Summary of the invention
At the problems referred to above, the purpose of this utility model provides a kind of locomotive wheel to pilot system, and it can make and be subjected to the examination wheel to smooth startup, and the warranty test platform normally moves, and can enhance productivity.
For achieving the above object, the utility model is taked following design: a kind of locomotive wheel is characterized in that comprising to pilot system: wheel is to testing table more than one, and each described wheel comprises an operation power cabinet respectively to testing table; One operation control system comprises a programmable controller, wherein is preset with the program of control each assembly connection, switching and experiment process; One starts power cabinet, and each described wheel is connected with described startup power cabinet by an A.C. contactor respectively testing table, and the closure of described ac contactor contact and disconnection are by described programmable controller controls; One excitation system, it is provided with promising each described exciting transformer that testing table is provided magnetic field of taking turns correspondingly, the secondary side of each described exciting transformer is connected with two A.C. contactors respectively, one of them the closing of contact of described programmable controller controls two described A.C. contactors is to be connected the armature coil serial or parallel connection that is tried motor on the testing table with described the wheel; One power distribution cabinet is taken turns testing table, startup power cabinet, operation control system and excitation system incoming transport power supply for described.
In the above-mentioned the technical solution of the utility model, each described exciting transformer primary side end of incoming cables is respectively arranged with two A.C. contactors, two described A.C. contactors are the AC power that described exciting transformer inserts two different brackets, with the field voltage of two grades of output height.
In the above-mentioned the technical solution of the utility model, be provided with the inlet wire reactor in the end of incoming cables of described startup power cabinet and each operation power cabinet.
In the above-mentioned the technical solution of the utility model, be provided with smoothing reactor at described startup power cabinet and each output terminal that moves power cabinet.
The utility model is owing to take above design, it has the following advantages: 1, the utility model starts power cabinet owing to be provided with one separately, start in the series excitation mode and to be tried motor, reduced the starting current of motor, only just can start smoothly and be tried motor, the startup difficult problem that big electric current caused when having overcome existing testing table because of startup with little electric current.2, the utility model is controlled the A.C. contactor circuit switched by PLC, but makes a motor that tried that starts on a plurality of testing tables of power cabinet sequence starting, has improved production efficiency.3, the utility model easily produces the problem of driving at the motor loss of excitation, and it is dual chain to have designed field voltage is given and armature voltage is given program setting and external control, and it is perfectly safe to guarantee to control.4, the utility model adopts the method for weak magnetic speed-up, is about to field voltage and is divided into two grades, drops into respectively when low speed and high speed, cooperates high speed, low speed, just changes, the backing propeller test Process Control System, can shorten test period and improve test mass.5, control system of the present utility model can realize the soft start and the soft stop of motor, reduces the impact to electrical network, prolongs service life of equipment.Have fault-operation protection and operation steps memory function, prevent equipment and personal injury.Have under-voltage simultaneously, superpotential, undercurrent, excess current, phase shortage, short circuits etc. are protection and warning function automatically.Improve the power factor of motor, reduced reactive loss, and saved electric energy in a large number.The used components and parts of whole electric-control system, cable can dwindle model specification, electric current and electric pressure greatly, have reduced equipment cost.6, electric control system of the present utility model utilizes the PLC operation circuit to switch, and primary connection just can be finished Total Test, need not to change wiring, and simple to operate.Have fault-operation protection and operation steps memory function simultaneously, can prevent equipment and personal injury.7, the utility model is workbench with the operator's console, and the staff can control and monitor the experiment running status wheel, and not only convenient but also safety can also reduce labour intensity.
Embodiment
In order to describe structure of the present utility model, characteristics and effect in detail, existing following preferred embodiment of act and conjunction with figs. are described as follows.
As shown in Figure 1, the utility model comprises that direct current starts power cabinet 1, excitation system 2, three wheels operator's console 3 to testing table and each device of control, each wheel disposes a DC operation power cabinet 4,5,6 respectively to testing table, be provided with A.C. contactor and various action button, switch and the display device of the core apparatus Programmable Logic Controller PLC of electric control system, the connection of a plurality of commutation circuit in the operator's console 3, each device inserts power supplys from power distribution cabinet 7.
