CN207817196U - A kind of laser scanning device and laser radar apparatus - Google Patents
A kind of laser scanning device and laser radar apparatus Download PDFInfo
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- CN207817196U CN207817196U CN201721422884.5U CN201721422884U CN207817196U CN 207817196 U CN207817196 U CN 207817196U CN 201721422884 U CN201721422884 U CN 201721422884U CN 207817196 U CN207817196 U CN 207817196U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a kind of laser scanning device and laser radar apparatus, which includes：Scan prism, including multiple scan mirrors, multiple scan mirror are rotated around scan axis, and the normal of each scan mirror forms a Space Angle with the scan axis respectively, and the angle of all Space Angles is not exactly the same；Transmitting-receiving subassembly, the transmitting-receiving subassembly include laser emission element and laser pick-off unit, which generates scan line by the rotation of scan mirror, wherein same laser emission element generates multi-strip scanning line by the rotation of the scan prism.The horizontal sweep visual field of the expansible laser radar apparatus of the utility model, the line number of the scan line of expanded laser light radar installations improve the scan line quantity of the centre scan visual field of laser radar apparatus.Reduce laser radar apparatus internal part quantity, convenient for component arrangement, compression volume, reduce cost.
Description
Technical field
The utility model is related to 3 D laser scanning fields, more particularly to a kind of laser scanning device and laser radar
Device.
Background technology
It is as shown in Figure 1 the scanning means schematic diagram in the laser radar of U.S. Patent application US8767190B2.
Wherein, motherboard 20 is arranged on frame 22.Multiple transmitting panels 30 are plugged in successively on motherboard 20, multiple detection faces
Plate 32 is plugged in successively on motherboard 20.Multiple transmitting panels 30 are arranged in vertical, and multiple detection panels 32 are vertically
Setting.Setting is there are one transmitter on each transmitting panel 30, and there are one detectors for setting in each detection panel 32.Frame 22
It is rotated, to obtain 360 degree of scanning field of view.
According to the above structure, a transmitting panel 30, which is often arranged, can only obtain a scan line, that is to say, that such as be intended to obtain
64 scan lines need 64 transmitting panels 30 of setting and 64 detection panels 32, then need the component count being arranged inside equipment
It measures larger, is not easy to compression volume, reduces cost.
However, as the application to laser radar is further extensive, application scenario refines further, compression volume, reduce at
This becomes the common technique in industry and pursues.
In turn, a small amount of laser emission element can be such as utilized, and it is more than sweeping for laser emission element configuration quantity to generate
Retouch line, then can reduce equipment internal part quantity, convenient for component arrangement, compression volume, reduce cost.
In addition to it need to primarily solve the problems, such as above, it there is problems.
It is illustrated in figure 2 the structural schematic diagram of laser scanning device in the prior art.Laser scanning device is sent out by laser
It penetrates unit and generates emergent light, and then generate scan line.Laser scanning device is as shown in Fig. 2, including scanning tower mirror 40 and diaphotoscope
Group 50.The scanning tower mirror 40 is rotated around rotary shaft X.The transmission microscope group 50 and the top surface of the scanning tower mirror 40 are arranged in parallel.
The scanning tower mirror 40 is the tetragonous tower mirror of standard.
After the emergent light L that laser emission element 60 is sent out penetrates the transmission microscope group 50, the inclined-plane through the scanning tower mirror 40 is anti-
It penetrates, to be emitted from the laser scanning device.The incident light L ' generated through barrier diffusing reflection is a light beam, through diaphotoscope
After 50 convergence of group, received by laser pick-off unit 70.
The position of 60 relative scanning tower mirror 40 of laser emission element is constant, and with the rotation of scanning tower mirror 40, emergent light L exists
Shuttle-scanning in certain visual angle.
As it can be seen that in the technical solution of the prior art, scanning field of view is fairly limited, by taking Fig. 2 as an example, effective scanning visual field
Less than 90 degree.And how further to expand scanning field of view to adapt to more rich and varied actual demand scene, for current institute
Urgent problem to be solved.
Utility model content
The technical issues of the utility model solves is, is based on limited laser emission element, expanded laser light scanning means
Scan line quantity.
Further, the horizontal sweep visual field of expanded laser light scanning means.
Further, the scan line quantity of the centre scan visual field of laser scanning device is improved.
The utility model discloses a kind of laser scanning devices, including：
Scan prism, the scan prism include multiple scan mirrors, and multiple scan mirror is rotated around scan axis, each
The normal of the scan mirror forms a Space Angle with the scan axis respectively, and the angle of all Space Angles is not exactly the same；
Transmitting-receiving subassembly, the transmitting-receiving subassembly include laser emission element and laser pick-off unit, and the laser emission element is logical
It over-scans the rotation of minute surface and generates scan line,
Wherein, same laser emission element generates multi-strip scanning line by the rotation of the scan prism.
The device includes at least two groups transmitting-receiving subassembly, and the scanning field of view of the transmitting-receiving subassembly partly overlaps.
The device includes at least three groups of transmitting-receiving subassemblies, and the transmitting-receiving subassembly is arranged around the scan prism, all transmitting-receivings
The visual field of component is docked successively, forms continuous visual field.
At least partly described transmitting-receiving subassembly is symmetrical arranged with respect to the scan axis.
Each transmitting-receiving subassembly is similar and different with respect to the spatial attitude angle of the scan axis.
