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CN1926030B - 货架容器 - Google Patents

货架容器 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1926030B
CN1926030B CN2005800063230A CN200580006323A CN1926030B CN 1926030 B CN1926030 B CN 1926030B CN 2005800063230 A CN2005800063230 A CN 2005800063230A CN 200580006323 A CN200580006323 A CN 200580006323A CN 1926030 B CN1926030 B CN 1926030B
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Prior art keywords
pipeline
plastic container
container
inner plastic
discharging joint
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CN1926030A (zh
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K·P·施米德特
D·魏劳赫
D·普日图拉
E·乌尔策尔
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Mauser Werke GmbH
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Mauser Werke GmbH
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D77/00—Packages formed by enclosing articles or materials in preformed containers, e.g. boxes, cartons, sacks or bags
    • B65D77/04—Articles or materials enclosed in two or more containers disposed one within another
    • B65D77/06—Liquids or semi-liquids or other materials or articles enclosed in flexible containers disposed within rigid containers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D77/00—Packages formed by enclosing articles or materials in preformed containers, e.g. boxes, cartons, sacks or bags
    • B65D77/04—Articles or materials enclosed in two or more containers disposed one within another
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    • B65D77/0453—Articles or materials enclosed in two or more containers disposed one within another the inner and outer containers being rigid or semi-rigid and the outer container being of polygonal cross-section not formed by folding or erecting one or more blanks the inner container having a polygonal cross-section
    • B65D77/0466—Articles or materials enclosed in two or more containers disposed one within another the inner and outer containers being rigid or semi-rigid and the outer container being of polygonal cross-section not formed by folding or erecting one or more blanks the inner container having a polygonal cross-section the containers being mounted on a pallet
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
