CN208172294U - A kind of uniform arrayed-waveguide grating routers of loss - Google Patents
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a kind of uniform arrayed-waveguide grating routers of loss.Light is inputted from input waveguide, reach input star coupler, due to Kirchhoff's diffraction phenomenon, light field is expanded in input star coupler and is received by Waveguide array, the light that Waveguide array receives focal imaging into output star coupler behind Sinc function coupled zone；The Gaussian light field that Waveguide array transmits is transformed into Sinc function type light field by Sinc function coupled zone, so that exporting rectangle light field from output star coupler, realizes that uniform function is lost in arrayed-waveguide grating routers.The advantages that arrayed-waveguide grating routers of the utility model solve the intrinsic loss heterogeneity problem of arrayed-waveguide grating routers, have production tolerance big, at low cost, and crosstalk is small.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates to a kind of arrayed-waveguide grating routers, more particularly to a kind of uniform array of loss
Waveguide grating router.
Background technique
In recent years, with the exponential increasing of message capacity, silicon substrate integrated light guide wavelength division multiplex device be widely used in
Optical communication field.Wherein arrayed-waveguide grating routers (Arrayed Waveguide Grating Router, abbreviation AWGR)
Due to its have many advantages, such as at low cost, small in size, compact-sized, loss is small, crosstalk is low, be easily integrated become optical communication system in
Realize one of the core devices of wavelength-division multiplex function.
However, the arrayed-waveguide grating routers of a N × N cover entire Free Spectral Range due to its output spectrum
(Free Spectral Region, abbreviation FSR) causes the m grade of edge gateway to interfere the very big and m-1 grades of very big energy phases of interference
Closely, eventually lead between edge output channel and center output channel there are intrinsic 3dB be lost heterogeneity.However, in reality
Border communication often requires that the insertion loss heterogeneity of wavelength division multiplex device is less than 1dB in using, this greatly reduces AWGR's
Routing loops function, therefore, improving insertion loss uniformity of the AWGR output channel in a FSR is particularly important.
In recent years, domestic and foreign scholars improve the insertion loss uniformity of AWGR using various methods, main at present to use
Technology mainly have：The m grade interference of edge gateway is greatly interfered into very big energy with m-1 grades by a multi-mode interference coupler
It is coupled to the same output channel, improves the heteropical purpose of channel loss to reach.This method is at output waveguide end
The node that many waveguides intersect will be present, it is very big to design and produce difficulty.Auxiliary wave is added also by Waveguide array output end
It leads, changes output mould field by the method for directional coupler, to realize the loss uniformity of each output channel.Due to dioxy
The Weak-confined waveguides platform such as SiClx, the coupling efficiency between directional coupler is lower, often designs sawtooth in this way
Shape waveguide increases the coupling efficiency of directional coupler by improving the method for waveguide loss, this is increasing design complexities
Meanwhile manufacture difficulty is also increased, while unnecessary waveguide loss can be introduced.Secondly china national practical new-type patent
(ZL200510126242.6) " using loss fine tuning waveguide realize array waveguide grating channels uniformity method " be by
Loss fine tuning waveguide is added in the end of the output waveguide of array waveguide grating, to realize that the output channel of array waveguide grating is inserted
It is uniform to enter loss.This method increases additional loss in the output end of AWG and finely tunes waveguide, causes total extremely complex,
Volume is larger.Furthermore china national practical new-type patent (ZL2012104193432) " the uniform waveguide grating device of channel loss " is
By the way that Waveguide array according to certain angle tilt, energy is redistributed on imaging surface, similar to the side of balzed grating,
Method exports channel loss uniformity to improve AWGR.This method often additionally increases the crosstalk of AWGR, reduces the property of AWGR
Energy.
Utility model content
For the deficiency of background technique, the utility model provides a kind of uniform arrayed-waveguide grating routers of loss,
Solve the problems, such as that arrayed-waveguide grating routers export channel insertion loss heterogeneity.
