CN201340383Y

CN201340383Y - Double-ring soil infiltration runoff measuring instrument

Info

Publication number: CN201340383Y
Application number: CNU2009200790071U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 张乾轶
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2009-02-12
Filing date: 2009-02-12
Publication date: 2009-11-04
Anticipated expiration: 2019-02-12

Abstract

Disclosed is a double-ring soil infiltration runoff measuring instrument, which belongs to instrument for measuring soil infiltration speed and runoff speed. A graduated scale is arranged on a water storage tank, a constant water device is arranged under the water storage tank, a flow control valve used for ensuring water level in the constant water device to maintain in constant water level is arranged on a water outlet pipe on the bottom of the water storage tank, the water outlet of the flow control valve is positioned under the constant water level, a water outlet valve is arranged on the water outlet pipe on the bottom of the constant water device, a water sprinkling disc is arranged under the water outlet valve and infiltration holes are evenly distributed on the water sprinkling disc; an inner ring and an outer ring with lower parts inserted into ground in use process are arranged under the water sprinkling disc along coaxial line, the inner end of a conduit which is placed on ground surface and used for collecting runoff in use process is inserted into the inner ring through holes on the inner ring and the outer ring, the outer end of the conduit is extended into a beaker arranged on lower side. The double-ring soil infiltration runoff measuring instrument has simple structure, simple operation and small water consumption, and can accurately measure soil infiltration speed and runoff speed at the same time.

Description

Dicyclo soil infiltration footpath flow gauge

Technical field

The utility model relates to and is used to measure the soil infiltration rate instrument, particularly is applicable to the surveying instrument that in the scientific experiment soil infiltration and footpath flow rate is carried out quantitative test.

Background technology

Infiltrating and be meant the process that natural precipitation or artificial feedwater back surface water enter soil, is the important step in the nature water cycle.Soil infiltration capability is the build-in attribute of soil, and in infiltration process, soil infiltration rate tends towards stability at last along with the propelling of time constantly reduces, and reaches stable infiltration rate.The stable infiltration rate of soil equates with saturated hydraulic conductivity in soil or is close.When water supply intensity during greater than soil infiltration capability, the process that moisture enters soil is controlled by soil infiltration capability, and the face of land produces runoff simultaneously; When water supply intensity during less than soil infiltration capability, the speed that moisture enters soil is determined by water supply intensity.Therefore, infiltrate performance truly, accurately, in experiment, must guarantee stable water supply intensity in order to measure soil.

The method of measuring at present soil infiltration rate mainly contains disk and infiltrates instrument method, dicyclo method, artificial rain method etc.

Disk infiltrates the instrument method and mainly utilizes initial infiltration rate and stable infiltration rate to distinguish the soil infiltration that controlled by capillary force and gravity to flow.But its shortcoming is that the impermeability of disk is had relatively high expectations, and does not have the protection of similar double-ring infiltration instrument outer shroud in measuring process, and side leakage takes place easily, the measuring accuracy of influence experiment.The dicyclo method is infiltrated the instrument method with disk and is compared, and has increased the protection of outer shroud, has avoided side leakage effectively.But owing to be filled with water in the ring, the instability of head causes the variation of infiltration rate bigger, can not simulate actual rainfall effect well; In addition, because the dicyclo top is open (being convenient to reading), moisture evaporates simultaneously in the ring in infiltration process, causes the accuracy of measurement relatively poor.And,, can not measure the rainwash value though improved measurement accuracy for existing permanent head double-ring infiltration instrument.Artificial rain method is to simulate natural rainfall by artificial rain device, and under the situation that rainfall intensity remains unchanged, observation rainwash process is obtained soil infiltration capability by rainmaking amount and observation run-off.But this method need be set up test block water proof enclosure wall, and employed experimental facilities is complicated, and it is big to take up room, and is not easy to carry and operate, and experiment setup time is long, and water consumption is also very big.

The utility model content

The purpose of this utility model is to improve and a kind of dicyclo soil infiltration footpath flow gauge is provided at the shortcoming of prior art, so that experimental facilities is simple in structure, easy and simple to handle, experimental period is short, water consumption is little, importantly can measure simultaneously comparatively exactly and go into to blend runoff speed.

