CN201341881Y - Bio-electrical impedance imaging device for 128 passage - Google Patents
Bio-electrical impedance imaging device for 128 passage Download PDFInfo
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- CN201341881Y CN201341881Y CNU2009200953026U CN200920095302U CN201341881Y CN 201341881 Y CN201341881 Y CN 201341881Y CN U2009200953026 U CNU2009200953026 U CN U2009200953026U CN 200920095302 U CN200920095302 U CN 200920095302U CN 201341881 Y CN201341881 Y CN 201341881Y
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Abstract
The utility model relates to a bio-electrical impedance imaging device for a 128 passage. The imaging device mainly comprises main function modules, including an electrically driven module, a gating module for exciting passage, a gating module for measuring passage, a signal conditioning module, a system control module, a computer imaging module and the like; and meanwhile, LCD display and EEPROM storage auxiliary function modules and the like are expanded. The utility model adopts the back projection imaging method. The utility model has the characteristics of high imaging speed and high resolution, and is applicable to real-time imaging. By being used together with the clinic electrocardio-electrode, the bio-electrical impedance imaging device can image the thoracic impedance changing process in real time during the organism respiration process, and has the characteristics of good repeatability, high reliability, high speed, clear picture, low cost, no damage and the like.
Description
Technical field
This utility model relates to medical instruments and equipment and medical science functional imaging technology, is specially a kind of bio-electrical impedance imaging device of 128 passages.
Technical background
(Electrical Impedance Tomography, EIT) technology is with the anti-distribution of organism internal resistance to electrical impedance imaging or be changed to a kind of novel undamaged biomedical the detection and imaging technique of imageable target.Utilize the EIT technology, can show organism inner tissue distribution of impedance image, bio-tissue impedance with the image of frequency change, organism organ physiological activity (as breathe, heartbeat) time the impedance variation image.Owing to adopt the mode that adds safe alternating current, be the non-intruding detection technique, and be the functional imaging technology aspect postgraduate's object physiological function and the medical diagnosis on disease important clinic value is being arranged.It has easy, noinvasive, cheap advantage, also can be used as to organism carry out for a long time, the equipment of on-line monitor.Early prevention, diagnosis, treatment and medical treatment generaI investigation to disease all have very significant meaning, receive the concern of numerous researcheres.
At present, the EIT system is by driving the faradic current mode that the metering system branch mainly contains current drives voltage measurement mode, voltage driven current metering system and occurs in recent years; Be divided into two kinds of single-frequency and multifrequencies from driving frequency; Be divided into train, mid-shunt system, parallel system, distributed system and Adaptable System from structure; Quantity by measurement electrode is divided into 8 electrodes, 16 electrodes, 32 electrodes, 64 electrodes; By the dimension branch of imaging two-dimentional EIT system and three-dimensional EIT system are arranged.Most EIT system design still is in the experimental stage of physical model, also has certain distance from clinical practice, mainly be system precision, speed, and imaging resolution etc. all await further raising.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this utility model is to provide a kind of bio-electrical impedance imaging device of 128 passages, utilize this device can carry out the real-time collection and the functional imaging of thoracic cavity electrical impedance change procedure information in the human body respiration process, be used for effectively reliable multiple yardstick, the experiment of different conductive materials and the experimentation of multiple biological in vitro tissue.Characteristics such as the speed that the utlity model has is fast, clear picture, cost are low, not damaged.
The bio-electrical impedance imaging device of 128 passages that this utility model provides mainly comprises:
System control module is used for the control of total system, and the amplitude of selective system exciting current, frequency and phase place are selected motivation model and measurement pattern.
The current drives module is used to dispose the parameter of four sinusoidal wave form generators, generates the sine voltage signal with selected amplitude, frequency and phase place, by the Voltage-controlled Current Source circuit in the current drives module voltage signal is converted to four road current signals again.
Excitation passage gating module is used for four counter electrode according to selected motivation model gate array, divides four layers to be applied to the measured target surface four road current excitation signals, sets up responsive in measured target inside.
Measure passage gating module, it is right to be used for according to the respective electrode of selected measurement pattern gate array, extracts the voltage signal on measured target surface, and sends in the signal condition module.
