CN1907649A - Manufacturing method of grinding and cutting tool for controllable component structure with three-dimensional arrangement abrasive particle - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for producing the grinding cutting tool with three-dimension grinding particles, which comprises: mixing the powder and adhesive into mixture; sheeting the mixture, and planting grinding particles into the thin layer; planting abrasive particles into the thin layer of cutting layer; when the thin layer is solidified, layering several thin layers, pressurizing into large compressed blank; slicing it into small compressed blank to be sintered into grinding cutting tool; or pre-sintering, slicing, and sintering into grinding cutting tool. The invention can use ultra-fine powder, to accumulate the expensive powder around the abrasive particles. The inventive arrangement of abrasive particles can save expensive material.

Description

Controlled constituent structure has the grinding of three-dimensional arrangement abrasive particle and the manufacture method of cutting tool

Technical field

The present invention relates to the grinding of a kind of grinding and cutting tool and manufacture method, particularly a kind of controlled constituent structure and the manufacture method of cutting tool.

Background technology

Grind and application such as cutting tool is widely used in the cutting of material, bores, saws, grinds, polishing in.At present, make to grind and the practice of generally taking of cutting tool be first powder or powder with make pressed compact after abrasive grain (abbreviation abrasive particle) mixes, then pressed compact is sintered into goods.At present employed pressed compact manufacture method is in the industry: the powder of required formula components or powder are put together with abrasive particle to mix, and insert mould, extrusion forming by institute's palpus quality then.Sintering then.But perhaps directly machine simultaneously by heating mould heating pressurization.

In stone material cutting field, in order to reduce costly abrasive material use amount and to utilize the fragility of being cut material, also adopt the layering filling, the method that does not add or add less abrasive material in some layer is made cutting tool.This also is a kind of efficient ways.But this method can't be made thin layer, does not also solve the unevenness problem of powder compact dense structure degree.

The more important thing is that because the difference of dusty material on features such as granularity, proportion, hardness, different powder can't mix under many circumstances.Will cause pressed compact composition instability like this.Especially fine powder and superfines, its agglutinating property is fine, sinters the material of high-performance high-compactness easily into.But the flowability of this powder descends with the increase of its fine and closely woven degree, so that be difficult to use.This class specific surface area is long-pending very big, so easier oxidation and change the sintering feature.Therefore, although this class powder has fabulous performance, a lot of difficulties are still arranged in application facet.

Rely on by the instrument that contains abrasive particle under grinding and a lot of situations of cutting processing.Such as cutting stone material and concrete cast-cutting saw slice.The abrasive particle that is contained in such instrument of present technology manufacturing is to be randomly distributed in the matrix, has not regulation.The method of regulating abrasive material content is the batch mixing ratio that changes abrasive material and matrix powder in process of production.Within the specific limits, when abrasive grain content after a little while, instrument can be sharp keen, the cutting resistance is little.The cutting power consumption also diminishes thereupon.But in this state, instrument can not be durable very much yet, and the life-span is short, and is uneconomical.Otherwise, when abrasive material content for a long time, it is durable that instrument becomes.But can be very blunt during cutting, cutting resistance and power consumption heighten.So it is also uneconomical in this state.

Also can be at more low-density down abrasive material that service rating is high and expensive matrix material.Can improve wearability.The instrument manufacturing cost can be very high like this, and effect is also limited.And,, because the intrinsic physical features of its material itself, can't form the effective interface with matrix such as diamond etc. for some abrasive particle, more be difficult to form the connection of chemical bond.So in instrument the pregnant abrasive grain great majority that contain do not participate in the cutting.But slatterned because of coming off.Artificial diamond tool's diamond utilization rate has only 10%.

The mutual spacing of abrasive grain in matrix determined its live load, and unsuitable spacing can cause the inefficacy of abrasive material.If the abrasive grain interval too small, a part of abrasive grain is exactly unnecessary.Not only inoperative in cutting and grinding process, also can block the cooling duct that row cuts space and cooling fluid.Heterogeneity material and hard brittle material such as the stone material cutting in, the passing away of carg is in demand.Too small spacing also can cause the increase of abrasive consumption, also is the increase of cost.But in traditional technology, powder mixes at random with abrasive grain.The spacing of impossible every abrasive material equates.And since the proportion of abrasive material less than the proportion of powder, can be in process because of factor segregations such as vibrations.Even the ceramic powders that proportion is close also can can't form uniform distribution because of " Brazilian cashew nut " effect.So in traditional handicraft, can not add abrasive material with desirable ratio.Adjacent together the time when two or more abrasive particles, as long as an abrasive particle comes off, adjacent its other abrasive particles can not come off because there being enough supports yet.Therefore traditional handicraft can't be accomplished at the characteristics of being cut material and make abrasive grain that desirable spacing be arranged.

