CN206031105U - A thermal management system for an electric vehicle - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses a heat management system of electric motor car, which comprises a compressor, the inside condenser, the external condenser, first expansion valve, the second expansion valve, the evaporimeter, vapour and liquid separator, battery system, the PTC heater, a heat exchanger, a power pump and heat dissipation water tank, a compressor, the inside condenser, the external condenser, first expansion valve, the evaporimeter, vapour and liquid separator end to end in proper order, the external condenser is connected with vapour and liquid separator, the external condenser, the second expansion valve, heat exchanger and vapour and liquid separator connect gradually, a power pump, the PTC heater, battery system's heat abstractor and heat dissipation water tank end to end in proper order, a power pump and battery system's heat abstractor is connected with the heat exchanger respectively. The utility model provides a thermal management system of electric motor car has comprehensively considered refrigeration, has heated, has melted energy consumptions such as frost, battery system heat dissipation, heat recovery, has improved the reliability and the security of vehicle operation.

Description

A thermal management system for an electric vehicle

technical field

The utility model relates to the technical field of thermal management systems, in particular to a thermal management system of an electric vehicle.

Background technique

At present, the cruising range of electric vehicles is the bottleneck of the development of this industry. In addition to breaking through the existing battery technology, the management and optimization of vehicle energy consumption is another way to implement and optimize. The existing energy management of electric vehicles generally only considers some single functions. For example, some use a double evaporator system to assist heating, some use air cooling to dissipate heat from the battery, and some use liquid cooling to dissipate heat from the battery. Some use liquid cooling to dissipate heat from the motor and power components, and some consider the natural air cooling of the motor and power components. Such a single system cannot effectively evaluate the energy utilization of the vehicle comprehensively, and has a great impact on the cruising range of the vehicle.

For example, the Chinese invention patent with application number 201210511445.7 discloses a thermal management system, a battery thermal management system, electric vehicles and hybrid vehicles. The thermal management system includes a heating and cooling circuit and performs heat exchange with the heating and cooling circuit. The heat storage and cold storage circuit, wherein the circulating medium in the heat storage and cold storage circuit is a phase change cold storage material, wherein when the heating and cooling circuit is heating, the temperature of the circulating medium in the heat storage and cold storage circuit is not low At the phase change temperature, the heating and cooling circuit stops heating, and when the heating and cooling circuit performs cooling, when the temperature of the circulating medium in the heat storage and cold storage circuit is not higher than the phase change temperature, the The heating and cooling circuit stops cooling. The thermal management system only considers the energy management and control of a single component and system, which leads to greater risks in the reliability and effectiveness of vehicle operation.

Utility model content

The technical problem to be solved by the utility model is to provide a thermal management system of an electric vehicle that can comprehensively manage the energy consumption of the entire vehicle.

In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the utility model is:

A heat management system for an electric vehicle, including a compressor, an internal condenser, an external condenser, a first expansion valve, a second expansion valve, an evaporator, a gas-liquid separator, a battery system, a PTC heater, a heat exchanger, The first power pump and the cooling water tank, the battery system is equipped with a cooling device, the compressor, the internal condenser, the external condenser, the first expansion valve, the evaporator, and the gas-liquid separator are connected end-to-end in sequence through the first pipeline , the external condenser and the vapor-liquid separator are connected through the first pipeline, and the external condenser, the second expansion valve, the heat exchanger and the vapor-liquid separator are connected in sequence through the first pipeline, and the first power pump, the PTC heater, The cooling device of the battery system and the cooling water tank are connected end-to-end sequentially through the second pipeline, and the first power pump and the cooling device of the battery system are respectively connected to the heat exchanger through the second pipeline.

Further, a control unit is further included, and the first power pump and the PTC heater are respectively electrically connected to the control unit.

Further, it also includes an air conditioner heater and a blower, and the air conditioner heater and blower are respectively electrically connected to the control unit.

Further, a cooling fan is also included, the cooling fan is arranged on one side of the external condenser, and the cooling water tank is arranged on the other side of the external condenser.