This novel purpose is achieved in that a kind of dicyclo soil infiltration footpath flow gauge, reserve tank is provided with rule, be positioned at the persevering hydrophone in reserve tank below, the rising pipe of reserve tank bottom is provided with as making the interior water level of permanent hydrophone remain on the flowrate control valve of permanent waterline, and the water delivering orifice of flowrate control valve is positioned at permanent underwater, the rising pipe of permanent hydrophone bottom is provided with outlet valve, and the outlet valve below is provided with the watering dish, the uniform infiltration hole that has on the watering dish; Also have be positioned at watering dish below, along the ring and the outer shroud that are coaxially set, the face of land is inserted in the bottom when using, in stretching into as the hole of the inner on outer shroud and interior ring that places on the face of land, collects the conduit of run-off during use in the ring, among the beaker below the conduit outer end is stretched into and is positioned at.

Compared with prior art, this novel beneficial effect is:

Simple, easy and simple to handle, the consuming time weak point of device structure, water consumption are few, can measure simultaneously comparatively exactly and go into to blend runoff speed.

Experimentize when measuring, instrument need be debugged outside the Experimental Area.At first, water is added from the piston mouth, this moment, the valve of reserve tank below was in closed condition.After the topped up with water, cover tight piston mouth (can be coated with a little vaseline around the piston in case of necessity), open the valve of reserve tank below this moment, allows permanent hydrophone retaining, keeps the valve of permanent hydrophone below to be in closed condition simultaneously, reaches permanent waterline up to the water surface of permanent hydrophone.Since the piston seal of upper strata reserve tank, external container atmospheric pressure and the mutual balance of inner gas-liquid pressure sum, and liquid stops to flow downward, unless there is extraneous gas to enter from conduit.After the liquid level of permanent hydrophone reaches permanent waterline, can open the valve of permanent hydrophone below this moment, regulate roughly required simulated rainfall amount in the experiment, note the opening degree of valve.After having debugged, valve-off moves on to the top of the inner and outer rings that places with instrument, places drainage tube and beaker simultaneously, just can begin experiment measuring.After the experiment beginning, that notes reserve tank earlier opens the beginning reading, opens valve by the permanent hydrophone valve opening degree under the precedence record.When the conduit of soil surface has water to flow in the beaker, can begin to measure run-off this moment, must note the water yield in the beaker this moment, and (about 3 minutes) write down the reading of a beaker at set intervals, and general test constantly got final product in 1 hour.Close the valve of permanent hydrophone below this moment, note the water level reading of reserve tank once more, finish experiment measuring.In the experiment accurately the simulated rainfall amount determine by the reading of two sub-reservoirs, and run-off is to obtain by the indirect measurement to liquid volume, also need to carry out conversion on the numerical value according to the survey area of reality, infiltration rate then is to be obtained by the difference between the above two.

This novel being specially adapted to is carried out quantitative test to soil infiltration and footpath flow rate in the scientific experiment.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is this novel structural drawing;

Fig. 2 is the vertical view of watering dish shown in Figure 1.

Embodiment

Fig. 1 illustrates, reserve tank 1 is provided with rule 2, be positioned at the persevering hydrophone 7 in reserve tank 1 below, the rising pipe of reserve tank bottom is provided with as making the interior water level of permanent hydrophone remain on the flowrate control valve 4 of permanent waterline 6, and the water delivering orifice of flowrate control valve is positioned at permanent underwater, the rising pipe of permanent hydrophone 7 bottoms is provided with outlet valve 8, and the outlet valve below is provided with watering dish 9, the uniform infiltration hole that has on the watering dish; Also have be positioned at watering dish below, along the ring 10 and the outer shroud 11 that are coaxially set, the face of land 12 is inserted in the bottom when using, in encircling in stretching into as the hole of the inner on outer shroud and interior ring that places on the face of land, collects the conduit 13 of run-off during use, the Kong Shangke of outer shroud and interior ring is provided with the rubber sleeve (not shown), be convenient to pull and push conduit on the one hand, seal on the other hand.The conduit outer end is stretched among the beaker 14 that is positioned at the below.Reserve tank 1 top is provided with the filler, and the filler is provided with piston cap 3.The sidewall that permanent hydrophone 7 is positioned at permanent waterline top is provided with circular window 5.Permanent hydrophone 7 lower sidewalls are provided with circular window 5a, so that regulate the unlatching of permanent hydrophone below outlet valve 8.

