CN209908204U

CN209908204U - Automatic turn-over door buffering hinge of opening and close

Info

Publication number: CN209908204U
Application number: CN201920385400.7U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 蔡耿锡
Original assignee: Guangdong Saca Precision Manufacturing Co Ltd
Current assignee: Guangdong Saca Precision Manufacturing Co Ltd
Priority date: 2019-03-23
Filing date: 2019-03-23
Publication date: 2020-01-07
Anticipated expiration: 2029-03-23

Abstract

The utility model provides an automatically opened and closed upturning door buffering hinge, which comprises a door bracket and a hinge seat, wherein a transmission assembly is hinged between the connection of the hinge seat and the door bracket, and comprises a first connecting rod, a second connecting rod, a rotating cam and a bearing assembly; the central point shaft of the rotary convex shaft is connected to the hinge base, the first connecting rod and the second connecting rod are mutually crossed, and the end heads of the first connecting rod and the second connecting rod are respectively hinged to the rotary cam and the door bracket; the bearing assembly is connected to the hinge seat in a swinging mode, the hinge seat is provided with an elastic assembly, the positioning end of the elastic assembly is buckled on the hinge seat, and the connecting end of the elastic assembly is installed on the bearing assembly; and the two-way buffer device is arranged in the second connecting rod, so that the automatic opening and closing can be realized, the labor is saved, the convenience is realized, the two-way buffer is realized, the noise is reduced, the protection effect is strong, the transmission bearing capacity is increased, the structural stability and the reliability are improved, and the use quality of a product is ensured.

Description

Automatic turn-over door buffering hinge of opening and close

Technical Field

The utility model relates to an upturning door hinge field, the automatic upturning door buffering hinge who opens and close specifically says so.

Background

The existing hinge of the upturned door comprises a main body, a spring, a hook lock and a hook; the spring, the hook lock and the hook are respectively arranged on the main body; the hook and the spring are respectively connected with the hook lock. The turnover door is supported and opened by the elastic acting force of the spring without hanging down, and the turnover door can not rebound at any angle.

In practical operation, the above-mentioned flip-up door hinge has the following disadvantages:

1. the bearing capacity is poor, and when the weight of the door body is large, the hinge is easy to deform, so that the normal use of the turnover door is influenced.

2. When the turnover door is opened upwards, the weight of the door body needs to be overcome firstly, the load is large, the labor is wasted, and the use is inconvenient.

3. Can not be closed automatically, needs external force to achieve the closing effect, and is single in use.

4. The turnover door only can open the door body by 90 degrees, so that the opening range of the door body is limited, and meanwhile, the traditional upward-turnover door hinge only can drive the turnover door to rotate to be opened or closed upwards, namely, the turnover door can be opened only completely or closed completely, so that the use state is limited, and the use effect is influenced.

5. Under the action of gravity or supporting elasticity, the upward-turning door is rotated to be closed or rotated to be opened at an excessively high speed, so that the door body is easy to collide with the cabinet body and the transmission part to generate noise, the door body, the cabinet body and the transmission part are easy to damage, the stability of the hinge is reduced, the service life of the hinge is shortened, and the service life of a product is influenced.

Therefore, the conventional flip-up door hinge still has to be further improved.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

An object of the utility model is to overcome prior art not enough, provide an automatic turn-over door buffering hinge on opening and close, its structure is simplified, can realize automatic opening and closed, and is laborsaving convenient, can realize two-way buffering again, and noise abatement, the protective effect is strong, increases the transmission bearing capacity, improves structural stability and reliability, ensures the quality of use of product.

The utility model discloses a utility model purpose is realized like this: an automatically opened and closed upturning door buffering hinge comprises a door support fixedly mounted with a door body and a hinge seat fixedly mounted with a cabinet body, wherein a transmission assembly for driving the door body to open and close on the cabinet body is hinged between the connection of the hinge seat and the door support, and the transmission assembly comprises a first connecting rod, a second connecting rod, a rotating cam and a bearing assembly;

the central point shaft of the rotating cam is connected to the hinge base, the first connecting rod and the second connecting rod are mutually crossed, and the end heads of the first connecting rod and the second connecting rod are respectively hinged to the rotating cam and the door bracket;

the hinge seat is provided with an elastic assembly which enables the rotating cam to be in tangential rolling connection with the bearing assembly under the elastic action and simultaneously generates boosting force for pushing the door bracket to open and close, the positioning end of the elastic assembly is buckled on the hinge seat, and the connecting end of the elastic assembly is arranged on the bearing assembly;

and a two-way buffer device is arranged in the second connecting rod, the positioning buffer end of the two-way buffer device is connected at the hinged position of the door support and the second connecting rod, and the connecting buffer end of the two-way buffer device is connected at the crossed position of the first connecting rod and the second connecting rod.

