CN206260221U - A kind of crawler type orchard straw covering machine - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses a crawler-type orchard straw covering machine, which belongs to the field of orchard machinery equipment. There is a self-unloading straw material box on the crawler vehicle, and there is a discharge roller at the rear bottom of the straw material box; a soil covering mechanism is installed at the back of the crawler vehicle through parallel four links and steel wire ropes. In front of the soil covering mechanism is a soil fetching shovel, and there is a soil lifting device on both sides behind the soil fetching shovel. Behind the soil lifting device is a soil leveling device. There is a soil leveling screw in the soil collecting box of the soil lifting device; Under the action of the turning cylinder, it can be tilted backward around the hinge point, and the material can be spread evenly under the action of the unloading roller; the covering mechanism can be lifted by the lifting cylinder and pulled by the wire rope; the power of the unloading roller and the covering device is provided by a hydraulic motor. This machine can evenly cover the straw material or fertilizer between the rows of the orchard, and cover the covering layer with thin soil; it is suitable for orchards in dry areas, especially for dwarf orchards with intensive cultivation; it is also suitable for farmland, desert, beach, Improve soil quality and fertilize soil in barren land.

Description

A crawler-type orchard straw covering machine

technical field

The utility model discloses a crawler-type orchard straw covering machine, which belongs to the fields of agricultural equipment and straw resource recycling, and particularly relates to the field of orchard machinery and equipment.

Background technique

In recent years, with the adjustment of my country's agricultural industrial structure, the scale of fruit industry has developed rapidly. The planting area of apples, pears, peaches, grapes, citrus, etc. has reached the first place in the world, and my country has become a big fruit industry country. However, there is a big gap between the product quality and industrial efficiency of my country's fruit industry compared with developed countries. An important problem is that the orchard soil is poor and excessive use of chemical fertilizers leads to serious soil compaction. Soil moisture is not only a key factor in the continuum of soil, plants, and the atmosphere, but also an important carrier of nutrient cycle and flow in the soil system. It has an important impact on soil characteristics, plant growth, distribution, and changes in the microclimate of the ecosystem. Arid and semi-arid Soil water shortage in regional and seasonal water-scarce areas has always been a bottleneck problem restricting the development of fruit industry. Especially in the northern arid plains and southwestern regions of China, moisture conservation and water storage in orchards and improvement of soil organic matter content have become the top priority of orchard management. The organic matter content of orchard soil in European and American countries is generally above 3.0%, and the organic matter content of orchard soil in Japan can reach up to 6.8%, while the organic matter content of apple orchard soil in the northwest arid plain of my country is generally below 1.0%. Key factor.

Orchard straw mulching technology is a soil management technology adopted for orchards with thin soil layer, low fertility, poor water conditions and large bare soil area. Covering the bare soil around the fruit trees with an appropriate amount of crop straw, etc., it has multiple effects such as moisture conservation, water saving, improvement of soil organic matter content, weed suppression, heat preservation, no-tillage, labor saving and prevention of soil loss, and can improve soil ecology Microenvironment, root and tree growth, promote tree growth and development, thereby increasing yield and improving quality. Orchard straw mulching technology is an effective measure to solve the shortage of fertilizer and water in arid and semi-arid areas to improve the quality and increase production of orchards, and it is also one of the important production technologies for the development of ecological and organic fruit industries.

In recent years, orchard straw technology has been vigorously promoted in my country. However, the existing orchard straw mulching technology is simple and requires manual work, which is labor-intensive and time-consuming. In addition, fruit farmers are worried about orchard fires in dry seasons, resulting in low enthusiasm for fruit farmers and a small promotion area. ,With little success.

The intensive cultivation mode of apples with short stock is a major reform of the apple cultivation system and the main development direction of apple cultivation in the world. At present, European and American countries have generally adopted apple dwarf intensive and high-efficiency cultivation techniques, and the dwarf stock apples in many countries have accounted for more than 90%. High yield per mu and high rate of high-quality fruit are the outstanding advantages of the dwarf, intensive and efficient cultivation technology of apples. During the prolific period, the yield per mu can reach more than 5 tons, and the high-quality fruit rate can reach 85%. Comparatively speaking, in my country at present, mainly apples with joe anvils account for 90%, while apples with short anvils only account for about 10%. Therefore, in the next 10 to 20 years, my country will usher in a high-speed development boom of upgrading apple cultivation technology. In recent years, apple planting areas such as Shaanxi and Shandong have begun to introduce them on a large scale. With the promotion of fruit dwarfing technology, especially the intensive cultivation technology of dwarf apples in our country, the spacious rows of orchards and standardized tree shapes will facilitate the mechanization of orchard operations.