Embodiment 1:

The top reserve tank of band rule, reserve tank is a cylinder, diameter 30cm (hereinafter diameter all refers to internal diameter), high 50cm can provide enough water yields for measurement, is with a transparent scale chi, and precision is the mm level, is used for survey measurements.The reserve tank top has an opening to be used to add water, is sealed with a piston 3, and the bottom is with a conduit water can be introduced permanent hydrophone, and has flow control valve on the conduit, the water storage control when being used to test beginning.Permanent hydrophone is a cylinder, diameter 30cm, and high 10～20cm, wherein conduit mouth is at about 3/4 place of permanent hydrophone height.During measurement, permanent hydrophone water level constant always herein (permanent waterline position), the constant hydraulic pressure and the higher simulated rainfall amount upper limit are provided, the part that permanent hydrophone is higher than the water surface has the circular window of diameter a 3～5cm, two effects are arranged: the first is observed permanent hydrophone retaining situation by this window, and regulates reserve tank valve opening degree; It two is to allow permanent hydrophone be communicated with outside atmosphere, makes the water of permanent hydrophone can enter the watering dish smoothly.Permanent hydrophone bottom links to each other with the watering dish by a conduit, and is same, has a flowrate control valve on the conduit, is used to control the size of simulated rainfall amount.Watering dish 9 is closed containers of a flat, is about 5～10cm apart from the height of soil surface, the infiltration hole that its underpart is distributing tiny uniformly, and diameter is 1～2mm, the space between the hole is 10mm.For the actual infiltration process of soil under the simulating actual conditions after accepting rainfall, the simulated rainfall zone is divided for endocyclic area and outer region: endocyclic area is the border circular areas of diameter 20cm, is the actual measurement zone of experiment; (outer shroud 11 diameters are 30cm for diameter 30cm deducts the concentrically ringed annular region of interior ring of diameter 20cm in the outer region, interior ring 10 diameters are 20cm), inner and outer rings all will be inserted 5～10cm in soil in measurement, is used to prevent that side from oozing and eliminate the influence of outside soil environment to soil.In addition, be close to the place of soil surface at interior ring and draw a conduit, and (excavate a duck eye usually) in the position that is lower than the face of land and put a beaker, be used for the run-off of measured soil.

Claims

1, a kind of dicyclo soil infiltration footpath flow gauge, it is characterized in that: reserve tank (1) is provided with rule (2), be positioned at reserve tank (1) below persevering hydrophone (7), the rising pipe of reserve tank bottom is provided with as making the interior water level of permanent hydrophone remain on the flowrate control valve (4) of permanent waterline (6), and the water delivering orifice of flowrate control valve is positioned at permanent underwater, the rising pipe of permanent hydrophone (7) bottom is provided with outlet valve (8), and the outlet valve below is provided with watering dish (9), the uniform infiltration hole that has on the watering dish; Also have be positioned at watering dish below, along the ring (10) and the outer shroud (11) that are coaxially set, the face of land (12) is inserted in the bottom when using, in stretching into as the hole of the inner on outer shroud and interior ring that places on the face of land, collects the conduit (13) of run-off during use in the ring, among the beaker (14) below the conduit outer end is stretched into and is positioned at.

2, according to the described dicyclo soil infiltration of claim 1 footpath flow gauge, it is characterized in that: described reserve tank (1) top is provided with the filler, and the filler is provided with piston cap (3); Hole on outer shroud (11) and the interior ring (10) is provided with is convenient to the rubber sleeve that conduit (13) pulls and pushes.

3, according to the described dicyclo soil infiltration of claim 2 footpath flow gauge, it is characterized in that being: the sidewall that described permanent hydrophone (7) is positioned at permanent waterline top is provided with circular window (5).

4, according to the described dicyclo soil infiltration of claim 3 footpath flow gauge, it is characterized in that: described reserve tank (1) and permanent hydrophone (7) are cylinder, and internal diameter is Φ 30cm, the high Φ 50cm of reserve tank, the high 10～20cm of permanent hydrophone; Outer shroud (11) internal diameter is Φ 30cm, and interior ring (10) internal diameter is Φ 20cm.

5, according to the described dicyclo soil infiltration of claim 4 footpath flow gauge, it is characterized in that: the aperture in infiltration hole is 1～2mm on the described watering dish, pitch-row 10mm.