Technical solution used by the utility model is：
The utility model includes sequentially connected input waveguide, input star coupler, Waveguide array, the coupling of Sinc function
Area, output star coupler and output waveguide；Light is inputted from input waveguide, input star coupler is reached, due to kirchhoff
Diffraction phenomena, light field are expanded and are received by Waveguide array, the light that Waveguide array receives in input star coupler
Behind Sinc function coupled zone to output star coupler in focal imaging；Waveguide array is transmitted across by Sinc function coupled zone
The Gaussian light field come is transformed into Sinc function type light field, and the far field that Sinc function type light field is fourier transformed is imaged as rectangle
Light field realizes that uniform function is lost in arrayed-waveguide grating routers so that exporting rectangle light field from output star coupler.
Sinc function coupled zone includes plate coupled zone and waveguide coupled zone, and Waveguide array output end is connected to plate
The input terminal of coupled zone, the output end of plate coupled zone are connected to waveguide coupled zone input terminal, the connection of waveguide coupled zone output end
To output star coupler input terminal；The waveguide coupled zone is mainly by 2P+1 root long degree is consistent and the waveguide group of equivalent width
At P indicates the total radical of waveguide in Waveguide array, and the waveguide of each of the waveguide coupled zone is connected to the output of plate coupled zone
End, the input terminal of each waveguide plate coupled zone of Waveguide array, so that along the corresponding straight line of each waveguide of Waveguide array
It is arranged with the waveguide of a waveguide coupled zone, the parallel centre between the corresponding straight line of adjacent two waveguides of Waveguide array is straight
The waveguide of a waveguide coupled zone is arranged on line, each cloth on corresponding straight line on the outside of outermost two waveguides of Waveguide array
It is equipped with the waveguide of a waveguide coupled zone, so that 2P+1 root waveguide is formed, the spacing between the adjacent waveguide of the waveguide coupled zone
It is identical.
The waveguide coupled zone and plate coupled zone is made of waveguiding structure.
Sinc function coupled zone uses directional coupler, is realized by the directional coupler of special designing.
The Waveguide array includes the waveguide that P segment length is in arithmetic progression, and the both ends of P sections of waveguides are connected to the star-like coupling of input
Between clutch and Sinc function coupled zone.
The input waveguide and output waveguide are made of N root waveguide, and wherein N is the logical of the arrayed-waveguide grating routers
Road number.
The light that the input star coupler inputs the input waveguide carries out Kirchhoff's diffraction expansion, the expansion of light field
Big degree and the input waveguide width are negatively correlated, are positively correlated with the length of the input star coupler.
Each waveguide length is L+j Δ L in the Waveguide array, wherein j=0, and 1,2 ... P-1, j indicate waveguide serial number, P
Indicate waveguide sum, L is the length that most shortwave is led, as reference waveguide length；Δ L be adjacent waveguide length difference, use with
Lower formula calculates：
Wherein, m is diffraction time and is positive integer, and λ is the optical wavelength in vacuum, naIt is light effective in Waveguide array
Refractive index.
The Free Spectral Range of the arrayed-waveguide grating routers is calculated by following formula：
Wherein, n is the number of active lanes of arrayed-waveguide grating routers, and Δ λ is channel spacing.
The arrayed-waveguide grating routers can not only be made based on silica Platform Designing, to silicon nitride, nitrogen oxygen
The material platforms such as SiClx, indium phosphide, silicon-on-insulator are all suitable for.
The utility model has the beneficial effects that：
The utility model is not increasing device size, is not reducing device crosstalk, do not increase device making technics difficulty and not
On the basis of needing additional devices, arrayed-waveguide grating routers all output channels in a Free Spectral Range are realized
Insertion loss heterogeneity is less than 1dB.
The utility model proposes Sinc function coupled zone have design simple, manufacture craft tolerance is big, is lost small etc. excellent
Point.