European and American countries generally adopt grass mulching technology in low stock orchards, but studies have shown that the grass mulching technology has the problem of competing with fruit trees for water and fertilizer, and leads to an increase in pests and diseases. Therefore, the current grass mulching technology is not suitable for my country's orchards, especially in arid and water-deficient areas.

Therefore, to change the crude method of orchard straw mulching in the past, to study the mechanization technology of orchard straw mulching and to develop orchard straw mulching operation tools is the key to give full play to the benefits of orchard straw mulching technology, and also to realize the efficient utilization of straw resources in high value-added fruit industry It is an important way to improve the soil moisture and organic matter content in the orchard, and an important guarantee to achieve high yield and high efficiency in the orchard.

At present, there are relatively few reports on the research and application of orchard straw mulching mechanization technology at home and abroad. Existing technologies such as CN104429384A, CN104429385A, CN204377459U, CN204377363 and other patents can solve the problems of crude, labor-intensive and time-consuming methods of straw mulching in existing orchards, promote the application of straw mulching technology in orchards, and realize soil moisture conservation in orchards to a certain extent The effects of water saving, fertilization, weed suppression, heat preservation and antifreeze have reduced operating costs, improved fruit production and benefits; solved the waste of straw resources and incineration pollution in the surrounding areas of orchards. However, there are still some deficiencies in the above technology. The main working parts, that is, the throwing and unloading mechanism, are arranged at the front of the whole machine. Such an arrangement will inevitably cause the trailer wheels to roll over the covering layer, forming ruts, and destroying the covering layer. Integrity, which greatly reduces the effect of moisture conservation and water storage and weed suppression of the covering layer; patent CN205213458U solves the problem of damage to the covering layer by front wheel rolling, so that the effect of moisture conservation, water storage and weed suppression of the covering layer can be fully exerted , which improves the quality of work, but the position of the throwing and unloading mechanism determines that the thrown soil and the discharged straw will form a cross collision in space, which affects the uniformity of coverage and the layering effect of double-layer coverage. Although CN201520598228.5 and other self-propelled orchard straw mulching machines are designed in an integrated manner, the quality of the covering soil of the covering mechanism is not easy to control, and the volume of the straw material box is limited, which affects the operation efficiency, and the overall operation quality needs to be improved.

The utility model discloses a crawler-type orchard straw mulching machine, which can comprehensively solve the above problems, improve operation efficiency and quality, promote the application of straw mulching technology in orchards, and realize soil moisture conservation, water conservation, fertilization, weed suppression, and heat preservation in orchards. Reduce operating costs, improve operating quality, and increase fruit production and efficiency; solve the waste of straw resources and incineration pollution in the surrounding areas of orchards, increase farmers' income, and increase agricultural efficiency. The mulching machine can also be used in farmlands, deserts, beaches, and barren lands other than orchards for soil improvement and fertilization.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of this utility model is to disclose a crawler-type orchard straw mulching machine, which can realize the mechanization and standardization of orchard straw mulching and surface soil covering operations. Improve the soil condition of the orchard, promote the large-scale and efficient utilization of straw around the fruit area, increase farmers' income and increase agricultural efficiency.

The technical problem to be solved by the utility model is: how to improve the operation efficiency and operation quality of the orchard straw mulching machine.

To realize the mechanization of garden straw mulching, it needs to be completed according to the following process steps:

(1) Straw processing: processing crop straw into straw fragments;

(2) Orchard straw mulching substrate preparation: Add appropriate amount of soil nutrients or soil structure improvement substances to the straw fragments described in step (1), and perform appropriate insecticide and sterilization treatments as required to form orchard straw mulch matrix.

(3) Orchard soil tillage: Use agricultural machinery to loosen, crush and level the soil between the rows of the orchard.

(4) Straw mulching: use a mulching machine to cover the straw (broken pieces) substrate described in step (1) or step (2) on the soil surface between the orchard rows, and the covering thickness should be as uniform as possible.

(5) Covering with thin soil: while the straw is covered, the mulching machine takes soil on the spot, covers a layer of crushed soil above the covered straw layer in step (4), and presses the covered straw layer with thin soil to form straw Cover with topsoil in layers. Step (5) can be used as needed.

