CN1984658B

CN1984658B - Opioids for the treatment of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

Info

Publication number: CN1984658B
Application number: CN2005800230727A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 沃尔夫冈·弗莱舍尔; 卡伦·赖默尔; 彼得拉·莱恩德克
Original assignee: Euro Celtique SA
Current assignee: Euro Celtique SA
Priority date: 2004-06-08
Filing date: 2005-06-08
Publication date: 2012-04-18
Anticipated expiration: 2025-06-08
Also published as: DK1765349T3; HK1104471A1; US20070185146A1; EP2283843A2; US8518925B2; EP1961421A1; CA2569743C; EP1765349A1; ATE495744T1; JP4669878B2; JP2008501750A; EP1765349B1; US20140057933A1; WO2005120507A1; CA2569743A1; PT1765349E; CN1984658A; ES2360120T3; EP1604666A1; PL1765349T3

Abstract

The present invention relates to an opioid controlled release oral dosage form comprising at least one opioid for the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD).

Description

Be used to treat the opioid of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

Technical field

The present invention relates to the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).Particularly, the present invention relates to the purposes that opioid is used for the preparation of production for treating COPD.Preparation of the present invention can be used to treat relevant dyspnea of COPD and " red breathing heavily (pink puffer) " type COPD patient, and said " red breathing heavily " type COPD is severe COPD a kind of of two kinds of fixed patterns.

Background technology

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or be called for short COPD, be annual invasion and attack millions of people's lung PD.It causes owing to the lung airway blocks, and can not cure.

COPD relates to the chronic pulmonary disorder of many obstruction airways, such as emphysema and chronic bronchitis.Emphysema take place when some air bags of lung depths are impaired.This causes more a spot of bigger air bag to have weak gas exchange capacity.

Topmost Disability (disabling) symptom dyspnea began later on and ran down in common 50 years old.A large amount of dyspnea degree day by day changes and causes bronchospasm.Dyspnea is more serious and more common in the male.When having asthma, when the patient lies on the back, at first notice asthma usually.Afterwards, asthma all possibly take place and follow bronchospasm usually during any posture.

If the generation hypoxemia, the trickle sign that the moral function obstacle possibly occur can not be concentrated such as attention, and impermanent memory power descends.Hypercapnia possibly take place afterwards and slowly caused brain swelling and further dysfunction, cause mental disorder, lethargy and sleep to increase.

Severe is blocked sign and is comprised that flute appearance is exhaled, and therefore its delay bronchus is closed and can be kept a large amount of tidal volumes, and respiratory muscle can more effectively be brought into play function; Breathing when ancon is placed on the sitting posture on thigh or the desk, it is top, thoracic cavity fixedly, increases membranous flexibility, makes breathing more effective; And utilize extrathoracic muscle (for example sternocleidomastoid).

The bronchitic deterioration of COPD patient's obstructive is infected by virus, hemophilus influenza (Haemophilus Influenzae) usually or streptococcal pneumonia causes.Heating and leukocytosis maybe not can appear.The bronchial obstruction that worsens causes dyspnea to increase usually.Hypoxemia or hypercapnia follow the respiratory tract infection meeting to cause mental disorder and flurried, and this is twisted into relevant variation of age.

Among the severe COPD, two kinds of fixed pattern-pink puffers and blue bloater-this sick extreme situation of help definition.Most patients has two types characteristic.Redly breathe heavily normally weak, barrel chest edema due to disorder of QI patient, the patient shows as flute appearance and exhales, and does not have cyanosis or edema.Usually, such patient uses extrathoracic muscle and breathes, and produces minimum sputum and dyspnea day by day and fluctuation seldom occurs.Barrier film moves minimizing, and breathing and hear sounds are very remote.Barrel chest is not special.Because the old people has the lung compliance of increase and bigger lung capacity usually.Purple swollen normally overweight, livid purple and edema, and have chronic productive cough.Because blue bloater has pulmonary heart disease usually, if malpractice causes death rapidly, so old blue bloater is rare.

Chronic bronchitis and emophysematous alleviating property of treatment are not curing property., the sx side effect relevant with medicine think success when being in favourable balance.

Theophylline, except as bronchodilator, all right as gentle respiratory tract analeptic.

The β 2-symphathomimetics that sucks is also effective usually.Corticosteroid is useful for the acute exacerbation of the gerontal patient's of severe COPD bronchospasm, and can reduce the time of staying in intensive care unit and hospital.Invalid COPD patient in late period also is useful to long-term whole body corticosteroid treatment (prednisone 10～20mg/kg every day or its equivalent) for using all other Therapeutic Method.

Hypercapnia is often followed the severe airway obstruction.PH reduces the CO that causes ₂Dividing potential drop raises rapidly and hints the patient respiratory muscle fatigue and need more special treatment, possibly comprise ventilation support.

Dyspnea is considered to caused by the respiratory muscle fatigue that the incorrect amount work under the ventilation of supposition or the low level that nourishes blood causes.Therefore, respiratory muscle is strengthened in attempt, reduces the workload of respiratory muscle, reduces oxygen demand, guarantees enough oxygen delivery.Flute appearance is exhaled can be through allowing lung emptying more completely to reduce dyspnea, and this allows barrier film to reach more effective length conversely.Exist some to reduce the evidence of dyspneic sensation at COPD patient's the buccal gas that blows on fan.

Especially, owing to dyspnea even low-level movable down, pink puffer severe edema patient symptom is limited.Yet, when treatment severe dyspnea, have non-suitable treatment at present.Opioid has been suggested effective treatment dyspnea.But,, therefore need to come the concrete opioid of considering correct dose according to the drug accumulation and the convenient in application that for example cause owing to kidney disorder because COPD mainly diagnoses in the old people.Also have secular compliance also to hope very much.

Summary of the invention

One object of the present invention is to provide a kind of have preferred 12h at least, the more preferably opioid peroral dosage form of the long term time of 24h at least, is used to treat the COPD symptom of moderate to severe, preferably severe COPD symptom.

Another purpose of the present invention is to provide foregoing opioid preparation, and it causes less side effect such as respiration inhibition and obstipation, and has the characteristics of prevention abuse.

The present invention also comprises the purposes aspect the method for using a kind of COPD of the treatment patient with sympotoms in the preparation of the present invention and these preparations are used to treat COPD patient in production the pharmaceutical preparation.

The specific embodiment

In the context of the present invention; Term " opioid combination " is " opioid " perhaps " active substance " interchangeable use perhaps, is regarded as comprising opioid agonist, opium appearance antagonist, blended opioid antagonists/agonist and composition thereof.Preparation according to the present invention comprises at least a opioid.

In the context of the present invention; Perhaps perhaps " slow releasing preparation or dosage form " interchangeable use that perhaps " has the preparation or the dosage form that prolong action time " of " controlled release preparation or dosage form ", " delayed release dosage system or dosage form " of term " slowly delivery formulations or dosage form ", and be interpreted as for the active substance that is added, show preparation or the dosage form that prolongs release characteristic and enough therapeutical effect was provided at least in 12 hours under steady statue.

The present invention is based on opioid agonist is used to treat the COPD symptom and proposes such as the dyspneic fact.Particularly, the use opioid sustained release oral dosage forms brings better patient compliance and the patient is continued medication, and does not more receive the restriction of daytime and administration in evening.The minimum medication amount that can administering therapeutic needs reduces the accumulation of side effect and the risk of addiction thus.Particularly, it is useful that being combined in of opioid agonist and antagonist reduced the side effect aspect, and reduces the risk of abuse.

Active component

According to the present invention, opioid agonist comprises that according to the ATC of WHO classification belongs to the opium appearance analgesic of NO2A class and shows all chemical compounds of therapeutical effect for application according to the present invention.Preparation according to the present invention comprises at least a opioid.Opioid agonist is preferably selected from morphine, hydroxyl can be treated ketone, hydromorphone, third oxygen sweet smell, Morphine Dinicotinate, dihydrocodeine, heroin, Papaveretum, codeine, ethylmorphine, Phenylpiperidine and its derivant, methadone, Propoxyphene, buprenorphine, pentazocine, tilidate, tramadol and dihydrocodeinone.According to other instance of available analgesic of the present invention be Pethidine, oxymorphone, alphaprodine, aniline Pethidine, dextromoramide, hydrogen first hydromorphone, levorphan, phenazocine, etoheptazine, propiram, the phenol third hydrogen pyrroles, phenampromide, themalon, pholcodine, codeine, dihydrocodeinone, fentanyl, 3-trans-dimethylamino-4-phenyl-4-is trans-ethoxycarbonyl-A '-cyclic ethylene, 3-dimethylamino-0-(4-anisyl-carbamoyl)-phenylethyl ketoxime, (-) β-2 '-hydroxyl-2; 9-dimethyl-5-phenyl-6; 7-benzomorphans (benzomorphane), (-) 2 '-hydroxyl-2-(3-methyl-2-butene base)-9-methyl-5-phenyl-6; 7-benzomorphans, Piritramide, (-) α-5; 9-diethyl-2 '-hydroxy-2-methyl-6; 7-benzomorphans, ethyl 1-(2-dimethylaminoethyl)-4; 5; 6; 7-tetrahydrochysene-3-methyl-4-oxo-6-phenyl-indole-2-carboxylate, 1-benzoyl methyl-2; In 3-dimethyl-3-(-hydroxyl-phenyl)-piperidines, N-pi-allyl-7 α (1-R-hydroxyl-1-methyl butyl)-6,14--the nor-O3-demethylthebaine. of ethano-tetrahydrochysene, (-) 2 '-hydroxy-2-methyl-6, U.S. husky many, the α-1-acetyl group U.S. sand of U.S. husky many, the β-d1-acetyl group of U.S. husky many, the α-1-of U.S. husky many, the R-1406 of 7-benzomorphans, deformylase, α-d1-how and β-1-acetyl group U.S. sand many.These are enumerated and can not be interpreted as exclusiveness.