The signal condition module, be used for tentatively amplifying through the instrument amplifying circuit earlier, signal is adjusted into the signal that is suitable for the demodulator circuit input voltage range through Programmable Gain Amplifier Circuit again by system control module control, behind demodulator circuit and A/D change-over circuit, with conversion of signals is digital signal, and sends into the system control module image data.
Computer carries out imaging in computer-internal by node back projection imaging algorithm with collection result by computer interface circuit (serial communication interface or USB interface).
Described system control module is the system control module of DSP+FPGA.
Described electrical impedance imaging device comprises that also LCD shows and EEPROM (EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memo)) storage miscellaneous function module.
The frequency of described exciting current is 1KHz-1MHz.Motivation model can be chosen as adjacent pattern, relative pattern and alternate (1-6 electrode at interval) pattern with measurement pattern; Phase contrast between described four layers of pumping signal is selected arbitrarily between 0 °-360 °.
Described computer interface circuit is serial communication interface or usb circuit.
Described system structure is the serial-to-parallel mixed structure, and 64 dual pathways combination electrodes are divided into 4 layers, 16 every layer.The working method serial of every layer of electrode.Work simultaneously for four layers, its working method walks abreast.
Described electrod-array is 64 twin-channel combination electrodes, and rectangular electrodes is used for excitation, and circular electrode is used for measuring.
The step that the bio-electrical impedance imaging method of a kind of 128 passages that this utility model provides comprises:
1) frequency, amplitude and phase place, motivation model and the measurement pattern by system control module selective system exciting current.
2) parameter of four sinusoidal wave form generators of configuration generates the sine voltage signal with institute's selected frequency, amplitude and phase place, voltage signal is converted to four road current signal (I again
1～I
4).
3) according to the electrode in the selected motivation model gate array 4, select pair of electrodes for every layer, divide four layers to be applied to the measured target surface four road current excitation signals, set up responsive in measured target inside;
4) right by measuring passage gating module according to the respective electrode in the selected measurement pattern gate array 4, extract the voltage signal on measured target surface, and send in the signal condition module;
5) signal tentatively amplifies through the instrument amplifying circuit earlier, through Programmable Gain Amplifier Circuit signal is adjusted into the signal that is suitable for the demodulator circuit input voltage range again, is digital signal with conversion of signals, and sends into the system control module image data.
6) in computer, image data is carried out imaging by node back projection imaging algorithm.
The step (seeing flow chart Fig. 5) that described node back projection imaging algorithm comprises:
1) setting up with the node is the auxiliary unit at center, satisfies condition:
All auxiliary units can be finished dispersing to field domain, do not overlap and do not omit, whole field domain is put together by node unit, and, except that the unit, border, each node is positioned at the center of auxiliary unit, the structure of node unit can by each triangular unit center of gravity and each limit mid point line surrounded is the requirement that the polygon at center just can satisfy node unit with the node, as shown in Figure 4.
2) with the node unit be basic calculating unit, use back projection's method with internal driving the projection value on border along equipotential line the anti-node unit of throwing in the territory, backing up shadow zone; Right by changing exciting electrode, the projection value on corresponding border is instead thrown back the node unit computing that superposes again, just obtain the resistance value of each node unit.
3) do smoothing processing with the base pixel unit of node unit as reconstructed image, and to the resistance value of each node unit, each node unit is dispersed is littler pixel cell; With the resistance value of node unit value as its center node location pixel cell of living in, again according to internodal mutual alignment, obtain the value of other pixel cell by interpolation calculation, when carrying out interpolation arithmetic, can be with the discrete fine and closely woven grid of field domain, as the display pixel matrix of reconstructed image for rule.
The bio-electrical impedance imaging device of 128 passages that this utility model provides has outstanding feature:
1) whole system adopts modularized design, mainly contain current drives module, excitation passage gating module, measure main functional modules such as passage gating module, signal condition module, system control module and computer generated image, expanded miscellaneous function modules such as LCD demonstration and EEPROM storage simultaneously.
2) adopt 64 twin-channel combination electrodes, make system have 128 excitations and measurement passage.