Under reverse situation, the spacing of abrasive grain is excessive, and then the impact that is subjected to of every abrasive grain can make it bear.The bump of cut material can cause abrasive grain to be broken, to peel off.Also can cause chain effect.Instrument can't be cut fully.

Solution is orderly the lining up of abrasive grain, in single layer tools is produced, has used this technology.Locate to abrasive grain with methods such as locating templates.And then be welded on the matrix or be electroplated onto on the cutter.Also can constantly repeat this process, reach certain thickness.This instrument cost height costs an arm and a leg.So be limited use.By hand abrasive grains such as diamond are bonded on the tool base one by one in addition, and then welding or electroplate method such as fixing to obtain the effect that abrasive grain can be lined up.(the matrix indication is the part of embedding, fixed-abrasive particle, mostly is with powder sintered one-tenth under the situation.If abrasive grain directly is fixed on the tool body, also can refer to tool body.)

At the Song Jianmin publication number is CN 1252021A, name is called in the application for a patent for invention file of " milling tool and manufacture method thereof with patterned grit distribution " has described a kind of method of making this class instrument, but, how this method only describes the fixed-abrasive particle emphatically, and other problem relates to seldom.And this method concrete operations difficulty is bigger, and a lot of problems are arranged in force, after the thin slice cutting that will be full of abrasive material, and assembling, sintering respectively again, efficient is very low; The fixed-abrasive granule technology of being introduced also is limited arrangement, and density is low.So inventing described method, it aspect industrialization, also is difficult to extensive enforcement.

The method that use contains abrasive material tools has two kinds of main forms: a kind of is reciprocal cutting, and instrument is cut cut material with respect to material to be cut in reciprocating process.In this mode, cutting tool can be tightened up at two ends, so otch can be very narrow.For than precious materials or large tracts of land cutting, mainly adopt this cutting mode.This also is kind of a very ancient mode.Another kind of mode is the rotation cutting.Instrument is cut cut material in rotation, the cutting-in of the method is subjected to the restriction of tool diameter.But but be the most frequently used cutting mode.The body of the instrument of working by this way requires enough rigidity and intensity.If the increasing tool diameter also have to strengthen instrument thickness simultaneously.Used saw blade is that the joint piece of some (be a kind of of the grinding of indication of the present invention and cutting tool, be commonly called as cutter head) is welded on the saw blade disk edge with certain interval in processing of stone.Between the joint piece groove (being commonly called as the mouth of a river) that flows to for the ease of cooling fluid is arranged.Saw blade drives the joint piece, under the help of cooling fluid, is rotating back and forth feed, and stone material is cut.Saw blade direction of rotation in the reciprocal process of cutting is constant.Waste residue is discharged from washing away under the turning effort with saw blade of cooling fluid.

On microcosmic, the abrasive grain in the joint piece is constantly outstanding on joint piece cutting face, along with abrasive grain matrix on every side constantly is worn away and loses support, breaks away from from the joint piece at last then.Because direction of rotation is constant, after abrasive grain protruded in the joint piece, the matrix after the abrasive particle can and stop that to form a hangover shape outstanding because of the protection of abrasive grain.Be called hangover in the industry.It plays very strong supporting role to abrasive particle behind abrasive particle.This is the distinctive benefit of rotation cutting.

When cutting and grinding, what abrasive grain mainly bore is impulsive force.The support of hangover behind abrasive particle is very important.But abrasive grain still need just can be fixed, control when most of volume be embedded in the matrix.Along with the hangover after the abrasive material is worn away gradually, arrived to a certain degree after, expose such as abrasive material that matrix reaches or near behind 1/3rd diameters, abrasive grain also can come off because of withstanding shocks, be substituted into cut state by the abrasive particle of other positions.The product of traditional technology manufacturing, the abrasive grain in its joint piece is the exposure gradually along with the wearing and tearing of matrix around the particle.And the effect of the grinding of abrasive grain and cutting and ability improve along with its projecting height, it's a pity, when its overhang reached maximum, when just cutting and abrasive action were the strongest, it also was about to come off.

So it is the arrangement of abrasive particle is extremely important to the wearability and the sharpness of grinding and cutting tool, but in the present prior art, does not but propose abrasive particle and how to arrange, the most effective to grinding and cutting tool.