According to the optimization, the tangent point of the bearing assembly tangent to the outer edge of the rotating cam is positioned below the connecting line of the bearing assembly and the central point of the rotating cam, and a door closing torque for pushing the rotating cam to rotate is formed;

the tangent point of the bearing assembly and the outer edge of the rotating cam is positioned above the connecting line of the central points of the bearing assembly and the rotating cam, and simultaneously, door opening torque for pushing the rotating cam to rotate is formed.

According to the optimization, the bidirectional buffer device comprises a buffer inner rail, a buffer outer rail and a buffer damper, the buffer inner rail is slidably arranged in an inner cavity of the buffer outer rail, the positioning end of the buffer inner rail is connected to the hinged part of the second connecting rod and the door bracket, and a directional sliding part which is slidably connected with the buffer outer rail and the buffer inner rail is arranged at the crossed part of the first connecting rod and the second connecting rod; the buffer damper is arranged on the buffer inner rail, and the two ends of the buffer damper are respectively provided with a positioning slide block and a connecting slide block which are connected on the buffer inner rail in a sliding way.

Optimizing according to the above, the buffering outer rail is provided with a positioning pin for fixing and positioning the sliding block, the upper end and the lower end of the connecting sliding block are provided with convex edges, and the buffering inner rail is provided with a limiting sliding groove in sliding connection with the positioning pin and the convex edges.

According to the optimization, the directional sliding piece comprises a directional sliding block and a directional sliding nail, the directional sliding block is connected to the connecting end of the buffering inner rail in a sliding mode and fixedly installed with the directional sliding nail, and the directional sliding nail is fixedly installed on the first connecting rod and is connected with the second connecting rod in a sliding mode along with the opening and closing of the door support.

According to the optimization, the bearing assembly comprises a bearing in tangential rolling connection with the rotating cam and a swinging seat connected with the hinge seat shaft, the bearing is installed at the upper swinging end of the swinging seat, the lower swinging end of the swinging seat is provided with an elastic force adjusting device for adjusting the force arm of the elastic assembly, and the adjusting end of the elastic force adjusting device is matched with the connecting end of the elastic assembly.

According to the optimization, the elastic force adjusting device comprises an adjusting screw rod and an adjusting block, the adjusting screw rod is installed at the lower swinging end of the swinging seat, and the adjusting block is fixedly installed at the connecting end of the elastic assembly and is in threaded connection with the adjusting screw rod.

According to the optimization, the elastic assembly comprises a spring, a front buckling block and a rear buckling block, one end of the spring is buckled with the front buckling block, the front buckling block is fixedly installed with the adjusting block of the elastic force adjusting device, the other end of the spring is buckled with the rear buckling block, and the rear buckling block is fixedly installed on the hinge seat.

According to the optimization, the first connecting rod is provided with a guide block, and the hinge seat is provided with a guide groove for sliding connection with the guide block;

the hinge seat is provided with a supporting rod for limiting the opening position of the door bracket, and the connecting end of the first connecting rod is provided with a supporting concave position installed with the supporting rod;

the rotating cam is provided with a limiting concave position for limiting the closing position of the door bracket, and the guide block is connected with the limiting concave position along with the swinging of the first connecting rod.

According to the optimization, the hinge seat is internally provided with a supporting seat for rotating and swinging the rotating cam, and two sides of the rotating cam are respectively provided with a reinforcing cam which is in tangential rolling connection with the bearing of the bearing assembly.

The utility model has the advantages that:

1) the first connecting rod and the second connecting rod which are connected in an intersecting manner are matched with the rotating cam in structure, so that the transmission stability is improved, the transmission performance of the transmission assembly is improved, the bearing strength is enhanced, and the deformation probability is reduced.