The utility model will start power cabinet 1 separate with the operation power cabinet, is powered by different power cabinets when moving when dc traction motor is started.By the self-characteristic of direct current generator as can be known, can produce big torque when same armature coil is connected with magnetic field, the torque that produces when in parallel is then less.Because wheel needs bigger torque to need to overcome bigger resistance in start-up course when therefore starting.For avoiding its traditional excitation magnetic mode to start the big electric current that is caused, the utility model adopts the mode of excitation series excitation to motor when starting, strengthen the torque when starting.As shown in Figure 2, when needs start a testing table, A.C. contactor J1 adhesive, J2, J3 disconnect, and armature coil S1-S2 and the magnetizing coil C2-C1 (as shown in Figure 1) of tested motor D 1 self is connected in series formation series excitation state.The power of the tested motor D 1 of the utility model is 410KW, and using the voltage when starting the startup of power cabinet 1 series excitation is 50 volts, and electric current is 150A, much smaller than the existing starting current that starts cabinet 1000A.Make the output power of the utility model power initiation cabinet 1 only need 0~50KW can satisfy the startup requirement, be far smaller than the output power that existing direct current generator starts switch board 400KW.Hence one can see that, and the utility model had both been realized big torque output, had controlled the output of electric current again, can reduce the impact to electrical network.
After tested motor D 1 startup is finished, just the less normal course of operation of intake resistance, at this moment required torque is less, therefore after entering normal operation, tested motor D 1 just A.C. contactor J1 can be disconnected, make operation power cabinet 4 incisions of this testing table, tested motor D 1 changes by 4 power supplies of operation power cabinet, make A.C. contactor J11 or J12 adhesive simultaneously, the armature coil S1-S2 of tested motor D 1 is in state in parallel with the magnetic field that exciting transformer LCB1 is provided, and tested motor D 1 is in it and swashs running status.
After tested motor D 1 changes operation power cabinet 4 power supply by this testing table, can start the tested motor of other testing table just start power cabinet 1, as start No. two testing tables tried motor D 2.Thus, the utility model can start the motor that tried of a plurality of testing tables successively, makes a plurality of testing tables all can normally carry out test job.The startup power cabinet 1 of the utility model by a low capacity is set solves the startup problem of a plurality of testing tables, not only improved work efficiency greatly, and can reduce the capacity of original power cabinet, the line footpath of lead, reduces equipment cost.
In order to reduce the influence of drive apparatus to electrical network, reduce the mutual interference mutually that starts power cabinet 1 and move 4,5,6 of power cabinets, add inlet wire reactor DK (as shown in Figure 2) in the inlet wire side that exchanges that starts power cabinet 1 and each operation power cabinet 4,5,6.In order to make current of electric continuous, reduce the engine commutator spark again, the output terminal at each operation power cabinet 4,5,6 and startup power cabinet 1 has additional smoothing reactor DK1, DK2, DK3, DK4 again.
In order to protect tested the motor not big voltage of armature during the reason high speed, big electric current and damage, excitation system 2 of the present utility model adopts the method for " weak magnetic speed-up ", and field voltage is divided into two grades, drops into respectively when low speed and high speed.
