CN1917369A - IGBT drive, and process method for driving signal - Google Patents
IGBT drive, and process method for driving signal Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention comprises a shaping circuit, a CPLD logic controller, a pulse modulation amplification circuit, an isolating transformer, a pulse demodulation circuit and an output amplification circuit. The inputted signals are translated into the square wave through the shaping circuit, and then are inputted into the CPLD logic controller to make logic process; after outputting, the signals pass through the modulation amplification circuit to generate the sharp pulse signals that are coupled to the sublevel through the isolating transformer and reduced to PWM signals through the demodulation circuit; finally, driving the IGBT through the output amplification circuit.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) driver, particularly a kind of with the IGBT driver of programmable logic device (CPLD) as treatment circuit.The invention still further relates to the processing method of drive signal in the above-mentioned driver in addition.
Background technology
Because insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) has higher current capacity and voltage tolerance, characteristics such as conduction loss is less, and static drive power is little, in, have a wide range of applications in the high-power converter.The function of IGBT drive circuit is exactly that the switching signal that will come from microcontroller converts the drive pulse signal with enough power to, guarantees that IGBT turn-offs reliably with open-minded.Simultaneously, the IGBT drive circuit is also isolated for the voltage between microcontroller and the power transistor provides secured electrical.Obtain when making IGBT overcurrent or short trouble occur correct and effectively protection, defencive function also is integrated in the drive circuit.Therefore, the performance of IGBT driver is directly connected to the reliability of whole inversion system.Concrete performance requirement is mainly reflected in following several respects: because the input of IGBT grid has capacitance characteristic, have switching speed faster in order to make IGBT, driver must be able to provide instantaneous big drive current, thereby reduces switching loss; Requirement provides perfect overload and short-circuit protection function for IGBT; Because driver is between control circuit and high-voltage power circuit, also require driver that higher insulation voltage tolerance and higher common-mode rejection ratio are provided.
At present, many at the drive circuit of IGBT, the drive products of various maturations is quite a few on the market, summarizes to get up them and mainly can be divided into following a few class:
First class is exactly to adopt the driver of high speed photo coupling; the common feature of this quasi-driver circuit is to adopt at a high speed; optocoupler high cmrr, high-isolating is realized signal transmission and primary and secondary isolation, amplifies and protective circuit driving IGBT by adding secondary.Sort circuit needs external insulating power supply, and circuit is realized more complicated.The circuit structure block diagram as shown in Figure 1, common product has: TLP250, EXB841, M57959 and HCPL-316J etc.
Second largest class realizes isolating with pulse transformer, uses pulse transformer that the electrical isolation of voltage levels not only can be provided, and it can also bear very high common mode interference signal dv/dt (50kv/us) between former limit and secondary.What the drive circuit that constitutes with optocoupler was different is, the signal transformer good reliability, and can carry out the bi-directional of signal.But, adopt pulse transformer to transmit the problem that signal exists cost and physical size to increase.Basic pulse transformer drive circuit as shown in Figure 2, signal directly drives IGBT after transformer isolation.Because magnetic flux must be realized resetting at each turn-on cycle by the weber area of balance in the magnetic core of transformer, when the duty ratio of pwm pulse greater than 50% the time, may cause the secondary drive pulse amplitude too low and can't driven IGBT.On this basis, another circuit form is the transformer isolation driving method that obtains Chinese patent (95101392.0), and this scheme utilizes transformer to come transmitted power and pulse signal, and dispense with outer connecting power is simplified circuit design.But need be at elementary adding amplifying circuit, the transformer size is bigger, does not have extensive applicability.
The mode that the third-largest class is modulated with high-frequency impulse, with the high-frequency pulse signal that is higher than tens times of pwm signals as carrier wave, with to deliver to pulse transformer after the control signal modulation elementary, after transformer coupled, carry out demodulation at transformer secondary output, go back original control signal driving power switching tube.Here, carrier signal is finished the dual-use function that transmits energy and signal, the secondary external power supply that do not need.Typical case's application is that the UC3724/3725 integrated circuit of TI company is right, finishes the function of modulation and demodulation respectively.The cost of this kind method is than higher, and the circuit relative complex is used not general.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide that a kind of circuit is succinct more, encapsulation is littler, the IGBT driver of dependable performance; Another object of the present invention provides the processing method of drive signal in the above-mentioned IGBT driver.