The utility model proposes arrayed-waveguide grating routers not only can based on silica Platform Designing production pair
The material platforms such as silicon nitride, silicon oxynitride, indium phosphide, silicon-on-insulator are all suitable for.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram that uniform array waveguide grating router is lost in the utility model；
Fig. 2 is the utility model Sinc function coupled zone structural schematic diagram；
Fig. 3 is conventional design arrayed-waveguide grating routers (dotted line) and uniform array waveguide optical grating is lost in the utility model
The far-field distribution comparison diagram of the single Waveguide array output light field of router (solid line)；
Fig. 4 is that conventional design arrayed-waveguide grating routers center exports channel (solid line) and edge exports channel (dotted line)
Far field image；
Fig. 5 is the buried silicon dioxide waveguiding structure schematic diagram of real-time example；
Fig. 6 is the simulated spectra figure of the output channel of conventional design arrayed-waveguide grating routers；
Fig. 7 is the simulated spectra figure for the output channel that uniform array waveguide grating router is lost in the utility model；
In figure：1, input waveguide, 2, input star coupler, 3, Waveguide array, 4, Sinc function coupled zone, 5, output star
Type coupler, 6, output waveguide, 7, plate coupled zone, 8, waveguide coupled zone, 9, covering, 10, sandwich layer.
Specific embodiment
With reference to the accompanying drawing and specific embodiment is described in further detail the utility model.
As shown in Figure 1, the utility model specific implementation include sequentially connected input waveguide 1, input star coupler 2,
Waveguide array 3, Sinc function coupled zone 4, output star coupler 5 and output waveguide 6；Light is inputted from input waveguide 1, is reached defeated
Enter star coupler 2, due to Kirchhoff's diffraction phenomenon, light field is expanded in input star coupler 2 and by array wave
It leads 3 to be received, the light that Waveguide array 3 receives is focused into behind Sinc function coupled zone 4 into output star coupler 5
Picture；The Gaussian light field that Waveguide array 3 transmits is transformed into Sinc function type light field, Sinc letter by Sinc function coupled zone 4
The far field that number type light field is fourier transformed is imaged as rectangle light field, so that rectangle light field is exported from output star coupler 5, it is real
Uniform function is lost in existing arrayed-waveguide grating routers.
As shown in Fig. 2, Sinc function coupled zone 4 includes plate coupled zone 7 and waveguide coupled zone 8,3 output end of Waveguide array
It is connected to the input terminal of plate coupled zone 7, the output end of plate coupled zone 7 is connected to 8 input terminal of waveguide coupled zone, waveguide coupling
8 output end of area is connected to output 5 input terminal of star coupler；The waveguide coupled zone 8 is mainly consistent and wide by 2P+1 root long degree
Consistent waveguide composition is spent, P indicates the total radical of waveguide in Waveguide array 3, and described 8 each waveguides in waveguide coupled zone are connected to flat
The output end of plate coupled zone 7, the input terminal of each waveguide plate coupled zone 7 of Waveguide array 3, so that along each of Waveguide array 3
The waveguide of a waveguide coupled zone 8 is arranged on the corresponding straight line of root waveguide, adjacent two waveguides of Waveguide array 3 are corresponding
The waveguide of a waveguide coupled zone 8,3 outermost two waves of Waveguide array are arranged on parallel middle straight line between straight line
It leads and is respectively disposed with the waveguide of a waveguide coupled zone 8 on the corresponding straight line in outside, so that 2P+1 root waveguide is formed, the waveguide coupling
The spacing closed between 8 adjacent waveguide of area is identical.
Waveguide array 3 includes the waveguide that P segment length is in arithmetic progression, and the both ends of P sections of waveguides are connected to the star-like coupling of input
Between device 2 and Sinc function coupled zone 4.
Input waveguide 1 and output waveguide 6 are made of N root waveguide, and wherein N is the channel of the arrayed-waveguide grating routers
Number.
The light that input star coupler 2 inputs the input waveguide 1 carries out Kirchhoff's diffraction expansion, the expansion of light field
Degree and 1 width of input waveguide are negatively correlated, are positively correlated with the length of the input star coupler.