The transmitting-receiving subassembly is similar and different along the axial height of the scan axis.
The scan prism includes three, four, five or six scan mirrors.
Successively decreased with equal angular difference between the Space Angle.
Every group of transmitting-receiving subassembly includes multiple laser emission elements and multiple laser pick-off units, each Laser emission list
Member sends out a laser beam respectively, there is angle between each laser beam.
The laser beam is arranged in divergent state or is arranged in convergence state.
Same scan mirror had both realized the reflection to the laser beam, also receives after the laser beam is radiated at object and is returned
Signal light, and the signal light is reflexed into laser pick-off unit corresponding with the laser emission element for sending out the laser beam.
The utility model discloses a kind of laser radar apparatus, including：The laser scanning device.
The utility model has technical effect that, the horizontal sweep visual field of expanded laser light radar installations.Expanded laser light radar
The line number of the scan line of device.Further, the scan line quantity of the centre scan visual field of laser radar apparatus is improved, in enriching
The scan data of heart visual field.In addition, it is more than that laser emission element configures quantity to be generated using a small amount of laser emission element
Scan line, then can reduce the internal part quantity of laser radar apparatus, convenient for component arrangement, compression volume, reduce cost.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 show the scanning means schematic diagram in the laser radar of U.S. Patent application US8767190B2.
Fig. 2 show the structural schematic diagram of laser scanning device in the prior art.
Fig. 3 A, 3B show the agent structure schematic diagram of the laser scanning device of the utility model.
Fig. 4 show the agent structure schematic diagram of the scan prism of the utility model.
Fig. 5 A-5D show the diagrammatic cross-section for the scan mirror for having each Space Angle.
Fig. 5 E are shown in Fig. 5 A-5D through scan line schematic diagram caused by each scan mirror.
Fig. 5 F show light path schematic diagram of the transmitting-receiving subassembly with respect to a scan mirror.
Fig. 6 A show the schematic diagram that divergent state arrangement is presented in laser beam.
Fig. 6 B show the schematic diagram that the arrangement of convergence state is presented in laser beam.
Fig. 7 A show the rotation visual field general illustration of scan prism.
Fig. 7 B-7E show the rotation visual field substep schematic diagram of Fig. 7 A.
Fig. 8 A, 8B show scan line schematic diagram.
Fig. 9 show tool, and there are two the structural schematic diagrams of the laser scanning device of transmitting-receiving subassembly.
Figure 10 show tool, and there are three the structural schematic diagrams of the laser scanning device of transmitting-receiving subassembly.
Figure 11 show tool, and there are four the structural schematic diagrams of the laser scanning device of transmitting-receiving subassembly.
Figure 12 A show the structural schematic diagram of the laser scanning device with prism.
Figure 12 B, 12C show the scanning range schematic diagram on the basis of Figure 12 A.
Specific implementation mode
The realization process that the technical solution of the utility model is described below in conjunction with specific embodiment, not as new to this practicality
The limitation of type.
As Fig. 3 A, 3B show the agent structure schematic diagram of the laser scanning device of the utility model.Fig. 4 show this reality
With the agent structure schematic diagram of novel scan prism.For clarity in place of the technological improvement of displaying the utility model, known portion
The structure divided, such as turntable driving component are not shown.
Laser scanning device is the major optical structure of laser radar apparatus, is the optics basis for realizing laser scanning.Swash
Optical radar device further includes that other processing modules, battery module etc. belong to common knowledge in addition to including the laser scanning device
Component.
The laser scanning device of the utility model as shown in Figure 3A includes scan prism 1 and transmitting-receiving subassembly 2.
Scan prism 1 may include multiple scan mirrors, and all scan mirrors are around a scan axis O rotations.Specifically, it sweeps
It retouches prism 1 and may include three, four, five or six scan mirrors, be temporarily described by taking four scan mirrors as an example below.
Every group of transmitting-receiving subassembly includes laser emission element and laser pick-off unit.What laser emission element generated swashs
Light beam is radiated in a scan mirror, and outgoing is in laser radar apparatus after scan mirror reflection, with the rotation of scan prism 1
Turn, the normal of the scan mirror keeps constant the angle between horizontal plane, and interior angle constantly changes in the horizontal direction, then should
The reflection direction of laser beam also constantly variation therewith a, you can scan line should be generated.
In addition, the normal of each scan mirror forms Space Angle with the scan axis respectively.If all Space Angles are complete
Complete consistent, then the scan line that same laser emission element is generated through different scanning mirror-reflection overlaps, that is, only practical raw
At a scan line.However, in the present invention, all Space Angles are not exactly the same, then same Laser emission is directed to
Unit, the angle between the normal and horizontal plane of different scanning minute surface are not exactly the same so that in the rotary course of scan prism 1
In, the scan line that same laser emission element is generated through different scanning mirror-reflection not exclusively overlaps, you can generates more
Scan line.
Specifically, as shown in Figure 4, for the scan prism 1 tool there are four scan mirror, each scan mirror all has normal
P.The normal P of scan axis O and each scan mirror, are respectively formed a Space Angle, totally four Space Angles.Four Space Angle ∠ 1,
∠ 2, ∠ 3, ∠ 4 are not exactly the same.