In order to solve the technical problems to be solved by the utility model, the utility model provides the following technical solutions:

A crawler-type orchard straw mulching machine, characterized in that a vehicle frame 27 is fixed above the crawler chassis 29, and a cab 1, an engine 30, a gearbox 28 and a hydraulic pump 32 are installed on the front of the vehicle frame 27, and the upper rear of the vehicle frame 27 is A straw material box 2 is installed, and the bottom of the rear end of the straw material box 2 is hinged with the vehicle frame 27; at least one hydraulic tilting oil cylinder 26 is installed on the beam of the vehicle frame 27, its lower end is hinged with the vehicle frame 27, and its upper end is connected with the straw material The bottom of the box 2 is hinged; the straw material box 2 can be turned over and unloaded under the action of the hydraulic tilting oil cylinder 26 .

The basket of the straw material box 2 has two layers, and the upper basket plates on both sides and the rear are hinged with the lower layer, and are detachable and can be flipped and suspended.

A blanking roller 34 is horizontally installed at the rear lower corner of the straw hopper 2, and the gap between the blanking roller 34 and the bottom of the straw hopper 2 is adjustable; The bottom opening of the arc-shaped baffle 5 is a straw discharge opening 36, and a backward and downward feeding trough 7 is installed below the straw discharge opening 36.

The rear of the crawler chassis 29 and the stalk hopper 2 is a soil covering mechanism 12 .

The soil covering mechanism 12 includes a soil-taking shovel 21, a soil lifting device 13, a soil leveling device 11, a soil-taking shovel lifting device 19, a frame 8, a ground wheel 15, a parallel four-bar linkage mechanism 22, a steel wire rope 3, and a lifting cylinder 25 .

The soil fetching shovel 21 is an isosceles triangle structure, symmetrically installed on the rear of the crawler chassis 29; the isosceles side is the shovel surface 37, which is welded by two strip steel plates with equal lengths, and the handover of the two isosceles sides Place is the tip of a shovel 38, and the rear end both sides of the soil shovel 21 are hinged on the frame 8, and the burrowing depth of the shovel 38 can be adjusted by the shovel lifting device 19.

The extension of the shovel face 37 rear end both sides of described earth-taking shovel 21 joins with earth-lifting device 13, and earth-lifting device 13 is symmetrically fixed on both sides of frame 8, and its front part is connected with the shovel of soil-taking shovel 21. The rear portion of the surface 37 extends and connects, and its rear portion rises to connect up and down with the two ends of the soil collecting box 9 of the soil leveling device 11 in space.

The soil lifting device 13 can adopt a scraper conveyor or a screw conveyor; the front end of the soil lifting device 13 has a soil guiding groove 18, and the soil guiding groove 18 is in the shape of "eight", wide at the front and narrow at the rear, and its front end is connected with the soil fetching. The shovel face 37 rear end of shovel 21 extends and joins, and soil is shoveled up, gathers, imports soil lifting device 13 insides.

Described soil leveling device 11 is fixedly installed on the rear portion of frame 8, and the soil collecting box 9 of soil leveling device 11 is a U-shaped groove structure, which is horizontally symmetrically arranged, and its bottom has a strip-shaped soil discharge port 42, A soil leveling screw 10 is installed inside it, and the helical blades on the left and right sides of the soil leveling screw 10 rotate in opposite directions.

The lower edge of the chute 7 is above the frame 8, behind the soil shovel 21, in front of the soil collecting box 9, and just in the gap between the frame 8 crossbeams.

Both sides of described vehicle frame 27 rear ends are hinged with a pair of parallel four-bar linkage mechanism 22, and the rear end of parallel four-bar linkage mechanism 22 is hinged with the front end beam of frame 8; A steel wire rope 3 is pulled from both sides around the fixed pulley 6 fixed on the straw material box 2, and the other end of the steel wire rope 3 is connected to the lifting cylinder 25 through the oil cylinder pulley 24; .

The soil covering mechanism 12 can be landed on the ground during the straw covering operation in the orchard, and can be raised when the straw covering machine in the orchard is turning around or driving on the road; the covering mechanism 12 can also be raised and not working during the straw covering operation in the orchard. Promptly do not work under the situation of not needing thin soil cover pressure; When not needing thin soil cover pressure for a long time, can unload soil-covering mechanism 12.

The output power of the engine 30 drives the covering machine and the hydraulic pump 32 after being shifted by the gearbox 28; the output oil pipe of the hydraulic pump 32 is connected with the hydraulic motor I17 fixed on the frame 8 and the hydraulic motor fixed on the frame respectively Ⅱ23 is connected; the output power of hydraulic motor Ⅰ17 drives the leveling screw 10 through the chain Ⅰ16, and drives the soil lifting device 13 through the chain Ⅱ14; the output power of the hydraulic motor Ⅱ23 drives the unloading roller 34 through the chain Ⅲ20; the output oil pipe of the hydraulic pump 32 and the hydraulic motor Ⅰ17 A speed regulating valve is arranged in the middle of the connected oil pipe.

