CN201214074Y - Cone core type supersonic condensation cyclone separation device - Google Patents
Cone core type supersonic condensation cyclone separation device Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
技术领域 technical field
本实用新型属于压力气体的膨胀制冷和冷凝分离技术领域,是一种使气体高速膨胀降温,再在其高速旋转流场中分离重组分凝液的静止式冷凝分离装置。The utility model belongs to the technical field of expansion refrigeration and condensation separation of pressurized gas, and is a static condensation separation device which makes gas expand and cool at high speed, and then separates heavy component condensate in its high-speed rotating flow field.
背景技术 Background technique
利用压力气体压力能膨胀制冷,使其中的重组分冷凝成液体,然后进行气液分离,以实现混合气体中重组分的分离。这项技术可以广泛的应用于各种混合气体的分离场合,尤其是在天然气脱水净化和轻烃回收领域极具应用价值。常规的天然气深冷工艺常采用“布雷顿”循环,关键设备是膨胀制冷机,其中有透平膨胀机、气波制冷机或节流阀等。节流阀的结构简单,但其只是等焓降压,压力能利用率很低,制冷温度有限。透平膨胀机的效率较高,但操作、管理和维护繁杂,带液运行能力差。发展简易、耐用、易操作管理的新型一体化制冷加分离技术,对于天然气处理等领域的意义重大。壳牌公司(Shell)在1997年购买了超音速分离的相关专利后,进一步研发并着力将其应用于天然气处理,取得一些突破,先后对其Twister装置申请了多项国际专利(US 6513345B1,US2002/0194988 A1,US 2003/0145724 A1,WO 03/092850 A1,WO 2004/020074等)。并于2003年在马来西亚石油公司海上气田及尼日利亚气田开发中得到了验证与应用,目前仍在完善与改进中。壳牌公司的Twister装置主要用于高压气体的脱水,在压力为7~15MPa和烃冷凝压力超过5MPa条件下,在重量、机体积和成本方面有较大的节省,在海上应用有较大的优势。Twister装置具无活动部件和不需添加化学药剂等特点,且可无人操作。但该装置产生旋流的部件是大后掠角长三角翼,尽管具有旋流分离效率高的优点,但在该构件附近易产生激波,破坏低温低压环境,造成冷凝流场的不稳定。西安交通大学提出多进气道超音速旋流分离与回压装置(ZL200610043158.2),其旋流发生采用多个渐缩或超音速喷嘴,使气流增速,温度降低到湿气凝结所需的过冷度以下,使重组分在过冷的氛围中凝结成核并长大,同时高速气流沿着一定的切向进入旋流分离管。但该装置喷嘴中产生的液滴在射入分离管时,易使已经凝结的液滴二次挥发,引起不必要的过冷度损失;喷嘴出口的气体速度过高(音速或超音速),旋转强度过大,降低了总压效率。此外,Shell的Twister和西交大的多进气道超音速旋流分离与回压装置的超音速旋流分离部分,都是采用角度较小的渐扩管,加工这种光滑渐扩管的难度很大,而且渐扩管中旋流强度会随渐扩管直径的增加而减小,降低气液分离效果。Using pressure gas pressure energy to expand and refrigerate, the heavy components in it are condensed into liquid, and then the gas-liquid separation is carried out to realize the separation of heavy components in the mixed gas. This technology can be widely used in the separation of various mixed gases, especially in the fields of natural gas dehydration purification and light hydrocarbon recovery. The conventional cryogenic process of natural gas often adopts the "Braton" cycle, and the key equipment is the expansion refrigerator, including a turbo expander, a gas wave refrigerator or a throttle valve. The structure of the throttle valve is simple, but it is only isenthalpic step-down, the utilization rate of pressure energy is very low, and the refrigeration temperature is limited. The efficiency of the turboexpander is high, but the operation, management and maintenance are complicated, and the ability to run with liquid is poor. The development of a new integrated refrigeration plus separation technology that is simple, durable, and easy to operate and manage is of great significance to natural gas processing and other fields. Shell (Shell) purchased the relevant patents of supersonic separation in 1997, further developed and applied it to natural gas processing, made some breakthroughs, and applied for a number of international patents for its Twister device (US 6513345B1, US2002/ 0194988 A1, US 2003/0145724 A1, WO 03/092850 A1, WO 2004/020074, etc.). In 2003, it was verified and applied in the development of Petronas offshore gas field and Nigerian gas field, and it is still being perfected and improved. Shell's Twister device is mainly used for dehydration of high-pressure gas. Under the condition of pressure of 7-15MPa and hydrocarbon condensation pressure exceeding 5MPa, it has great savings in weight, machine volume and cost, and has great advantages in offshore applications. . The Twister device has the characteristics of no moving parts and no need to add chemicals, and it can be operated unmanned. However, the swirl-generating part of the device is a large-swept long-delta wing. Although it has the advantage of high swirl separation efficiency, it is easy to generate