That is, four Space Angles can be different, i.e. identical two are not present in ∠ 1, ∠ 2, ∠ 3, ∠ 4
Numerical value.Specifically, the correlation of four Space Angles is preferably successively decreased with same differential seat angle successively, such as the differential seat angle is
1 °, four space angles are followed successively by 91 °, 90 °, 89 ° and 88 °, to help same laser emission element anti-through different scanning minute surface
The scan line penetrated and generated is uniformly distributed.
Fig. 5 A show the diagrammatic cross-section of the scan mirror with 91 ° of Space Angles, and scan mirror upper end is to far from scanning
Axis direction tilts.
Fig. 5 B show the diagrammatic cross-section of the scan mirror with 90 ° of Space Angles, and scan mirror is parallel with scan axis.
Fig. 5 C show the diagrammatic cross-section of the scan mirror with 89 ° of Space Angles, and scan mirror upper end is to being slightly moved closer to
Axis direction is scanned to tilt.
Fig. 5 D show the diagrammatic cross-section of the scan mirror with 88 ° of Space Angles, and scan mirror upper end is on the bases Fig. 5 C
On further to close to scanning axis direction tilt.
Fig. 5 A-5D be shown have each Space Angle scan mirror rotate respectively to towards transmitting-receiving subassembly 2 when show
It is intended to.The position of 2 relative scanning axis of transmitting-receiving subassembly is fixed, and laser beam is emitted with fixed position and angle, and is swept due to four
The normal direction for retouching minute surface is different, so the direction of light reflection is also different.When each scan mirror 2 is revolved around the scan axis 1
When turning, scan line S1, S2, S3, S4 of different spaces distribution can be accordingly generated, as shown in fig. 5e, S1, S2, S3, S4 are kept substantially
Extend in the horizontal direction, four scan lines vertically arrange.
S1 is to illustrate scan line in Fig. 5 D caused by the scan mirror of 88 ° of Space Angles, and S2 is 89 ° of Space Angles in Fig. 5 C
It is to illustrate scan line, S4 in Fig. 5 B caused by the scan mirror of 90 ° of Space Angles to illustrate scan line, S3 caused by scan mirror
Illustrate scan line caused by scan mirror for 91 ° of Space Angles in Fig. 5 A.
So even if when only there are one can be with more if a branch of emergent light sent out when laser emission element for transmitting-receiving subassembly 2
The rotation of face surface sweeping mirror and generate 4 scan lines, the line number of the scan line of expanded laser light radar installations.
In another embodiment, four spaces angle part of scan prism 1 is identical, for example, ∠ 1=∠ 2=∠ 3, ∠ 1 ≠
∠4；Or ∠ 1=∠ 2, ∠ 3=∠ 4,1 ≠ ∠ of ∠ 3；Alternatively, ∠ 1=∠ 2,1 ≠ ∠ of ∠ 3,1 ≠ ∠ of ∠ 4,3 ≠ ∠ of ∠ 4.
In the case of 31 ≠ ∠ of ∠ 4 of ∠ 1=∠ 2=∠, ∠ 1, ∠ 2, the scan mirror corresponding to ∠ 3 generate
The drop point of scan line is consistent, that is to say, that these three scan mirrors can only generate same scan line, corresponding to ∠ 4
Scan mirror generates another scan line, generates two scan lines altogether.
Similarly, the identical scan mirror of Space Angle generates same scan line.In ∠ 1=∠ 2, ∠ 3=∠ 4,1 ≠ ∠ of ∠
In the case of 3, two scan lines are generated.In the case of ∠ 1=∠ 2,1 ≠ ∠ of ∠ 3,1 ≠ ∠ of ∠ 4,3 ≠ ∠ of ∠ 4, three are generated
Scan line.
In addition, same scan mirror had both realized the reflection to laser beam, laser beam irradiation target in the environment is also received
The signal light returned after object, and the signal light is reflexed into laser corresponding with the laser emission element for sending out the laser beam and is connect
Unit is received, to realize the complete procedure of laser scanning.With reference to shown in figure 5F, the scan mirror 101 of scan prism will receive and dispatch group
The laser beam that laser emission element 201 in part 2 emits reflexes at object A, the signal light generated by object A diffusing reflections
(dotted line in Fig. 5 F) still through the scan mirror 101 reflection after, by with the 2 matching used laser pick-off unit of laser emission element
202 receive, and realize laser scanning.It can be seen that the utility model uses emergent light and incident signal light shares same sweep
Retouch the parallel light path design in face so that light path bending number is few, and error is small, more accurate, system effectiveness height is acquired to light, separately
Outside, for laser radar apparatus, the outgoing of laser and can be considered to the reception of signal light is carried out at the same time, and realizes synchronization
Scanning.
In the transmitting-receiving subassembly 2, multiple laser emission elements, and quantity identical as laser emission element can be provided with
Laser pick-off unit.The launching elevation that the laser beam of each laser emission element is mutual is different, which faces upward
Angle of the angle between laser beam and horizontal plane.Further include lens group (not shown) in the transmitting-receiving subassembly 2, with to laser beam with
And signal light carries out the collimation of light.
By taking 4 laser emission elements as an example, it can also be the other quantities such as 8, be not limited.As shown in Fig. 6 A, 6B,
4 laser emission elements are vertically arranged, and all laser beams of 4 laser emission elements are located in same exit plane M, together
The launching elevation of each laser beam is different in one transmitting-receiving subassembly.In the case where four Space Angles are different, 4 Laser emissions
Unit can generate 16 scan lines.Divergent state arrangement is presented in four laser beams of Fig. 6 A, and four laser beams of Fig. 6 B are in cash
Poly- state arrangement.