Both ends of the blanking roller 34 are fixed on the corner column 4 at the rear of the stalk hopper 2 through the bearing housing 33, and the position of the bearing housing 33 on the corner column 4 can be adjusted up and down, thereby adjusting the blanking roller 34 The gap between the lower edge and the bottom of the stalk hopper 2.

The output speeds of the hydraulic motor I17 and the hydraulic motor II are adjustable.

The blanking roller 34 is a toothed roller structure, and there are multiple rows of nail teeth 35 fixed on the surface of the round roller, and each row of nail teeth is arranged in a staggered manner; the nail teeth are triangular teeth or conical teeth.

Described shovel elevating device 19 is installed on the triangular waist crossbeam of shovel 21, rotates lead screw 40 by handle 39 and lifts roller 41, and then drives shovel 21 to rotate along the articulation of both sides of its rear part, with This adjusts the depth of penetration of the shovel tip 38.

The straw material box 2 can at least carry the amount of covering material covering 1 mu of orchard; the soil collecting box 9 can at least carry the amount of covering soil that the covering machine travels for 1 m when the soil lifting device 13 is not feeding material.

The crawler-type orchard straw mulching machine is characterized in that the orchard straw mulching machine can evenly cover the straw, or straw matrix, or fertilizer between the rows of the orchard, and cover the covering layer with thin soil; It is suitable for orchards in arid and semi-arid areas or seasonally dry areas, especially suitable for intensive cultivation of dwarf orchards, such as apple orchards with short stock; it is also suitable for soil improvement and fertility in farmland, desert, and barren land.

Compared with the prior art, a crawler-type orchard straw mulching machine of the utility model adopts the technical scheme of shoveling soil in front of the soil fetching shovel, conveying on both sides of the soil lifting device, and covering the soil behind the soil collecting box, which is different from the existing patented technology. It solves the problem that soil and straw form a cross collision in space, which greatly reduces the uniformity of coverage and the layering effect of double-layer coverage, so that the straw coverage layer and thin soil cover layer can be laid evenly and flatly, and is suitable for arid and semi-arid areas Or seasonally dry areas need moisture-conserving, water-saving orchards or land, especially suitable for intensive cultivation of dwarf orchards, such as apple orchards with low stock.

A crawler-type orchard straw covering machine, its working principle is as follows:

A crawler-type orchard straw mulching machine described in the utility model can complete orchard straw mulching and thin soil cover pressing. The specific process and working principle are expressed as follows:

During the orchard straw mulching operation, the mulching machine advances at a constant speed between the orchard rows. The straw hopper is tilted backwards, and under the action of the unloading roller, it flows out through the unloading trough, covering the straw and other materials on the ground. At the same time, the soil-taking shovel in the soil-covering mechanism distributes the soil to both sides of the orchard rows, and the soil guide grooves behind both sides of the soil-taking shovel gather the soil, scoop it up, and introduce it into the soil lifting device, after lifting and transporting, The soil falls into both ends of the soil collecting box of the leveling device. The soil leveling screw pushes the soil at both ends to the middle of the soil collecting box. During the pushing process, the soil falls from the discharge port at the bottom of the soil collecting box and spreads evenly on the straw material covering layer.

Beneficial technical effects: a crawler-type orchard straw mulching machine disclosed in the utility model adopts a crawler-type walking mechanism, which improves the passing performance and slope adaptability; the straw material box is enlarged, the effective working time is increased, and the working efficiency is improved ; The technical scheme of shoveling soil in front of the soil fetching shovel, conveying on both sides of the soil lifting device, and covering the soil behind the soil collection box solves the impact of the intersection and collision of soil and straw in space on the covering quality; the structure of the straw feeding roller and its relationship with The gap between the straw material boxes can be adjusted, so that the amount of straw coverage can be adjusted and the coverage can be uniform; the covering mechanism is placed at the rear to avoid rutting; the height of the soil fetching shovel can be adjusted, which improves the stability of soil fetching and the flexibility of covering soil thickness; The soil leveling device improves the stability and thickness uniformity of the covering operation.

reference sign

1. Cab 2. Straw material box 3. Steel wire rope 4. Corner column 5. Curved baffle 6. Fixed pulley 7. Feed trough 8. Rack 9. Soil collecting box 10. Soil leveling screw 11. Soil leveling Device 12. Soil cover mechanism 13. Soil lifting device 14. Chain Ⅱ 15. Ground wheel 16. Chain Ⅰ 17. Hydraulic motor Ⅰ 18. Soil guide tank 19. Soil shovel lifting device 20. Chain Ⅲ 21. Soil shovel 22. Parallel four-bar linkage mechanism 23. Hydraulic motor Ⅱ 24. Oil cylinder pulley 25. Lifting oil cylinder 26. Hydraulic tilting oil cylinder 27. Frame 28. Gearbox 29. Track chassis 30. Engine 31. Hydraulic oil tank 32. Hydraulic pump 33. Bearing Seat 34. Blanking roller 35. Nail teeth 36. Straw discharge port 37. Shovel surface 38. Shovel point 39. Handle 40. Lead screw 41. Roller 42. Soil discharge port.