shock waves near the component, destroying the low-temperature and low-pressure environment, and causing the instability of the condensation flow field. Xi'an Jiaotong University proposed a multi-inlet supersonic swirl separation and backpressure device (ZL200610043158.2). The swirl generation uses multiple tapered or supersonic nozzles to increase the speed of the airflow and reduce the temperature to the level required for moisture condensation. Below the supercooling degree, the heavy component condenses and nucleates and grows in the supercooled atmosphere, and at the same time, the high-speed airflow enters the cyclone separation tube along a certain tangential direction. However, when the liquid droplets produced in the nozzle of the device are injected into the separation tube, the condensed liquid droplets are easily volatilized again, causing unnecessary supercooling loss; the gas velocity at the nozzle outlet is too high (sonic or supersonic), Excessive rotation strength reduces the total pressure efficiency. In addition, Shell's Twister and the supersonic cyclone separation part of the multi-inlet supersonic cyclone separation and back pressure device of Xi'an Jiaotong University both use diffusers with small angles, and it is difficult to process such smooth diffusers. It is very large, and the swirl intensity in the expander will decrease with the increase of the diameter of the expander, reducing the gas-liquid separation effect.
发明内容 Contents of the invention
本实用新型的目的在于克服上述现有技术的不足,提供一种结构简单、加工容易、运行稳定可靠、压力转换效率较高、用于混合气体冷凝分离的制冷与分离一体化的锥芯式超音速冷凝旋流分离装置。The purpose of the utility model is to overcome the shortcomings of the above-mentioned prior art, and provide a cone-core supercharger with simple structure, easy processing, stable and reliable operation, high pressure conversion efficiency, and integration of refrigeration and separation for condensation and separation of mixed gases. Sonic condensation cyclone separation device.
本实用新型锥芯式超音速冷凝旋流分离装置的技术解决方案为:采用向流道中插入锥芯的结构,遂使包括旋流发生器、渐缩旋转强化段和冷凝分离喷管的横截面,均是由一个锥芯占据中心位置而与外壳内壁围成的环形。The technical solution of the cone core type supersonic condensation cyclone separation device of the utility model is: the structure of inserting the cone core into the flow channel is adopted, so that the cross section including the cyclone generator, the tapered rotation strengthening section and the condensation separation nozzle , are rings surrounded by a cone core occupying the central position and the inner wall of the shell.
由于插入锥芯的直径可以在各处任意改变,因此环形流道就很容易形成截面渐缩、喉部相等段、截面渐扩的结构,特别是在超音速渐扩段,可以采用直径逐渐缩小的锥芯而喷管内径保持不变的策略,形成沿长度方向上外径不变、内径不断缩小的环截面扩锥流道,不但避免了加工渐扩流道内孔的困难和成本,而且流道的外径保持不变,内径缩小,内旋流场更加增强。这如同涡流管的作用,使在内径处的气流温度更低,露点更低且凝液充分外甩分离,更有利于提高出口气的干度。Since the diameter of the inserted cone core can be changed arbitrarily, the annular flow channel can easily form a structure with tapered cross-section, equal throat section, and gradually expanded cross-section. Especially in the supersonic gradual expansion section, the diameter can be gradually reduced. The strategy of keeping the cone core and the inner diameter of the nozzle constant, forms a ring cross-section expanding cone flow channel with a constant outer diameter and continuously shrinking inner diameter along the length direction, which not only avoids the difficulty and cost of processing the inner hole of the gradually expanding flow channel, but also improves the flow rate. The outer diameter of the channel remains unchanged, the inner diameter is reduced, and the inner swirling flow field is more enhanced. This is like the function of the vortex tube, which makes the temperature of the airflow at the inner diameter lower, the dew point is lower, and the condensate is fully separated by external separation, which is more conducive to improving the dryness of the outlet gas.