2) Under the influence of the spring tension of the elastic assembly, the bearing is tightly tangent with the rotating cam, and when the tangent point of the bearing tangent with the rotating cam is below or above the bearing and the rotating cam, a door closing torque or a door opening torque for pushing the rotating cam to rotate can be generated, so that the automatic door closing or opening is realized, the labor is saved, the operation is convenient, and the stability of the structure is enhanced; meanwhile, when the door is closed or opened and the rotating torque is consistent with the gravity of the door body, the door body can be suspended at any position, the use requirement is met, and the applicability is high.

3) Through addding two-way buffer, the two-way buffer's of door body support pulling buffering inner rail removes, and first connecting rod pulling buffering outer rail is rail antiport relatively cushions to compression buffering attenuator realizes that the tilt-up door has two-way buffering effect when closing or opening the door, and noise abatement produces, protects hinge, the door body and the cabinet body effectively, ensures the use quality.

4) Under the action of the elastic force adjusting device, the arm of force of the spring can be adjusted by adjusting the adjusting screw rod, so that the door opening amplitude can be adjusted, and the requirement of a user can be met.

5) The structure of cam is strengthened in the cooperation, strengthens the bearing performance of rotatory cam, improves transmission stability, reduces the deformation probability, prolongs the life of hinge.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a front view of the closed state of the preferred embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a partial cross-sectional view of the closed position of the preferred embodiment of the invention.

Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the closed position of the preferred embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a front view of the open position of the preferred embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a partial cross-sectional view of the preferred embodiment of the present invention in an open position.

Fig. 6 is a sectional view of the open state of the preferred embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 7 is a perspective view of the bi-directional buffer device according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 8 is a sectional view of the bi-directional buffer device according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 9 is an exploded view of the bi-directional damping device according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

According to shown in attached drawings 1-6, the utility model discloses an automatic turn-over door buffering hinge of opening and close, it include with door body fixed mounting's door support 1, with cabinet body fixed mounting's hinge seat 2, it has the drive sub-assembly that drives the door body and open and shut and use on the cabinet body to articulate between hinge seat 2 and the connection of door support 1.

The transmission assembly comprises a first connecting rod 3, a second connecting rod 4, a rotating cam 5 and a bearing assembly 6, wherein the central point of the rotating cam 5 is connected to the hinge base 2 through a shaft, the first connecting rod 3 and the second connecting rod 4 are mutually crossed, and the ends of the first connecting rod 3 and the second connecting rod 4 are respectively hinged to the rotating cam 5 and the door bracket 1. The first connecting rod 3 and the second connecting rod 4 which are connected in a cross mode are matched with the rotating cam 5 in structure, so that the transmission stability is improved, the transmission performance of a transmission assembly is improved, the bearing strength is increased, and the deformation probability is reduced.

In practical applications, the first link 3 is provided with a guide block 10, and the hinge base 2 is provided with a guide groove 11 for slidably connecting with the guide block 10. The rotating track of the door bracket 1 is controlled by the guide block 10 of the first connecting rod 3 and the guide groove 11 of the hinge base 2. The smooth and stable rotation of the door body is ensured, and the use quality of the product is improved.

Meanwhile, the hinge base 2 is provided with a support rod 12 for limiting the open position of the door bracket 1, and the connection end of the first link 3 is provided with a support recess 31 to which the support rod 12 is fitted. The rotary cam 5 is provided with a restricting recess 51 for restricting the closed position of the door bracket 1, and the guide block 10 is connected to the restricting recess 51 in accordance with the swing of the first link 3. The structure cooperation of the support rod 12, the support concave position 31, the limit concave position 51 and the guide block 10 limits the opening and closing position of the door body, improves the support strength and ensures the use quality of opening and closing of the door body.

Referring to fig. 1 to 6, the bearing assembly 6 is connected to the hinge base 2 in a swinging manner, the hinge base 2 is provided with an elastic assembly 7 which enables the rotating cam 5 to be connected with the bearing assembly 6 in a tangential rolling manner under the elastic action and generates the assistance of opening and closing the door bracket 1, the positioning end of the elastic assembly 7 is buckled on the hinge base 2, and the connecting end of the elastic assembly 7 is installed on the bearing assembly 6.