As shown in Figure 3, excitation system 2 of the present utility model comprises 3 exciting transformer LCB1, LCB2, LCB3, magnetic field is provided for respectively No. one~No. three testing tables.The primary side end of incoming cables of exciting transformer LCB1, LCB2, LCB3 is respectively arranged with two A.C. contactor LJ1a, LJ1b, LJ2a, LJ2b, LJ3a, LJ3b, the contact of the contactor that adhesive is different, exciting transformer LCB1, LCB2, LCB3 just can distinguish 380 volts of power supplys of incoming transport or exchange 220 volts of power supplys, export different voltage thus.To try motor D 1 No. 1 an of testing table is example, when motor is in the slow running state, and external communication contactor LJ1b adhesive, exciting transformer LCB1 inserts 380 volts of alternating voltages, exports 4.1 volts of voltages, and motor is among the high-intensity magnetic field.When motor is in the high-speed cruising state, external communication contactor LJ1a adhesive, exciting transformer LCB1 inserts 220 volts of alternating voltages, exports 2.4 volts of voltages, and motor is in the low-intensity magnetic field, reaches by weakening the purpose that magnetic field promotes motor speed.
The programmed instruction that is provided with among exciting transformer LCB1, LCB2, the Programmable Logic Controller PLC of LCB3 by electric control system is controlled the adhesive of external communication contactor LJ1b, LJ1a, to realize the alternating voltage output of different electric pressures.As shown in Figure 2, the alternating voltage of exciting transformer LCB1, LCB2, LCB3 output is exported the magnetizing coil of the DC voltage of two different electric pressures to tested motor through rectifier CZL1, CZL2, CZL3 rectification at its secondary side, forms its and swashs running status.One of output is then exported one than low dc voltage than High Level DC Voltage when another A.C. contactor LJ1a adhesive when A.C. contactor LJ1b adhesive, promptly realizes " weak magnetic speed-up ", the high, low speed break-in when being used to take turns to operation.The DC voltage of two different electric pressures is output as interlocked relationship, is subjected to the PLC programmed control.Be magnetic field output or be high voltage, or be low-voltage that the two can only one.
Simultaneously insert undercurrent relay on each rectifier loop, when electric current was reduced to setting value on the loop, undercurrent relay sent signal to PLC, turn-offed the armature voltage of tested motor.Thereby prevent to cause " driving " of tested motor because of " loss of excitation ".
Electric control system of the present utility model has adopted the core of programmable controller PLC as The whole control system, and its programming flexibly, and is multiple functional, long working life.Can use its inner numerous and diverse intermediate link of soft relay simplifying relay system; realize soft wiring logical constitution system; all controls; protection; the duty indication all cooperates outside given switching value and signal to finish by the virtual relay of PLC inside by soft line, can avoid staff's maloperation, and the fault of being convenient to work and maintenance personal is got rid of; also be convenient to realize centralized control and monitoring, and the field external wiring is easy.Make the utility model can operator's console 3 be workbench, the staff can control and monitor the experiment running status wheel, and not only convenient but also safety can also reduce labour intensity.
The utility model DC motor speed-regulating partly adopts speed, electric current, voltage three ring control system.Detect the position of each action button, switch, the size of potentiometer set-point by PLC.Then according to the action of each contactor of programmed control of setting, and then control the start and stop of each motor.Adopt the method for weak magnetic speed-up, be about to field voltage and be divided into two grades, when low speed and high speed, drop into respectively.Designed high speed, low speed, just changeed, the backing propeller test Process Control System, control the start and stop of each motor, realizing each test action of defined, thereby shortened test period and improved test mass.
As shown in Figure 4, what start power cabinet 1, three operation power cabinets 4,5,6 and each testing table is tried motor D 1, D2, D3 and excitation system all with among the status signal input programmable logic controller PLC in the operational process, PLC judges according to default program whether each device operation is normal, and sends control signal corresponding.It is influenced by the moment of resistance when considering wheel to break-in, (this rotating speed is by Ministry of Railways's testing regulations regulation under a given rotating speed, amount to wheel to rotating speed according to the locomotive speed per hour, by wheel rotating speed is folded to again that motor speed decides), the armature electric current is originally bigger, and after the certain hour break-in, electric current revert to a less stationary value, after being stabilized in this value, along with the time increases also no longer variation of electric current.So this current value is made as fiducial value, as the motor series excitation start finish, it is encouraged, and running is just being changeed low speed, just changeed at a high speed, counter-rotating low speed, counter-rotating finish at a high speed metric.In program composition,, will go up an operating mode, operating mode will be finished the input that resets as R as S set input based on the KEEP instruction.The action of KEEP just as one by S set, latch relay by what R resetted.
