary wind, with timely supplemental oxygen, improves the mixing uniformity of air and biological fuel gas; Biological fuel gas is from biological fuel gas passage ejection, and its spouting velocity is not less than 12m/s, to guarantee that temperature field and flue gas flow field distribute rationally in the boiler; Outer secondary wind feeds from outer secondary air channel, and its wind speed is not less than 20m/s.The excess air coefficient of reburning zone is 0.7~0.9, and non-combustible gas content height in the biological fuel gas, so the calorific value of biological fuel gas is low, is 4500~5500KJ/m
3, biological fuel gas has been realized the hypothermia and hypoxia burning in the reburning zone, combustion intensity is low, the NO that combustion process generates
XConcentration is low; Biological fuel gas is at the reburning zone imperfect combustion, and the reburning zone is rendered as reducing atmosphere, the CH in the biological fuel gas
4, CO gas directly reduces the NO in the flue gas of primary zone
XSecondary wind enters into burning-out zone from after-flame wind OFA spout 14, and the excess air coefficient of burning-out zone is 1.1~1.3, in time replenishes air, guarantees the abundant burning of uncombusted material in the flue gas, makes NO in the flue gas
XConcentration reduces more than 60%.And three passages and the after-flame wind OFA spout 14 of coal burner 13, combustion gas spout 12 are provided with baffle plate respectively, by regulating the folding of each baffle plate, can regulate the ratio of coal dust, biological fuel gas and secondary wind.
During normal the operation, the caloric value of coal dust accounts for 75% of coal-burning boiler burner hearth gross calorific power, and the biological fuel gas caloric value accounts for 25% of gross calorific power.Coal dust is at the primary zone oxygen-enriched combusting, and the primary zone excess air coefficient is controlled to be 1.05, and biological fuel gas is at the reburning zone combustion with meagre oxygen, and the reburning zone excess air coefficient is controlled to be 0.8, and the burning-out zone excess air coefficient is controlled to be 1.2.When biomass fuel supply instability, can correspondingly reduce the supply of reburning zone biological fuel gas, the corresponding simultaneously supply that increases coal dust.Even when biomass fuel lacks, can stop the supply of biological fuel gas, and adopt coal dust to act as a fuel fully, at this moment, the secondary windshield plate aperture of combustion gas spout 12 is set at 20%, provides a certain amount of secondary wind, cooled nozzle.Strengthen the secondary windshield plate aperture of coal burner 13 simultaneously, increase secondary air flow, suitably reduce the baffle opening of after-flame wind OFA spout 14, reduce the ratio of after-flame wind, to guarantee the stability of stove internal combustion.The method of operation such as table 1 under the different living beings ratios:
The method of operation under table 1.4 kind of the common operating mode
|
The coal dust ratio, % |
The living beings ratio, % |
Coal burner two windshield plate apertures, % |
Combustion gas spout secondary windshield plate aperture, % |
The OFA baffle opening, % |
Operating mode 1 |
70 |
30 |
50 |
60 |
100 |
Operating mode 2 |
80 |
20 |
70 |
45 |
70 |
Operating mode 3 |
90 |
10 |
85 |
30 |
40 |
Operating mode 4 |
100 |
0 |
100 |
20 |
20 |
Therefore, combustion method described in the utility model can adapt to the combustion conditions of different living beings ratios, flameholding, and the method for operation is flexible.