Summary of the invention

In order to solve the problem of above-mentioned existence, an object of the present invention is to provide a kind of grinding of controlled constituent structure and the manufacture method of cutting tool, not the use superfines of difficulty.Another object of the present invention is for grinding that abrasive grain is arranged and cutting tool, allows valuable powders around abrasive grain.Can make product neither reduce performance, can reduce the use amount of valuable powder significantly again, and make around the abrasive grain organize finer and close, for abrasive material provides bigger hold and support force.

The present invention realizes by following scheme: a kind of grinding of controlled constituent structure and the manufacture method of cutting tool comprise the steps:

(1) batch mixing: powder and the mixed compound of making of binding agent;

(2) make thin layer: compound is made thin layer, and the thin layer of incised layer is implanted into abrasive particle;

(3) superimposition: after all thin layer sclerosis, by the designing requirement superimposition, the composition of each thin layer, hardness can have nothing in common with each other by demand with a plurality of thin layers, and big pressure embryo is made in pressurization then;

(4) cut into little pressure embryo, sintering is made and is ground and cutting tool; Also can first sintering, cut again, make and grind and cutting tool.

Also can add abrasive particle in the described step (1) mixes with powder and binding agent.

Binding agent can be hydro carbons, stearic acid, low-molecular-weight polymer etc. described in the described step (1), can also use water-based adhesive.

Described step (2) can use calendering to scrape the method for prolonging: compound is sent on the just proal liner by a controllable opening or two liners between, by with liner have appropriate clearance scrape sword or roller spreads to or rolls into thin layer to the compound on the liner.The denseness height of this kind technological requirement compound is scraped sword and roller has enough plasticity to be as the criterion again neither to adhere to.

Described step (2) can be used print process: with scraper compound is scraped by half tone and inhale on the liner on the plane.To prolong rolling process low than scraping for the denseness of compound, is as the criterion with sticking half tone.

After described step (3) is made thin layer, can embed abrasive particle thereon.

The method that embeds abrasive particle can be:

A. abrasive material is arranged on the plane with an orifice plate;

B. thin layer is inhaled on another flat tool;

C. two plane parallel are pressed near, when distance is very near, abrasive grain will glue into or embed thin layer.

Described orifice plate can be made with metal material.

Method processing such as laser, electrolysis, electric spark (discharge processing), corrosion even machine drilling can be used in hole on the described orifice plate.

Described orifice plate thickness is that 0.5 to 1.5 times of abrasive particle theoretical diameter is thick.

The diameter in the hole of described orifice plate is greater than that but the abrasive material diameter is unlikely inserts two abrasive materials, so diameter is not more than 1.5 times of the theoretical diameter that will arrange abrasive particle.

In rotary cutting tool, being arranged in of abrasive particle fallen on the camber line (fall camber line and be the camber line to the skew of center of circle direction) or approximate falling on the camber line after its hangover.

In the straight cuts instrument, abrasive particle is can straight line evenly distributed, be staggered, or any regular arrangement.

Described step (3) when superimposed, can added other powder or reinforcing material to the powder thin layer between the thin layer or around the abrasive grain again.

As powder being inhaled on an instrument of being made up of magnetic cell, again powder is discharged in the mould that needs or on the thin layer, but or the material adding thin layer that unavailable above-mentioned instrument is held with a reciprocating sieve shape instrument.

The reinforcing material that also can add other, for example metal whisker and ceramic whisker etc.When adding, can be in this step it be inserted and make goods that the tissue orientating of design is arranged in the magnetic field as iron whiskers.

The cutting of the described pressure embryo of described step (4) can adopt machine die with shearing force separately or laser cutting method such as cut.

The also presintering at low temperatures earlier of the described pressure embryo of described step (4) can be sloughed the binding agent of pressing in the embryo in this process.Can also be at the pressed compact after handling presintering once more with active ingredient solution thereafter.

The sintering of the described pressed compact of described step (4) can use graphite jig to pass to big current flow heats, pressurization, sinters into the short time, also can be in sintering furnace pressed compact, and sintering under protection, reducing atmosphere.

The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:

1. with respect to former method, production efficiency is higher.

At present, most of enterprises sinter goods into after still using the powder that manually will mix to insert mould by quality, and efficient is very low, and some enterprise uses the equipment that can make pressed compact automatically one by one.And new method is not a manufacturing pressed compact one by one, but the large tracts of land manufacturing.So its production capacity and conventional art are not par fully.This also is with respect to publication number: the difference of method described in the patent of CN1252021A.

2. with respect to former method, performance is higher.