本实用新型锥芯式超音速冷凝旋流分离装置中,分离作用的旋转流场是由周向均布的弯弧形叶片导流产生的,这些叶片使气体切向进入加速流道,在外孔和内芯均为缩锥的亚音速流道段,流道的半径缩减很快,根据动量矩守恒规律,流体的旋转角速度会大幅度提高,可以产生很强的离心力场。In the utility model cone-core type supersonic condensation swirl separation device, the swirling flow field for separation is generated by the guide flow of curved and arc-shaped blades uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction. The core is a subsonic flow channel section with a tapered cone, and the radius of the flow channel decreases rapidly. According to the law of conservation of momentum moment, the rotational angular velocity of the fluid will be greatly increased, which can generate a strong centrifugal force field.
本实用新型锥芯式超音速冷凝旋流分离装置,由外壳内孔和插入的锥芯围成通流截面渐缩、喉部和渐扩的流道,流体在流道中被加速到很高的超音速,静温则降到与马赫数相对应的低温,使其中的重组分过冷凝析,并伴随着气流的高速自旋被分离导流道的内壁,细小液滴不断地互相碰撞长大,并在气流的带动下向下游流动。The cone core type supersonic condensation cyclone separation device of the utility model is surrounded by the inner hole of the shell and the inserted cone core to form a flow channel with a tapered flow section, a throat and a gradual expansion, and the fluid is accelerated to a very high speed in the flow channel. At supersonic speed, the static temperature drops to a low temperature corresponding to the Mach number, so that the heavy components in it are condensed and condensed, and accompanied by the high-speed spin of the airflow, they are separated from the inner wall of the guide channel, and the small droplets continue to collide with each other and grow up. , and flow downstream under the drive of the airflow.
在气流流速最大值附近的流道处,通过内孔的扩大转折,续接从下游插入的锥管,在内孔壁处套接形成一道环形的缝隙出口,由此将内壁的凝液膜(含一部分气体)导流出流道,进到积液腔中汇集,再从出液口排出。而干气则大部分流入接续锥管,在其入口后面产生激波,速度降成亚音速,压力和温度上升,再流过接续锥管的渐扩流道,减速扩压,压力和温度回升,最后从干气出口排出。At the flow channel near the maximum value of the air flow velocity, through the enlarged turning point of the inner hole, the conical pipe inserted from the downstream is continued, and an annular gap outlet is formed by socketing at the wall of the inner hole, so that the condensate film on the inner wall ( Contains a part of the gas) to guide out of the flow channel, enter the liquid accumulation chamber and collect, and then discharge from the liquid outlet. Most of the dry gas flows into the connecting conical pipe, and shock waves are generated behind the inlet, the speed drops to subsonic speed, the pressure and temperature rise, and then flows through the expanding flow channel of the connecting conical pipe, decelerating and expanding, and the pressure and temperature rise , and finally discharged from the dry gas outlet.
本实用新型锥芯式超音速冷凝旋流分离装置的结构特点为:The structural features of the cone core type supersonic condensation cyclone separation device of the utility model are as follows:
1.渐缩接续等径的内孔流道和分段变径的插入式锥芯。1. The inner hole flow channel with tapered and continuous equal diameter and the plug-in cone core with segmental diameter reduction.
针对于流道内孔难以加工、难以保证尺寸精度、光洁度质量的固有不利,创造出内孔只加工亚音速渐缩锥和圆柱孔,配合内插直径变化的锥芯的方法,实现了环状的亚音速、喉部和渐扩段流道,从而避开了机加工的难点,容易获得精度高、表面光滑的流道表面。并且,这样的超音速流道由于向内扩展,可使内旋流场更加强烈,能提高气液分离的效果。而且由于内锥的存在,可以减小气体旋转沿径向的速度梯度,降低能量损失。且圆环截面与圆柱截面相比,可缩短液滴的径向沉降距离。Aiming at the inherent disadvantages that the inner hole of the flow channel is difficult to process, it is difficult to guarantee the dimensional accuracy, and the quality of the finish, a method of only processing subsonic tapered cones and cylindrical holes in the inner hole is created, and a method of interpolating a cone core with a changing diameter is created to achieve a ring shape. Subsonic speed, throat and diverging section flow channel, thus avoiding the difficulty of machining, and easy to obtain the surface of the flow channel with high precision and smooth surface. Moreover, since such a supersonic flow channel expands inward, it can make the inner swirling flow field more intense, and can improve the effect of gas-liquid separation. Moreover, due to the existence of the inner cone, the velocity gradient of the gas rotation along the radial direction can be reduced, reducing energy loss. Moreover, compared with the cylindrical section, the ring section can shorten the radial settlement distance of the droplet.