The utility model proposes arrayed-waveguide grating routers meet following grating equation：
ns(λ)dasinθ+na(λ) Δ L=m λ
Wherein, λ is optical wavelength in vacuum, ns(λ) is effective refractive index of the light in plate area, na(λ) is light in Waveguide array
In effective refractive index, daFor Waveguide array spacing, Δ L is adjacent array waveguide length differences, and m is diffraction time, and θ is the angle of diffraction
Degree.It, can be by the position of output waveguide according to the length f of angle of diffraction θ and output star coupler according to the above grating equation
It decides.Due to the symmetry of arrayed-waveguide grating routers, input waveguide and output waveguide axisymmetricly relationship input star
Type coupler and output star coupler also axisymmetricly relationship, therefore the position of input waveguide can also be decided, input
The length of star coupler also can determine.In order to enable the image error of array waveguide grating is smaller, usually will input and
Output star coupler is designed to Rowland circle structure, Waveguide array is sequentially arranged on rowland circumference, as shown in Figure 1.
The utility model Sinc function coupled zone structural schematic diagram is given in Fig. 2, there is one section of plate coupled zone and one section
Waveguide coupled zone composition.The main function of plate coupled zone is that the mould spot that Waveguide array input comes is diffused, to improve
Coupling energy of the Waveguide array to two sides assistant waveguide.Plate coupled zone is longer, is coupled to the energy of two sides assistant waveguide also just
Higher, plate coupled zone is shorter, and the energy for being coupled to two sides assistant waveguide can also respond reduction.Certainly, plate coupled zone cannot
It is designed too long, too long of plate coupled zone will cause additional loss.In waveguide coupled zone, the spacing between waveguide is homogeneous
Deng at least to meet minimum manufacture craft size.Light can excite hyper mode behind plate coupled zone, pass through waveguide coupling
After a distance is transmitted in conjunction area, these hyper modes just can be coupled into the basic mode of respective waveguide again.Another work of waveguide coupled zone
With being the phase difference controlled between Sinc function type light field main lobe and secondary lobe, when phase difference is met certain condition, Sinc function
Type light field will form, and Fourier's variation of the light field has flat-top effect at this time, i.e. the far field of the light field is imaged as similar square
The flat-head type light field of shape function.
Fig. 3 gives conventional design arrayed-waveguide grating routers (dotted line) and the utility model loss uniform array waveguide
The far-field distribution comparison diagram of the single Waveguide array output light field of grating router (solid line).It is known that in Fu of Gaussian function
Leaf transformation remains as Gaussian function, since the Waveguide array output light field of conventional design AWGR is Gaussian fundamental mode spot,
Its far field construction imaging is still Gaussian function type light field.And the Fourier transformation of Sinc function is rectangular function, therefore is passed through
Behind Sinc function coupled zone the utility model proposes the every Waveguide array output light field of the uniform AWGR of loss be approximation
Sinc function pattern spot, therefore its far field construction is imaged as approximate rectangular function, forms nearly rectangular light as shown in figure 3 by the solid lines
?.
Fig. 4 gives conventional design arrayed-waveguide grating routers center output channel (solid line) and edge output channel
The far field image of (dotted line).In essence, the output spectrum of arrayed-waveguide grating routers and common grating output light
Spectrum is the same.Therefore, the output spectrum of array waveguide grating is also the result that single slit diffraction is multiplied with multislit interference.Conventional design
The single slit diffraction spectrum of AWGR is as shown in phantom in Figure 3, is Gaussian function type light field, and uniform AWGR is lost in the utility model
Single slit diffraction spectrum as shown on the solid line in figure 3, be nearly rectangular function type light field.Center output channel and side are given in Fig. 4
Edge exports the far field image of channel, since center exports channel m grades of interference greatly in the middle of entire FSR, absolutely greatly
Portion of energy can concentrate on m grades of interference and greatly above be received by output waveguide, therefore the theoretical insertion of center output channel
Loss is almost 0.As shown in Fig. 4 dotted line, the m grade of edge output channel interferes the edge for being greatly distributed in FSR and m-1 grades
Interfere great energy close, and reality output waveguide can only export the m grades of great energy of interference, therefore theoretical top edge output
The insertion loss of channel is 3dB.Here it is the heteropical originals of loss that arrayed-waveguide grating routers substantially have 3dB
Cause.It intrinsically, is because Waveguide array output end single slit diffraction light field is caused by Gaussian light field, using this reality
With the uniform AWGR of the loss of novel proposition, due to the presence of Sinc function coupled zone, so that its Waveguide array single slit diffraction light field
For nearly rectangle light field, therefore it can inherently solve the non-uniformity of AWGR output channel insertion loss.