Abrasive grain is arranged apart from, line-spacing with a fixed point in the present invention, and the dislocation of certain vertical direction is arranged between row and the row, makes abrasive grain be distributed in falling in the camber line after the hangover and (falls the camber line of camber line for being offset to center of circle direction).Can suppose that on large diameter instrument falling camber line is straight line, small diameter tools will make abrasive grain be arranged in falling in the camber line of suitable diameter according to diameter.This arrangement mode not only has above-mentioned effect, has also formed the architectural feature as sawtooth on microcosmic.Hangover under the reinforcing of abrasive grain because more difficult being worn away, so working time that can the significant prolongation abrasive grain.Simultaneously also provide bigger support force to abrasive grain.These benefits are not only arranged, and when the abrasive grain that is supported when trailing came off at last, the abrasive grain of its back had been in reasonable duty, will take over the abrasive particle of front at once.The invalid process that makes the abrasive grain exposure that has saved conventional tool (is commonly called as " putting the first edge on a knife or a pair of scissors " in the industry, using materials such as refractory brick) abrasive grain forgiven in whole grinding and the cutting tool will give play to its mill and cut effect to greatest extent with such order.And when instrument cutting and abrasive hardness height, fragility or heterogeneity material, such as stone material, abrasive grain can generation collapse cracked line around the cutting-up line when the scribing of cut material surface, and these ruined being organized under the little power will be removed.

3. adopt the product of this method manufacturing can not heighten by cost because of the raising of performance.

Can make powder around the abrasive grain is the highest powder of performance and do not worry increasing cost and increase technology difficulty.Also can in this crucial powder thin layer, add other one-tenth easily and assign to improve performance.The thin layer that does not contain abrasive grain can be made by cheap powder.

Because better brought into play the effect of abrasive grain, the consumption of this part material can descend, perhaps improve the performance of material with same cost.The difference of powder is used and has also been saved a large amount of strategic materials.Prefabricated pressed compact is more regular, can be littler to the graphite jig infringement in pressure sintering.Also can reduce production costs.And create conditions for large-scale production more efficiently.Because the raising of production capacity has also reduced cost aspect labor service.

4. precision, quality stability and the designability of sintered article have been strengthened.

Make the goods that sintered article can produce various features such as ultra-thin, compound with this method.In the conventional powder formation theory.Powder is unequal owing to pressure distribution in mould is pressed the chamber, so the density of powder is also unequal.Be difficult to produce the goods of density unanimity.Behind sintering because not the waiting of this density added reasons such as uneven components.Goods can be because reason subscription rates such as distortion or crackings.And adopt the method thoroughly to overthrow this theory in a lot of fields.Some material such as engineering ceramics and magnet material more have the needs of diverse location different component, adopt this method can realize this purpose at an easy rate.Can also bring the influence of the property changed at other field.Once produced the sintered body that 9 millimeters thickness are made of the thin layer of 96 layers of heterogeneity as this method.And the quality of item difference that is sintered into by the pressed compact of cutting can be minimum.

5. process standardization degree height is realized automation easily.Production system is flexible strong, and same production line is adjusted the production that just can change another kind of goods over to a little.

6. it is healthy to help production operator.

Present manufacturing enterprise uses the manually-operated powder, and in this process, the producer is difficult to avoid sucking powder.The powder of some kind is such as cobalt, lead etc., and its toxicity is well-known.Powder always is in bonded state in the method, so can't fly upward, helps the healthy of the producer and has reduced the use amount of expensive powder.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1～Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of the step that combines with abrasive particle of thin layer of the present invention.

Fig. 5 is the arrangement schematic diagram of abrasive particle of the present invention.

Wherein:

The 1-abrasive particle

The 2-orifice plate

3-stone plane

The 4-layer planes

The 5-liner

The 6-thin layer

The specific embodiment

Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments workflow of the present invention is described in more detail.

Performing step of the present invention is: powder and the mixed compound of making suitable consistency of binding agent.Compound is made thin layer.Then that these thin layers are superimposed according to purpose of design, add and be pressed into big pressed compact.With after its presintering, cut into required form and size again, finish final sintering more at last.After perhaps superimposed good big pressed compact being cut into little pressed compact by Special Equipment and mould, be sintered directly into goods.In a lot of goods, be after tool base presses to, to sinter pressed compact into goods more together.What some thin layer play a part is to reduce cost, and needn't comprise abrasive grain.Also can be added into other a small amount of functional component during the thin layer combination by some other method again.

Thin layer is to make by the following method: powder and the mixed compound of making of binding agent.