2.气体通过旋流发生器进入亚音速流道。2. The gas enters the subsonic flow channel through the swirl generator.
气体从进口进到稳压腔之后,再径向进入数个预旋叶片流道,各个叶片之间形成向内渐缩的通道,将气体逐渐加速,并由径向转成切向进入喷管流道。After the gas enters the plenum chamber from the inlet, it enters into several pre-rotating vane channels radially, and an inwardly tapering channel is formed between each vane, which gradually accelerates the gas, and turns from radial direction to tangential direction into the nozzle. runner.
3.缩径更大的亚音速旋流增强锥段。3. Subsonic swirl enhanced cone section with larger diameter reduction.
由于在亚音速段,流道内锥和内芯直径可以同时大幅度缩小,而保证流道截面积不会骤缩,因此可以实现更大的径缩比,使气流旋转的角速度增幅更甚,分离能力更加强化。In the subsonic section, the diameters of the inner cone and inner core of the flow channel can be greatly reduced at the same time to ensure that the cross-sectional area of the flow channel will not shrink suddenly, so a larger diameter reduction ratio can be achieved, and the angular velocity of the airflow rotation will increase even more. The ability is more strengthened.
4.干气体导出通道采用二次扩张的结构。4. The dry gas outlet channel adopts a secondary expansion structure.
在凝液出口之后的插入式气体导出通道采用略微扩张之后续一段等径段,然后再扩张的结构,第一次扩张的作用是使冷凝分离喷管末端和液体出口环缝附近保持超音速,避免激波前移,造成对冷凝分离段流场的影响。从第一扩张段过渡到等径段,干气流通过弱的斜激波减速到音速以下;而第二扩张段才是真正的扩压器段,亚音速气流在此等熵减速增压。如果流道参数设计的好,本实用新型锥芯式超音速冷凝旋流分离器的压力降可以较小。The plug-in gas outlet channel after the condensate outlet adopts a slightly expanded structure followed by a section of equal diameter, and then expanded again. The function of the first expansion is to maintain supersonic speed near the end of the condensation separation nozzle and the liquid outlet annular gap. Avoid moving the shock wave forward, which will affect the flow field in the condensation separation section. Transitioning from the first expansion section to the isodiametric section, the dry gas flow is decelerated below the speed of sound by a weak oblique shock wave; while the second expansion section is the real diffuser section, where the subsonic flow is decelerated and supercharged. If the parameters of the flow path are well designed, the pressure drop of the cone core type supersonic condensation cyclone separator of the utility model can be relatively small.
本实用新型锥芯式超音速冷凝旋流分离装置所达到的有益效果为:不需外加动力,通过简单的结构,使混合气体如天然气等自身膨胀加速到超音速,静温极大降低,从而使重组分冷凝,并在其自产生的强力离心力场的作用下实现凝液的分离。The beneficial effects achieved by the cone-core type supersonic condensation cyclone separation device of the utility model are as follows: no external power is needed, and the self-expansion of the mixed gas such as natural gas is accelerated to supersonic speed through a simple structure, and the static temperature is greatly reduced, thereby The heavy components are condensed, and the separation of the condensate is realized under the action of the strong centrifugal force field generated by itself.
下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本实用新型做进一步的说明。The utility model will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
附图说明 Description of drawings
图1是本实用新型锥芯式超音速冷凝旋流分离装置的结构示意图。Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the cone core type supersonic condensation cyclone separation device of the present invention.
图2是本实用新型旋流发生器的剖面图。Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the swirl generator of the present invention.
图3是本实用新型内插锥芯的结构示意图。Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the inserting cone core of the utility model.
图中,1、压力气入口,2、旋流发生器,3、外壳锥管,4、锥芯,5、外壳柱管,6、导液器,7、支架,8、插入式气体导出通道,9、干气出口,10、排液口,11、集液腔,12、超音速降温分离流道,13、喉部流道,14、亚音速和旋流加速流道,15、稳压腔,16、锥芯短锥段,17、锥芯短柱段,18、锥芯长渐细锥段,19、锥芯细柱段。In the figure, 1. Pressure gas inlet, 2. Swirl flow generator, 3. Shell cone tube, 4. Cone core, 5. Shell column tube, 6. Liquid guide, 7. Bracket, 8. Plug-in gas outlet channel , 9. Dry gas outlet, 10. Liquid discharge port, 11. Liquid collection chamber, 12. Supersonic cooling separation channel, 13. Throat channel, 14. Subsonic and swirl acceleration channel, 15. Pressure stabilization Cavity, 16, cone core short cone section, 17, cone core short column section, 18, cone core long taper cone section, 19, cone core thin column section.