In another embodiment, laser scanning device may also include two groups of transmitting-receiving subassemblies 2,3.
Wherein, laser beam caused by two groups of respective laser emission elements of transmitting-receiving subassembly is through the different scan mirrors
Outgoing is in the laser scanning device after reflection.As shown in Figure 3B, what the laser beam that transmitting-receiving subassembly 2 generates was generated with transmitting-receiving subassembly 3
Laser beam is radiated at respectively in two scan mirrors of scan prism 1, and then is reflected, and is emitted and is filled in the laser scanning
It sets, and then is emitted in laser radar apparatus.
It is the rotation visual field general illustration of scan prism 1 as shown in Figure 7 A, is the vertical view of Fig. 3 B.Shown in Fig. 7 B-7E
For the rotation visual field substep schematic diagram of Fig. 7 A.
Coordinate system is established as origin using Section center points of the scan axis O inside scan prism 1, wherein being z with scan axis O
Axis, and x, y-axis are established in the horizontal plane.The same vertex of scan prism 1 turn over successively during rotate clockwise A, B,
C, tetra- positions D undergo situation shown in Fig. 7 B-7E successively.
As shown in Figure 7 B, A is the initial position of honest placement, and B is the position that opposite A rotates less than 45 degree, and C is opposite A
Rotation is more than 45 degree of positions for being less than 90 degree, and D is the position that opposite A is rotated by 90 °.
Transmitting-receiving subassembly 2,3 is located at the both sides of scan prism 1, and transmitting-receiving subassembly 2 generates laser beam L2, and transmitting-receiving subassembly 3, which generates, to swash
Light beam L3.L2, L3 are each parallel to y-axis.
L2 vertical scanning minute surfaces when scan prism 1 is located at position A are incident, and former road reflects, with scan prism 1
Rotation promoted to-y-axis direction when the scanning range relative position A of transmitting-receiving subassembly 2, L2 is in scanning rib when positioned at position B
When mirror 1 is located at position C, 1 relative position A of scan prism has been rotated more than 45 degree, then reflected light rotation is more than 90 degree, scanning range
It across x-axis, covers and belongs to-the visual field of y-axis, and reach the side visual field border that transmitting-receiving subassembly 2 is directed to the scan mirror.With
Scan prism 1 continues to rotate, and comes position D, opens the scanning process to neighbor scanning minute surface, is swept to neighbor scanning minute surface
The process of retouching is the repetition to the scanning process of position A-C.
L3 vertical Current Scan minute surfaces when scan prism 1 is located at position A are incident, and former road reflects, with scanning
The rotation of prism 1, in in-position when B, L3 is incident to neighbor scanning minute surface, and reaches L3 is directed to the neighbor scanning minute surface one
Side view field border, the visual field border span x-axis, cover and belong to+the visual field of y-axis, and L3 is rotated in place C in scan prism 1
When, it is withdrawn to-y-axis direction when the scanning range relative position B of transmitting-receiving subassembly 3, continues to rotate with scan prism 1, come
Position D opens the scanning process to the latter scan mirror at this time, and the scanning process to latter scan mirror is to position A-
The repetition of the scanning process of C.
In position when A, D, L2, L3 are incident to two opposite scan mirrors respectively, and in position when B, C, L2, L3 enter respectively
It is incident upon two adjacent scan mirrors.
By the description of above-mentioned scanning situation it is found that due to being provided with two groups of transmitting-receiving subassemblies simultaneously in laser scanning device,
And every group of transmitting-receiving subassembly is made to realize reflection by different scan mirrors, then each group of transmitting-receiving subassembly is in respective scanning field of view
In move in circles scanning, and the scanning field of view of different transmitting-receiving subassemblies is not exactly the same in the horizontal direction, sharp to extend
The horizontal field of view of light scanning apparatus.Specifically, dotted portion respectively illustrates two transmitting-receiving subassemblies 2,3 to have respectively in Fig. 7 A
There are one the scanning field of view range for laser beam, from Fig. 7 A it is found that scanning of two groups of transmitting-receiving subassemblies near neighbouring x-axis
Visual field, which exists, to partly overlap, that is, the visual field of two transmitting-receiving subassemblies realizes docking, in the horizontal direction to horizontal field of view into
Extension is gone.
The utility model utilizes the scan prism of one-dimensional rotation, coordinates the variation of the Space Angle of each scanning plane, to realize
Two-dimensional scan, scanning range cover both direction simultaneously, with more exquisite Scan Architecture, realize increase scanning range
Target so that scanning process is succinctly efficient.
In addition, in one embodiment, the laser emission element of a part of transmitting-receiving subassembly is located at laser pick-off unit
The laser pick-off unit of top, transmitting-receiving subassembly described in another part is located at the top of laser emission element.That is, transmitting-receiving subassembly 2
Laser emission element is located at the top of laser pick-off unit, and the laser pick-off unit of transmitting-receiving subassembly 3 is located at laser emission element
Top.So that signal reception is accurate, error is avoided.
Further, it is as shown in Figure 8 A transmitting-receiving subassembly 2 with 4 laser emission elements, and the four of scan prism
Scan line signal in the case that a Space Angle is different, and the launching elevation of 4 laser emission elements is also different
Figure has 4 × 4 scan lines, i.e. scan line S1-S16 at this time.