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    • B29C66/53—Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars
    • B29C66/532—Joining single elements to the wall of tubular articles, hollow articles or bars
    • B29C66/5324—Joining single elements to the wall of tubular articles, hollow articles or bars said single elements being substantially annular, i.e. of finite length
    • B29C66/53245—Joining single elements to the wall of tubular articles, hollow articles or bars said single elements being substantially annular, i.e. of finite length said articles being hollow
    • B29C66/53246—Joining single elements to the wall of tubular articles, hollow articles or bars said single elements being substantially annular, i.e. of finite length said articles being hollow said single elements being spouts, e.g. joining spouts to containers
    • B29C66/53247—Joining single elements to the wall of tubular articles, hollow articles or bars said single elements being substantially annular, i.e. of finite length said articles being hollow said single elements being spouts, e.g. joining spouts to containers said spouts comprising flanges
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    • B29C66/61—Joining from or joining on the inside
    • B29C66/612—Making circumferential joints
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C2793/0018—Cutting out for making a hole
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C2793/009—Shaping techniques involving a cutting or machining operation after shaping
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
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Abstract

一种用于储存和运输液体或自由流动货物的货架容器(10)，它包括一个热塑性材料制成的薄壁内部容器(12)，一个形式为支承外套的紧靠地包围该内部塑料容器(12)的管状的格栅框架(14)，以及一个底部货架(16)，内部塑料容器(12)置放在该底部货架上，并且，管状的格栅框架(14)与该底部货架牢固地固定在一起，其中，为了抽出液体内部塑料容器(12)在下侧面上大约在靠近它的底部的侧壁的中段包括一个吹制成的经过校准的管状管道(18)，为的是可以安装一个可关闭的排放接头(22)。当包括的密封件老化时或者当储存腐蚀性的货物时，或者当没有足够地将连接螺母旋紧时，用螺纹装上的排放接头(22)可能很容易导致泄漏。本发明以简单的方式通过把排放接头(22)用它的管状壳体(24)焊接到内部容器(12)的经过校准的管状管道(18)上克服了这些缺点。

Description

货架容器
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于储存和运输液体或自由流动货物的货架(或托盘)容器，它带有一个热塑性材料制成的薄壁内部容器，一个形式为支承外套的紧靠地包围该内部塑料容器的管状的格栅框架，一个底部货架，内部塑料容器置放在该底部货架上，并且，管状的格栅框架与该底部货架牢固地固定在一起，其中，为了抽出液体内部塑料容器在下侧面上大约在靠近它的底部侧壁的中段包括一个吹制成的经过校准的管状管道，为的是能够安装一个可关闭的排放接头。本发明还涉及一种制作这样的货架容器的方法。
背景技术