Wherein, the bearing assembly 6 comprises a bearing 61 which is in tangential rolling connection with the rotating cam 5 and a swinging seat 62 which is connected with the hinge seat 2 shaft. The bearing 61 is arranged at the upper swing end of the swing seat 62, the lower swing end of the swing seat 62 is provided with an elastic force adjusting device 9 for adjusting the force arm of the elastic assembly 7, and the adjusting end of the elastic force adjusting device 9 is matched with the connecting end of the elastic assembly 7.

In practical application, the elastic force adjusting device 9 includes an adjusting screw 91 and an adjusting block 92, the adjusting screw 91 is installed at the lower swinging end of the swinging seat 62, and the adjusting block 92 is fixedly installed at the connecting end of the elastic assembly 7 and is in threaded connection with the adjusting screw 91.

And, the elastic assembly 7 includes a spring 71, a front fastening block 72, and a rear fastening block 73. One end of the spring 71 is fastened with the front fastening block 72, the front fastening block 72 is fixedly mounted with the adjusting block 92 of the elasticity adjusting device 9, the other end of the spring 71 is fastened with the rear fastening block 73, and the rear fastening block 73 is fixedly mounted on the hinge base 2.

That is, as the door bracket 1 is closed, under the influence of the tension of the spring 71, when the tangent point 16 between the rotating cam 5 and the bearing 61 is located below the connecting line 17 between the bearing 61 and the center point of the rotating cam 5, a rotating thrust door closing torque is generated to push the rotating cam 5 to rotate, thereby realizing automatic door closing.

When the tangent point 16 of the rotating cam 5 and the bearing 61 is above the connecting line 17 of the bearing assembly 6 and the central point of the rotating cam 5, a rotating thrust door opening torque is generated when the door bracket 1 is opened and is influenced by the tension of the spring 71. When the door opening torque is consistent with the gravity of the door body, the door body can hover at any position in the middle. When the rotating torque is increased to the door body, the rotating cam 5 can be pushed to rotate, so that automatic door opening is realized.

After the door body is opened, only need adjust regulating block 92, regulating block 92 can reciprocate along adjusting screw 91, realizes adjusting the door body and opens the range, adapts to the user demand, strengthens the result of use of product.

In addition, a supporting seat 13 for rotating and swinging the rotating cam 5 is arranged in the hinge seat 2, and reinforcing cams 14 which are in tangential rolling connection with the bearings 61 of the bearing assembly 6 are respectively arranged at two sides of the rotating cam 5. Further strengthen the bearing capacity of rotatory cam 5, improve rotational stability, avoid rotatory cam 5 to warp, ensure that the door body normally opens and shuts.

Referring to fig. 1 to 9, a bidirectional damping device 8 is provided in the second link 4. The positioning buffering end of the bidirectional buffering device 8 is connected at the hinged position of the door bracket 1 and the second connecting rod 4, and the connecting buffering end of the bidirectional buffering device 8 is connected at the intersection of the first connecting rod 3 and the second connecting rod 4.

In practical applications, the bidirectional buffer device 8 includes a buffer inner rail 81, a buffer outer rail 82, and a buffer damper 83. The buffering inner rail 81 is slidably mounted in the inner cavity of the buffering outer rail 82, and the positioning end of the buffering inner rail 81 is connected to the hinged position of the second connecting rod 4 and the door bracket 1. The crossing of the first connecting rod 3 and the second connecting rod 4 is provided with a directional sliding part which is connected with the buffering outer rail 82 and the buffering inner rail 81 in a sliding manner, the buffering damper 83 is arranged on the buffering inner rail 81, and the two ends of the buffering damper are respectively provided with a positioning sliding block 84 and a connecting sliding block 85 which are connected with the buffering inner rail 81 in a sliding manner.

The buffering outer rail 82 is provided with a positioning pin 86 for fixing the positioning slide block 84, the upper end and the lower end of the connecting slide block 85 are provided with convex edges 87, and the buffering inner rail 81 is provided with a limiting sliding groove 88 which is in sliding connection with the positioning pin 86 and the convex edges 87.