The method of prolonging is scraped in calendering: allow compound be sent on the just proal liner by a controllable opening or two liners between, by having the scraper of appropriate clearance or roller that the compound on the liner is spread to or roll into thin layer with liner.This technology has been mature technique very in powder metallurgy and engineering ceramics industry, special equipment is arranged, just too much narration here.The method can be prepared thicker powder thin layer.When not needing all abrasive particles are lined up, also can in compound, add abrasive grain, roll the powder thin layer that to contain abrasive grain.Certainly, the abrasive particle in this class thin layer also is a random distribution.Therefore some cut material needn't line up abrasive grain fully owing to cut easily.When tool sectional block contains the weak slightly or abrasive material content less work layer of wearability, when cutting, can form groove on the working face.Groove has a lot of benefits, and it can make instrument be not easy also can make full use of the fragility of cut material at when cutting sideslip, and the tissue that bursts apart around when making the abrasive material cutting-up is taken out of easily.Groove also helps entering of cooling fluid in addition.

Print process: with scraper compound is scraped by half tone and to inhale on the liner on the plane, scraper is the synthetic material that press adopts, and also can be metal.The thickness of thin layer can be regulated by the thickness of half tone.Half tone is made by the material that does not have magnetic.The shape of the opening of half tone and area will form the shape and the area of powder thin layer.Print process can produce the thinnest powder thin layer.Therefore the powder around the abrasive grain is made thin layer with the method and can be reached and save purpose to greatest extent.And when implementing the method, the fineness of powder is inessential, or even thin more good more.This allows the application superfine powder become.

When superimposed, can add other constituent elements to the powder thin layer again around abrasive grain or between the thin layer.Such as, powder is inhaled on a big instrument of being made up of a lot of little magnetic cells, again powder is discharged in the mould that needs or on the thin layer.This operation can repeat to implement.But only at limited several powder.When comprising tool polarity additive such as iron whiskers etc. in the powder, also need in magnetic field, make it to have the design orientation, to reach inner tissue's characteristic of wanting.Also can make the leakage sieve of powder by vibrations add on the abrasive material or on the thin layer.This method can add the powder of any kind, such as ceramic whisker etc.The reinforcing material that also can add other during superimposed thin layer, for example boron fibre and carbon fiber etc.

The powder thin layer is formed on the liner by above method.Combine with abrasive grain then.Above technology can be finished by automation equipment, also can be by artificial realization.When hardening to a certain degree, liner can be peeled off the powder thin layer.Liner is reusable.Liner also can be made by effective constituent element composition, need not peel off, and enters down operation with thin layer, or decomposes, it is vapored away by heating process.

When powder is fine and closely woven to a certain degree the time, it is very poor that flowability becomes.Solution to this problem is to use binding agent the powder granulation, makes it to have flowability.The employed binding agent many types of this technology can directly be used in the method.In a lot of industries, this class binding agent is known by the technical staff.In order further to reduce cost, can also use water-based adhesive.In the pressed compact lamination process, can be according to instructions for use, by the thin layer combination of different powder compositions.So both saved valuable powder, and bigger design space had been arranged for again the technical staff.The specific area of fine powder is big, and agglutinating property is good.In case but the easier formation oxide layer of ingress of air, powder lost efficacy also faster.Above technology can be isolated contacting of powder and air, keeps powder that stable agglutinating property is arranged, and makes product properties stable.Preventing simultaneously that powder from flying upward is inhaled in operator's body.A lot of powder has very strong toxicity.If powder is inhaled into, operator's harm there is cumulative bad in operating process.

As shown in Figure 1, orifice plate 2 is placed on the stone plane 3, and spreading abrasive particle 1 makes and falls into abrasive particle 1 in the hole by vibrations, inclination then on orifice plate 2.By tilting, shaking, perhaps be aided with cleaning the abrasive particle 1 outside the hole is eliminated again.

Orifice plate 2 can be made with metal sheet, sheet material material.Method processing such as laser, electrolysis, electric spark (discharge processing), corrosion even machine drilling can be used in hole on the plate.Aperture process technology and equipment are also a lot, and is very ripe.Orifice plate thickness by 0.5 to 1.5 times of arrangement abrasive material theoretical diameter thick.The diameter in hole is greater than that but the abrasive particle diameter is unlikely inserts two abrasive particles, so diameter is not more than 1.5 times of the theoretical diameter that will arrange abrasive particle 1.The phase mutual edge distance of abrasive particle 1 (the some distance in hole and line-spacing etc.) designs according to processing object.The arrangement that high density requires can realize by the flat wire netting of tightening of a stretch-draw.The order number of wire netting and the size of abrasive grain should be mated, so that abrasive particle 1 can pass through web plate.