Description of drawings

Figure 1 is a left side view of the overall structure of a crawler-type orchard straw covering machine

Figure 2 is a right side view of the overall structure of a crawler-type orchard straw covering machine

Figure 3 is a structure diagram of a tracked orchard straw mulching machine from the rear left side of the tracked vehicle

Figure 4 is a left front view of the structure of the soil covering device of a crawler-type orchard straw covering machine

Figure 5 is a front view of the structure of the soil covering device of a crawler-type orchard straw covering machine

Figure 6 is a bottom view of the structure of the soil covering device of a crawler-type orchard straw covering machine

Fig. 7 is a structural diagram of a soil-taking shovel of a crawler-type orchard straw mulching machine

Figure 8 is a structural diagram of the unloading roller of a crawler-type orchard straw covering machine

detailed description

In this embodiment, the mechanized operation of straw covering is carried out in an apple orchard with short stock. The distance between rows of apple orchards on short stock is 3.5m to 4.5m, and the tree shape and crown are neat.

Straw mulching in intensively cultivated short stock apple orchards needs to be completed according to the following process steps:

1 Straw crushing: processing the crop straw into straw fragments;

2 Preparation of orchard straw mulching matrix: Add appropriate amount of soil nutrients or soil structure improving substances to the straw fragments described in step 1, and perform appropriate insecticidal and sterilizing treatments as required to form an orchard straw mulching matrix.

3 Orchard soil tillage: Use agricultural machinery to loosen, crush and level the soil between the rows of the orchard.

4 Straw mulching: cover the soil surface between the rows or plants of the orchard with the straw fragment substrate described in step 1 or step 2 mechanically, and the covering thickness shall be as uniform as possible.

5. Covering with thin soil: use a machine to cover a layer of crushed soil above the straw layer covered in step 4, and cover the covered straw layer with thin soil to form a double-layer covering of straw and surface soil.

As shown in Figures 1 and 2, a crawler-type orchard straw covering machine has a vehicle frame 27 fixed above the crawler chassis 29, and a cab 1, an engine 30, a gearbox 28 and a hydraulic pump 32 are installed in front of the upper part of the vehicle frame 27. , a straw hopper 2 is installed behind the upper part of the frame 27, and the rear end of the straw hopper 2 is hinged with the frame 27; Its upper end is hinged with the bottom of the straw hopper 2;

As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the basket of the straw material bin 2 has two layers, and the upper basket plates on both sides and the rear are hinged to the lower floor, are detachable, and can be flipped and suspended.

As shown in Figure 3 , a blanking roller 34 is horizontally installed at the rear lower corner of the straw hopper 2 , and the gap between the blanking roller 34 and the bottom of the straw hopper 2 is adjustable; the outer side of the blanking roller 34 is blocked by an arc. The plate 5 is wrapped; the bottom opening of the arc-shaped baffle 5 is a straw discharge port 36, and a backward and downward discharge trough 7 is installed below the straw discharge port 36.

As shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 , behind the crawler chassis 29 and the straw bin 2 is a soil covering mechanism 12 .

As shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 4, described earth-covering mechanism 12 comprises earth taking shovel 21, soil lifting device 13, soil leveling device 11, earth taking shovel lifting device 19, frame 8, ground wheel 15, parallel four linkage Mechanism 22, wire rope 3, lifting cylinder 25.

As shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 7, described earth-taking shovel 21 is an isosceles triangle structure, is symmetrically installed on the rear of crawler chassis 29; Forming, the junction of two isosceles sides is the tip of a shovel 38, and the rear end both sides of the soil-taking shovel 21 are hinged on the frame 8, and the burial depth of the shovel tip can be adjusted by the shovel lifter 19 of the soil-taking.

As shown in Figures 1 and 4, the extensions on both sides of the rear end of the shovel face of the described earth-borrowing shovel 21 are connected with the soil lifting device 13, and the soil lifting device 13 is symmetrically fixed on both sides of the frame 8, and its front The part extends and joins with the shovel surface rear portion of the earth taking shovel 21, and its rear portion rises, and joins up and down with the two ends of the soil collecting box 9 of the soil leveling device 11.