Further, it also includes a first valve and a second valve, the external condenser and the first expansion valve are connected and set through the first valve, and the first valve, the second valve and the gas-liquid separator are connected through the first valve Two valve connection settings.

Further, it also includes a second power pump, a power element and an electric motor, the power element and the electric motor are respectively provided with heat sinks, and the heat sinks of the second power pump, the cooling water tank and the power element are connected end to end in sequence through a third pipe , the second power pump, the cooling water tank and the cooling device of the electric motor are connected end to end in sequence through a third pipeline.

Further, an expansion kettle is also included, and the expansion kettle is provided between the first power pump and the heat dissipation water tank.

Further, it also includes a two-way valve and a throttling tube, one end of the two-way valve and the throttling tube is respectively connected to the internal condenser, and the other end of the two-way valve and the throttling tube is respectively connected to the external condenser connect.

Further, a third valve is also included, through which the heat dissipation water tank, the heat exchanger and the heat dissipation device of the battery system are connected.

The beneficial effect of the utility model is that: the compressor, the internal condenser, the external condenser, the first expansion valve, the evaporator, and the vapor-liquid separator are sequentially connected end to end through the first pipeline, so that the switching between cooling and heating in the compartment can be realized , the first power pump, the PTC heater, the cooling device of the battery system, and the cooling water tank are connected end-to-end in sequence through the second pipeline. When the temperature of the battery system is low, the battery system can be cooled. When the temperature of the battery system is high, it can be passed Control the operation of the compressor and the first power pump, so that the refrigerant in the first pipeline and the refrigerant in the second pipeline exchange heat in the heat exchanger to cool down the battery system, start the battery system at low temperature and charge and heat When heating, it can be heated by the PTC heater. The thermal management system of the electric vehicle of the present invention comprehensively considers summer cooling, winter heating, battery system high and other energy consumption, which improves the reliability and safety of vehicle operation.

Description of drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a thermal management system of an electric vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Label description:

1. Compressor; 2. Internal condenser; 3. External condenser; 4. First expansion valve; 5. Second expansion valve; 6. Evaporator; 7. Vapor-liquid separator; 8. Battery system; 9. PTC heater; 10. Heat exchanger; 11. First power pump; 12. Cooling water tank; 13. Control unit; 14. Air conditioner heater; 15. Blower; 16. Cooling fan; 17. First valve; 18. The second valve; 19, the second power pump; 20, the power element; 21, the motor; 22, the expansion kettle; 23, the two-way valve; 24, the throttle tube; 25, the third valve; 26, the fourth valve.

detailed description

In order to describe the technical content, structural features, achieved goals and effects of the present utility model in detail, the following will be described in detail in conjunction with the embodiments and accompanying drawings.

The key idea of the utility model is to comprehensively manage energy consumption such as refrigeration, heat pump heating, liquid cooling of the battery system, low-temperature start-up of the battery system in winter, and charging auxiliary heat dissipation, so as to improve the reliability and safety of vehicle operation.

Please refer to Fig. 1, a thermal management system of an electric vehicle, including a compressor 1, an internal condenser 2, an external condenser 3, a first expansion valve 4, a second expansion valve 5, an evaporator 6, and a vapor-liquid separator 7 , battery system 8, PTC heater 9, heat exchanger 10, first power pump 11 and cooling water tank 12, said battery system 8 is provided with a cooling device, said compressor 1, internal condenser 2, external condenser 3. The first expansion valve 4, the evaporator 6, and the vapor-liquid separator 7 are connected end-to-end in sequence through the first pipeline, the external condenser 3 and the vapor-liquid separator 7 are connected through the first pipeline, the external condenser 3, and the second expansion valve 5. The heat exchanger 10 and the vapor-liquid separator 7 are sequentially connected through the first pipeline, and the first power pump 11, the PTC heater 9, the heat dissipation device of the battery system 8, and the cooling water tank 12 are connected end-to-end in sequence through the second pipeline, The first power pump 11 and the cooling device of the battery system 8 are respectively connected to the heat exchanger 10 through the second pipeline.