In Fig. 2, vertically remove orifice plate 2, abrasive particle 1 stays on stone plane 3.This procedure can use specific purpose tool and equipment to reach very high speed, and further realizes automation.The stone area can be greater than the area of thin layer, and when shifting abrasive particle 1, the abrasive particle 1 beyond the thin layer can reenter next working cycles.

In Fig. 3, the thin layer 6 that has prepared is inhaled on layer planes 4 by its liner 5, presses to the stone plane 3 of having arranged abrasive particle 1 abreast with this bundle of planes thin layer 6, but can not contact, in order to avoid adhesion.At this moment, abrasive particle 1 just is pressed into thin layer 6.Because thin layer 6 thin layers still have cohesive force, abrasive particle 1 will remain on glue under the situation of location into or embed thin layer 6.Thin layer sclerosis back abrasive grain also can be pressed into the surface.

In Fig. 4, separate with layer planes 4 on stone plane 3, and abrasive particle 1 combines with thin layer 6.Thin layer 6 is inhaled on layer planes 4 by liner 5.Any one of two planes can realize the transfer of abrasive grain as movable pair.The thin layer 6 of sticking embedding abrasive particle 1 is exactly most important cutting or grinds working lining.

An important content of the present invention is that abrasive particle 1 is spaced apart in the hangover extended line by design, can effectively reinforce hangover like this.As shown in Figure 5.Abrasive particle 1 is positioned on the thin layer 6 in the present invention, arranges apart from, line-spacing with a fixed point, and the dislocation of certain vertical direction is arranged between row and the row, makes abrasive particle 1 be distributed in falling in the camber line after its hangover and (falls the camber line of camber line for being offset to center of circle direction).The direction of arrow is a cut direction among the figure, and Tuo Wei direction is with the cut direction unanimity as can be seen.Can suppose that on large diameter instrument falling camber line is straight line, small diameter tools will make abrasive grain be arranged in falling in the camber line of suitable diameter according to diameter.When in running order abrasive particle finally came off, the abrasive particle of position can be filled immediately thereafter.The abrasive particle of filling has also had suitable overhang immediately.

The present invention makes abrasive particle always be in participation work under the effective status, the raising of essence the performance of abrasive particle cutting effect.Moreover, because the effect before abrasive particle is entering cut state is to reinforce hangover, so also prolonged the working time of the abrasive particle of front.Strengthened the wear resistence of hangover again.

Each thin layer is superimposed by designing requirement.Can be in an instrument die cavity during superimposition.Can add other powder or material by method noted earlier during superimposition.What here stress is: the thin layer here is much to save the large tracts of land thin layer that piece combines.It or not the thin layer that only can be combined into a tool sectional block or an instrument.Make pressed compact if cut out thin layer according to each tool sectional block or instrument external form or branch, not only the efficient extreme difference also can cause a large amount of wastes of material.Large-area pressed compact makes production efficiency very high.

Cutting of pressed compact also is vital part in this production technology.Similar technology is not in the past mentioned the processing of this problem, and fabrication tool joint piece pressed compact also can't enter large-scale production economically.Solution of the present invention is to make the large tracts of land pressed compact of disjunctor earlier, the large tracts of land pressed compact is divided cut then.The goods that some is very little such as the small bit tool of cutting stone material, its thickness is little.Also can sinter the rectangular of disjunctor earlier into, utilize its fragility then, separate, to reach the purpose of enhancing productivity with shearing force.Cut available diel, also available water jet, laser etc.The pressed compact of the goods of a lot of simple shapes can not have waste material ground by plant equipment and mould and cuts fast.The large tracts of land pressed compact through overcompaction, dash repair external form after.Can carry out presintering earlier.Both can when presintering, remove binding agent, and also can make pressed compact have certain physical intensity, be convenient to operation processing down.More loose through organizing of the pressed compact after the presintering, capillarity is arranged, so the solution of the enough active ingredient of energy further processes, make end article that more high-performance be arranged.

Dash repair big pressed compact after unnecessary thin layer tailing can be prepared into compound again with solvent.Be used for the manufacturing of thin layer once more.Also can once cut into thin layer combination back with particular manufacturing craft and equipment the little pressed compact of cutter joint piece.Be sintered directly into tool sectional block or instrument.Can be very little through the pressed compact of cutting.Can combination once more in sintering mold.On large diameter cutting tool, be that the joint piece that plays dissection one by one is welded on the collar plate shape instrument outer.When may wear to certain degree, can replace the joint piece.When cutting or grinding, live load of each joint piece front end almost is five times of rear end.Therefore, should there be different designing requirements joint piece front-end and back-end.Can the pressed compact unit of different performances, in sintering mold, make up by the requirement of this respect through the trifle piece of cutting by designing requirement.The structural member that can also the time add other in combination is such as little of graphite etc.This measure can form on final products is convenient to groove or the pothole that cooling fluid retains.Improve cooling and deslagging effect.The all right further precision of adjusted volume, the density during combination of joint piece pressed compact realizes farthest accurate manufacturing.