As shown in Figure 4, Figure 5 and Figure 6, the soil lifting device 13 can use a scraper conveyor or a screw conveyor, and the present embodiment uses a scraper conveyor; the front end of the soil lifting device 13 has a soil guiding groove 18 , soil guide groove 18 is " eight " shape, and front wide rear is narrow, and its front end extends and joins with the shovel surface rear end of soil fetching shovel 21, and soil is scooped up, gathers, and imports soil lifting device 13 insides.

As shown in Figures 1 and 6, the described soil leveling device 11 is fixedly mounted on the rear portion of the frame 8, and the soil collecting box 9 of the soil leveling device 11 is a U-shaped groove structure arranged symmetrically in the transverse direction, and the bottom has a Elongated soil discharge port 42, a soil leveling screw 10 is installed inside it, and the spiral blades on the left and right sides of the soil leveling screw 10 rotate in opposite directions.

As shown in Figure 1, the lower edge of the chute 7 is located above the frame 8, behind the soil shovel 21, in front of the soil collecting box 9, and just in the gap between the frame 8 beams .

As shown in Figures 1 and 2, a pair of parallel four-bar linkages 22 are hinged on both sides of the rear end of the vehicle frame 27, and the rear end of the parallel four-bar linkage 22 is hinged to the front beam of the frame 8; There are two wire ropes 3 on both sides of the rear part of 8 to pull from both sides around the fixed pulley 6 fixed on the straw material box 2, and the other end of the wire rope 3 is connected to the lifting cylinder 25 through the oil cylinder pulley 24; On both sides, ground wheels 15 are installed respectively.

As shown in Figure 1, the described soil covering mechanism 12 can be landed on the ground during the orchard straw covering operation, and can be raised when the orchard straw covering machine is turned around or driving on the road; the described soil covering mechanism 12 can also be It can be lifted without working, that is, it does not work when the thin soil cover pressure is not needed; when the thin soil cover pressure is not needed for a long time, the soil covering mechanism 12 can be unloaded.

As shown in Figure 2, the output power of the engine 30 drives the covering machine and the hydraulic pump 32 respectively after being shifted by the gearbox 28; The hydraulic motor II23 on the frame is connected; the output power of the hydraulic motor I17 drives the soil leveling screw 10 through the chain I16, and drives the soil lifting device 13 through the chain II14; the output power of the hydraulic motor II23 drives the unloading roller 34 through the chain III20; the hydraulic pump 32 A speed regulating valve is arranged in the middle of the oil pipe connecting the output oil pipe with the hydraulic motor I17.

As shown in Fig. 1, Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, the two ends of the unloading roller 34 are fixed on the corner column 4 at the rear of the straw bin 2 through the bearing seat 33, and the bearing seat 33 is on the corner column 4 The position can be adjusted up and down, and then adjust the gap between the lower edge of the blanking roller 34 and the bottom of the stalk hopper 2.

As shown in Figure 4, the output speeds of the hydraulic motor I17 and the hydraulic motor II are adjustable.

As shown in FIG. 8 , the blanking roller 34 is a toothed roller structure, and there are multiple rows of nail teeth 35 fixed on the surface of the round roller, and each row of nail teeth is arranged in a staggered manner; the nail teeth are triangular teeth or conical teeth.

As shown in Fig. 4 and Fig. 7, described shovel lifting device 19 is installed on the triangular waist crossbeam of shovel 21, rotates lead screw 40 by handle 39 and lifts roller 41, and then drives shovel 21 along its The hinges on both sides of the rear swivel to adjust the penetration depth of the blade tip.

As shown in Figure 1, the straw material box 2 can carry at least the amount of straw covering 1 mu of orchard; the soil collecting box 9 can at least carry the covering machine to travel 1m when the soil lifting device 13 is not feeding. amount of soil cover.

The crawler-type orchard straw mulching machine is characterized in that the orchard straw mulching machine can evenly cover the straw, or straw matrix, or fertilizer between the rows of the orchard, and cover the covering layer with thin soil; It is suitable for orchards in arid and semi-arid areas or seasonally dry areas, especially suitable for intensive cultivation of dwarf orchards, such as apple orchards with short stock; it is also suitable for soil improvement and fertility in farmland, desert, and barren land.

In this embodiment, the power transmission from the hydraulic motor II23 to the feeding roller 34, from the hydraulic motor I17 to the soil homogenizing screw 10, and from the soil homogenizing screw 10 to the soil lifting device 13 is chain transmission, and belt transmission can also be used.