When the door body turns upwards, the door bracket 1 pulls the buffering inner rail 81 to move towards the right direction so as to push the positioning pin 86 to move towards the left direction along the limiting sliding groove 88 and push the positioning sliding block 84 to move towards the left direction relatively. During this period, the first link 3 pulls the buffer outer rail 82 to move in the left direction, and the link block 85 is urged to move in the right direction along the restricting slide groove 88. Thus, when the distance between the connecting slider 85 and the positioning slider 84 is smaller, the cushion damper 83 is compressed, and the door body is opened, thereby achieving a cushion effect.

Similarly, when the door body turns down, the door support 1 pulls the buffering inner rail 81 to move leftwards, so as to push the positioning pin 86 to move rightwards along the limiting sliding groove 88, and meanwhile, push the positioning sliding block 84 to move rightwards relatively. Meanwhile, the first link 3 pulls the buffering outer rail 82 to move in the right direction, and causes the link block 85 to move in the left direction along the limiting slide groove 88. When the distance between the connecting slide block 85 and the positioning slide block 84 is smaller, the buffer damper 83 is compressed, and the door body is closed, so that the buffer effect is achieved.

Furthermore, the orientation slider comprises an orientation slider 89, an orientation slider pin 810. The directional sliding block 89 is connected with the connecting end of the buffer inner rail 81 in a sliding manner and fixedly installed with the directional sliding nail 810, and the directional sliding nail 810 is fixedly installed on the first connecting rod 3 and is connected with the second connecting rod 4 in a sliding manner along with the opening and closing of the door bracket 1. In the present preferred embodiment, the second link 4 is provided with a directional chute 15 in sliding connection with the directional slide pin 810.

In this way, during the opening and closing of the door body, the buffer outer rail 82 and the buffer inner rail 81 stably and smoothly move along with the first link 3 and the second link 4, and the buffer effect of the bidirectional buffer device 8 is ensured.

Above-mentioned embodiment only does the utility model discloses the better embodiment of effect, all with the utility model discloses an automatic open and close turn over the same or equivalent structure of door buffering hinge on, all be in the utility model discloses a within range.

Claims

1. The utility model provides an automatic turn over a buffering hinge on opening and close, includes with door body fixed mounting's door support (1), with cabinet body fixed mounting's hinge seat (2), its characterized in that: a transmission assembly for driving the door body to open and close on the cabinet body is hinged between the hinge seat (2) and the door support (1), and the transmission assembly comprises a first connecting rod (3), a second connecting rod (4), a rotating cam (5) and a bearing assembly (6);

the central point shaft of the rotating cam (5) is connected to the hinge base (2), the first connecting rod (3) and the second connecting rod (4) are mutually crossed, and the ends of the first connecting rod and the second connecting rod are respectively hinged to the rotating cam (5) and the door bracket (1);

the bearing assembly (6) is connected to the hinge seat (2) in a swinging mode, the hinge seat (2) is provided with an elastic assembly (7) which enables the rotary cam (5) to be in tangential rolling connection with the bearing assembly (6) under the elastic action and generates power for pushing the door bracket (1) to open and close at the same time, the positioning end of the elastic assembly (7) is buckled on the hinge seat (2), and the connecting end of the elastic assembly (7) is installed on the bearing assembly (6);

the door is characterized in that a bidirectional buffer device (8) is arranged in the second connecting rod (4), the positioning buffer end of the bidirectional buffer device (8) is connected to the hinged position of the door support (1) and the second connecting rod (4), and the connecting buffer end of the bidirectional buffer device (8) is connected to the crossed position of the first connecting rod (3) and the second connecting rod (4).

2. The automatically opened and closed upward-turning door buffering hinge according to claim 1, characterized in that: a tangent point (16) of the bearing assembly (6) and the outer edge of the rotating cam (5) is positioned below a central point connecting line (17) of the bearing assembly (6) and the rotating cam (5) and forms a door closing torque for pushing the rotating cam (5) to rotate;

and a tangent point (16) of the bearing assembly (6) and the outer edge of the rotating cam (5) is positioned above a central point connecting line (17) of the bearing assembly (6) and the rotating cam (5) and simultaneously forms door opening torque for pushing the rotating cam (5) to rotate.