The opioid agonist of preferred especially analgesic activity is that hydroxyl can be treated ketone, dihydrocodeinone, hydromorphone, morphine, methadone, oxymorphone, fentanyl and sufentanil.Preferred embodiment comprises hydroxyl can treat ketone or morphine.

According to the present invention, antagonist comprises the chemical compound of antagonism opioid agonist (like preceding definition).These chemical compounds also can divide apoplexy due to endogenous wind to find at the ATC of WHO.According to the present invention, the chemical compound of the side effect that the reduction opioid agonist causes when preferably using according to the present invention, habitual effect and addiction potential.Antagonist can especially comprise naltrexone, naloxone, nalmefene, nalorphine, nalbuphine, naloxoneazinen, methyl naltrexone, ketylcyclazocine, norbinaltorphimine, naltrindol, 6-β-Na Luo alcohol (naloxol) and the 6-β-bent alcohol of Na.

Preferred especially antagonist comprises naltrexone, nalmefene and naloxone.Preferred embodiment comprises naloxone.

Most preferred embodiment of the present invention comprises that the hydroxyl of sustained-release oral dosage forms can treat the combination of ketone and naloxone.Preferred hydroxyl can treat that ketone is in excess in the UD of naloxone and exists.

Can treat at hydroxyl under the situation of ketone and naloxone that the preferred weight ratio of agonist and antagonist is maximum 25: 1, preferred maximum 20: 1, special preferred weight ratio scope 15: 1 and 10: 1, more preferably 5: 1,4: 1,3: 1,2: 1 and 1: 1.

The used agonist and the absolute magnitude of antagonist depend on the selection of reactive compound.Preferred agonist and antagonist are only independently to discharge from pharmaceutical preparation with constant mode.

If hydroxyl can be treated ketone and naloxone and be used for combination preparation that the used hydroxyl of per unit dosage can be treated the preferred 10～150mg of ketone, preferred especially 10～80mg (typical amounts), the preferred 1～50mg of naloxone.

In other embodiment preferred of the present invention, preparation can comprise 5～50mg hydroxyl can treat that ketone, 10～40mg hydroxyl can treat that ketone, 10～30mg hydroxyl can treat that ketone or about 20mg hydroxyl can treat ketone.The preferred embodiments of the invention can also comprise the preparation of per unit dosage 1～40mg naloxone, 1～30mg naloxone, 1～20mg naloxone or 1～10mg naloxone.

Preferably; Select hydroxyl can treat the ratio of ketone and naloxone; Make and guarantee the release characteristic of two kinds of active substances and make agonist can show its therapeutical effect; Select the amount of antagonist simultaneously, making does not influence under the situation of agonist treatment effect (basically), reduces and perhaps eliminates the short habituation of agonist or facilitate addiction effect and side effect.According to the present invention, formation habitual and addiction and obstipation and respiration inhibition is considered to treat the side effect of effective opioid agonist.

In the context of the present invention, the drug acceptable salt of the active component of all kinds and derivant (comprising prodrug) can replace using, and perhaps use with the non-ornamental equivalent of activity, and its consumption is equivalent to the amount of non-modification activities composition as described herein.

Hydroxyl can treat that ketone and naloxone can exist with the form of its hydrochlorate, sulfate, disulfate, tartrate, nitrate, citrate, biatrate, phosphate, malate, maleate, hydrobromate, hydriodate, fumarate or succinate.

Pharmaceutical dosage form

Optimizing opioid dosage forms provides with peroral dosage form.Preparation or it that peroral dosage form the can be designed as controlled release peroral dosage form that can be rapid release make up with controlled release.Therefore, dosage form can for example comprise the controlled release part of outer parcel quick releasing formulation.In these different portions, active component can be identical or different.

In certain embodiments, peroral dosage form of the present invention comprises the opioid with excipient composition, and described excipient is the acceptable organic or inorganic carrier material of oral medicine that is suitable for as known in the art.The suitable pharmaceutical acceptable carrier includes but not limited to the water saline solution; Alcohol; Arabic gum; Vegetable oil; Benzyl alcohol; Polyethylene Glycol; Gel; Carbohydrate is such as lactose; Amylose or starch; Magnesium stearate; Talcum; Silicic acid; Viscous paraffin; Aromatic oil; Digestible long-chain replacement or unsubstituted Hydrocarbon are such as fatty acid glycerine one ester and diglyceride; Pentaerythritol fatty ester; Hydrophilic polymer or hydrophobic polymer; Such as cellulose and cellulose derivative; Such as alkylcellulose or hydroxy alkyl cellulose; Acrylic resin; Polymer such as known commodity by name; Polyvinylpyrrolidone or the like.Pharmaceutical composition can be sterilized, and can for example lubricant, antiseptic, stabilizing agent, wetting agent, emulsifying agent, the salt that influences osmotic pressure, buffer agent, coloring agent, flavoring agent and/or aromatic substance mix with auxiliary agent as required.

Combination of oral medication of the present invention can be with tablet, coated tablet, liquid preparation, drop, capsule ingot, circular lozenge, rhombus lozenge, aqueous or oiliness suspensoid, many granules (multiparticulate) preparation, Emulsion, hard capsule or the soft capsule that comprise dispersible powder, granule, piller, matrix pellet, globule or coating inert bead or syrup or elixir, microgranule (for example microcapsule, microsphere or the like), buccal tablets or the like.

Orally administered composition can prepare according to procedures known in the art, and this compositions can comprise that one or more are selected from inertia, nontoxic medicine can be accepted the reagent of excipient, and said excipient is suitable for producing tablet.These excipient comprise that for example inert diluent is such as lactose; Granulating agent and disintegrating agent are such as corn starch; Binding agent is such as starch; With lubricant such as magnesium stearate.Tablet not coating or they can be for attractive in appearance or carry out coating for the release that postpones active component through known technology.Being used for oral preparation can also exist as hard gelatine capsule, wherein active component and inert mixing diluents.

Water suspension preferably comprises opioid and is suitable for the mixed with excipients as suspensoid with one or more, and for example, the acceptable rubber polymer of medicine is such as hydroxypropyl emthylcellulose or natural gum.Oil suspension can be through preparing above-mentioned drug regimen suspendible in vegetable oil or mineral oil.Oil suspension can comprise thickening agent such as Cera Flava or hexadecanol.Can use syrup, elixir or the like, wherein use the sweet taste excipient.

Drug oral compositions of the present invention comprises the opioid (at least a) of effective dose in slow releasing preparation.For example, can comprise slow-released carrier in the preparation so that the release of the opium appearance antagonist that surpasses 12～24h to be provided.The opioid of used here effective dose is meant that this amount is enough in the desirable time, provide desirable therapeutical effect.Therapeutical effect can also be the effect of antagonist.

For example the effective sustained-release oral dosage forms of 24h comprises that the hydroxyl of about 1～about 640mg can treat ketone or the acceptable salt of its medicine (for example Eudol Eekodal) under steady statue.Preferred sustained-release oral dosage forms comprises about 5～about 500mg hydroxyl and can treat ketone or the acceptable salt of its medicine; More preferably from about 10～about 320mg hydroxyl can be treated ketone or the acceptable salt of its medicine, even more preferably from about the hydroxyl of 10～about 160mg can be treated ketone or the acceptable salt of its medicine.

For example the effective sustained-release oral dosage forms of 12h comprises that the hydroxyl of about 1～about 160mg can treat ketone or the acceptable salt of its medicine (for example Eudol Eekodal) under steady statue.

Other opioid can treat that to be equivalent to above-mentioned hydroxyl the amount of ketone amount exists according to required therapeutical effect.

In some preferred embodiment, peroral dosage form comprises with at least a opioid and is included in intramatrical sustained-release materials jointly, is used to provide the slow release of reagent.Sustained-release materials can be hydrophobicity or hydrophilic as required.Peroral dosage form of the present invention can be prepared into granule, bead, the many granules of substrate etc., and it comprises at least a opioid in sustained-release matrix, and said sustained-release matrix can be compressed into tablet or be loaded into capsule.Peroral dosage form of the present invention can be chosen wantonly and comprise the acceptable composition of other medicines (for example diluent, binding agent, coloring agent, lubricant etc.).

In some other embodiment; Peroral dosage form of the present invention can be the osmotic dosage form with promotion or set of permutations compound and semi-permeable wall compositions; Described promotion or set of permutations compound are used to promote at least a opioid as one deck of two-layer core and leave dosage form; Said semi-permeable wall compositions is trapped among around the nuclear, and wherein said wall has at least a outlet device or passage, and being used for sending from dosage form is opioid at least.As replacement scheme, endorsing to comprise monolayer of osmotic dosage form examined, and said monolayer nuclear comprises controlled release polymer and at least a opioid.