In practical operation, the arrangement position of scan line can be faced upward according to the transmitting of the laser beam of each laser emission element
Angle, the concrete numerical value of Space Angle of each scan mirror, transmitting-receiving subassembly are adjusted with respect to the spatial attitude angle of the scan axis.Example
Such as pass through the adjustment of the concrete numerical value to the launching elevation so that partial scan line overlap.Two groups of transmitting-receiving subassemblies 2,3 are along the scanning
The axial height of the scan axis of prism could be provided as identical, may be set to be difference, transmitting-receiving subassembly 2,3 respective laser hairs
The quantity for penetrating unit is identical, can be vertically arranged, the launching elevation of the corresponding laser emission element in position in two groups of transmitting-receiving subassemblies
Can be identical or different, to adjust the arrangement mode of scan line.Its whole elevation angle of each transmitting-receiving subassembly, can be arranged
It is identical, or different, to adjust the arrangement mode of scan line, which is between the entirety and the horizontal plane of the transmitting-receiving subassembly
Angle.The spatial attitude angle can include but is not limited to transmitting-receiving subassembly along the axial height of scan axis, launching elevation, refer to
To direction.
The launching elevation of each laser emission element is adjusted according to actual demand, the space angle of each scan mirror, is received
The concrete numerical value of the spatial attitude angle of component is sent out, other arrangement modes of scan line are also can get, in the utility model
In the open scope.
In the case where four spaces angle part is identical but not exactly the same, preceding solution can be similarly referred to, still
The scan line more than 4 can be generated, the quantity of scan line is more than the quantity of laser emission element.
The case where laid out above is scan line caused by 2 side of transmitting-receiving subassembly, 3 side of transmitting-receiving subassembly also use same
Principle.Coordinate scheme described in Fig. 7 A, it is assumed that transmitting-receiving subassembly 2,3 includes four laser emission elements, and eight Laser emissions
The launching elevation of unit is all different, that is, there is angle between each laser beam, at this point, transmitting-receiving subassembly 2,3 respectively generates 16
Scan line, scanning field of view partly overlaps, and the scan line position of lap mutually staggers so that the scan line of lap
Doubles, the then data obtained in the field of view of this lap will more be enriched fully.
The launching elevation of 2,3 respective each laser emission element of transmitting-receiving subassembly, each scanning are adjusted according to actual demand
The projecting direction of the concrete numerical value of the Space Angle of minute surface, the specific installation position of transmitting-receiving subassembly and its laser beam also can get scanning
Other arrangement modes of line, in the open scope of the utility model.
Transmitting-receiving subassembly may also include the laser emission element of other quantity, also in the open scope of the utility model.
In addition, in the scheme of an optimization, the laser beam of the laser emission element of transmitting-receiving subassembly 2,3 can keep phase with y-axis
Same horizontal sextant angle α, i.e. transmitting-receiving subassembly 2,3 are symmetrical arranged with respect to the scan axis.
Referring to Fig. 9, wherein dotted line and y-axis keeping parallelism.In addition, the laser beam of the laser emission element of transmitting-receiving subassembly 2,3
Also different horizontal sextant angle can be kept with y-axis, that is, transmitting-receiving subassembly can be different with respect to the pointing direction of the scan axis.Pass through
The concrete numerical value of the horizontal sextant angle is set, range and the position of overlapped fov can be controlled.
Above-mentioned technical proposal is two groups of transmitting-receiving subassemblies of setting, and more multigroup transmitting-receiving subassembly can be also arranged in the utility model, with
Further expand the visual field of horizontal direction.
First, as shown in Figure 3B, the quantity that the transmitting-receiving subassembly of every side setting can be further expanded, for example, in transmitting-receiving subassembly 3
Be arranged above transmitting-receiving subassembly 3 ', the projecting direction of laser beam, scanning process, the scanning plane utilized and transmitting-receiving subassembly 3 are complete
It is exactly the same, to achieve the purpose that increase the line number of scan line.Similarly, it can be arranged above transmitting-receiving subassembly 2 ' in transmitting-receiving subassembly 2,
To coordinate transmitting-receiving subassembly 3 ' to use.
In another embodiment, as shown in Figure 10, on the basis of scheme shown in Fig. 9, the transmitting-receiving of third group can be further set
Component 4 generates laser beam L4.In order to avoid transmitting-receiving subassembly 3 itself causes to block to the visual field of L4, transmitting-receiving subassembly 3 and transmitting-receiving
Component 4 can be arranged with relative scanning axis on different height.
Identical as previous embodiment, the visual field of third group transmitting-receiving subassembly 4 is predominantly located in the regions-x-y, sharp to extend
Light scanning apparatus in the horizontal direction in visual field.
It is selected by the concrete numerical value of the horizontal sextant angle β between laser beam L4 and x-axis parallel lines, alternatively, to α in Figure 10
Integration with the numerical value of β selects, and according to the launching elevation of optical principle and actual needs setting laser beam, each scanning
The concrete numerical value of the Space Angle of minute surface, the concrete numerical value of the installation position of transmitting-receiving subassembly, can make the scanning of transmitting-receiving subassembly 3,4
Visual field is realized docking or is overlapped, and realizes docking successively to obtain 2,3,4 three's visual field of transmitting-receiving subassembly, forms one completely
Visual field, covering horizontal field of view will be located at 180 degree between 270 degree.To further expand the scanning energy of laser scanning device
Power and efficiency.