Can be when thin layer is superimposed according to the different requirements at each position, with containing different grain size, the thin layer combination of the abrasive grain of different densities.The abrasion that the both sides of cutter joint piece are subjected to are much larger than the centre.So joint piece both sides can be thinner by abrasive grain, the thin layer that density is high constitutes.Envoy's piece both sides wearability is the highest.Friction when so also the remarkable benefit of other that bring reduces cutting.Tangent plane is also more smooth.Some cut material also need polish smooth after cutting.Decorative cover of stone material etc. for example.The stone material that such instrument cuts out can significantly reduce follow-up workload.Before the powder thin layer does not also finish thoroughly hardening because of solvent evaporates, can be superimposed in the mould that 3D shape is arranged them, add the pressed compact that is pressed into 3D shape.

Pressed compact has different sintering methods.Can be in sintering furnace pressed compact, sintering under protection, reducing atmosphere.But the sintering method of normal use is to pass to big current flow heats, pressurization with graphite jig, sinters into the short time.Traditional handicraft often is a direct filler in the graphite jig that partly combines.Low precision, speed is slow.Stone material cutting saw blade with 1.6 meters left and right sides diameters is an example, resembles so big saw blade, and the outer is welded with 108 cutter head joint pieces.A skilled worker can only load two to three the joint piece powder that saw blade is required in one day.This technology is also big to the damage of graphite jig.The loss of graphite jig has accounted for the very most of of cost.Prepare pressed compact earlier, the production method that reinstalls the mould sintering not only helps turnover, has also alleviated the mould loss.Traditional method also cannot be controlled the uniformity of joint piece tissue density.In fact in the classical theory of powder metallurgy.The density of also assert the pressed compact tissue is that density is uneven according to the distribution of pressure streamline.Can thoroughly overthrow this out-of-date theory with the pressed compact that method of the present invention is produced.

Method of the present invention can also produce ultra-thin instrument.Even large-area, thin cutting tool also can be produced easily.Can also add enhancement layer between thin layer.Can also produce sheet, long strip type joint piece.The joint piece of the branch cutting tool of some minor diameter is very little.Can once produce conjuncted joint piece in order to enhance productivity.And then shear and open.Special-shaped instrument also is easy to produce with this method.The present invention can thoroughly eliminate the present mode of production.

The present invention not only can produce the instrument of the performance that surmounts present traditional product.Also realize the production automation easily.The flexibility of production system is strong.Article one, production line can be produced different product and must not make very big change.There is not powder to wave in the production process.Help the healthy of the producer.Reduced the use amount of expensive powder.But can not reduce the performance of goods at all.Realized farthest accurately making.Return engineers and technicians simultaneously and opened wide design space.Created condition for further improving product properties.

Embodiment 1:

Cut the major diameter annular saw cutter head joint piece of rough stone block.By method noted earlier striking powder thin layer on polyester film or bidirectional stretching polypropylene film (BOPP) or polyethylene film.The powder thin layer that is used for the diamond both sides is with high cobalt, fine granularity powder.(reference formulation: cobalt powder 80%, carbonyl machine iron powder 10%, tungsten carbide powder 10% all is the above fine powder of 300 orders) all the other not diamantiferous thin layers can be with cheap powder (reference formulation: 300 order reduced iron powders, 60%, 300 order, 663 bronze powders 40%).1.0 millimeters of abrasive grain vertical point distances, 1.2 millimeters of line-spacings, 0.2 millimeter of the vertical dislocation of every row.0.8 millimeter of the adamantine vertical point distance of joint piece both sides, 1 millimeter of line-spacing, 0.15 millimeter of vertical dislocation.The diamond specification of both sides thin layer is 50～60 orders, and 18 kilograms more than the value.The diamond at other positions is 40～45,45～50 grades.16 kilograms more than the value.