Preferred dosage form of the present invention provides the effect at least about 12h after using.

The sustained-release matrix preparation

In the preferred embodiments of the invention, preparation can be that opioid is dispersed in the substrate in the slow-released carrier alternately, is used for the slow release opioid.

Can be included in indefiniteness list according to the suitable sustained-release materials in the sustained-release matrix of the present invention and comprise hydrophilic and/lyophobic dust, such as natural gum, cellulose ether, acrylic resin, dietary protein origin material, wax, Lac and oil ratio such as castor oil hydrogenated and hydrogenated vegetable oil.Yet, can use any acceptable hydrophobicity of medicine or hydrophilic sustained-release materials that opioid slow release can be provided according to the present invention.Preferred release polymer comprises alkylcellulose such as ethyl cellulose, acrylic acid and methacrylate polymer and copolymer; And cellulose ether, especially hydrogen alkylcellulose (particularly hydroxypropyl emthylcellulose) and carboxyl alkyl cellulose.Preferred acrylic acid and methacrylate polymer and copolymer comprise methyl methacrylate; Methylmethacrylate copolymer; The methacrylic acid ethoxy ethyl ester; Ethyl acrylate; Methacrylic acid trimethyl ammonia ethyl ester; Methacrylic acid cyanogen ethyl ester; Methacrylic acid ammonia alkyl ester copolymer; Gather (acrylic acid); Gather (methacrylic acid); Methacrylic acid alkylamine copolymer; Gather (methyl) methacrylate; Gather (methacrylic acid) (acid anhydride); Polymethacrylates; Polyacrylamide; Gather (methacrylic anhydride) and glycidyl methacrylate copolymer.Some embodiment preferred is used for substrate of the present invention with any mixture of aforementioned sustained-release materials.

Substrate can also comprise binding agent.In these embodiments, binding agent preferably has and helps slow release opioid from sustained-release matrix.

If comprise other hydrophobic adhesive material, be preferably selected from native paraffin and synthetic wax, fatty acid, aliphatic alcohol and its mixture so.Instance comprises Cera Flava, Brazil wax, stearic acid and stearyl alcohol.This list is not an exclusiveness.In some preferred embodiment, the combination of two or more hydrophobic adhesive materials is included in the matrix formulations.

Operable preferred hydrophobic adhesive material comprises digestible, long-chain (C according to the present invention ₈～C ₅₀, C particularly ₁₂～C ₄₀), substituted or unsubstituted Hydrocarbon is such as glyceride, mineral oil and vegetable oil, native paraffin and synthetic wax and the PAG of fatty acid, aliphatic alcohol, fatty acid.The Hydrocarbon that fusing point is 25～90 ℃ is preferred.In the long chain hydrocarbon binder substance, fat (aliphatic series) alcohol is preferred in certain embodiments.Peroral dosage form can comprise at least a digestible long chain hydrocarbon of the highest by 80% (weight).

In certain embodiments; The hydrophobic adhesive material can comprise native paraffin or synthetic wax, aliphatic alcohol (such as lauryl alcohol, tetradecyl alchohol, octadecanol, hexadecanol or preferred 16/octadecanol), fatty acid, includes but not limited to fatty acid ester, fatty acid glyceride (monoglyceride, diglyceride and triglyceride), hydrogenated fat, Hydrocarbon, common wax (normal wax), stearic acid, octadecanol and has the hydrophobicity and the hydroaropic substance of Hydrocarbon skeleton.Suitable wax comprises for example Cera Flava, glycowax, castor (castor wax) and Brazil wax.For the purposes of the present invention, ceroidlike material is defined as and at room temperature is generally solid and fusing point at about 30 ℃～about 100 ℃ any material.

In some preferred embodiment, dosage form comprises sustained-release matrix, and said sustained-release matrix comprises opioid and at least a water miscible hydroxy alkyl cellulose, at least a C ₁₂～C ₃₆, C particularly ₁₄～C ₂₂Aliphatic alcohol and optional at least a PAG.The preferred hydroxyl C of hydroxy alkyl cellulose ₁～C ₆Alkylcellulose is such as hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl emthylcellulose and particularly hydroxyethyl-cellulose.The accurate speed decision that the amount of at least a hydroxy alkyl cellulose in the peroral dosage form of the present invention can especially discharge through required opioid.

In some other preferred embodiment, dosage form comprises sustained-release matrix, and said sustained-release matrix comprises at least a opioid and at least a acrylic resin, at least a C ₁₂～C ₃₆, C particularly ₁₄～C ₂₂Aliphatic alcohol and optional at least a PAG.Acrylic resin comprises but is not limited to acrylic acid and EUDRAGIT S100; Methylmethacrylate copolymer; The methacrylic acid ethoxy ethyl ester; Methacrylic acid cyanogen ethyl ester; Gather (acrylic acid); Gather (methacrylic acid); Methacrylic acid alkylamide copolymer; Gather (methyl methacrylate); Polymethacrylates; Gather (methyl methacrylate) copolymer; Polyacrylamide; Methacrylic acid aminoalkyl ester copolymer; Gather (methacrylic anhydride) and glycidyl methacrylate copolymer.In some embodiment preferred, acrylate copolymer is made up of one or more ammonium methacrylate salt copolymers.The ammonium methacrylate salt copolymer is well-known in the art, is described to have the acrylic acid of low content quaternary ammonium group and the complete polymeric copolymer of methacrylate.Preferred acrylic resin is acrylate copolymer or acrylic copolymer such as gathering (methyl) acrylic ester or EUDRAGIT L100-55 or gather (methyl) acrylic ester and hydrochloric acid trimethyl ammonium (methyl) acrylic ester copolymer, gathers (methyl) acrylic ester such as what have a hydrochloric acid trimethyl ammonium methacrylate of 5%.The accurate speed decision that the amount of at least a acrylic resin in the peroral dosage form of the present invention can especially discharge through needed opioid.In order to obtain ideal stripping characteristic, be necessary to add the ammonium methacrylate salt copolymer that two or more have different physical properties, such as the quaternary ammonium group and neutrality (methyl) acrylic ester of different mol ratio.Some methacrylate based polymers is used for preparing according to the present invention operable pH dependency substrate.For example; There is gang's copolymer; It is synthetic by diethylamino ethyl-methyl acrylic copolymer or polymeric methacrylate; Can be used as from Tech, Inc buys.For example there are several kinds of dissimilar ; Eudragit E is the example of EUDRAGIT S100, and it is o'clock not swelling and some dissolving in about pH＞6 in about pH＜5.7.Eudragit S is o'clock not swelling and about pH＞7 o'clock dissolving in about pH＜6.5.Eudragit RL and Eudragit RS swellable in water, the amount of the water that these polymer absorb is that pH is dependent.Yet the dosage form right and wrong pH that contains Eudragit RL and Eudragit RS is dependent.In some preferred embodiment, acrylic substrate comprises the mixture of two kinds of acrylic resins can buying with trade name RL30D and RS30D respectively from Rohm Pharma. RL30D and

RS30D have the acrylic acid of low content quaternary ammonium group and the copolymer of methacrylate; The mol ratio of ammonium and remaining neutrality (methyl) acrylic ester is 1: 20 among RL30D, be 1: 40 among the RS30D.Mean molecule quantity is about 150,000.Code designation RL (high osmosis) and RS (hypotonicity) are meant the Penetration Signature of these reagent.

water insoluble and Digestive system of RL/RS mixture.Yet the coating that is formed by material of the same race is swellable and permeable in aqueous solution and Digestive system.

of the present invention RL/RS dispersion can be mixed together with any required ratio, thus the controlled release preparation that finally obtains having required stripping characteristic.Ideal controlled release preparation can obtain by for example postponing substrate, and said delay substrate derives from

RL,

RL and

RS and

RL and

RS.Certainly; The acrylate copolymer that person of skill in the art will appreciate that other also can use, for example L.

Aliphatic alcohol can be for example lauryl alcohol, tetradecyl alchohol, 16/octadecanol or octadecanol.Yet in the special preferred embodiment of peroral dosage form of the present invention, at least a aliphatic alcohol is hexadecanol or 16/octadecanol.The amount of the aliphatic alcohol in peroral dosage form of the present invention is passable, and as stated, the accurate speed that discharges through required opioid determines.It can also depend on whether there is at least a PAG in the said peroral dosage form.When not having at least a PAG, peroral dosage form preferably comprises about aliphatic alcohol of 20%～about 50% (weight).When having at least a PAG in the peroral dosage form, the combination weight of aliphatic alcohol and PAG preferably accounts for about 20%～about 50% (weight) of total dosage form.

In a preferred embodiment, the ratio of for example at least a hydroxy alkyl cellulose or acrylic resin and at least a aliphatic alcohol/PAG depends on the rate of release of opioid from preparation to a great extent.In certain embodiments, preferred 1: 1～1: 4 of the ratio of hydroxy alkyl cellulose and aliphatic alcohol/PAG, preferred especially 1: 2～1: 3.