Similarly, as shown in figure 11, shown in Figure 10 on the basis of scheme, the 4th group of transmitting-receiving subassembly 5 can be further set, this
The visual field of four groups of transmitting-receiving subassemblies 5 is predominantly located in the regions-x+y, to extend laser scanning device in the horizontal direction in regard
.
It is selected by the concrete numerical value of the horizontal sextant angle β between laser beam L5 and x-axis parallel lines, alternatively, to α in Figure 11
With the integration selection and the selection of other parameters of the numerical value of β, the scanning field of view of transmitting-receiving subassembly 2,5 can be made to realize docking
Or overlap, and then obtain 2,3,4,5 four visual field of transmitting-receiving subassembly and realize docking successively, form a complete visual field, covering
Horizontal field of view will be between 270 degree to 360 degree.To further expand the scan capability and efficiency of laser scanning device.
The number of transmitting-receiving subassembly and position can carry out the setting of other modes according to actual demand, new in this practicality
In the open scope of type.
Polygon scanner recorded in CN201720413010.7 also can be used in the scan prism 1 of the utility model.
In addition, based on aforementioned disclosed structure, the invention also discloses a kind of scan methods, including：
Transmitting-receiving subassembly is set, which includes laser emission element and laser pick-off unit；
So that the scan prism with multiple scan mirrors is rotated around scan axis；
So that the laser emission element projects laser beam to the scan mirror, and is generated and swept by the rotation of scan mirror
Line is retouched, the normal of each scan mirror forms Space Angle with the scan axis respectively, and the angle of all Space Angles is incomplete
It is identical, so that the same laser emission element generates multiple scan lines.
Further, the scan mirror by it is corresponding with the scan line from object return signal light, reflex to
Generate the corresponding laser pick-off unit of laser emission element of the scan line.
Wherein, at least two groups transmitting-receiving subassembly is set, and the scanning field of view of the transmitting-receiving subassembly partly overlaps.
Alternatively, setting at least three groups of transmitting-receiving subassemblies, the transmitting-receiving subassembly are arranged around the scan prism, all transmitting-receiving groups
The visual field of part is docked successively, forms continuous visual field.
The emergent light of the laser beam that the laser emission element is projected to the scan prism after reflection meets following formula：
V_Angle=Lidar_Angle (Lidar_NUM)+Mirror_Angle (2)
X=Range*cos (V_Angle*D2Rad) * cos (H_Angle*D2Rad) (3)
Y=Range*cos (V_Angle*D2Rad) * sin (- H_Angle*D2Rad) (4)
Z=Range*sin (V_Angle*D2Rad) (5)
D2Rad=3.1415/180.0
Wherein, H_Angle is angle of the emergent light between the projection and x-axis of horizontal plane, and V_Angle is the emergent light
Angle between horizontal plane, N are the quantity of scan mirror possessed by the scan prism, and Lidar_NUM is Laser emission list
The number of member, Lidar_Angle (Lidar_NUM) are the laser beam and level for the laser emission element that number is Lidar_NUM
Angle between face, i.e. launching elevation, Mirror_Angle be the scan mirror for generating the emergent light normal and horizontal plane it
Between angle, i.e. mirror tilt angle, alpha is scan prism when rotation angle is 0 degree, and the x-axis goes out with this along clockwise direction
Angle of the light between the projection of horizontal plane is penetrated, Range is the distance measurement value for the emergent light that the laser radar apparatus measurement obtains,
D2Rad is a constant, and X, Y, Z are respectively the three-dimensional coordinate for the object that the emergent light is encountered.Wherein, when the scan prism edge
When rotating clockwise, theta is the rotation angle of the scan prism, and when the scan prism is along rotation counterclockwise, theta is
The rotation angle of the rotation angle of the 360- scan prisms, the scan prism can pass through the data of reading scan prism code-disc rotation
It obtains, the rotation angle is between 0-360.The mirror tilt angle of each scan mirror is it is known that simultaneously, each launching elevation is
It is known.
Above formula (1) (2) obtains the angle parameter of the emergent light for being calculated at any time when scan prism persistently rotates.
Above formula (3)-(5) for calculating the mesh for obtaining emergent light and being projected when scan prism persistently rotates at any time
Mark the position data of object.
By taking Fig. 9 as an example, scan prism rotates clockwise, and there are four minute surfaces for scan prism tool, and N=4, Fig. 9 show rotation
The position that angle is 0, at this time L2 be radiated at the first scan mirror, L3 is radiated at third scan mirror, is in the directions+x in figure
Second scanning plane is the 4th scanning plane in the directions-x.With the angles α of L2 in scheming for 30 degree, the angles α of L3 are also for 30 degree, then
The emergent light of L2, L3 are respectively 60 degree with respect to x-axis angle.That is, for L2, alpha is 300 degree, is for L3, alpha
60 degree.
When scan prism rotates 45 degree, theta=45 degree, then L2 is towards the first scan mirror, and L3 is towards the second scanning
The H_Angle of minute surface, the emergent light of L2 is 2 × 45+300=390 degree, and the H_Angle of the emergent light of L3 is 2 × 45+60=150
Degree.