The utility model is described further below by way of a concrete case：
For convenience of description, using based on silica (SiO2) 16 channel array waveguide grating routers of platform are real
Border cases of design is described further the utility model.
For transverse electric mode (TE mould), designed using burial type silica slab waveguide the utility model proposes loss
Uniform array waveguide grating router.Its waveguiding structure is as shown in figure 5,9 refractive index of covering is the SiO of n2, sandwich layer 10 is refraction
Rate is n2Mix germanium SiO2.In the present invention, use sandwich layer 10 for 6 μm of 6 μ m of square structure.In optical wavelength
When 1550nm, pure SiO2Refractive index n2=1.455, mix germanium SiO2Refractive index n2=1.465, then pass through finite difference method (FDM)
Calculate 10 effective refractive index of sandwich layer be na=1.460.
In present case, the main design parameters of 16 Channel depletion uniform array waveguide grating routers are as shown in table 4 below.
40 six channel AWGR main design parameters of table
Meanwhile using the scheme of two dimensional Finite Difference point to the utility model proposes Sinc function coupled zone imitate
True design.Plate coupling section length in Sinc function coupled zone is 60 microns, and it is 80 microns that waveguide, which couples section length, and waveguide is wide
Degree is 7 microns, and when waveguide spacing is 9 microns of Waveguide array spacing half, output facula spreads out closest to Sinc function, far field
It penetrates as nearly rectangle light field, as shown on the solid line in figure 3.
Fig. 6 gives the output light spectrogram of existing conventional design arrayed-waveguide grating routers, it can be seen from the figure that
In one Free Spectral Range, there are the loss heterogeneities of 3dB for center output channel and edge output channel.It is provided in Fig. 7
The utility model proposes the uniform arrayed-waveguide grating routers of loss output light spectrogram, it can be seen from the figure that
Within the scope of entire FSR, the insertion loss heterogeneity for exporting channel is about 0.2dB, within the 1dB for reaching commercial requirement.Thus
As it can be seen that there is the utility model it to protrude significant technical effect.
The embodiment party that uniform arrayed-waveguide grating routers are lost in the utility model is described in detail in conjunction with attached drawing above
Formula.Note that the above case study on implementation rather than is limited the utility model for illustrating the utility model,
In the spirit of the utility model and the protection scope of claim, to any modifications and changes that the utility model is made, all will
Fall into the protection scope of the utility model.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of uniform arrayed-waveguide grating routers of loss, including sequentially connected input waveguide (1), the star-like coupling of input
Device (2), Waveguide array (3), output star coupler (5) and output waveguide (6)；Light is inputted from input waveguide (1), reaches input
Star coupler (2), due to Kirchhoff's diffraction phenomenon, light field is expanded in input star coupler (2) and by array
Waveguide (3) is received, the light that Waveguide array (3) receives focal imaging into output star coupler (5), by exporting after imaging
Waveguide (6) exports the light field after imaging；It is characterized in that：Including setting in Waveguide array (3) and output star coupler (5)
Between Sinc function coupled zone (4), the light that Waveguide array (3) receives behind Sinc function coupled zone (4) to output star
Focal imaging in type coupler (5)；The Gaussian light field that Sinc function coupled zone (4) transmits Waveguide array (3) changes
At Sinc function type light field, so that exporting rectangle light field from output star coupler (5), arrayed-waveguide grating routers damage is realized
Consume uniform function.