In order to realize above-mentioned purpose, a kind of IGBT driver provided by the invention comprise be used for input signal be transformed into square wave waveform shaping circuit, be used for signal is finished CPLD logic controller, the pulse modulation amplifying circuit that is used to convert to the spike signal that complex logic handles, is used for signal is coupled to secondary isolating transformer, is used to be reduced into the pulse demodulation circuit and the output amplifier of pwm pulse signal; The pwm signal of input is at first through waveform shaping circuit, become the precipitous square wave in edge, square-wave signal input CPLD logic controller, finish signal is realized logical process, the pulse control signal of output enters modulation amplifying circuit, generation spike signal is coupled to secondary through isolating transformer, be reduced into pwm pulse signal by demodulator circuit again, drives IGBT by output amplifier then.
CPLD logic controller of the present invention comprises:
Two-way interlocking control module is used to prevent that the input of two-way pwm signal from being high level simultaneously;
The Dead Time control module, not conducting simultaneously of IGBT in order to ensure the control of two-way pwm signal, usually also between the two-way pwm pulse signal, set certain Dead Time, be that two pulse signals all is a low level in Dead Time, guarantee that the situation of shoot through can not take place to cause because switching time is too approaching two IGBT of its control;
Two burst pulses suppress module, are used for suppressing the following narrow pulse signal of signal 500ns of two-way interlocking control module output;
Fault processing module is used to latch and export secondary overload that passes over or short-circuit signal;
The DC/DC control module is used to produce the two-way high-frequency controling signal;
Two-way pwm pulse signal input CPLD logical circuit after shaping circuit is handled, at first pass through two-way interlocking control module, finish and prevent that the two-way pwm pulse from occurring is the situation generation of high level simultaneously, if two-way is the situation of high level simultaneously, this control module makes the two-way pwm pulse be output as low level simultaneously; Simultaneously, the Dead Time control module has four kinds of Dead Times available according to the Dead Time of the level control two-way pwm signal of external control terminal; The two-way pwm signal of output is imported two burst pulses respectively and is suppressed module, is used to remove the burst pulse that may exist, and prevents that the situation of conducting in short-term from appearring in IGBT because of burst pulse; Export the two-way pwm signal at last and enter two modulation amplifying circuits respectively.The function of fault processing module is overcurrent or the short trouble signal that receives from IGBT, blocks the output of two-way pwm signal, simultaneously to higher level's control circuit output fault-signal.The DC/DC control module is finished and is produced the two-way high-frequency controling signal, controls the DC/DC converter that this driver carries.
The present invention also comprises the DC/DC converter that is used to post-stage drive circuit that insulating power supply is provided, and the control waveform of DC/DC converter is produced by the DC/DC control module of CPLD logic controller.Isolated form DC/DC switch converters by carrying can save the external isolation driving power, simplifies circuit design, effectively saves user PCB area.
The processing method of drive signal in the above-mentioned IGBT driver, can realize by following steps:
1), make the pwm signal that produces by peripheral control unit through shaping circuit, it is become the precipitous square wave in edge, and eliminates the noise that is superimposed on the high and low level, selecting different voltages simultaneously is the shaping circuit power supply, guarantees compatible different pulse amplitudes;
2), the pwm signal of described output is by the CPLD logic controller, implement the two-way interlocking, guarantee that the two-way pwm signal can not be a high level simultaneously, and Dead Time control is set, and make by outside terminal and select different Dead Times, suppress burst pulse simultaneously, narrow pulse signal below the 500ns is suppressed, by DC/DC control signal module, make generation two-way complementary signal control outside DC/DC converter, also make the two-way signal that when fault, enforces a blockade;
3), behind the described CPLD logic controller output pulse control signal,, make the rising edge of pulse and trailing edge be transformed into narrow pulse signal through modulation amplifying circuit;
4), by isolating transformer, make the pulse signal coupling, be transferred to secondary demodulator circuit then, it is reduced into pwm pulse signal;
5), described pwm pulse signal, at last by output amplifier to IGBT, realize driving IGBT.