The V_Angle of the emergent light of L2 is that the launching elevation of the laser emission element of L2 and the minute surface of the first scan mirror incline
The sum of angle.The V_Angle of the emergent light of L3 is that the launching elevation of the laser emission element of L3 and the minute surface of the second scan mirror incline
The sum of angle.
When scan prism rotates 135 degree, theta=135 degree, L2 is towards the 4th scan mirror, and L3 is towards the first scanning
Minute surface, and transformation has been carried out in the practical scan mirror reflected light, is reflected light for currently practical
Scan mirror, the H_Angle of the emergent light of L2 is 2 × (135-90)+300=390 degree, and the H_Angle of the emergent light of L3 is 2
× (135-90)+60=150 degree.
The V_Angle of the emergent light of L2 is that the launching elevation of the laser emission element of L2 and the minute surface of the 4th scan mirror incline
The sum of angle.The V_Angle of the emergent light of L3 is that the launching elevation of the laser emission element of L3 and the minute surface of the first scan mirror incline
The sum of angle.
When scan prism rotates 225 degree, theta=225 degree, L2 is towards third scan mirror, and L3 is towards the 4th scanning
Minute surface, similarly, the H_Angle of the emergent light of L2 is 2 × (225-180)+300=390 degree, and the H_Angle of the emergent light of L3 is 2
× (225-180)+60=150 degree.
The V_Angle of the emergent light of L2 is that the launching elevation of the laser emission element of L2 and the minute surface of third scan mirror incline
The sum of angle.The V_Angle of the emergent light of L3 is that the launching elevation of the laser emission element of L3 and the minute surface of the 4th scan mirror incline
The sum of angle.
When scan prism rotates 315 degree, theta=315 degree, L2 is scanned towards the second scan mirror, L3 towards third
Minute surface, similarly, the H_Angle of the emergent light of L2 is 2 × (315-270)+300=390 degree, and the H_Angle of the emergent light of L3 is 2
× (315-270)+60=150 degree.
The V_Angle of the emergent light of L2 is that the launching elevation of the laser emission element of L2 and the minute surface of the second scan mirror incline
The sum of angle.The V_Angle of the emergent light of L3 is that the launching elevation of the laser emission element of L3 and the minute surface of third scan mirror incline
The sum of angle.
For the mirror tilt angle and the launching elevation, by light along the horizontal plane to the lifting of the directions+z for just, light is along water
It is negative that plane is pushed to the directions-z.
By above structure, laser radar apparatus can obtain and expand to horizontal field of view, obtain partial field of view and overlap with band
The scan line come doubles, and obtains accurate target position information based on the structure.
For the transmitting-receiving subassembly 4,5 in Figure 10,11, above-mentioned formula (1)-(5) are also corresponded to.
In addition, when scan prism replaces with other scan mirror quantity, such as prism, pentaprism etc., principle with it is upper
State that four prisms are identical, and this will not be repeated here.
In the operational process of actual laser radar apparatus, it is accurate wherein data can be chosen from current field range
Higher part is spent, the work scanning field of view as laser radar apparatus.
In conjunction with Fig. 7 A associated descriptions it is found that choosing side of the higher part of accuracy as work scanning field of view according to demand
Method includes：
Step 1, scan prism passes through rotation first angle, second angle, third successively during rotating 360/N degree
Angle, fourth angle when detecting the scan mirror and rotating to first angle, obtain first group of transmitting-receiving subassembly for the first scanning
The signal light of minute surface；
It is rotation to position A to coordinate Fig. 7 A, first angle, and second angle is rotation to position B, and third angle is to rotate extremely
Position C, fourth angle are rotation to position D, and N is the quantity of scan mirror；
Step 2, when detecting the scan mirror and rotating to second angle, second group of transmitting-receiving subassembly is obtained for the second scanning
The signal light of minute surface；
Step 3, when detecting the scan mirror and rotating to third angle, stop obtaining first group of transmitting-receiving subassembly being directed to first
The signal light of scan mirror；
Step 4, when detecting the scan mirror and rotating to fourth angle, stop obtaining second group of transmitting-receiving subassembly being directed to second
The signal light of scan mirror.
That is, transmitting-receiving subassembly 2 can obtain generated scan data during being rotated from position A to position C.Transmitting-receiving
Component 3 can be obtained rotated from position B to position D during generated scan data.
Transmitting-receiving subassembly 2 can drive the laser emission element of first group of transmitting-receiving subassembly to open when scan prism is rotated to position A
It originates and penetrates emergent light, and stop driving the laser emission element of first group of transmitting-receiving subassembly to emit emergent light when rotation is to position C,
Meanwhile transmitting-receiving subassembly 3 can drive the laser emission element of second group of transmitting-receiving subassembly to start to send out when scan prism is rotated to position B
Emergent light is penetrated, and stops driving the laser emission element of second group of transmitting-receiving subassembly to emit emergent light when rotation is to position D.
Above-mentioned position ABCD, that is, first to fourth angle can also select specific location information according to demand, to cut
Take the highest part of precision as work scanning field of view.
By taking prism as an example, as illustrated in fig. 12, the central point of prism is located at the coordinate origin of three-dimensional system of coordinate, is revolving
When gyration is 0, for x-axis perpendicular to the triangle base in the section of the prism, laser beam L2 is incident with the direction of vertical y-axis,
L3 is incident with the direction that can connect the section bottom right vertex and central point.
For laser beam L2, scanning field of view range is as shown in Figure 12 B, calculates in a clockwise direction, with x-axis press from both sides 60 degree-
300 degree of range.