It can be seen from the above description that the beneficial effect of the utility model is that: the compressor, the internal condenser, the external condenser, the first expansion valve, the evaporator, and the vapor-liquid separator are connected end to end through the first pipeline in sequence, and the refrigeration in the compartment can be realized. and heating switching, the first power pump, the PTC heater, the cooling device of the battery system, and the cooling water tank are connected end-to-end in sequence through the second pipe to dissipate heat from the battery system when the temperature of the battery system is low; When it is high, by controlling the operation of the compressor and the first power pump, the refrigerant in the first pipeline and the refrigerant in the second pipeline can exchange heat in the heat exchanger to cool down the battery system. When starting at low temperature and charging and heating, it can be heated by the PTC heater. The thermal management system of the electric vehicle of the utility model comprehensively considers summer cooling, winter heating, high temperature heat dissipation of the battery system, low temperature heat dissipation of the battery system, and low temperature of the battery system in winter. Energy consumption such as starting and charging auxiliary heating improves the reliability and safety of vehicle operation.

Further, a control unit 13 is also included, and the first power pump 11 and the PTC heater 9 are respectively electrically connected to the control unit 13 .

It can be known from the above description that the first power pump and the PTC heater are controlled on and off by the control unit.

Further, it also includes an air-conditioning heater 14 and a blower 15 , and the air-conditioning heater 14 and the blower 15 are respectively electrically connected to the control unit 13 .

It can be seen from the above description that the air conditioner heater and the blower are electrically connected to the control unit respectively. When the cabin is heated, when the set temperature is significantly different from the temperature inside the vehicle, the control unit controls the air conditioner heater and the heat pump heating system simultaneously. Heating, when the difference between the set temperature and the temperature inside the car is small, the heat pump heating system is used alone for heating.

Further, a cooling fan 16 is also included, the cooling fan 16 is arranged on one side of the external condenser 3 , and the cooling water tank 12 is arranged on the other side of the external condenser 3 .

It can be seen from the above description that the cooling fan can transfer the heat in the cooling water tank to the external condenser, so as to increase the heating capacity and reduce the possibility of frosting on the external condenser.

Further, it also includes a first valve 17 and a second valve 18, the external condenser 3 and the first expansion valve 4 are connected and set through the first valve 17, the first valve 17, the second valve 18 and the steam The liquid separator 7 is connected and arranged through the second valve 18 .

It can be seen from the above description that the first valve and the second valve are set, and by controlling the on-off of the first valve and the second valve, the working conditions such as heating, cooling and heat dissipation of the battery system can be switched.

Further, it also includes a second power pump 19, a power element 20 and an electric motor 21, and the power element 20 and the electric motor 21 are respectively provided with cooling devices, and the heat dissipation of the second power pump 19, the cooling water tank 12 and the power element 20 The devices are connected end-to-end in sequence through the third pipeline, and the radiators of the second power pump 19, the cooling water tank 12 and the motor 21 are connected end-to-end in sequence through the third pipeline.

It can be seen from the above description that the motor and power components can dissipate heat through the cooling water tank, and then transfer the heat in the cooling water tank to the external condenser through the cooling fan to recover waste heat.

Further, an expansion kettle 22 is also included, and the expansion kettle 22 is provided between the first power pump 11 and the cooling water tank 12 .

It can be seen from the above description that setting the expansion kettle can prevent the cooling system from bursting and damaging the thermal management system due to excessive pressure.

Further, it also includes a two-way valve 23 and a throttle tube 24, one end of the two-way valve 23 and the throttle tube 24 is respectively connected to the internal condenser 2, and the other end of the two-way valve 23 and the throttle tube 24 Connect with the external condenser 3 respectively.

Further, a third valve 25 is also included, through which the heat dissipation water tank 12 , the heat exchanger 10 and the heat dissipation device of the battery system 8 are connected.