What the present invention adopted is the input signal treatment circuit of core with CPLD, can overcome by the separation logic device and constitute too complicated problems of treatment circuit, greatly simplified the control circuit of driver, improved the reliability of system, further dwindle the PCB area of driver, make that circuit is succinct more, encapsulation is littler.And CPLD can conveniently expand new function, is easy to the on-line system upgrading, possesses system suitability the most widely, realizes more friendly user interface.The isolated form DC/DC switch converters that carries in addition can save the external isolation driving power, simplifies circuit design more, effectively saves user PCB area.Simultaneously, be provided with overcurrent monitoring, under-voltage protection, over current fault soft breaking circuit, further improve the reliability of system.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a primary structure block diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the concrete structure figure of the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 3 is a CPLD inner function module structure chart of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is interlocking of the present invention and dead band sequential chart.
Fig. 5 is driving output stage of the present invention and soft breaking circuit.
Embodiment
Show as Fig. 1, a kind of IGBT driver provided by the invention comprises the waveform shaping circuit that is used for input signal is transformed into square wave, be used for signal is finished the CPLD logic controller that complex logic is handled, be used to convert to the pulse modulation amplifying circuit of spike signal, be used for signal is coupled to secondary isolating transformer, be used to be reduced into the pulse demodulation circuit and the output amplifier of pwm pulse signal; The pwm signal of input is at first through waveform shaping circuit, become the precipitous square wave in edge, square-wave signal input CPLD logic controller, finish signal is realized logical process, the pulse control signal of output enters modulation amplifying circuit, generation spike signal is coupled to secondary through isolating transformer, be reduced into pwm pulse signal by demodulator circuit again, drives IGBT by output amplifier then.
As shown in Figure 2; concrete structure figure for the embodiment of the invention; it comprises: input waveform shaping circuit 1; the logic device 4 that clock generating 2, power monitoring and reset circuit 3, CPLD constitute; pulse amplification and modulation circuit 5; fault output circuit 6, isolated form DC/DC converter 7, non-isolation DC/DC power supply 8, pulse transformer 9; pulse demodulation circuit 10, soft breaking circuit 14, fault feedback circuit 15 when output amplifier 11, over current fault observation circuit 12, line under-voltage protection 13, over current fault.
The pwm signal that is produced by peripheral control unit at first passes through the shaping circuit 1 that is made of Schmidt trigger, and it is become the precipitous square wave in edge, eliminates the noise that is superimposed on the high and low level simultaneously.According to the difference of the amplitude of input pulse signal, selecting different voltage is the Schmidt trigger power supply, guarantees compatible different pulse amplitudes.
The main functional structure of the logic device that CPLD constitutes comprises two-way interlocking control module 16, Dead Time control module 17, burst pulse and suppresses module 18, fault processing module 19,20 5 parts of DC/DC control signal generating module as shown in Figure 3.Wherein, two-way interlocking control module 16 is in order to prevent to make when the two-way pwm control signal two IGBT conducting simultaneously of half-bridge, to cause the IGBT short circuit to damage phenomenon and take place.Also can be according to actual conditions by outside control terminal MODE earth shield interlock function.Dead Time control module 17 parts can be provided with Dead Time according to user's needs, have four kinds of regular times to select 1 μ s, 2 μ s, 3 μ s and 4 μ s.Connect different level by outside two terminal T1 with T2 and make up to determine Dead Time.It is in order to prevent that very short interference signal of burst length from causing the frequent or short time conducting of IGBT that burst pulse suppresses module 18 functions, thereby reduces switching loss, improves reliability.Can eliminate burst pulse below the 500ns by the method for digital filtering, save external analog filtering network, be user-friendly to.Pass to CPLD by secondary detected overcurrent or short-circuit signal by pulse transformer, there is fault processing module 19 in portion within it, when fault takes place, blocks all drive control signal outputs at once, outwards the output fault-signal is given controller simultaneously, and takes place by the LED indication fault.The two-way complementary signal that DC/DC control signal generating module 20 produces 250KHz removes to control outside DC/DC translation circuit, this DC/DC converter constitutes push-pull converter by the integrated drive IC of driven MOS FET, two N-channel MOS FET and high frequency transformer, for post-stage drive circuit provides insulating power supply.