In certain embodiments, PAG can be for example polypropylene glycol or preferably Polyethylene Glycol.The mean molecule quantity of at least a PAG is preferably 1,000～15, and 000, be preferably 1,500～12,000 especially.

Another suitable sustained-release matrix comprises alkylcellulose (particularly ethyl cellulose), C ₁₂～C ₃₆Aliphatic alcohol and optional PAG.

Except above-mentioned composition, sustained-release matrix can also comprise other material of Sq, for example pharmaceutical field diluent, lubricant, binding agent, granulation aid, coloring agent, flavoring agent and fluidizer commonly used.

In order to be beneficial to preparation according to solid of the present invention, sustained-release oral dosage forms, in substrate, adding opioid can for example realize through following mode:

(a) formation comprises at least a aforesaid hydrophobicity and/or hydroaropic substance (for example water miscible hydroxy alkyl cellulose) and opioid granule.

(b) mix granule and at least a C that comprises at least a hydrophobicity and/or hydroaropic substance ₁₂～C ₃₆Aliphatic alcohol, (with other matrix components in some cases) and

(c) randomly, compacting and shaped granule.

Granule can form through the known any step of technical staff in the field of pharmaceutical preparations.For example, in a preferable methods, can hydroxy alkyl cellulose/opioid and water be formed granule through wet granulation.In the concrete preferred embodiment of this method, preferred 1.5～5 times of the water yield that adds in the wet granulation process, particularly 1.75～3.5 times to opioid dry weight.

Sustained-release matrix can also be through for example fusion-pelletize or fusion-extruding technology preparation.Usually, fusion-granulating technique comprises being generally the for example wax fusion and add powdered drug therein of solid hydrophobic adhesive material.In order to obtain slow release formulation, be necessary that for example ethyl cellulose or water-fast acrylate copolymer join in the fused wax hydrophobic adhesive material with the hydrophobicity sustained-release materials.The instance of the slow releasing preparation through fusion-granulating technique preparation finds in 861,598 (being incorporated herein by reference) at for example U.S. patent No.4.

Other hydrophobic adhesive material can comprise one or more water-fast wax appearance thermoplastics; And can mix with the wax appearance thermoplastic of one or more hydrophobicitys not as one or more water-fast ceroidlike materials described in the preparation; And in the initial release stage; In gastro-intestinal Fluid, should not degrade basically and do not dissolve.Available water-fast wax appearance binder substance can be that water solublity is lower than about 1: 5, those of 000 (w/w).

Adopt extruding preparation and can being advantageously used in the context of the present invention of the disclosed starch of DE19918325 A1 (being incorporated herein by reference) for example.

Preparation according to suitable fusion of the present invention-extrude substrate can for example comprise that blend opioid, sustained-release materials and preferred adhesive material are to obtain the step of uniform mixture.Then, with uniform mixture heated to being enough at least fully softening temperature of this mixture so that it is extruded.Then the homogeneous mixture that obtains is for example extruded with double screw extruder, formed wire harness (strands).Extrudate preferably cools off and cuts into many granules through any device as known in the art.Then with many granules of substrate divided into unit dosage form.About 0.1～about the 5mm of the preferred diameter of extrudate provides the opioid lasting release at least about 24h.

The optional preparation method that melt extrudes preparation of the present invention comprises that direct metering hydrophobicity sustained-release materials, at least a opioid and optional binder substance get in the extruder; The mixture of homogeneous heating; Extrude uniform mixture, form wire harness thus; Cooling contains the wire harness of homogeneous mixture; Wire harness is cut into the many granules of substrate of the about 0.1mm of particle diameter～about 12mm; With said granule is divided into UD.In this aspect of the invention, realize successive relatively production routine.

Plasticizer such as above-mentioned those, can be included in fusion-extrude in the substrate.Plasticizer preferably is included as about 0.1～about 30% of substrate weight.The other medicines excipient, for example, Talcum, monosaccharide or polysaccharide, coloring agent, flavoring agent, lubricant etc. as required, can join in the sustained-release matrix of the present invention.Addition depends on the required characteristic that reaches.

The diameter that can regulate extruder aperture or outlet changes the thickness of extruding wire harness.And it is circular that the exit portion of extruder needs not be, and it can be oval-shaped, orthogonal or the like.The wire harness of discharging can use hot shears pincers, cutter etc. to reduce into granule.

Melt extrude the many particle systems of substrate and can be the for example form of granule, bead or piller, this depends on the extruder tap.According to the object of the invention; Term " fusion-extrude the many granules of substrate " and " fusion-extrude the many particle systems of substrate " and " fusion-extrude matrix granule " should refer to a plurality of unit; Said unit preferably in small particle diameter and/or form range and comprise one or more active substances and one or more excipient, preferably comprises hydrophobicity sustained-release materials as described herein.Preferred molten-extrude the granose scope of substrate is about 0.1～about 12mm of length and the about 0.1～about 5mm of diameter.In addition, it will be appreciated that fusion-extrude the many granules of substrate can be any geometry in this particle size range.In certain embodiments, extrudate can cut into required length simply and be divided into the therapeutic activity agent of UD, and does not need round as a ball step.

In a preferred embodiment, the peroral dosage form of preparation comprises the fusion of the effective dose in the capsule-the extrude many granules of substrate.For example, multiple fusion-extrude the many granules of substrate can place gelatine capsule, its consumption is enough to by gastro-intestinal Fluid digestion effective sustained-release dosage is being provided when contacting.

In another embodiment, many granules of Sq extrudate is pressed into oral tablet through the conventional sheeting equipment that uses ordinary skill.The technology and compositions (compacting is with molded), capsule (hard and soft gelatin) and the pill that are used to prepare tablet be also at Remington ' s Pharmaceutical Sciences (Arthur Oso, editor), 1553～1593 (1980) middle descriptions.

In another preferred embodiment, extrudate can be shaped to tablet, like the U.S. patent No.4 of front, and 957,681 (people such as Klimesch).

Randomly, the many particle systems of sustained-release matrix, tablet or capsule can the bundled slow-releasing coating such as sustained release coating described herein.Hydrophobicity and/or the hydrophilic sustained-release materials that these coatings preferably comprise q.s is obtaining about 2～about 25% weight increase level, but outer coatings can be bigger, and this depends on for example required rate of release.

Dosage form of the present invention can further comprise fusion-the extrude granose combination of substrate, and said fusion-extrude the many granules of substrate comprises at least a opioid.And this dosage form can also comprise a certain amount of rapid release therapeutic activity opioid with immediate treatment effect.The rapid release opioid can for example join in the gelatine capsule as independent many granules, or in for example fusion-the extrude granose surface coatings of substrate.

The sustained releasing character of fusion of the present invention-extrude preparation can change; For example, the amount through changing sustained-release materials, through change plasticizer with respect to the amount of other matrix components, through changing lyophobic dust amount, through introduce other composition or excipient, through changing production method etc.

In other embodiment of the present invention, fusion-extrude preparation prepares not introducing under the opioid situation, and said opioid joins in the extrudate subsequently.These preparations are mixed together opioid and the stroma ground substance of extruding usually, then mixture are processed tablet so that the preparation of slow release to be provided.These preparations can be favourable, for example when the therapeutic activity agent in the preparation during to softening lyophobic dust and/or the needed responsive to temperature of retardance material.

Be applicable to that typical fusion of the present invention-extrude production system comprises having variable-ratio and constant-torque control, start-stop and controlling and the suitable extruder drive motor of quantifier.In addition, production system comprises the temperature control station that runs through extruder length, and said temperature control station comprises temperature sensor, chiller and thermindicator.In addition, production system comprises extruder such as by being enclosed in the barrel two to changeing the double screw extruders that engagement screws is formed, and said barrel has an aperture or mouth mould in the exit.Raw material gets into through feed hopper and passes barrel through screw rod; Force the through port mould and become wire harness, said then wire harness is such as transmitting through continuous moving belt to allow cooling and directly to arrive comminutor or other suitable equipment the making ropy of extruding become the many particle systems of substrate.Comminutor can be made up of roller, dead knife, rotary cutter etc.Suitable equipment and system are from the C.W.Brabender Instruments of distributors such as the Nan Hakensake city of New Jersey, Inc..Other suitable equipment is apparent to those skilled in the art.

Above-mentioned fusion-when extruding many granules of substrate, the air capacity of introducing in the extrudate is controlled in preparation, and its at least a opioid rate of release is variable.

Therefore, fusion-extrudate prepares extruding in the stage with the mode of deaeration basically of this process.This can for example have the Leistritz extruder completion of vacuum accessory through use.The many granules of substrate of extruding that prepare under vacuum with the Leistritz extruder according to the present invention provide the fusion-extruded product with different physical properties.Particularly, extrudate is an atresia when for example using scanning electron microscope to amplify basically.With respect to the preparation of same antivacuum preparation, these basically the preparation of atresia the very fast release of therapeutic activity agent can be provided.Compare with many granules of antivacuum preparation, use the granose scanning electron micrograph of substrate of extruder preparation very smooth under the vacuum.According to observations, compare with the similar preparation of antivacuum preparation, in some preparation at least, use under the vacuum extrude provide to extrude many grain products of substrate pH dependency stronger.