3. The automatically opened and closed upward-turning door buffering hinge according to claim 1, characterized in that: the bidirectional buffer device (8) comprises a buffer inner rail (81), a buffer outer rail (82) and a buffer damper (83), the buffer inner rail (81) is slidably mounted in an inner cavity of the buffer outer rail (82), a positioning end of the buffer inner rail (81) is connected to a hinge joint of the second connecting rod (4) and the door bracket (1), and a directional sliding part which is slidably connected to the buffer outer rail (82) and the buffer inner rail (81) is arranged at a cross position of the first connecting rod (3) and the second connecting rod (4); the buffer damper (83) is arranged on the buffer inner rail (81), and the two ends of the buffer damper are respectively provided with a positioning slide block (84) and a connecting slide block (85) which are connected to the buffer inner rail (81) in a sliding way.

4. The automatically opened and closed upward-turning door buffering hinge according to claim 3, characterized in that: the buffer outer rail (82) is provided with a positioning pin (86) for fixing and positioning the sliding block (84), the upper end and the lower end of the connecting sliding block (85) are provided with convex edges (87), and the buffer inner rail (81) is provided with a limiting sliding groove (88) which is connected with the positioning pin (86) and the convex edges (87) in a sliding manner.

5. The automatically opened and closed upward-turning door buffering hinge according to claim 3, characterized in that: the directional sliding piece comprises a directional sliding block (89) and a directional sliding nail (810), the directional sliding block (89) is connected to the connecting end of the buffering inner rail (81) in a sliding mode and fixedly mounted with the directional sliding nail (810), and the directional sliding nail (810) is fixedly mounted on the first connecting rod (3) and is connected with the second connecting rod (4) in a sliding mode along with the opening and closing of the door support (1).

6. The automatically opened and closed upward-turning door buffering hinge according to claim 1, characterized in that: the bearing assembly (6) comprises a bearing (61) which is in tangential rolling connection with the rotating cam (5) and a swinging seat (62) which is connected with the hinge seat (2) in a shaft mode, the bearing (61) is installed at the upper swinging end of the swinging seat (62), an elastic force adjusting device (9) for adjusting the force arm of the elastic assembly (7) is installed at the lower swinging end of the swinging seat (62), and the adjusting end of the elastic force adjusting device (9) is installed in a matching mode with the connecting end of the elastic assembly (7).

7. The automatically opened and closed upward-turning door buffering hinge according to claim 6, characterized in that: the elasticity adjusting device (9) comprises an adjusting screw rod (91) and an adjusting block (92), the adjusting screw rod (91) is installed at the lower swinging end of the swinging seat (62), and the adjusting block (92) is fixedly installed at the connecting end of the elastic assembly (7) and is in threaded connection with the adjusting screw rod (91).

8. The automatically opened and closed upward-turning door buffering hinge according to claim 6, characterized in that: the elastic assembly (7) comprises a spring (71), a front buckling block (72) and a rear buckling block (73), one end of the spring (71) is buckled with the front buckling block (72), the front buckling block (72) is fixedly installed with an adjusting block (92) of the elastic force adjusting device (9), the other end of the spring (71) is buckled with the rear buckling block (73), and the rear buckling block (73) is fixedly installed on the hinge seat (2).

9. The automatically opened and closed upward-turning door buffering hinge according to claim 1, characterized in that: the first connecting rod (3) is provided with a guide block (10), and the hinge seat (2) is provided with a guide groove (11) which is connected with the guide block (10) in a sliding manner;

the hinge seat (2) is provided with a supporting rod (12) for limiting the opening position of the door bracket (1), and the connecting end of the first connecting rod (3) is provided with a supporting concave position (31) installed with the supporting rod (12);

the rotating cam (5) is provided with a limiting concave position (51) for limiting the closing position of the door bracket (1), and the guide block (10) is connected with the limiting concave position (51) along with the swinging of the first connecting rod (3).

10. The automatically opened and closed upward-turning door buffering hinge according to claim 1, characterized in that: a supporting seat (13) for rotating and swinging the rotating cam (5) is arranged in the hinge seat (2), and reinforcing cams (14) which are in tangential rolling connection with a bearing (61) of the bearing assembly (6) are respectively arranged on two sides of the rotating cam (5).