As shown in Figure 4, be interlocking and The dead time sequential chart, two-way input pwm signal INA and INB are OUTA and OUTB through input interlocking control module, burst pulse inhibition module and the later output waveform of Dead Time control module, dead band time setting is 4us, as INA and INB when being high simultaneously, output is low simultaneously, thereby reaches the function that prevents that IGBT is straight-through.900ns comprises that burst pulse inhibit feature and signal transmit the time that is consumed signal delay time.
The needed clock reference signal of CPLD is provided by the active clock 2 of outside, for reliable reset after guaranteeing the stable and fault of power supply has designed Power Supply Monitoring and reset circuit 3, when voltage supplied will produce reset signal during less than 3.08V, the active homing state retention time is not less than 140ms after resetting at every turn, and have the external reset function, can come reset driver by the controller output low level.The two-way pwm signal is low simultaneously when inner detection failure is eliminated simultaneously, through producing reset signal behind the 10 μ s.
In order to reduce the quiescent dissipation of driver, the input power supply for the power supply of CPLD system, adopts integrated control IC R1224N by the stable direct current of non-isolated buck-type DC/DC power supply 8 output 3.3V, and it is simple to have a circuit structure, characteristics such as efficient height.
The pwm signal of CPLD output is through amplifying stage 5, and the rising edge and the trailing edge of pulse is transformed into burst pulse, connects secondary reduction circuit 10 then after transformer 9 couplings, and the pwm signal after the reduction drives IGBT through amplifying stage 11 outputs.Amplifying stage 11 circuit are opened the loop with the IGBT grid and separately can different impedance loops conveniently be set according to turning on and off requirement with turn-off circuit as shown in Figure 8.
Over current fault observation circuit 12 is to link to each other with the collector electrode of IGBT by a diode; also conducting of diode when the IGBT conducting; when IGBT overcurrent or short circuit; the voltage of Vce will raise; corresponding diode anode voltage also raises; internal drive detects diode anode voltage and compares with the voltage reference that an external resistance-capacitance network constitutes, and produces guard signal shutoff IGBT surpass the benchmark of design when collector voltage after.Produced simultaneously fault-signal to elementary, blocks pwm pulse signal by CPLD control through transformer coupled.Too high and make the protective circuit misoperation in order to prevent that IGBT from opening the initial stage collector voltage, designed the blind area time of 5 μ s especially, current foldback circuit is idle in the time in the blind area.
Line under-voltage protection 13 is to cause that owing to driving voltage is low excessively the IGBT turn-on consumption increases in order to prevent.Protective circuit action when driver output forward voltage is lower than 10V, fault-signal passes to CPLD through transformer, blocks the PWM drive signal.
Soft breaking circuit 14 is made up of triode T1, resistance R 1, capacitor C 1 and diode D1 during over current fault; physical circuit as shown in Figure 5; when overcurrent occurring; the T1 conducting; capacitor C 1 is through resistance R 1 discharge; thereby diode D1 conducting makes in the amplifying circuit transistor base current potential slowly descend makes the grid voltage of IGBT slowly descend, the soft shutoff when realizing overcurrent protection.
Though above technical characterictic of the present invention and embodiment are described in detail; but protection scope of the present invention obviously is not limited to embodiment described above, and comprises the various conspicuous alternative that those skilled in the art may make above design.
Claims (9)
1, a kind of IGBT driver is characterized in that: comprise
Be used for input signal is transformed into the waveform shaping circuit of square wave;
Be used for CPLD logic controller to the processing of signal completion logic;
Be used to convert to the pulse modulation amplifying circuit of spike signal;
Be used for signal is coupled to secondary isolating transformer;
Be used to be reduced into the pulse demodulation circuit of pwm pulse signal;
Be used to amplify the output amplifier of pwm pulse signal;
The pwm signal of input is at first through waveform shaping circuit, become the precipitous square wave in edge, square-wave signal input CPLD logic controller, finish signal is realized logical process, the pulse signal of output enters modulation amplifying circuit, generation spike signal is coupled to secondary through isolating transformer, be reduced into pwm pulse signal by demodulator circuit again, drives IGBT by output amplifier then.