As replacement scheme, fusion-extruded product uses the Werner-Pfleiderer prepared in twin-screw extruder.

In certain embodiments, spheronizer material (spheronizing agent) is joined in granule or the many granules of substrate round as a ball then production sustained-release pellets.Then through bead randomly being carried out outer coatings with sustained release coating such as said method.

The spheronizer material that can be used to prepare the many granular preparations of substrate of the present invention comprises the known spheronizer material of prior art arbitrarily.

Preferred cellulose derivant, especially preferably microcrystalline cellulose.The material that suitable microcrystalline Cellulose is for example sold as Avicel PH 101 (trade mark, FMC Corp.).Spheronizer material preferably accounts for about 1～about 99% of the many particle weight of substrate.

In certain embodiments, except active component and spheronizer material, bead can also comprise binding agent.Suitable adhesive is that the pharmaceutical field technical staff knows such as low viscosity, water-soluble polymer.Yet preferred water dissolubility hydroxyl low-grade alkyl cellulose is such as hydroxypropyl cellulose.(or as replacement scheme) bead can comprise insoluble polymer in addition, and especially acrylate copolymer, acrylic copolymer are such as methacrylic acid-ethyl propylene acid ester copolymer or ethyl cellulose.

In certain embodiments, sustained release coating is used for the many granules of sustained-release pellets, granule or substrate.In these embodiments, sustained release coating can comprise water-insoluble materials such as (a) wax, uses separately or mixes with aliphatic alcohol; Or (b) Lac or zein.Said coating is preferably obtained by the aqueous dispersion of hydrophobicity sustained-release materials.

In certain embodiments; Be necessary the many granules of sustained-release pellets, granule or substrate that contain opioid and slow-released carrier to be carried out outer coatings with the for example alkylcellulose of q.s or the aqueous dispersion of acrylate copolymer; To obtain about 2～about 50%; For example about weight of 2～about 25% increases level, thereby obtains slow releasing preparation.Outer coatings can be still less or is more, and this depends on the introducing and the adding mode thereof of plasticizer in for example required rate of release, the aqueous dispersion.Cellulosic material and polymer comprise alkylcellulose, are sustained-release materials, are very suitable for coating according to the many granules of sustained-release pellets of the present invention, granule or substrate.As just embodiment; A kind of preferred alkylcellulose polymer is an ethyl cellulose, but the technical staff will recognize and can use other cellulose and/or alkylcellulose polymer as all or part hydrophobic coatings according to the present invention separately or with combination in any.

A kind of aqueous dispersion of the ethyl cellulose that can buy from market is (FMCCorp; Philadelphia; Pennsylvania, U.S.A.).

through being dissolved in ethyl cellulose in the immiscible organic solvent of water, emulsifying and preparing in water in the presence of surfactant and stabilizing agent then.Form the submicron droplet after the homogenization, the organic solvent vaporising under vacuum forms pseudo-gums breast (pseudolatex).In the production phase, plasticizer is not included in the pseudo-gums Ruzhong.Therefore; Use its as coating before, be necessary before use and suitable plasticizer fully mixes.

The aqueous dispersion of the another kind of ethyl cellulose that can buy from market is (Colorcon; Inc.; Weset Point; Pennsylvania, U.S.A).This product is in process of production, prepares through plasticizer is joined in the dispersion.The hot melt of polymer, plasticizer (dibutyl sebacate) and stabilizing agent (oleic acid) is prepared into uniform homogeneous blend, obtains aqueous dispersion with the aqueous slkali dilution then, described aqueous dispersion can directly be used for the many granules of sustained-release pellets, granule or substrate.

In other preferred embodiment of the present invention; The sustained-release materials that comprises sustained release coating is the acceptable acrylate copolymer of medicine, includes but not limited to acrylic acid and EUDRAGIT S100, methylmethacrylate copolymer, methacrylic acid ethoxy ethyl ester, methacrylic acid cyanogen ethyl ester, gathers (acrylic acid), gathers (methacrylic acid), methacrylic acid alkylamide copolymer, gathers (methyl methacrylate), polymethacrylates, gathers (methyl methacrylate) copolymer, polyacrylamide, methacrylic acid aminoalkyl ester copolymer, gathers (methacrylic anhydride) and glycidyl methacrylate copolymer.Useful acrylate copolymer is the resin of known commodity

by name, can buy from Rohm Pharma.These acrylic resins can be regulated provides pH dependency and the dependent active substance rate of release of non-pH.

Except above composition; Other material that the many granules of bead, granule or substrate can also comprise Sq is pharmaceutical field diluent, lubricant, binding agent, granulation aid (granulating aids), coloring agent, flavoring agent and fluidizer commonly used for example, and its consumption is up to about 50% of weight of formulation as required.The amount of these added substances will enough provide desirable effect for desirable preparation.

The oral instantiation of accepting carrier and excipient that can be used for formulate oral dosage forms exists Handbook Of Pharmaceutical Excipients, describe in the American Pharmaceutical Association (1986).

Further find in sustained release coating, to add the trend that a spot of Talcum reduces aqueous dispersion adhesion in the preparation process, and as polishing agent.

If hydroxyl can be treated ketone and be used for preparation that select preparation so, said substrate comprises at least a acrylic resin and at least a C ₁₂～C ₃₆Aliphatic alcohol, as previously mentioned.Said preparation is preferably through above-mentioned comminution granulation, realize with the composition of above-mentioned preferred amounts.

If hydroxyl can treat ketone and naloxone and be used for combined preparation, select so preparation with guarantee reactive compound from preparation with persistent, independently discharge with constant mode.Preferred those preparations are storage-stables.

Term used herein " from preparation with persistent, independently discharge with constant form " and " storage-stable " define in PCT/EP03/03541.

If hydroxyl can be treated ketone and naloxone and be used for combined preparation, select preparation so, it is comprised has release matrix non-basically water or non-buffer agent swellable and characteristic not aggressive diffusion substrate, such as among the PCT/EP03/0354 definition.PCT/EP 03/0354 is incorporated herein by reference.

If hydroxyl can treat ketone and naloxone and be used for combined preparation, so preparation especially preferably comprise ethyl cellulose or E-7-7050 as the material that makes up substrate (matrix-building), octadecanol as aliphatic alcohol, magnesium stearate as lubricant, lactose as filler and polyvinylpyrrolidone as granulation aid.

In principle, these preparations can be produced and be all common application forms, and described common application form is applicable to retard formulation and guarantees release of active compounds in the above described manner.Especially suitable is tablet, multilayer tablet and capsule.Can use other application form such as granule or powder, have only those application forms that enough delay and aforesaid release behaviors can be provided.

These pharmaceutical preparatioies can also comprise the film coating.Yet, need to guarantee that the film coating can influence the storage stability of reactive compound in release characteristic and the substrate of reactive compound from substrate sharply.If desired, these film coating pigmentable or comprise the reactive compound of initial dose.The reactive compound of initial dose will discharge rapidly, therefore reach the treatment effective plasma levels very soon.

Prepare these hydroxyls and can treat that the detailed description of ketone/naloxone combination preparation can be with reference to PCT/EP 03/0354.The method for preparing the substrate globule

Can also be prepared into substrate globule preparation according to controlled release form of the present invention.The substrate globule comprises spheronizer material and at least a opioid.

At least a opioid preferably accounts for about 0.01～about 99% of substrate globule weight.Preferred at least a opioid accounts for about 0.1～about 50% of substrate globule weight.

The spheronizer material that can be used for preparing substrate globule preparation of the present invention comprises any spheronizer material known in the art.Cellulose derivative is preferred, and microcrystalline Cellulose is preferred especially.The material that suitable microcrystalline Cellulose is for example sold as Avicel PH101 (trade mark, FMC Corporation).Spheronizer material preferably accounts for about 1～about 99% of substrate globule weight.

Except active component and spheronizer material, bead can also comprise binding agent.Suitable adhesive is that the technical staff knows in the pharmaceutical field such as low viscosity, water-soluble polymer.Yet water soluble hydroxy low alkyl group cellulose is preferred such as hydroxypropyl cellulose.

Except at least a opioid and spheronizer material, substrate globule preparation of the present invention can comprise such as above-mentioned controlled release material.The preferred controlled release material that joins in the substrate globule preparation comprises acrylic acid and methacrylate polymer or copolymer and ethyl cellulose.When in preparation, existing, the controlled release amount of substance of adding is about 1～about 80% of a substrate globule weight.The controlled release material is preferably effectively to provide at least a opioid amount of controllable release from globule to be included in the substrate globule preparation.

The medicine processing aid can be included in the substrate globule preparation such as binding agent, diluent or the like.These amounts that are included in the reagent in the preparation with preparation the desirable effect that will show change.

The substrate globule can carry out outer coatings with controlled release coat, and described controlled release coat comprises the controlled release material such as the above.Can adopt controlled release coat to reach about weight of 5～about 30% increases.The amount of used controlled release coat according to multiple factor for example the composition of substrate globule change.

The substrate globule is usually through for example preparing spheronizer material and reagent pelletize together through wet granulation.Then with the round as a ball production substrate of granule globule.The substrate globule randomly carries out outer coatings through above-mentioned method with controlled release coat then.