Please refer to Fig. 1, embodiment one of the present utility model is:

A heat management system for an electric vehicle, including a compressor 1, an internal condenser 2, an external condenser 3, a first expansion valve 4, a second expansion valve 5, an evaporator 6, a vapor-liquid separator 7, a battery system 8, PTC heater 9, heat exchanger 10, first power pump 11, cooling water tank 12, control unit 13, air conditioner heater 14, blower 15, cooling fan 16, first valve 17, second valve 18, second power pump 19. Power element 20, motor 21, expansion kettle 22, two-way valve 23, throttling tube 24, third valve 25 and fourth valve 26. The battery system 8 , the power element 20 and the motor 21 are respectively provided with cooling devices. The first valve 17 , the second valve 18 , the third valve 25 and the fourth valve 26 are respectively three-way valves.

The compressor 1, the internal condenser 2, the external condenser 3, the first expansion valve 4, the evaporator 6, and the vapor-liquid separator 7 are connected end-to-end in sequence through the first pipeline, and one end of the two-way valve 23 and the throttle pipe 24 are respectively connected to the The internal condenser 2 is connected, and the other ends of the two-way valve 23 and the throttling pipe 24 are respectively connected with the external condenser 3 .

The external condenser 3 and the vapor-liquid separator 7 are connected through a first pipeline, and the external condenser 3, the second expansion valve 5, the heat exchanger 10 and the vapor-liquid separator 7 are connected in sequence through the first pipeline. The first valve 17 and the second valve 18 are respectively arranged on the first pipeline between the external condenser 3 and the vapor-liquid separator 7, and the external condenser 3, the first expansion valve 4 and the second valve 18 respectively pass through the first valve 17, and the vapor-liquid separator 7 and the second expansion valve 5 are respectively communicated with the second valve 18.

The first power pump 11 , the PTC heater 9 , the heat sink of the battery system 8 , the cooling water tank 12 and the expansion kettle 22 are sequentially connected end to end through the second pipeline. The first power pump 11 , the PTC heater 9 , the cooling device of the battery system 8 and the heat exchanger 10 are sequentially connected end to end through the second pipeline. The third valve 25 and the fourth valve 26 are respectively arranged on the second pipeline between the cooling water tank 12 and the battery system 8 . The cooling water tank 12 , the heat exchanger 10 and the cooling device of the battery system 8 are connected through the third valve 25 , and the third valve 25 , the first power pump 11 and the cooling device of the battery system 8 are connected through the fourth valve 26 .

The second power pump 19, the cooling water tank 12 and the cooling device of the power element 20 are connected end-to-end in sequence through the third pipeline, and the cooling device of the second power pump 19, the cooling water tank 12 and the motor 21 are connected end-to-end in sequence through the third pipeline. An expansion kettle 22 is also connected to the second power pump 19 . The cooling fan 16 is arranged on one side of the external condenser 3 , and the cooling water tank 12 is arranged on the other side of the external condenser 3 . The cooling fan 16 is a two-way fan.

Compressor 1, PTC heater 9, first power pump 11, second power pump 19, two-way valve 23, first valve 17, second valve 18, third valve 25, fourth valve 26, air conditioner heater 14 , the blower 15 and the cooling fan 16 are respectively electrically connected to the control unit 13 to control the on-off of each channel and the work of the device.

Different refrigerants are passed into the first pipeline, the second pipeline and the third pipeline respectively. Refrigerant 1 is passed into the first pipe, refrigerant 2 is passed into the second pipe, and refrigerant 3 is passed into the third pipe.

When the compartment is refrigerated, the circuit of refrigerant 1 is: compressor 1-internal condenser 2-two-way valve 23-external condenser 3-first valve 17-first expansion valve 4-evaporator 6-vapor-liquid separator 7 - Compressor 1. At this time, the internal condenser 2 does not work, and the high-temperature and high-pressure gaseous refrigerant condenses into a high-pressure liquid through the external condenser 3. After being throttled and decompressed by the first expansion valve 4, it enters the indoor evaporator 6, and then enters the evaporator 6 It absorbs heat and turns it into a gas to achieve the purpose of refrigeration.