Further explain the working principle of a crawler-type orchard straw mulching machine described in the utility model:

A crawler-type orchard straw covering machine described in the utility model can complete the steps of orchard straw covering and thin soil covering. The specific process and working principle are expressed as follows:

A crawler-type orchard straw mulching machine described in the utility model can complete orchard straw mulching and thin soil cover pressing. The specific process and working principle are expressed as follows:

During the orchard straw mulching operation, the mulching machine advances at a constant speed between the orchard rows. The straw hopper is tilted backwards, and under the action of the unloading roller, it flows out through the unloading trough, covering the straw and other materials on the ground. At the same time, the soil-taking shovel in the soil-covering mechanism distributes the soil to both sides of the orchard rows, and the soil guide grooves behind both sides of the soil-taking shovel gather the soil, scoop it up, and introduce it into the soil lifting device, after lifting and transporting, The soil falls into both ends of the soil collecting box of the leveling device. The soil leveling screw pushes the soil at both ends to the middle of the soil collecting box. During the pushing process, the soil falls from the discharge port at the bottom of the soil collecting box and spreads evenly on the straw material covering layer.

The following 3 points need special explanation:

1. A crawler-type orchard straw mulching machine of this utility model adopts the technical scheme of shoveling soil in front of the soil fetching shovel, conveying on both sides of the soil lifting device, and covering the rear of the soil collecting box, which is different from the existing patented technology and avoids soil and straw Cross collisions are formed in the space, and the uniformity of coverage and the layering effect of double-layer coverage are significantly improved, making the straw covering layer and thin soil cover layer even and smooth.

2. A crawler-type orchard straw mulching machine of the utility model is not only suitable for low-stock apple orchards, but also suitable for other orchards or lands that require moisture conservation and water conservation in arid and semi-arid areas or seasonally arid areas, or that need to improve Soil organic matter content, other orchards or lands that improve soil quality and soil biological microenvironment, or other orchards or lands that need to suppress weeds in orchards, or other orchards or lands that require soil insulation, or other orchards or lands that combine the above-mentioned needs land.

3. In order to clearly illustrate the technical solution, the specification and accompanying drawings of the utility model give some details of the technical solution, and these details do not limit the claims of the utility model. Any deformation or modification made to these details shall not go beyond the protection scope of the claims of the present utility model.

Claims (8)