The another kind of method of preparation substrate globule for example comprises at least a water solublity hydroxy alkyl cellulose through (a) formation and opioid granule (b) mixes granule and at least a C that contains hydroxy alkyl cellulose ₁₂～C ₃₆Aliphatic alcohol; (c) randomly, compacting and shaped granule.Preferably hydroxy alkyl cellulose/opioid and water are formed granule through wet granulation.

In another alternate embodiment, spheronizer material and active component can round as a ball formation beads.Microcrystalline Cellulose is preferred.Suitable microcrystalline Cellulose is for example as Avicel PH 101 (trade mark, the material of FMCCorporation) selling.In these embodiments, except active component and spheronizer material, bead can also comprise binding agent.Suitable adhesive is that the technical staff knows in the pharmaceutical field such as low viscosity, water-soluble polymer.Yet water soluble hydroxy low alkyl group cellulose is preferred such as hydroxypropyl cellulose.(or as alternative) bead can comprise insoluble polymer in addition, and especially acrylate copolymer, acrylic copolymer are such as EUDRAGIT L100-55 or ethyl cellulose.In these embodiments, sustained release coating generally includes water-insoluble materials such as (a) wax, mixes separately or with aliphatic alcohol; Or (b) Lac or zein.

In a special preferred embodiment, peroral dosage form comprises the controlled release bead of effective dose, and described controlled release bead is included in the gelatine capsule.

In yet another embodiment of the present invention, controlled release form comprises the bead that contains active component, and described bead carries out coating with the controlled release coat that contains the controlled release material.The term bead is that pharmaceutical field is known, and the meaning is the small spherical particles of diameter 0.1mm～2.5mm or 0.5mm～2mm for example.This scope is not restrictive, because said diameter can be greater than or less than the disclosed diameter in front.

Bead preferably carries out the film coating with the controlled release material, allows in aqueous medium, to discharge opioid with controlled speed.When with other described characteristics combination, the selective membrane coating makes and realizes required in-vitro release rate.Controlled release coat preparation of the present invention preferably produces firm, continuous film, said film is smooth and attractive in appearance, can support pigment and other coating additive, nontoxic, inertia and sticking.

The sustained release coating preparation

Peroral dosage form of the present invention can randomly be applicable to adjustment release, be used to protect the coating of preparation to carry out coating with one or more.In one embodiment, coating provides and allows the release that pH relies on or non-pH relies on, for example, and in the time of in being exposed to gastro-intestinal Fluid.When needing coating that pH relies on, no matter the coating design comes the for example variation of pH and realize best release in the gastrointestinal tract of environment liquid, to avoid the dosage emptying.Other preferred embodiment comprises that pH relies on coating, and its desired regions in gastrointestinal (GI) road for example discharges described at least a opium appearance antagonist in the harmonization of the stomach small intestinal.Can also be formulated in for example release portion dosage and for example discharge the compositions of residue dosage in other zone of gastrointestinal tract in the small intestinal in the stomach of desired regions of gastrointestinal.

The preparation that use pH according to the present invention relies on coating can also provide the effect of repeat function; Not protected thus pharmaceutical pack overlays on the outer and release under one's belt of enteric coating, and further discharges in the gastrointestinal tract bottom through the remainder that enteric coating protects.Operable pH dependence coating comprises the controlled release material such as Lac, Cellulose Acetate Phthalate (CAP), polyphenyl dioctyl phthalate vinylacetate (PVAP), hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate and methacrylate copolymer, zein or the like according to the present invention.

In a further preferred embodiment; The present invention relates to comprise opioid stabilization of solid controlled release form; Said dosage form is carried out coating with hydrophobicity controlled release material, and hydrophobicity controlled release material is selected from (i) alkylcellulose, (ii) acrylate copolymer or (iii) its mixture.Coating can be used with the form of organic or aqueous solution or dispersion.

In some preferred embodiment, the controlled release preparation coating is obtained by the aqueous dispersion of hydrophobicity controlled release material.Then, contain opioid coating substrate (for example tablet core or inert pharmaceutical globule or bead) and solidify,, stable stripping is provided at the destination county substrate up to reaching terminal point.Solidify terminal point can be when relatively just having solidified dosage form stripping characteristic (curve) and be exposed to the acceleration storage condition for example after 40 ℃ of temperature and relative humidity are 75% time at least 1 month the stripping characteristic (curve) of dosage form definite.These preparations are at U.S. patent No.5, describe in detail in 273,760 and 5,286,493.Other controlled release preparation that can be used according to the invention and the instance of coating comprise the U.S. patent No.5 of Assignee, 324,351,5,356,467 and 5,472,712.

In preferred embodiments, controlled release coat comprises such as the plasticizer that describes below.

In certain embodiments; Be necessary to carry out outer coatings to comprising opioid substrate with the for example alkylcellulose of q.s or the aqueous dispersion of acrylate copolymer; About 2% to obtain～about 50%, about 2%～about 25% weight increase level for example, thus controlled release preparation obtained.Said outer coatings can be still less or is more, and this depends on the introducing and the adding mode thereof of plasticizer in physical property and required rate of release, the aqueous dispersion of for example therapeutic activity agent.

The alkylcellulose polymer

Cellulosic material and polymer comprise alkylcellulose, are to be suitable for very much coating according to the present invention the for example controlled release material of globule, tablet etc. of substrate.As just embodiment, a kind of preferred alkylcellulose polymer is an ethyl cellulose, but the technical staff will recognize according to other cellulose of the present invention and/or partially hydrophobic coating.

A kind of aqueous dispersion of the ethyl cellulose that can buy from market is (FMCCorp; Philadelphia; Pennsylvania, the U.S.).

through being dissolved in ethyl cellulose in the immiscible organic solvent of water, emulsifying and preparing in water in the presence of surfactant and stabilizing agent then.Form the submicron droplet after the homogenization, the organic solvent vaporising under vacuum forms the pseudo-gums breast.In the production phase, plasticizer is not included in the pseudo-gums Ruzhong.Therefore; Use its as coating before, be necessary before use and suitable plasticizer fully mixes.

The aqueous dispersion of the another kind of ethyl cellulose that can buy from market is

(Colorcon; Inc.; West Point; Pennsylvania, the U.S.).This product is in process of production, prepares through plasticizer is joined in the dispersion.The hot melt of polymer, plasticizer (dibutyl sebacate) and stabilizing agent (oleic acid) is prepared into uniform homogeneous blend, obtains aqueous dispersion with the alkaline solution dilution then, described aqueous dispersion can directly be used for substrate.

Acrylate copolymer

In other preferred embodiment of the present invention; The controlled release material that contains controlled release coat is the acceptable acrylate copolymer of medicine, includes but not limited to acrylic acid and EUDRAGIT S100, methylmethacrylate copolymer, methacrylic acid ethoxy ethyl ester, methacrylic acid cyanogen ethyl ester, gathers (acrylic acid), gathers (methacrylic acid), methacrylic acid alkylamide copolymer, gathers (methyl methacrylate), polymethacrylates, gathers (methyl methacrylate) copolymer, polyacrylamide, methacrylic acid aminoalkyl ester copolymer, gathers (methacrylic anhydride) and glycidyl methacrylate copolymer.

In some preferred embodiment, acrylate copolymer is made up of one or more ammonium methacrylate salt copolymers.The ammonium methacrylate salt copolymer is well-known in the art, is described to have the acrylic acid of low content quaternary ammonium group and the complete polymeric copolymer of methacrylate.

In order to obtain ideal stripping characteristic, be necessary to add the ammonium methacrylate salt copolymer that two or more have different physical properties, such as the quaternary ammonium group and neutrality (methyl) acrylic ester of different mol ratio.

Some methacrylate based polymers is used for preparing according to the present invention operable pH dependency substrate.For example; There is gang's copolymer; It is synthetic by diethylamino ethyl-methyl acrylic copolymer or polymeric methacrylate; Can be used as

from

Tech, Inc buys.For example there are several kinds of dissimilar

; Eudragit E is the example of EUDRAGIT S100, and it is o'clock not swelling and some dissolving in about pH＞6 in about pH＜5.7.Eudragit S is o'clock not swelling and about pH＞7 o'clock dissolving in about pH＜6.5.Eudragit RL and Eudragit RS swellable in water, the amount of the water that these polymer absorb is that pH is dependent.Yet, dependent with the dosage form right and wrong pH of Eudragit RL and Eudragit RS coating.

In some preferred embodiment, the acrylic acid coating comprises the mixture that can coat with lacquer from two kinds of acrylic resins that Rohm Pharma buys with trade name

RL30D and RS30D respectively. 30D and

RS30D have the acrylic acid of low content quaternary ammonium group and the copolymer of methacrylate; The mol ratio of ammonium and remaining neutrality (methyl) acrylic ester is 1: 20 among RL30D,

be 1: 40 among the RS30D.Mean molecule quantity is about 150,000.Code designation RL (high osmosis) and RS (hypotonicity) are meant the Penetration Signature of these reagent.

of the present invention RL/RS dispersion can be mixed together with any required ratio, thus the controlled release preparation that finally obtains having required stripping characteristic.Ideal controlled release preparation can obtain by for example postponing coating, said delay coating derive from 100% , 50% L and 50%

RS and 10%

BL:

RS.Certainly; The acrylate copolymer that person of skill in the art will appreciate that other also can use, for example

L.