3) system selects the serial-to-parallel mixed structure for use, and excitation and 64 combination electrodes measuring divide 4 layers, and the working method between every layer is parallel, and each layer driving and measuring circuit are worked simultaneously; And the working method between the identical layer is serial, and excitation and the combination electrode of measuring take turns gating, encourages and measures.
4) to utilize DSP (TMS320F2812) be kernel control chip to this utility model, in conjunction with FPGA (EP1C3) technology, duty, working method to each functional module of system are controlled, simultaneously to the information of gathering store, processing etc., be the core cell of whole system.
5) this utility model adopts the node back projection method imaging algorithm that seminar proposed, and it is fast to have an image taking speed, and the characteristics that resolution is high are suitable for realtime imaging.
6) make up the three-dimensional cylinder experimental model of simulating 4 layers of 64 combination electrode in thoracic cavity, simulated the structure in organism thoracic cavity preferably, carried out experimental verification.
7) utilize this utility model, the clinical electrocardioelectrode of adapted can be carried out the realtime imaging of human body respiration process thoracic cavity electrical impedance change procedure.
8) the utlity model has that good reproducibility, reliability height, speed are fast, characteristics such as clear picture, cost are low, not damaged.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 structure chart of the present utility model.
Excitation of Fig. 2 this utility model and metering system sketch map.
Fig. 3 physical model figure of the present utility model.
Fig. 4 this utility model node unit organigram.
Fig. 5 this utility model node back projection imaging algorithm flow chart.
Fig. 6 this utility model is used for various testing of materials images.
Fig. 7 this utility model is used for human body respiration process image.
The specific embodiment
Below by embodiment this utility model is specifically described; they only are used for this utility model is further detailed; can not be interpreted as restriction to this utility model protection domain; those skilled in the art makes some nonessential improvement and adjustment according to above-mentioned content of the present utility model, all belongs to protection domain of the present utility model.
As shown in Figure 1, the 1st, system control module, the 2nd, the current drives module, the 3rd, excitation passage gating module, the 4th, electrod-array, the 5th, measure passage gating module, the 6th, signal condition module, the 7th, computer.
The bio-electrical impedance imaging device of a kind of 128 passages that this utility model provides mainly comprises: system control module 1, current drives module 2, excitation passage gating module 3, electrod-array 4, measurement passage gating module 5, signal condition module 6 and computer 7.Driver module, excitation passage gating module are arranged, measure main functional modules such as passage gating module, signal condition module, system control module and computer generated image, expanded miscellaneous function modules such as LCD demonstration and EEPROM storage simultaneously.
The bio-electrical impedance imaging device of a kind of 128 passages that this utility model provides is realized the step that imaging method comprises:
1) frequency, amplitude and phase place, motivation model and the measurement pattern by system control module 1 (DSP+FPGA, digital signal processor/field programmable gate array) the selective system exciting current among Fig. 1.The frequency range that can select is 1kHz-1MHz, and amplitude range is 0.1mA-2mA, and phase range is 0 °-360 °.Motivation model can be chosen as adjacent pattern, relative pattern and alternate (1-6 electrode at interval) pattern with measurement pattern.
2) parameter of four sinusoidal wave form generators by system control module configuration driven module 2, generation has the sine voltage signal of institute's selected frequency, amplitude and phase place, by the Voltage-controlled Current Source circuit in the current drives module 2 voltage signal is converted to four road current signal (I again
1～I
4).
3) under system control module control, by encouraging passage gating module 3 according to the electrode in the selected motivation model gate array 4, select pair of electrodes for every layer, divide four layers to be applied to the measured target surface four road current excitation signals, set up responsive in measured target inside.After the pending data collection finishes, switch the electrode pair that applies electric current, carry out the data acquisition of a new round, finish until measuring.
4) under system control module control, right by measuring passage gating module 5 according to the respective electrode in the selected measurement pattern gate array 4, extract the voltage signal on measured target surface, and send in the signal condition module 6.
5) in the signal condition module, tentatively amplify through the instrument amplifying circuit earlier, signal is adjusted into the signal that is suitable for the demodulator circuit input voltage range through Programmable Gain Amplifier Circuit again by system control module control, behind demodulator circuit and A/D change-over circuit, with conversion of signals is digital signal, and sends into the system control module image data.