2. a kind of uniform arrayed-waveguide grating routers of loss according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The Sinc
Function coupled zone (4) includes plate coupled zone (7) and waveguide coupled zone (8), and Waveguide array (3) output end is connected to plate coupling
The input terminal in area (7), the output end of plate coupled zone (7) are connected to waveguide coupled zone (8) input terminal, and waveguide coupled zone (8) are defeated
Outlet is connected to output star coupler (5) input terminal；The waveguide coupled zone (8) is mainly by 2P+1 root long degree is consistent and width
Consistent waveguide composition, P indicate the total radical of waveguide in Waveguide array (3), and described each waveguide of waveguide coupled zone (8) is connected to
The output end of plate coupled zone (7), the input terminal of each waveguide plate coupled zone (7) of Waveguide array (3), so that along array wave
Lead the waveguide that a waveguide coupled zone (8) is arranged on the corresponding straight line of each waveguide of (3), Waveguide array (3) it is adjacent
The waveguide of a waveguide coupled zone (8), array wave are arranged on parallel middle straight line between the corresponding straight line of two waveguides
Lead the waveguide for being respectively disposed with a waveguide coupled zone (8) on the outside of (3) outermost two waveguides on corresponding straight line, the waveguide
Spacing between coupled zone (8) adjacent waveguide is identical.
3. a kind of uniform arrayed-waveguide grating routers of loss according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The Sinc
Function coupled zone (4) uses directional coupler, is realized by directional coupler.
4. a kind of uniform arrayed-waveguide grating routers of loss according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The array
Waveguide (3) includes the waveguide that P segment length is in arithmetic progression, and the both ends of P sections of waveguides are connected to input star coupler (2) and Sinc
Between function coupled zone (4).
5. a kind of uniform arrayed-waveguide grating routers of loss according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The input
Waveguide (1) and output waveguide (6) are made of N root waveguide, and wherein N is the number of active lanes of the arrayed-waveguide grating routers.
6. a kind of uniform arrayed-waveguide grating routers of loss according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The input
The light that star coupler (2) inputs the input waveguide (1) carries out Kirchhoff's diffraction expansion, the enlarged degree of light field and institute
Input waveguide (1) width negative correlation is stated, is positively correlated with the length of the input star coupler.
7. a kind of uniform arrayed-waveguide grating routers of loss according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The battle array
It is L+j Δ L that train wave, which leads each waveguide length in (3), wherein j=0, and 1,2 ... P-1, j indicate waveguide serial number, and P indicates waveguide sum, L
For the length that most shortwave is led, as reference waveguide length；Δ L is the length difference of adjacent waveguide, is calculated using the following equation：
Wherein, m is diffraction time and is positive integer, and λ is the optical wavelength in vacuum, naThe effective refraction for being light in Waveguide array
Rate.
8. a kind of uniform arrayed-waveguide grating routers of loss according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The array
The Free Spectral Range of waveguide grating router is calculated by following formula：
Wherein, n is the number of active lanes of arrayed-waveguide grating routers, and Δ λ is channel spacing.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108469651A (en) * | 2018-05-22 | 2018-08-31 | 浙江大学 | Uniform arrayed-waveguide grating routers are lost |
| CN111766662A (en) * | 2020-07-24 | 2020-10-13 | 上海交通大学 | Universal silicon-based integrated optical waveguide mode converter |
-
2018
- 2018-05-22 CN CN201820764046.4U patent/CN208172294U/en active Active
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108469651A (en) * | 2018-05-22 | 2018-08-31 | 浙江大学 | Uniform arrayed-waveguide grating routers are lost |
| CN111766662A (en) * | 2020-07-24 | 2020-10-13 | 上海交通大学 | Universal silicon-based integrated optical waveguide mode converter |
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