Increase the prestige agent

In embodiments of the invention, wherein coating comprises the aqueous dispersion of hydrophobicity controlled release material, and the introducing of the plasticizer of effective dose will further improve the physical property of controlled release coat in the aqueous dispersion of lyophobic dust.For example; Because ethyl cellulose has high relatively glass transition temperature; And under the normal coating condition, can not form flexible film, therefore use its as coating substance before, preferably plasticizer is joined in the controlled release coat that contains the ethyl cellulose coating.Usually, join the concentration of the amount of the plasticizer in the coating solution, for example the most normally about 1～about 50% of film former weight based on film former.Yet the concentration of plasticizer can only correctly determine through carefully test the back with special coating solution and painting method.

The examples of plasticizers of suitable ethyl cellulose comprises water-fast plasticizer such as dibutyl sebacate, diethyl phthalate, triethyl citrate, ATBC and glyceryl triacetate, but other water-fast plasticizer (such as acetyl group monoglyceride, phthalic acid ester, Oleum Ricini or the like) also can use.Triethyl citrate is the special preferred plasticizer of Aquacoat of the present invention.

The instance of the suitable plasticizer of acrylate copolymer of the present invention includes but not limited to that citrate is such as triethyl citrate NF XVI, ATBC, phthalic acid dibutyl ester and possible 1,2-propylene glycol.Other confirmation is applicable to that the elastic plasticizer of the film that raising is formed such as

RL/RS lacquer solution by acrylic films comprises Polyethylene Glycol, propylene glycol, diethyl phthalate, Oleum Ricini and glyceryl triacetate.Triethyl citrate is the special preferred plasticizer of Aquacoat of the present invention.

Further find to add a spot of Talcum to reduce aqueous dispersion adhesion in the course of processing in the controlled release coat trend, and as polishing agent.

The preparation of coating globule preparation

When the aqueous dispersion of lyophobic dust is used to coat substrate for example the inert pharmaceutical globule is such as nu pariel18/20 globule; The a large amount of stable solid controlled release globule of gained can be subsequently with a certain amount of gelatine capsule that places, said amount be enough to by environment liquid for example the digestion of gastric juice or dissolution medium effective controlled release dosage is provided when contacting.

Stabilisation controlled release globule preparation of the present invention slowly discharges opium appearance antagonist, when by digestion and be exposed to gastric juice, is in the intestinal juice time then for example.The release characteristics of preparation of the present invention can change; For example; Contain through change hydrophobicity controlled release material aqueous dispersion outer coatings amount, change the mode of in the aqueous dispersion of hydrophobicity controlled release material, adding plasticizer; Through changing plasticizer, through introducing other composition or excipient, through changing production method etc. with respect to hydrophobicity controlled release amount of substance.The stripping characteristic of final products also can change, for example through increasing or reduce the thickness of controlled release coat.

For example through be dissolved in the therapeutic activity agent in the water, use then the Wuster insert substrate for example on nu pariel 18/20 globule spray solution prepare substrate with therapeutic activity agent coating.Randomly, supplementary element also added before coating globule, was bonded to globule to help opioid, and/or made solution painted etc.(for example can be from Colorcon for example to be with or without coloring agent; Inc buys) the product that comprises hydroxypropyl emthylcellulose etc. can join in the solution, and before it being coated on the substrate, mix this solution (for example about 1h).Then, resulting coating substrate can randomly carry out outer coatings with blocking agent (barrier agent), so that therapeutic activity agent and hydrophobicity controlled release coat are separated.

The instance of suitable blocking agent is the reagent of hydroxypropyl emthylcellulose.Yet, can use any film former as known in the art.The preferred blocking agent that does not influence the end product dissolution rate.

Can substrate be carried out outer coatings with the aqueous dispersion of hydrophobicity controlled release material then.The aqueous dispersion of hydrophobicity controlled release material preferably further comprises the plasticizer of effective dose, for example triethyl citrate.Can use the aqueous dispersion of the ethyl cellulose of preparation in advance, just there is no need to add separately plasticizer if use

such as

or

.The aqueous dispersion that alternatively, can use the acrylate copolymer of preparing in advance is such as

Except that film former, plasticizer and solvent system (being water), coating solution of the present invention preferably comprises coloring agent, distinguishes with product to provide attractive in appearance.Color can be added in the solution of therapeutic activity agent, or adds in the aqueous dispersion of lyophobic dust.For example; Can through use based on colorant dispersion, ground aluminum color lake and the opacifying agent of alcohol or propylene glycol such as titanium dioxide under shearing force through in water-soluble polymer solution, adding coloring agent, under low-shearing force, add to then in plastifying

and color added in

.Alternatively, can use any suitable method is that preparation of the present invention provides color.When using the aqueous dispersion of acrylate copolymer, for providing the suitable formulations of color, preparation comprises titanium dioxide and pigment, such as iron oxide pigment.Yet, introduce the carryover effects that pigment can increase coating.

Through using the spraying apparatus of any suitable as known in the art, can the aqueous dispersion of plastifying hydrophobicity controlled release material be coated on the substrate, described substrate comprises the therapeutic activity agent.In a preferred method, use the Wurster fluidized system, the air nozzle that wherein injects from the bottom makes the core substance fluidisation, and influences the drying when spraying the acrylate copolymer coating.Consider the physical property of therapeutic activity agent, the introducing mode of plasticizer etc., when said coating substrate is exposed to aqueous solution for example in the gastric juice time, the aqueous dispersion of lyophobic dust that preferably uses q.s is to obtain the predetermined controlled release of said therapeutic activity agent.Behind hydrophobicity controlled release material coating; The another outer coatings of film former randomly is applied to globule such as .If any, this outer coatings is provided, to reduce the reunion of globule basically.

The release of therapeutic activity agent can be through adding one or more release regulators in the controlled release preparation of the present invention, or the one or more passages that pass coating are provided and further are affected, and promptly adjusts to required speed.The ratio of hydrophobicity controlled release material and water-soluble substances is by the dissolution properties decision of especially required rate of release and selected material.

As the release regulator of pore former can be organic or inorganic, and being included in the environment for use can dissolving from coating, the material of extraction or leaching.Pore former can comprise one or more hydroaropic substances such as hydroxypropyl emthylcellulose.

Controlled release coat of the present invention can also comprise short corrosion agent (erosion-promoting agents) such as starch and natural gum.

Controlled release coat of the present invention can also be included in the material that is used to prepare the micropore thin layer in the environment for use, and such as the Merlon of being made up of the polyester of line style carbonic acid, wherein carbonate group occurs in polymer chain once more.

Release regulator can also comprise semi-permeable polymer.In some embodiment preferred, release regulator is selected from the mixture of hydroxypropyl emthylcellulose, lactose, Metallic stearates and any aforementioned substances.

Controlled release coat of the present invention can also comprise the discharge means, and described discharge means comprise at least one passage, hole or the like.Passage can pass through U.S. patent No.3, and 845,770,3,916,889,4,063,064 and 4,088,864 disclosed methods form.Passage can have Any shape, such as circle, triangle, square, ellipse and irregular shape etc.

The another kind of method that production is suitable for the controlled release globule preparation that about 24h uses is through the powder lamination.U.S. patent No.5,411,745 instructions utilize processing aid to pass through powder lamination technology preparation 24h morphine preparation, and described processing aid is made up of the Lactose hydrate that does not recognize basically.The globule of powder lamination prepares through binder aqueous solution is sprayed onto on the inert bead, obtains tacky surfaces, subsequently powder is sprayed onto on the viscosity globule, and said powder is the homogeneous mixture of morphine sulfate and the Lactose hydrate that does not recognize.Then, dry globule such as foregoing material coating, obtains desirable drug release when final preparation is exposed in the environment liquid with lyophobic dust.Then, obtain final dosage form during the controlled release globule of appropriate amount for example incapsulates, said final dosage form provides the morphine effective plasma level concentration of about 24h.

Sustained release osmotic dosage form in accord

Can also be prepared into the penetrating agent volume preparation according to slow release formulation of the present invention.Osmotic dosage form preferably includes two-layer core, and described two-layer core comprises medicine layer and sends or push layer, wherein centers on semi-permeable wall and optional at least one passage that is placed in one around the two-layer core.

" passage " that be used for the object of the invention comprises and can pump, spread or shift out at least a opioid hole, mouth, hole, aperture, multihole device through fiber, capillary tube, porous covering, porous insert, microporous element or porous compositions.Passage can also be included in the fluid environment of use the chemical compound of from wall corrosion or leaching, to produce at least one passage.The representative compound that forms passage comprises polyglycolic acid or polylactic acid, the gelatin fiber of erodable in the wall; The extensible polyvinyl alcohol of water, leachable chemical compound are such as fluid extensible pore-forming polysaccharide, acid, salt or oxide.Passage can form through leaching chemical compound from wall, such as sorbitol, sucrose, lactose, maltose or fructose, forms the dimensional hole path of slow release.Passage can be an Any shape, and such as circle, triangle, square and oval, at least a opioid continues from dosage form to help, the release of metering.Can be on one or more surfaces of dosage form forming one or more passages prepares dosage form at interval.U.S. patent No.3,845,770,3,916,899,4,063,064 and 4,088,864 disclose passage and the equipment that forms passage.U.S. patent No.4,200,098 and 4,285,987 disclose and have comprised the release aperture slow release dimension size, shape and the adaptability that form through the water leaching passage with release aperture that sustained release rate is provided.