6) by computer interface circuit (serial communication interface or usb circuit) collection result is sent into computer 7 by system control module,, carry out imaging by node back projection imaging algorithm in computer-internal.
Excitation metering system of the present utility model as shown in Figure 2.Expand the LCD display module simultaneously, be used to show pattern of the present utility model and various parameter; Expand the EEPROM memory module and be used for auxiliary storage.
Application Example of the present utility model: the cylinder experimental model of 4 layer of 64 dual pathways compound electrode
As shown in Figure 3, (1) is experimental model side-looking picture, and (2) are overlooked shown in the picture for experimental model, and this utility model adopts the lucite container of a column type to simulate the torso model experimental model.The high 30cm of container, interior diameter 30cm, wall thickness 0.8cm, in put NaCl solution.Evenly lay 64 combination electrodes on mould walls, each layer electrode centers 6cm at interval is evenly distributed on 4 planes.Compound electrode of the present utility model is the compound electrode of circular copper electrode and rectangle copper sheet composition form, and (3) are compound electrode sketch map among Fig. 3.Wherein, the diameter that is positioned at the central circular copper electrode is 0.9cm, and the length of rectangular copper electrode is 4cm, wide 2cm.
This utility model has been for further having improved image resolution ratio, the node back projection imaging algorithm of employing, and its principles illustrated is as follows:
In common back projection is calculated, suppose each subdivision unit internal resistance rate uniform distribution, with finite element subdivision unit as base pixel.Because the restriction of the operational speed of a computer, the unitary scale of subdivision is very limited, and makes the reconstructed image difficult quality obviously improve.As the base pixel of pictorial display, the bin that subdivision obtains or the size of volume elements are directly restricting the raising of image resolution ratio.
In order to improve image resolution ratio, series of discrete point in the plane as base pixel, is carried out data interpolating by the pixel value to the discrete point position and obtains the plane picture that continuous pixels distributes.In back projection's process, the information back projection on border must not gone back to the subdivision unit of forming the successive projection territory, and can utilize the method for data interpolating to obtain continuous pixels projection domain image after projecting to discrete nodes yet.Concrete grammar is as follows:
At first, setting up that node unit promptly sets up on the unitary basis of finite element subdivision with the node is the auxiliary unit at center, requires node unit to possess following feature: the first, and all auxiliary units are as the subdivision unit of finite element, also be able to finish discrete to field domain, promptly not overlap and do not omit.Like this, whole field domain just is put together by node unit; The second, except that the unit, border, each node is positioned at the center of auxiliary unit.The structure of node unit, as shown in Figure 4.
Then, be basic calculating unit with the node unit, use back projection's method with internal driving the projection value on border along equipotential line the anti-node unit of throwing in the territory, backing up shadow zone.Right by changing exciting electrode, the projection value on corresponding border is instead thrown back the node unit computing that superposes again, just obtain the resistance value of each node unit.
At last, the resistance value of each node unit is done smoothing processing.With the base pixel unit of node unit, and the resistance value of each node unit done smoothing processing, be littler pixel cell with each node unit is discrete as reconstructed image.With the resistance value of node unit value,, obtain the value of other pixel cell by interpolation calculation again according to internodal mutual alignment as its center node location pixel cell of living in.When carrying out interpolation arithmetic, can be with the discrete fine and closely woven grid of field domain, as the display pixel matrix of reconstructed image for rule.
Node back projection imaging method of the present utility model has been avoided on the one hand the calculating of unit voltage, and the subdivision number of nodes is less than element number far away, has significantly reduced amount of calculation; On the other hand, because subdivision node resistance value that will calculate with the base pixel of interpolation point as reconstructed image, is greatly enhanced the resolution of image by further fine and closely woven grid interpolation.
In order further to improve the resolution of image, this utility model as base pixel, carries out series of discrete point in the plane data interpolating by the pixel value to the discrete point position and obtains the plane picture that continuous pixels distributes.So, in back projection's process, the information back projection on border is not gone back to the subdivision unit of forming the successive projection territory, but projected to the reconstructed image that the method for utilizing data interpolating after the discrete nodes again obtains continuous pixels, further improved image resolution ratio.