2, IGBT driver according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described CPLD logic controller comprises
Two-way interlocking control module is used for preventing that the two-way pwm signal from waveform shaping circuit is imported from being high level simultaneously;
The Dead Time control module is used between the two-way pwm pulse signal setting certain Dead Time, two IGBT that guarantee its control can not take place because switching time too near and cause shoot through;
Two burst pulses suppress module, are used for suppressing the following narrow pulse signal of signal 500ns of two-way interlocking control module output;
Fault processing module is used to latch and export secondary overload that passes over or short-circuit signal;
The DC/DC control module is used to produce the two-way high-frequency controling signal;
Two-way pwm pulse signal after shaping circuit is handled at first passes through two-way interlocking control module, finish and prevent that the two-way pwm pulse from occurring is the situation generation of high level simultaneously, if two-way is the situation of high level simultaneously, this control module makes the two-way pwm pulse be output as low level simultaneously; Simultaneously, the Dead Time control module is according to the Dead Time of the level control two-way pwm signal of external control terminal; The two-way pwm signal of output is imported two burst pulses respectively and is suppressed module, is used to remove the burst pulse that may exist, and prevents that the situation of conducting in short-term from appearring in IGBT because of burst pulse; Fault processing module receives from the overcurrent of IGBT or short trouble signal, blocks the output of two-way pwm signal, simultaneously to higher level's control circuit output fault-signal; The DC/DC control module is finished and is produced the two-way high-frequency controling signal, controls the DC/DC converter that this driver carries.
3, IGBT driver according to claim 1 is characterized in that: also comprise the DC/DC converter that is used to post-stage drive circuit that insulating power supply is provided, the control waveform of DC/DC converter is produced by the DC/DC control module of CPLD logic controller.
4, IGBT driver according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: also comprise the over current fault observation circuit of monitoring IGBT overcurrent or short circuit, the fault processing module of the fault feedback signal of this circuit output in isolating transformer input CPLD logic controller.
5, IGBT driver according to claim 1; it is characterized in that: also comprise being used to prevent the fault processing module of the under-voltage protection feedback signal of this circuit output in isolating transformer input CPLD logic controller because driving voltage hangs down the line under-voltage protective circuit that causes that the IGBT turn-on consumption increases excessively.
6, IGBT driver according to claim 1 is characterized in that: soft breaking circuit when also comprising the over current fault of the soft shutoff when being used to realize overcurrent protection.
7, the processing method of drive signal in a kind of driver is characterized in that:
(1) pwm signal to the outside input carries out waveform shaping, becomes the precipitous square wave in edge, eliminates the noise that is superimposed on the high and low level simultaneously;
(2) pwm signal input CPLD logic controller after the above-mentioned shaping is handled, is implemented the two-way interlocking, guarantee that the two-way pwm signal can be not a high level simultaneously, and Dead Time control is set, curb the following narrow pulse signal of 500ns in the signal simultaneously,
(3) above-mentioned CPLD logic controller is handled the pulse control signal process modulation amplifying circuit of output, makes the rising edge of pulse and trailing edge be transformed into narrow pulse signal;
(4) then by isolating transformer, make the pulse signal coupling, be transferred to secondary demodulator circuit then, it is reduced into pwm pulse signal;
(5) will be reduced into pwm pulse signal at last and output to IGBT by amplifying circuit.
8, the processing method of drive signal in the driver according to claim 7 is characterized in that: make by outside terminal and select different Dead Times, Dead Time has four kinds of regular times to select, and is respectively 1 μ s, 2 μ s, 3 μ s and 4 μ s.
9, the processing method of drive signal in the driver according to claim 7 is characterized in that: when the pwm signal of outside input was carried out waveform shaping, selecting different voltages simultaneously was the shaping circuit power supply, with the different pulse amplitude of compatibility.
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| CNB2006100373661A CN100574102C (en) | 2006-08-30 | 2006-08-30 | The processing method of IGBT driver and drive signal thereof |
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| CN100574102C (en) | 2009-12-23 |
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