Using the thermal load balance model of the whole vehicle, calculate the temperature required by the air outlet of the compartment at the next moment, and control the speed of the compressor 1 according to the cooling capacity required by the heat dissipation condition of the integrated battery system 8, and request torque to the whole vehicle.

When the compartment is heated, the circuit of refrigerant 1 is: compressor 1-internal condenser 2-throttle tube 24-external condenser 3-first valve 17-second valve 18-vapor-liquid separator 7-compressor 1 . The high-temperature and high-pressure gaseous refrigerant liquefies and releases heat in the internal condenser 2, heats the air in the compartment, and then enters the external condenser 3 to absorb heat and become a gaseous state. In the heating mode, when the difference between the set temperature and the interior temperature is large, such as the difference between the set temperature and the interior temperature is greater than or equal to 15°C and the temperature outside the compartment is less than -7°C, the control unit 13 controls the air conditioner heater 14 works to make the air-conditioning heater 14 and the heating system run simultaneously, and after the difference between the temperature in the car and the set temperature decreases, the air-conditioning heater 14 is turned off. When the difference between the set temperature and the temperature inside the car is small, such as when the difference is less than 15°C and the temperature of the compartment is greater than or equal to -7°C, the heating system is used alone for heating, and the air conditioner heater 14 is turned off. When the heating temperature of the air conditioner heater 14 is greater than or equal to a certain value, the air conditioner heater 14 is turned off to protect the air conditioner heater 14 .

In the heating mode, the external condenser 3 is prone to frosting. A temperature sensor is provided on the external condenser 3, and the temperature sensor transmits a signal to the control unit 13. According to the temperature of the temperature sensor on the external condenser 3 and the temperature of the compressor 1 If the suction pressure and temperature of compressor 1 determine whether the external condenser 3 is frosted, if it is judged by the suction pressure and temperature of compressor 1 that the state of the refrigerant at the air inlet of compressor 1 is gaseous, it is still in the heating mode. There may be a liquid state. If the suction superheat is too low, the first valve 17 will be adjusted to the cooling state to defrost. Finally, the suction pressure and temperature of the compressor 1 will determine whether the defrost is complete. It is the original heating state.

The heat dissipation of the electric motor 21 and the power element 20 , the circuit of the refrigerant 3 is: the second power pump 19 - the electric motor 21 / the power element 20 - the cooling water tank 12 . The rotational speeds of the second power pump 19 and the cooling fan 16 are controlled according to the temperatures of the electric motor 21 and the power element 20 .

When the battery system 8 dissipates heat at a high temperature, it dissipates heat through the first pipe and the second pipe.

The circuit of refrigerant 1 is: compressor 1-internal condenser 2-two-way valve 23-external condenser 3-first valve 17-first expansion valve 4-evaporator 6/second valve 18-second expansion valve 5-heat exchanger 10-gas-liquid separator 7-compressor 1.

The circuit of the refrigerant 2 is: the first power pump 11 - the battery system 8 - the fourth valve 26 - the heat exchanger 10. The refrigerant 1 in the first pipe and the refrigerant 2 in the second pipe exchange heat in the heat exchanger 10 . When the battery system 8 dissipates heat, the internal temperature of the battery system 8, the internal heat dissipation structure, and the temperature and difference between the inlet and outlet of the coolant of the battery system 8 are comprehensively considered, and the speeds of the compressor 1 and the first power pump 11 are controlled to improve the efficiency of heat dissipation management of the battery system 8. reliability, availability and power consumption.

When the battery system 8 dissipates heat at low temperature, the circuit of the refrigerant 2 is: the first power pump 11 - the battery system 8 - the fourth valve 26 - the cooling water tank 12 - the expansion kettle 22 . When the external temperature is low and the internal temperature of the battery system 8 is at or slightly higher than the upper limit of the operating temperature range of the battery system 8, the battery system 8 can dissipate heat through the cooling water tank 12 circuit.