Experimental model imaging of the present utility model and the imaging of human body respiration process:
The experimental model imaging:
The position that keeps to the side, the left side that the resin rodlet of long 40cm diameter 1cm is put into experimental model, the aluminium bar of long 40cm diameter 1cm is put into the center of experimental model, three resin rodlets of long 40cm diameter 2cm are put into experimental model, the resin rodlet of long 25cm diameter 1cm is put into the experimental model left side, the aluminium bar vertical hanging of long 4cm diameter 1cm is placed from bottom to top plane, second layer electrode place, stripped muscular tissue and a stripped fatty tissue branch of a pig are placed experimental model left side and right side respectively, experimentize and adopt the imaging of node back projection imaging algorithm, the result shown in (1) among Fig. 5-(6), (a)-(d) distinguishes corresponding four layers of planar reconstructed image in measurement electrode place from bottom to top respectively.
The imaging of human body respiration process:
Be equipped with electrocardioelectrode as the monitoring of respiration electrode, four layers of attachment of electrodes place-centric line position are: the following 3cm in human body xiphoid bone lower edge, xiphoid bone lower edge, the prominent above 3cm in bone lower edge and the above 6cm in xiphoid-process lower edge.Left-right symmetric is evenly arranged by girth.Excitation passage and the shared same electrode of measurement passage.In the human body respiration process, utilize this utility model human body thoracic cavity electrical impedance to change, and utilize node back projection imaging algorithm to carry out image reconstruction, the reconstructed results of image is seen Fig. 6, the corresponding respectively four layers of planar reconstructed image in measurement electrode place from bottom to top in (1)-(4).Can carry out realtime imaging to human body respiration process thoracic cavity electrical impedance change procedure.
Claims (8)
1, a kind of bio-electrical impedance imaging device based on 128 passages is characterized in that it mainly comprises:
System control module, be used for control to total system, the frequency, amplitude and the phase place that comprise the selective system exciting current, select motivation model and measurement pattern, control excitation passage and measure the gating of passage and the amplification of switching, adjustment Programmable Gain Amplifier Circuit, and with computer between communicate by letter;
The current drives module is used to dispose the parameter of four sinusoidal wave form generators, generates the sine voltage signal with institute's selected frequency, selected phase place, by the Voltage-controlled Current Source circuit in the current drives module voltage signal is converted to four road current signals again;
Excitation passage gating module is used for four counter electrode according to selected motivation model gate array, divides four layers to be applied to the measured target surface four road current excitation signals, sets up responsive in measured target inside;
Measure passage gating module, it is right to be used for according to the respective electrode of selected measurement pattern gate array, extracts the voltage signal on measured target surface, and sends in the signal condition module;
The signal condition module, be used for tentatively amplifying through the instrument amplifying circuit earlier, signal is adjusted into the signal that is suitable for the demodulator circuit input voltage range through Programmable Gain Amplifier Circuit again by system control module control, behind demodulator circuit and A/D change-over circuit, with conversion of signals is digital signal, and sends into the system control module image data;
Computer carries out imaging in computer-internal by node back projection imaging algorithm with collection result by serial communication interface or usb circuit.
2, imaging device according to claim 1 is characterized in that described system control module is the DSP+FPGA system control module.
3, imaging device according to claim 1 is characterized in that this imaging device comprises that also LCD shows.
4, imaging device according to claim 1 is characterized in that this imaging device comprises EEPROM storage miscellaneous function module.
5, imaging device according to claim 1, the frequency that it is characterized in that described exciting current is 1kHz-1MHz.
6, imaging device according to claim 1 is characterized in that described motivation model and measurement pattern are the phase inter mode of adjacent pattern, 1-6 electrode of relative pattern or interval.
7, imaging device according to claim 1 is characterized in that the phase contrast between described four layers of pumping signal is selected arbitrarily between 0 °-360 °.
8, imaging device according to claim 1 is characterized in that described electrod-array is 64 twin-channel combination electrodes of serial-to-parallel mixed structure, is used to encourage and 64 combination electrodes measured divide 4 layers, and the working method between every layer is parallel.
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