通常已经知道这样的货架容器的结构构形，例如在专利出版物DE-A 34 42 701(属于我们)中描述了它的基本部件。典型地，借助于一个连接螺母用螺纹把排放接头旋接到内部容器的出口管道的外螺纹上；然而也已经知道对于排放接头还有焊接上的连接。例如由专利出版物DE-A 34 42 700(属于我们)已经知道带有直接焊接到内部塑料容器上的排放接头的货架容器。在进行吹制过程之后，在内部容器中设置一个邻近底部的开口，用来插入排放接头的壳体的大约一半，并且对着内部容器的壁进行焊接。
由先有技术还已经知道带有用于接头的预先制作出的带螺纹的管道或整个壳体，用作插入打开的吹制模具中的插入件，接着在吹制过程中与塑料的容器焊接在一起。然而，这些结构改型有特别的缺点：
将带有螺纹的管道或壳体放入到吹制模具中很复杂，并且不安全；
在吹制过程中把插入件与内部容器焊接在一起相当不确定(没有可严格控制的接触压力)；
必须接着开启在内部容器中穿过管道或阀门壳体的流体通过的开口(例如，伴随有相应的污染的钻孔)；
必须在容器上完成接头(复杂)；
仅只能够在容器自身上实现对关键部件“接头”的检查；
带有直接焊接到容器壁上的接头的结构为一种特别的改型，它不允许使用用于可螺纹连接的接头的内部容器；这例如对于后来的修理是不利的。
由专利出版物DE-A 34 42 700知道的、带有通过焊接实现的排放接头的连接的结构具有下述缺点：
内部容器的制作特别适用于滑动类型接头的结构类型；
随着即在吹制过程之后但是在焊接排放接头之前将排放开口结合到内部容器中；
没有任何附加帮助地吹制出内部容器的将用来焊接排放接头的区域，即，由吹制过程形成很薄的壁厚，这些薄的壁厚典型地有起伏，没有足够的可重复生产的能力，且稳定性(弯曲强度)较低；
内部容器的结构为一种特殊的改型，它不能用于可螺纹旋接的接头。
专利出版物DE-A 0 704 385(属于Prot)公布了一种货架容器，在该容器中，带有螺纹的管道作为预先加工出的注制模具部件放入吹制模具中，并且被焊接到内部塑料容器上，其中随后借助于一个连接螺母用螺纹旋接上排放接头。
发明内容
本发明的一个目的是提供一种带有内部塑料(或塑性材料)容器的货架容器，其中内部容器包括吹制成的经过校准的管状管道，其中该内部塑料容器使得可以成本有效地制作出用于排放接头的连接件，并且当为了排出货物对排放接头进行处理时该内部容器有特别高的承受负载的能力。
本发明的特征在于，借助于焊接或粘接将接头固定地连接到内部容器的管道上。当采用焊接连接时，可以应用多种过程，比如热板焊接，激光焊接，摩擦焊接，超声焊接，或者振动焊接。在优选实施例中采用热板焊接，因为这种方法非常经济，同时很容易接近焊接点。然而，也可以简单并且廉价的方式借助于一种特殊的塑料粘接剂实现粘接。与采用连接螺母用螺纹把排放接头连接件旋接到出口管道上相反，固定连接有下述优点：
更高的安全性：螺纹连接，特别是必须使用的环形密封件总有泄漏的潜在危险性。至今采用的密封件或者密封能力差(弹回的能力较小，冷的流动，高硬度)、或者没有通用的耐化学能力(老化，变脆)；
与塑料部件(在这里，在任何情况下的出口管道)的螺纹连接会由于冷的物流而降低拧紧的力矩，并且因此可能会泄漏；
较低的成本：当借助于粘接或焊接实现固定的连接时，不再需要连接螺母和环形密封件(节省成本)；
优选地在完成并且预先检查的条件下将排放接头与内部容器连接起来。
在这里，可以有利地使用所有类型的排放接头结构，比如瓣阀，滑动阀，球阀等等。
在进行吹制过程之后，在已经冷却的内部塑料容器上、在一个单独的加工工序中、在可重复生产的可控的连接条件下，比如最佳的连接时间，连接温度，连接压力等条件下，实现接头和内部容器的焊接(或粘接)过程中的连接。
与简单地吹制到吹制出的部件上的螺纹(螺纹的形成不严格，重复生产能力差)相反，经过校准的带螺纹的管道有很好的重复生产能力，有精确地形成的外螺纹(就像在注制过程中一样)，这是因为把带螺纹的管道保持在吹制销柱的内侧面上，并且由两部分的吹制模具的模具分配平面中的一个分开的带螺纹的校准件或者一个相应的模具滑动件在外侧面上保持该带有螺纹的管道。
内部容器和接头的部件有下述特点：
带有通过校准装接上的出口管道的内部容器不需要为了形成排放开口对内部容器进行另外的精加工；这道工序在进行吹制过程本身的过程中已实现。
在出口管道上可以实现确定的壁厚(由模具插入件或者吹制销针分别确定外部形状和内部形状)。
在出口管道的区域，可以获得内部容器的可重复限制的逐渐增加的壁厚，同时获得在强度上的效益和在材料上对于后来的焊接的效益。可以基本上自由地构形出用来进行焊接的直接接触表面，并且可以使该直接接触表面对于焊接达到最佳。
在进行焊接(或粘接)操作的过程中，经过校准的带有螺纹的管道保持在夹钳形状的固定装置中，该固定装置具有两个带有内部螺纹的半壳体，用来严格地接合在出口管道的外螺纹中，从而在焊接过程中可以施加很高的接触压力。
按照一个优选实施例，用来进行焊接的吹制出的出口管道(带有外螺纹)的接触表面设有向里面逐渐缩小的斜面，从而可以实现塑料材料的更好的熔化。
按照另一个优选实施例，用来进行焊接的吹制出的出口管道(例如有带凸缘的边缘)的接触表面有平的设计。最好，把经过校准的管道的外部形状构形成能够建立安全的机械抵抗力，为的是对于某些焊接过程(例如热板焊接)施加要求的机械连接压力。焊接的连接消除了环形密封件和连接螺母；这样的连接会造成泄漏的误差源要少得多，这是因为典型地采用的环形密封件经常老化，或者受到有腐蚀性的物质的影响(例如，膨胀，变脆)。
按照另一个优选实施例，经过校准的出口管道的接触表面设有螺纹(通用管道！)。
在焊接操作的过程中，一个用来固定出口管道的工具与它的外螺纹接合，从而当对排放接头的管状连接件进行焊接时可以施加很高的连接压力。