具体实施方式 Detailed ways
本实用新型提出的锥芯式超音速冷凝旋流分离装置,主要由旋流发生器2、外壳锥管3、锥芯4、外壳柱管5、导液器6、支架7、插入式气体导出通道8、集液腔11、超音速降温分离流道12、喉部流道13、亚音速和旋流加速流道14和稳压腔15组成。The cone-core type supersonic condensation cyclone separation device proposed by the utility model is mainly composed of a swirl generator 2, a shell cone tube 3, a cone core 4, a shell column tube 5, a liquid guide 6, a bracket 7, and a plug-in gas outlet. Channel 8,
加速和分离流道的外壳由不同的圆盘、外壳锥管3、外壳柱管5分段焊接组成,然后机加工出锥形与柱形内孔流道。导液器6也是由外壳、接管和法兰焊接而成,机加工后与加速和分离流道通过内外孔圆配合对位、螺纹连接、O型圈密封。入口的稳压腔15与加速和分离流道采用法兰连接,以便于拆装清洗或更换旋流发生器2和锥芯4。The shell of the acceleration and separation flow channel is composed of different discs, the shell cone tube 3, and the shell column tube 5, which are welded in sections, and then the tapered and cylindrical inner hole flow channels are machined. The liquid guide 6 is also welded by the shell, the connecting pipe and the flange. After machining, it cooperates with the acceleration and separation flow channel through the inner and outer holes for alignment, thread connection, and O-ring seal. The
旋流发生器2中的叶片为弧形或弧形加扭曲叶片,一般为4~8片,厚度为2~3毫米,周向均布,高度方向与分离流道轴线平行,叶片张角α与叶片数量有关,一般为60~110°。相邻叶片构成进气流道,流道最小截面积由叶片最小间距w和叶片高度决定。壳体亚音速锥段的外壳锥管3的收缩角一般为20~50°,对位的锥芯短锥段16的锥角一般为10~40°。壳体超音速段的外壳柱管5为等径圆柱孔,其长度为内径的8~30倍,与其对位的锥芯的长渐细锥段18的锥角为1~8°。锥芯短柱段17的长度为2~20毫米,与外壳锥管3和外壳柱管5的交界线对位,形成流道的喉部。插入式气体导出通道8有二次渐扩,第一段扩张角为5~20°,其后为等径内孔段的过渡,等径段长度为3~30毫米,后接第二扩张段,其扩张角为7~30°。内插锥芯4占据流道的部分有四段:锥芯短锥段16与壳体的锥段围成亚音速和旋流加速流道14,锥芯短柱段17与壳体的锥、柱交界区段构成喉部流道13,而锥芯长渐细锥段18与壳体的长内孔柱段围成渐扩的超音速降温分离流道12,最后段的细柱段19穿入支架7的中心孔,主要起对中定位和支撑防振的作用。The blades in the swirl generator 2 are arc-shaped or arc-shaped plus twisted blades, generally 4 to 8 pieces, with a thickness of 2 to 3 mm, uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction, and the height direction is parallel to the axis of the separation channel. It is related to the quantity, generally 60-110°. Adjacent blades constitute the air inlet flow channel, and the minimum cross-sectional area of the flow channel is determined by the minimum distance between the blades w and the height of the blades. The shrinkage angle of the shell cone tube 3 of the subsonic cone section of the shell is generally 20-50°, and the cone angle of the counter-positioned
压力气体从入口1进入稳压腔15中,通过旋流发生器2流道径向进入轴向加速管,先流过亚音速和旋流加速流道14使气流加速到音速,并由于半径减小而加速强烈旋转,经过喉部流道13进到超音速降温分离流道12,超音速马赫数逐渐增大,静温降到很低,气中的重组分因过冷而凝析,再在强烈旋转离心力场的作用下离心沉降到流道的壁面,形成液膜并在气流的冲刷下流向下游,夹带小部分气体从液体出口环缝流出到导液器6中,经集液腔11流出排液口10。而干气则进入后续的插入式气体导出流道管8,先将超音速变亚音速,然后继续扩压减速,从干气出口9流出。The pressurized gas enters the
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