The course of work of the present utility model is as follows:
As Fig. 5, shown in Figure 6, after the PLC control program begins, select earlier testing table position (three platform position in any), just will start power cabinet 1 behind the selected platform position is connected with the motor that tried of this testing table, enter series type excitation the unloading phase, tried motor with electric current, voltage, among status signals such as the rotating speed input PLC, when the current value that feeds back to PLC in less than program during default reference current, PLC can judge that being tried motor has finished to start and enter normal course of operation, PLC just sends instruction, make this testing table and start A.C. contactor (J1/J2/J3) disconnection that power cabinet 1 is connected, and the A.C. contactor J11 or the J12 that are connected with exciting transformer, J21 or J22, J31 or J32 adhesive are tried motor and are entered running-in test (it the encourages magnetic) stage of being powered by the operation power cabinet of this testing table.At this moment, PLC instructs the A.C. contactor that connects startup power cabinet 1 to be connected to next testing table position on the one hand, PLC then remembers this position and has finished to start and enter running in stage on the other hand, and instruct this testing table just changeing low speed successively, just changeing high speed, counter-rotating low speed, counter-rotating test period of adjustment at a high speed, control the closure and the disconnection of each A.C. contactor, to finish above-mentioned action by weak magnetic speed-up.Whenever finish a break-in action, PLC is all remembered and is chain with a last action, progressively finishes according to default step to ensure test, and the warranty test quality also can prevent equipment and personal injury.After all test procedures were finished, PLC removed this is tried the locking of motor, and program is returned former firing platform position, and the wheel that prompting operation person can more renew is to testing.
J11 in the utility model, J12, J21, J22, J31, J32 are A.C. contactor, and its adhesive is controlled by the program output of PLC with disconnection.Its DC voltage that act as two different electric pressures of independent output is given the magnetizing coil of tested motor, forms the forward and backward that it swashs running status.Tested motor just changes when J11, J21, J31 adhesive, tested motor counter-rotating when J12, J22, J32 adhesive, the forward and backward break-in when being used to take turns to operation.The forward and backward of tested motor is an interlocked relationship, is subjected to the programmed control of PLC, promptly tested motor or just changeing, or counter-rotating, and the two can only one.
In order to realize taking turns to of every requirement of testing table position to control system, guarantee that whole process of production is safe and reliable, any person and equipment breakdown can not take place.The utility model carries out meticulous control by PLC to the testing table position.System can realize the soft start and the soft stop of motor, and specific implementation process is the lead-out terminal point that feeds back to startup cabinet or switch board by the output signal of PLC.Disconnect when will produce driving as normally stopping or running into magnetic field, turn-off the controllable silicon of operation power cabinet earlier, and then control contactor disconnects.During startup, process in contrast.Greatly reduce impact, prolonged service life of equipment electrical network.Have under-voltage simultaneously, superpotential, undercurrent, excess current, phase shortage, short circuits etc. are protection and warning function automatically.Specific implementation process is the lead-out terminal point that feeds back to startup power cabinet or operator's console 3 by the output signal of PLC, utilizes the own function that starts power cabinet or operation power cabinet, feeds back to the urgency of exporting corresponding sound and light alarm and opertaing device among the PLC again and stops.Like this, improved the power factor of motor, reduced reactive loss, and saved electric energy in a large number.Can test motor to each and control, and the strict protection of pair testing table is arranged.
For ease of plant maintenance, fuse of the present utility model adopts fusing back band display type, so that the quick diagnosis fault.Relay adopts guide tracked mount type, is convenient to change.Main loop cabling adopts the special DC cable, to improve electrical efficiency.The cold end terminal distribution is adopted in the control loop wiring, to reduce failure rate.For enhancing productivity, all operations are all carried out on operator's console, and have the voltage of each testing table, electric current to show.