因此，这样构形的这些内部容器可以用于用螺纹旋接上的排放接头或者焊接上的排放接头。从而形成下述的优点：在修理的过程中，通过简单地在机械上将固定地互连的出口阀门和内部容器部件彼此分离可以将焊接上的排放接头移去，并且很容易地用带有密封件和连接螺母的以螺纹旋接的接头替换它，用来进一步地使用，像当前在典型的货架容器中所实施的那样。
最好按照本发明的塑料制成的排放接头构形成带有延长的入口管道，它的直径(外径，例如为62.5毫米)尽可能地接近出口管道的内径(大约为63.5毫米)，从而可以实现严格配装，并且可以实现没有问题的连接，在焊接表面上实现最佳的材料熔合。出口管道的长度大约为20到50毫米，最好大约为35毫米。
在当进行检验(特别是落下检验)时和应用(在排放接头上安装软管接头或者其它的连接件)时经受机械负载的期间，延长的入口管道(大约20到40毫米，最好大约30毫米)将经受所遇到的作用力，从而不会影响焊接的连接(有高的弯曲强度)。排放接头的构形设计成在焊接的区域(入口管道和焊接凸缘)最好使带有相应的连接螺母和密封件的相同接头结构可以与可螺纹旋接的接头一样地使用。
把带有焊接凸缘的排放接头的圆形连接件焊接到经过校准装到内部塑料容器上的出口管道的端表面上。最好使出口管道的这个端表面由外侧面向内倾斜，从而在焊接过程中斜面的倾斜顶端在开始时熔化，从而补偿在进行吹制的过程中造成的出口管道的公差。把带有凸缘边缘或出口螺纹的经过校准的管道的外部形状的构形做成可以建立安全的机械抵抗力，为了对于焊接操作施加必要的机械连接压力。
附图说明
现在将参考附图更详细地解释和描述本发明的示例性实施例，其中：
图1是按照本发明的货架容器；
图2是排放接头的纵向剖面图；
图3是排放接头的前视图；
图4是按照图3的排放接头的纵向剖面A-A；
图5a是在焊接前的排放接头的侧视图；
图5b是在焊接后的排放接头的侧视图；以及
图6是排放接头的透视图。
具体实施方式
附图标记10在图1中表示一个货架容器(或托盘容器)，它有热塑性材料制成的薄壁内部容器12，一个作为支承外套的紧靠地包围着该内部塑料容器12的管状的格栅框架14，以及一个底部货架(或托盘)16，内部塑料容器12置放在该底部货架上，并且，该管状的格栅框架14与该底部货架牢固地固定在一起。为了抽出液体货物的塑料容器12在下侧面上大约在靠近它的底部的侧壁的中段包括一个吹制成的经过校准的管状管道18，该管状管道带有外螺纹20，为的是可以安装一个可关闭的排放接头22。然而，管道18也可以设有带凸缘的边缘，借助于一个张紧的夹子将该排放接头固定到该边缘上，其中可以将排放接头设计成瓣阀，滑动阀，或者球阀。
在图2表示的按照本发明的排放接头22基本上由塑料制成，并且按照一个示例性实施例装备有一个可由一个旋转手柄30致动的瓣阀关闭件，并且一个螺旋帽盖32在外侧面将该接头封闭起来。借助一个入口管道26将排放接头22的壳体24设置在容器侧面上，该入口管道以精确的配合方式插入管道18中，直到它的凸缘环28处为止。在该图的下半部，带有外螺纹20的管道18相对于凸缘环28稍微在后面(焊接前的状态)，而图的上半部示出压靠在排放接头22的壳体24的凸缘边缘28上，并且与它牢固地焊接在一起(焊接后的状态)的管道18。
为了更容易地接近焊接点以及获得焊接点的最佳形状，对于焊接操作最好采用成本有效的热板焊接过程。以一种完全和预先检查的状态把排放接头焊接到该出口管道上。由吹制模具中抽出的内部容器不需要为了焊接操作对管道进行任何精细处理。
薄壁的内部塑料容器典型地有大约3毫米的平均壁厚，而当采用一个有大约63毫米内径的构形时，用于排放接头的经过校准的管道的壁厚大约为5毫米。按照本发明的构形的结构优点如下：经过校准的管道带有为了进行焊接的适当的材料厚度和连接外形轮廓；带有用来通过螺纹或者焊接分别安装上希望的排放接头的外螺纹的标准的管道；在接头上带有对于旋转阀门的频繁操作过程中的弯曲应力有很高的负载承受能力的长的入口和释放管道。
对于粘性的货物，可以提供大约80毫米甚至120毫米到150毫米的更大的标称宽度或者更大直径的管道和排放接头。在这里证明：直径越大，与传统的螺纹连接相比管道和排放接头的固定连接(焊接或结合)越好、并且越安全。
图3为排放接头22的前视图，特别地示出了前螺纹帽盖22和旋转手柄22。图4示出了沿着这个排放接头22的线A-A的纵向剖面图。把支承装置38预先制作成一个分开的注制部件，并且它包括环形的外边缘和星形或十字形的内部件，在容器侧把此支承装置牢固地插入排放接头22的入口管道26中。设置这个十字形的支承装置(带有纤维增强的注制塑料部件)是为了防止管道18变成椭圆形，当内部塑料容器在这个区域不均匀地冷却时，由于翘曲或者收缩的原因潜在地可能出现这样的椭圆形。
图5a再一次示出了在插入之前和在焊接之前带有外螺纹20的容器管道18和排放接头22，而图5b示出了焊接后的状态。由此将入口管道26推入到管道18中，直到凸缘环28处为止，并且将管道的端表面固定地焊接到凸缘环28上。对焊缝进行精细加工是不必要的。
图6再一次以透视图示出了十字形的支承装置38，该支承装置布置在入口管道28中，并且该支承装置在横向上伸展到直径，且在此将该支承装置的构形做成一件，并且集成在排放接头22的壳体24中。
按照一个特别的改型，为了在有爆炸可能性的区域中使用或者为了与可燃烧的货物一起使用设置该货架容器；在这种情况下，内部容器构形成为在外表面上是防静电的或者将电流分流，且排放接头的壳体也由导电的塑料制成，并且设有一个接头34，用来螺纹接附到接地电缆(与图2比较)。