For laser beam L3, scanning field of view range as indicated in fig. 12 c, calculates in a clockwise direction, and 180 degree-is pressed from both sides with x-axis
420 degree of range.
As it can be seen that wherein there is overlapped fov, Maximum overlap range is in the range for pressing from both sides 180-300 degree with x-axis.
Scan prism passes through rotation to 0 degree of first angle, second angle successively during rotating 360/3=120 degree
60 degree, 60 degree of third angle, 120 degree of fourth angle.
Scan prism starts the scan data for obtaining L3 when rotation is to 0 degree, and the emergent light of L3 presss from both sides 180 with x-axis at this time
Degree；
Scan prism starts the scan data for obtaining L2 when rotation is to 60 degree, and the emergent light of L2 presss from both sides 180 with x-axis at this time
Degree；
Scan prism stops the scan data for obtaining L3 when rotation is to 60 degree, and the emergent light of L3 presss from both sides 300 with x-axis at this time
Degree；
Scan prism stops the scan data for obtaining L2 when rotation is to 120 degree, and the emergent light of L2 presss from both sides 300 with x-axis at this time
Degree.
Said program is the accurate Maximum overlap range obtained between L2, L3.In addition to this institute can also be expanded or shunk
Range is needed, as work scanning field of view.
For example, scan prism passes through rotation to 5 degree of first angle, second successively during rotating 360/3=120 degree
10 degree of angle, 105 degree of third angle, 110 degree of fourth angle.
Scan prism starts the scan data for obtaining L3 when rotation is to 5 degree, and the emergent light of L3 presss from both sides 190 with x-axis at this time
Degree；
Scan prism starts the scan data for obtaining L2 when rotation is to 10 degree, and the emergent light of L2 presss from both sides 80 with x-axis at this time
Degree；
Scan prism stops the scan data for obtaining L3 when rotation is to 105 degree, and the emergent light of L3 presss from both sides 390 with x-axis at this time
Degree；
Scan prism stops the scan data for obtaining L2 when rotation is to 110 degree, and the emergent light of L2 presss from both sides 280 with x-axis at this time
Degree.
At this point, with x-axis press from both sides 190 degree to x-axis 280 degree of ranging from overlapped fov of folder, and 310 degree in total can be obtained
Horizontal field of view.
The laser radar apparatus of scan mirror with other quantity, scanning process is similarly.
Through the above technical solutions, can be with the horizontal sweep visual field of expanded laser light radar installations.Expanded laser light radar installations
Scan line line number.Further, the scan line quantity of the centre scan visual field of laser radar apparatus is improved, abundant center regards
The scan data of field.In addition, generating the scanning for configuring quantity more than laser emission element using a small amount of laser emission element
Line, then can reduce the internal part quantity of laser radar apparatus, convenient for component arrangement, compression volume, reduce cost.
Above-described embodiment is only the exemplary description for realizing the utility model, without limiting the protection of the utility model
Range, protection domain please refer to subject to described in rear accessory claim book.
Claims (11)
1. a kind of laser scanning device, which is characterized in that including：
Scan prism, the scan prism include multiple scan mirrors, and multiple scan mirror is rotated around scan axis, and each this is swept
The normal for retouching minute surface forms a Space Angle with the scan axis respectively, and the angle of all Space Angles is not exactly the same；
Transmitting-receiving subassembly, the transmitting-receiving subassembly include laser emission element and laser pick-off unit, and the laser emission element is by sweeping
It retouches the rotation of minute surface and generates scan line,
Wherein, same laser emission element generates multi-strip scanning line by the rotation of the scan prism；The device includes at least two
Group transmitting-receiving subassembly, the scanning field of view of the transmitting-receiving subassembly partly overlap.
2. laser scanning device as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the device includes at least three groups of transmitting-receiving subassemblies, institute
It states transmitting-receiving subassembly around the scan prism to be arranged, the visual field of all transmitting-receiving subassemblies is docked successively, forms continuous visual field.
3. laser scanning device as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that at least partly described transmitting-receiving subassembly is with respect to the scanning
Axial symmetry is arranged.
4. laser scanning device as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that each transmitting-receiving subassembly is with respect to the scan axis
Spatial attitude angle is similar and different.
5. laser scanning device as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the transmitting-receiving subassembly is along the axial high of the scan axis
It spends similar and different.
6. laser scanning device as claimed in claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that the scan prism include three, four, five
A or six scan mirrors.
7. laser scanning device as claimed in claim 6, which is characterized in that passed with equal angular difference between the Space Angle
Subtract.
8. the laser scanning device as described in claims 1 or 2 or 7, which is characterized in that every group of transmitting-receiving subassembly includes multiple sharp
Light emitting unit and multiple laser pick-off units, each laser emission element send out a laser beam respectively, each laser beam it
Between there is angle.
9. laser scanning device as claimed in claim 8, which is characterized in that the laser beam arranges in divergent state or is in
Convergence state arranges.
10. laser scanning device as claimed in claim 8, which is characterized in that same scan mirror had both been realized to the laser beam
Reflection, also receive the laser beam and be radiated at the signal light returned after object, and the signal light is reflexed to and sends out this
The corresponding laser pick-off unit of laser emission element of laser beam.
11. a kind of laser radar apparatus, which is characterized in that including：
Laser scanning device as described in any in claim 1-10.
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