1. A crawler-type orchard straw mulching machine, characterized in that a vehicle frame (27) is fixed above the crawler chassis (29), and a cab (1), an engine (30), a transmission box (28) and hydraulic pump (32), and the rear of the upper part of the vehicle frame (27) is equipped with a straw material box (2), and the bottom of the rear end of the straw material box (2) is hinged with the vehicle frame (27); the vehicle frame (27) At least one hydraulic tilting cylinder (26) is installed on the beam, the lower end of which is hinged to the vehicle frame (27), and the upper end is hinged to the bottom of the straw bin (2); the straw bin (2) can be tilted in the hydraulic tilting cylinder ( 26) under the action of turning over and unloading; The basket of the straw material box (2) has two layers, and the upper layer of the basket plate on both sides and the rear is hinged to the lower layer, which is detachable and can be flipped and hung; A blanking roller (34) is horizontally installed at the rear lower corner of the straw hopper (2), and the gap between the blanking roller (34) and the bottom of the straw hopper (2) is adjustable; the blanking roller (34) rests against the straw hopper (2). ) outside the rear part is wrapped by an arc-shaped baffle (5); the bottom opening of the arc-shaped baffle (5) is the straw outlet (36), and a rearward-facing Lower feeding chute (7); The rear of the crawler chassis (29) and the straw hopper (2) is a soil covering mechanism (12); The soil-covering mechanism (12) includes a soil-taking shovel (21), a soil lifting device (13), a soil leveling device (11), a soil-taking shovel lifting device (19), a frame (8), a ground wheel (15), a parallel four Linkage (22), wire rope (3), lifting cylinder (25); The soil fetching shovel (21) is an isosceles triangle structure, symmetrically installed on the rear of the crawler chassis (29); the isosceles side is the shovel surface (37), which is welded by two strip steel plates of equal length, and the two isosceles The junction of the sides is the shovel tip (38), and the rear end both sides of the soil shovel (21) are hinged on the frame (8), and the burrowing depth of the shovel tip (38) can be adjusted by the soil shovel lifting device (19); The extensions on both sides of the shovel face (37) rear end of the soil fetching shovel (21) are connected with the soil lifting device (13), and the soil lifting device (13) is symmetrically fixed on both sides of the frame (8), and its front part The rear portion of the shovel surface (37) of the earth taking shovel (21) is extended and connected, and its rear portion is raised to connect with the two ends of the soil collecting box (9) of the soil leveling device (11) up and down in space; The soil lifting device (13) can adopt a scraper conveyor or a screw conveyor; the front end of the soil lifting device (13) has a soil guide groove (18), and the soil guide groove (18) is "eight" shaped, wide in front and narrow in back, Its front end is extended and connected with the rear end of the shovel surface (37) of the soil fetching shovel (21), and the soil is scooped up, gathered, and introduced into the interior of the soil lifting device (13); The soil leveling device (11) is fixedly installed on the rear part of the frame (8). The soil collecting box (9) of the soil leveling device (11) is a U-shaped groove structure, which is arranged symmetrically in the transverse direction. The soil discharge port (42) is equipped with a soil leveling screw (10) inside, and the spiral blades on the left and right sides of the soil leveling screw (10) rotate in opposite directions; The lower edge of the feeding trough (7) is above the frame (8), behind the soil shovel (21), in front of the soil collection box (9), and just in the gap between the beams of the frame (8) place; A pair of parallel four-bar linkage (22) is hinged on both sides of the rear end of the vehicle frame (27), and the rear end of the parallel four-bar linkage (22) is hinged to the front beam of the frame (8); There are two steel wire ropes (3) on both sides of the rear respectively, which are pulled from both sides around the fixed pulley (6) fixed on the straw material box (2), and the other end of the steel wire rope (3) passes through the oil cylinder pulley (24) and the lift The oil cylinders (25) are connected; ground wheels (15) are respectively installed on both sides of the frame; The soil covering mechanism (12) can be landed on the ground during the orchard straw covering operation, and can be raised when the orchard straw covering machine is turning around or driving on the road; the described soil covering mechanism (12) can also be raised during the orchard straw covering operation. It does not work, that is, it does not work when the thin soil cover pressure is not needed; when the thin soil cover pressure is not needed for a long time, the soil covering mechanism (12) can be unloaded. 2. A crawler-type orchard straw mulching machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the output power of the engine (30) is shifted by the gearbox (28) to respectively drive the mulching machine to walk and the hydraulic pump (32) ; The output oil pipe of the hydraulic pump (32) is respectively connected with the hydraulic motor I (17) fixed on the frame (8) and the hydraulic motor II (23) fixed on the frame; the output power of the hydraulic motor I (17) is passed through The chain I (16) drives the soil leveling screw (10), and drives the soil lifting device (13) through the chain II (14); the output power of the hydraulic motor II (23) drives the unloading roller (34) through the chain III (20); A speed regulating valve is arranged in the middle of the oil pipe connecting the output oil pipe of the hydraulic pump (32) with the hydraulic motor I (17). 3. A crawler-type orchard straw mulching machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, the two ends of the unloading roller (34) are fixed to the rear of the straw bin (2) through the bearing seat (33) On the corner column (4), the position of the bearing seat (33) on the corner column (4) can be adjusted up and down, and then adjust the gap between the lower edge of the blanking roller (34) and the bottom of the straw hopper (2). 4. A crawler-type orchard straw covering machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the output speeds of said hydraulic motor I (17) and hydraulic motor II (23) are adjustable. 5. A crawler-type orchard straw mulching machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, the unloading roller (34) is a toothed roller-shaped structure, and multiple rows of nail teeth (35) are fixed on the surface of the round roller , each row of nail teeth is arranged in a staggered manner; the nail teeth are triangular or conical teeth. 6. A crawler-type orchard straw mulching machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the lifting device (19) of the soil-borrowing shovel (19) is installed on the triangular waist beam of the soil-borrowing shovel (21), through the handle ( 39) Turn the lead screw (40) to raise and lower the roller (41), and then drive the soil shovel (21) to rotate along the hinges on both sides of its rear part, so as to adjust the penetration depth of the shovel tip (38). 7. A crawler-type orchard straw mulching machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, the straw material box (2) can at least carry the amount of mulching materials covering 1 mu of orchard; the soil collection box ( 9) When the soil lifting device (13) is not feeding material, it can at least carry the covering soil amount of the covering machine traveling 1m. 8. A crawler-type orchard straw mulching machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, the orchard straw mulching machine can evenly cover straw, or straw matrix, or fertilizer between the orchard rows, and the covering layer Thin soil cover pressure; suitable for orchards in arid and semi-arid areas or seasonally dry areas, especially suitable for intensive cultivation of dwarf orchards, such as apple orchards with short stock; also suitable for soil improvement and fertility in farmland, desert, and barren land.