本发明的特殊优点也在于，带有经过校准的管道18和外螺纹20的“标准”内部塑料容器用来把排放接头焊接到其上；在吹制模具或者吹制成的部件(内部容器)上不需要有任何改变。因此，可以很容易地满足用户的要求，不管是否希望货架容器带有典型的排放接头，可借助于一个连接螺母用螺纹连接该接头或者把它固定地焊接上。并且，带有固定焊接的排放接头的货架容器可以再一次地使用。修理仅需要简单地将焊接的排放接头分开，对管道进行内部研磨，并且可以用螺纹连接或者焊接上一个新的接头。
带有焊接上的排放接头的货架容器可以用于几乎任何腐蚀性的货物，这是因为不需要考虑密封件的适应性，这样的密封件不再是必须的。
附图标记目录
10  货架容器
12  内部容器
14  管状的格栅框架
16  底部货架
18  管道(12)
20  外螺纹(18)
22  排放接头
24  壳体(22)
26  入口管道(24)
28  凸缘环(26)
30  旋转手柄(22)
32  螺纹帽盖(22)
34  电缆连接
36  安全螺丝
38  稳定十字件

Claims (14)

1.一种用于储存和运输自由流动货物的货架容器(10)，它包括热塑性材料制成的薄壁内部塑料容器(12)，形式为支承外套的紧靠地包围所述内部塑料容器(12)的管状的格栅框架(14)，以及底部货架(16)，所述内部塑料容器(12)置放在所述底部货架上，并且，所述管状的格栅框架(14)与所述底部货架牢固地固定在一起，其中，为了抽出自由流动货物，内部塑料容器(12)在下侧面上大约在靠近它的底部的侧壁的中段包括吹制成的经过校准的管状管道(18)，可关闭的排放接头(22)能够紧固在该管状管道(18)上，
其特征在于，所述排放接头(22)用它的管状的壳体(24)焊接或者粘接到所述内部塑料容器(12)的所述管状管道(18)上；
所述内部塑料容器(12)的所述经过校准的管道(18)设有外螺纹(20)；
所述排放接头(22)的所述壳体(24)设计成为在所述内部塑料容器(12)的侧面上带有沿圆周的凸缘环(28)的延长的管状入口管道(26)，其中将所述入口管道(26)插入所述内部塑料容器(12)的所述吹制的管道(18)中，并且所述凸缘环(28)被焊接到所述管道(18)的端表面上。
2.按照权利要求1所述的货架容器，其特征在于，
借助于下面提到的过程：热板焊接，激光焊接，摩擦焊接，超声焊接，或者振动焊接，把所述排放接头(22)焊接到所述内部塑料容器(12)的所述吹制出的管道(18)上。
3.按照权利要求1或2所述的货架容器，其特征在于，
所述内部塑料容器(12)的所述经过校准的管道(18)具有为20毫米到50毫米的长度。
4.按照权利要求3所述的货架容器，其特征在于，
所述内部塑料容器(12)的所述经过校准的管道(18)具有35毫米的长度。
5.按照权利要求1或2所述的货架容器，其特征在于，
所述排放接头(22)的所述入口管道(26)直到所述凸缘环(28)为止的长度为20毫米到40毫米。
6.按照权利要求5所述的货架容器，其特征在于，
所述排放接头(22)的所述入口管道(26)直到所述凸缘环(28)为止的长度为30毫米。
7.按照权利要求1或2所述的货架容器，其特征在于，
所述内部塑料容器(12)的所述经过校准的管道(18)在它的端表面有斜面，为的是进行更好的焊接。
8.按照权利要求1或2所述的货架容器，其特征在于，
所述排放接头(22)的所述入口管道(26)具有集成的支承装置(38)，该支承装置(38)横向地伸展到直径，并且布置在所述入口管道(26)中。
9.按照权利要求8所述的货架容器，其特征在于，
所述支承装置(38)预先制作成分开的注制部件，并且所述支承装置有环形的外边缘，所述外边缘牢固地容纳在所述排放接头(22)的所述入口管道(26)中。
10.按照权利要求1或2所述的货架容器，其特征在于，
所述排放接头(22)的所述壳体(24)由导电的塑料制成，并且设有一个连接件(34)，用来通过螺纹连接接地电缆。
11.按照权利要求1或2所述的货架容器，其特征在于，所述自由流动货物为液体。
12.一种制造用于储存和运输自由流动货物的货架容器(10)的方法，所述容器包括热塑性材料制成的薄壁内部塑料容器(12)，形式为支承外套的紧靠地包围所述内部塑料容器(12)的管状的格栅框架(14)，以及底部货架(16)，所述内部塑料容器(12)置放在所述底部货架上，并且，所述管状的格栅框架(14)与所述底部货架牢固地固定在一起，其中，为了抽出自由流动货物，内部塑料容器(12)在下侧面上大约在靠近它的底部的侧壁的中段包括吹制成的经过校准的管状管道(18)，所述管状管道(18)具有外螺纹(20)，可关闭的排放接头(22)能够紧固在该管状管道(18)上，
其特征在于，
用装接到所述经过校准的管状管道(18)上的形状对应的保持装置保持住所述内部塑料容器，并将所述排放接头(22)的壳体(24)构形成延长的管状入口管道(26)，使所述入口管道带有沿圆周的凸缘环(28)，为的是将所述排放接头插入所述管道(18)中，直到所述凸缘环(28)处为止，并且，通过将相应的连接压力施加在两个部件上，把所述管道(18)的端表面焊接到所述凸缘环(28)上。
13.按照权利要求12所述的方法，其特征在于，
以一种完全和经过预先检查的状态把所述排放接头(22)连接到所述内部塑料容器上。
14.按照权利要求12或13所述的方法，其特征在于，所述自由流动货物为液体。
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