When the battery system 8 starts at low temperature and is charged and heated, the whole vehicle can be heated by the low-voltage and low-power PTC heater 9 .

The waste heat recovery of the electric motor 21, the power element 20 and the battery system 8 is mainly used for defrosting and heating conditions. When the motor 21, the power element 20 and the battery system 8 dissipate heat through the heat dissipation water tank 12, the heat in the heat dissipation water tank 12 can be transferred to the external condenser 3 through the cooling fan 16, so as to increase heat and reduce the possibility of frosting. At the same time, the air intake temperature of the external condenser 3 can be increased to increase the heating capacity of the entire system.

To sum up, the thermal management system of electric vehicles provided by the utility model comprehensively considers cooling in summer, heating in winter, automatic frosting, heat dissipation of motor and power components, heat dissipation of battery system, heat recovery of battery system, motor and power components, The energy consumption of the battery system in winter, such as low-temperature starter charging and auxiliary heating, improves the reliability and safety of vehicle operation.

The above is only an embodiment of the utility model, and does not limit the patent scope of the utility model. All equivalent transformations made by using the utility model specification and accompanying drawings, or directly or indirectly used in related technical fields, are all the same. The theory is included in the patent protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims (9)

1. a kind of heat management system of electric motor car, it is characterised in that including compressor, internal condensation device, external condenser, first Expansion valve, the second expansion valve, vaporizer, vapour liquid separator, battery system, ptc heater, heat exchanger, the first kinetic pump and dissipate Boiler, is provided with heat abstractor, the compressor, internal condensation device, external condenser, the first expansion in the battery system Valve, vaporizer, vapour liquid separator are connected by the first pipeline successively head and the tail, and external condenser passes through first pipe with vapour liquid separator Road connects, and external condenser, the second expansion valve, heat exchanger and vapour liquid separator are sequentially connected by the first pipeline, and described first Kinetic pump, ptc heater, the heat abstractor of battery system and cooling water tank are connected by second pipe successively head and the tail, and first moves The heat abstractor of power pump and battery system is connected with heat exchanger respectively by second pipe.

2. the heat management system of electric motor car according to claim 1, it is characterised in that also including control unit, described One kinetic pump and ptc heater are electrically connected with described control unit respectively.

3. the heat management system of electric motor car according to claim 2, it is characterised in that also including air-conditioning heater and air blast Machine, the air-conditioning heater and aerator are electrically connected with described control unit respectively.

4. the heat management system of electric motor car according to claim 1, it is characterised in that also including cooling fan, described cold But fan is arranged on the side of the external condenser, and the cooling water tank is arranged on the opposite side of the external condenser.

5. the heat management system of electric motor car according to claim 1, it is characterised in that also including the first valve and the second valve Door, the external condenser and the first expansion valve by the first valve connect setting, first valve, the second valve and Vapour liquid separator is by the second valve connect setting.

6. the heat management system of electric motor car according to claim 1, it is characterised in that also including the second kinetic pump, power Element and motor, are respectively equipped with heat abstractor on the power component and motor, second kinetic pump, cooling water tank and The heat abstractor of power component is connected by the 3rd pipeline successively head and the tail, the radiating of the second kinetic pump, cooling water tank and motor Device is connected by the 3rd pipeline successively head and the tail.

7. the heat management system of electric motor car according to claim 1, it is characterised in that also including expansion tank, described The expansion tank is provided between one kinetic pump and the cooling water tank.

8. the heat management system of electric motor car according to claim 1, it is characterised in that also including two-port valve and throttle pipe, One end of the two-port valve and throttle pipe is connected with the internal condensation device respectively, the other end of two-port valve and throttle pipe respectively with The external condenser connection.

9. the heat management system of electric motor car according to claim 1, it is characterised in that also including the 3rd valve, it is described to dissipate The heat abstractor of boiler, heat exchanger and battery system is connected by the 3rd valve.