Thin layer after the hardening, removes film vaporing away solvent.Powder thin layer after the sclerosis is superimposed in extrusion die cavity.Abrasive grain density high in two sides.Shop layer sum saves thickness, the density that piece will reach according to average weight/area than reaching.The both sides of abrasive grain are made of the thin layer of high cobalt.Other parts of matrix are made of cheap powder thin layer.The cutter head joint piece of 9 millimeters thick can be made up of 12～18 layers of working lining that contains abrasive material.Matrix between (different cultivars on stone material is decided) working lining is cheap powder.Sometimes in order to regulate abrasion resistance, can make proper formula and regulate.Pressed compact after the compacting can divide incision with mould, becomes cutter head joint piece pressed compact.Pressed compact fills in the graphite jig that assembles, and with certain intensification, the program of boosting, below 870 degrees centigrade, sinters cutter head joint piece the highest on hot press.To save piece again is welded on the saw blade.

Embodiment 2:

According to the identical production stage of embodiment 1, can make the gang saw cutter head of reciprocal cutting.Arrange the mode difference of abrasive grain, for horizontally.Vertical direction evenly misplaces.Line-spacing is less than every row grain spacing.Arranging line is tilted.

Powder around the abrasive grain can use high cobalt content more.Even use cobalt powder fully.To reach the stability requirement.

Embodiment 3:

Stone material cutter head cheaply.

Because some hardness of stone is not high, be easy to cutting.Also can abrasive grain directly and the compound made of powder and binding agent be pressed into thin slice.As the groundwork layer, can suitably add a spot of alignment layer with these thin slices.Such as both sides.Other production stage is the same.Production efficiency is also than conventional method height like this.

Other series products such as hone stone, dresser etc. are also the same.

Specific embodiment of the present invention elaborates summary of the invention.For persons skilled in the art, any conspicuous change of under the prerequisite that does not deviate from the principle of the invention it being done can not exceed the protection domain of the application's claim.

Claims (11)

1. a controlled constituent structure has the grinding of three-dimensional arrangement abrasive particle and the manufacture method of cutting tool, comprises the steps:

(1) powder and the mixed compound of making of binding agent;

(2) compound is made thin layer, form the thin layer of important incised layer and implant abrasive particle;

(3) after the thin layer sclerosis, by the designing requirement superimposition, pressurization is made large tracts of land and is pressed embryo with a plurality of thin layers;

(4) cut into little pressure embryo, sintering is made and is ground and cutting tool; Or first presintering, cut again, make and grind and cutting tool.

2. the manufacture method of the grinding of a kind of controlled constituent structure according to claim 1 and cutting tool, it is characterized in that: described step (2) uses calendering to scrape the method for prolonging: compound is delivered on the just proal liner by an opening or two liners between, by with liner have appropriate clearance scrape sword or roller spreads to or rolls into thin layer to the compound on the liner.

3. the manufacture method of the grinding of a kind of controlled constituent structure according to claim 1 and cutting tool is characterized in that: described step (2) use print process: with scraper compound is scraped by half tone and inhale on the liner on the plane.

4. the manufacture method of the grinding of a kind of controlled constituent structure according to claim 1 and cutting tool is characterized in that: after described step (2) is made thin layer, embed abrasive particle thereon.

5. the manufacture method of the grinding of a kind of controlled constituent structure according to claim 5 and cutting tool is characterized in that: the method that embeds abrasive particle is:

A. abrasive material is arranged on the plane with an orifice plate instrument;

B. thin layer is inhaled on another flat tool;

C. two plane parallel are pressed near, when distance is very near, abrasive grain will glue into or embed thin layer.

6. the manufacture method of the grinding of a kind of controlled constituent structure according to claim 5 and cutting tool is characterized in that: the abrasive particle in rotary cutting tool is to be arranged in to fall on the camber line or approximate falling on the camber line after its hangover.

7. the manufacture method of the grinding of a kind of controlled constituent structure according to claim 5 and cutting tool is characterized in that: the abrasive particle in the straight cuts instrument is evenly distributed or be staggered by straight line.

8. the manufacture method of the grinding of a kind of controlled constituent structure according to claim 1 and cutting tool is characterized in that: described step (3) when superimposed, is being added other powder or reinforcing material to the powder thin layer between the thin layer or around the abrasive grain.

9. the manufacture method of the grinding of a kind of controlled constituent structure according to claim 1 and cutting tool is characterized in that: the little pressure embryo of described step (4) presses the embryo branch to cut into by large tracts of land.

10. the manufacture method of the grinding of a kind of controlled constituent structure according to claim 1 and cutting tool, it is characterized in that: it is to cut into the little pressure embryo that is sintered to goods by diel or laser that described step (4) large tracts of land is pressed embryo, and perhaps large tracts of land presses embryo water jetting method after presintering to cut.

11. the grinding of a kind of controlled constituent structure according to claim 1 and the manufacture method of cutting tool is characterized in that: the little pressure embryo of described step (4) is as unit piece combination once more in sintering mold.

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