In certain embodiments, two-layer core comprises and contains opioid medicine layer and displacement or push layer.In certain embodiments, medicine layer can also comprise at least a polyalcohol hydrogel.The mean molecule quantity of polyalcohol hydrogel about 500～about 6,000,000.The instance of polyalcohol hydrogel comprises but is not limited to the maltodextrin polymer, and said maltodextrin polymer has formula (C ₆H ₁₂O ₅) _n.H ₂O, wherein n is 3～7500, and maltodextrin polymer number-average molecular weight 500～1,250,000; Polyalkylene oxide, its representative are for example PEO and PPOX, weight average molecular weight 50,000～750, and 000, especially weight average molecular weight is one of at least a PEO in 100,000,200,000,300,000 or 400,000; The alkali metal carboxyl alkyl cellulose, wherein alkali metal is sodium or potassium, and alkyl is methyl, ethyl, propyl group or butyl, and weight average molecular weight is 10,000～500,000; And ethylene-acrylic acid copolymer, comprise number-average molecular weight and be 10,000～500,000 methacrylic acid and ethylacrylic acid (ethacylic acid).

In certain embodiments of the present invention, send or push layer comprises osmopolymer.The instance of osmopolymer includes but not limited to be selected from the component of polyalkylene oxide and carboxyl alkyl cellulose.The weight average molecular weight of polyalkylene oxide is 1,000,000～10,000,000.It is 5,000,000 polymethylene oxygen, PEO, PPOX that polyalkylene oxide can be selected from mean molecule quantity; Mean molecule quantity is 7,000,000 PEO; Mean molecule quantity is 1,000,000 cross-linked methylene oxygen; Mean molecule quantity is 1,200,000 PPOX.Typical osmopolymer carboxyl alkyl cellulose comprises the component that is selected from alkali metal carboxyl alkyl cellulose, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose potassium, sodium hydroxyethlcellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose lithium, sodium hydroxyethlcellulose, carboxyalkyl hydroxylalkyl cellulose, carboxymethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose, carboxyethyl hydroxyethyl-cellulose and carboxymethyl hydroxypropyl cellulose.The osmopolymer that is used for displacement layer has osmotic pressure gradient on semi-permeable wall.The osmopolymer absorption fluids gets into dosage form, thus swelling with expand into infiltration hacrogel (being also referred to as the infiltration gel), promote opioid thus and leave osmotic dosage form.

Push layer can also comprise one or more infiltration compounds effectives that also is called penetrating agent (osmagent) and the effective solute of infiltration.Their absorbing environmental fluids for example get into dosage form from gastrointestinal tract, help the kinetics of sending of displacement layer.The osmotically active examples for compounds comprises the component that is selected from infiltration salt and infiltration carbohydrate.The instance of concrete penetrating agent includes but not limited to sodium chloride, potassium chloride, magnesium sulfate, lithium phosphate, lithium chloride, sodium phosphate, potassium sulfate, potassium phosphate, glucose, fructose and maltose.

Push layer can comprise randomly that number-average molecular weight is 9,000～450,000 hydroxypropylalkylce,lulose.Described hydroxypropylalkylce,lulose is representative with the component that is selected from hydroxypropyl emthylcellulose, Cellulose ethyl hydroxypropyl ether, hydroxypropyl isopropyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl butyl cellulose and hydroxypropyl amyl cellulose.

Push layer randomly can comprise non-toxic colorant or dyestuff.The instance of coloring agent or dyestuff includes but not limited to the coloring agent (FD&C) of food and medicine Surveillance Authority, such as No. 1 blue dyestuff of FD&C, No. 4 reds of FD&C, red iron sesquioxide, yellow iron sesquioxide, titanium dioxide, white carbon black and indigo.

Push layer can also randomly comprise the antioxidant of constituents for suppressing oxidation.Some embodiment of antioxidant include but not limited to be selected from mixture, butylated hydroxyl toluene, sodium erythorbate, dihydroguaretic acid, potassium sorbate, sodium bisulfate, sodium metabisulphate, sorbic acid, potassium ascorbate, vitamin E, the 4-chloro-2 of ascorbic acid, ascorbic palmitate, butylated hydroxyanisol, 2 and 3 tertiary butyl-4-hydroxy methyl phenyl ethers anisoles, 6-DI-tert-butylphenol compounds, alpha-tocopherol and gallate lactone.

In some alternate embodiment; Dosage form comprises homogenizing nuclear, and described homogenizing nuclear comprises opioid, the acceptable polymer of pharmacy (for example PEO), optional disintegrating agent (for example polyvinylpyrrolidone), optional absorption enhancer (for example fatty acid, surfactant, chelating agen, bile salts etc.).Center on around the homogenizing nuclear and have the semi-permeable wall that is used to discharge opioid passage (as previously mentioned).

In certain embodiments, semi-permeable wall comprises the component that is selected from cellulose ester polymer, cellulose ether polymer and cellulose esters-ether polymer.Representational wall polymer comprises and is selected from acrylic fiber element, diacrylate cellulose, three acrylic fibers element, cellulose acetate, cellulose diacetate, cellulose triacetate, list, two and three cellulose alkenyl esters and single, two and three cellulose alkynyl esters (alkinylate).Be used for that of the present invention to gather cellulosic number-average molecular weight be 20,000～7,500,000.

Other the semi-permeable polymer that is used for the object of the invention comprises acetaldehyde dimethyl cellulose acetate, cellulose acetate urethanes, cellulose acetate methyl carbamate, cellulose diacetate, carbamic acid propyl ester, cellulose acetate diethyl amino yl acetate, semi-permeable polyamide, semi-permeable polyurethane, semi-permeable sulfonated polystyrene, passes through U.S. patent No.3; 173; 876,3,276,586,3; 541; 005,3,541,006 and 3; 546; Semi-permeable cross linked polymer, Loeb and Sourirajan that 876 disclosed polyanions and polycation co-precipitation form be at U.S. patent No.3, disclosed semi-permeable polymer in 133,132, semi-permeable crosslinked polystyrene, semi-permeable crosslinked polystyrene sulfonic acid sodium, semi-permeable crosslinked polyethylene benzyltrimethylammonium chloride and be 2.5 * 10 with the fluid permeability that the atmosphere of hydrostatic or permeable pressure head on each semi-permeable wall is represented ^-8～2.5 * 10 ^-2(cm ²/ hr.atm) semi-permeable polymer.Other is used for polymer of the present invention is this area U.S. patent No.3,845,770,3,916; 899 and 4,160,020 with general polymer handbook (Handbook ofCommon Polymers; Soctt, J.R.and W.J.Roff, 1971; CRC Press, Cleveland, Ohio) in known polymer.

In certain embodiments, preferred semi-permeable wall is nontoxic, inertia and can keeps its physics and chemical integrity in the allotment period of medicine.In certain embodiments, dosage form contains binding agent.The instance of binding agent includes but not limited to gather to be selected from-the n-ethernamine, gather-the n-vinyl acetamide, polyvinylpyrrolidone, also be referred to as to gather-the n-vinylpyrrolidone, gather-n-vinyl caprolactone, gather-component of n-vinyl-5-N-methyl-2-2-pyrrolidone N-is that the viscosity-average molecular weight of representative is 5; 000～350; The acceptable polyvinyl of 000 treatment and having gathering-the n-nvp copolymer of the component that is selected from vinylacetate, vinyl alcohol, vinyl chloride, PVF, vinyl butyrate, vinyl laurate and stearic acid vinyl ester.Other binding agent comprises that for example Acacia farnesiana Willd., starch, gelatin and mean molecule quantity are 9,200～250,000 hydroxypropylalkylce,lulose.

In certain embodiments, dosage form comprises lubricant, and it can be used for preventing and adhere to mouthful die wall or puch face in the process of production dosage form.The instance of lubricant includes but not limited to magnesium stearate, sodium stearate, stearic acid, calcium stearate, magnesium oleate, oleic acid, potassium oleate, carprylic acid, sodium stearyl fumarate and magnesium palmitate.

In certain embodiments; The present invention includes therapeutic combination; The mean molecule quantity that described therapeutic combination comprises 1～640mg opioid, 25～500mg is 150; 000～500,000 polyalkylene oxide, the mean molecule quantity of 1～50mg are the lubricant of polyvinylpyrrolidone and 0～about 7.5mg of 40,000.

In certain embodiments; The present invention also provides the administered through oral dosage form to use at least a opioid method; Said peroral dosage form comprises 1～640mg opioid, water permeable-biofluid and can not see through the semi-permeable wall of opioid passage, and wherein semi-permeable wall is around containing opioid combination and the inner space that promotes compositions, and the mean molecule quantity that said opioid combination comprises 1～640mg opioid, 25～500mg is 150; 000～500; 000 polyalkylene oxide, the mean molecule quantity of 1～50mg are 40,000 polyvinylpyrrolidone and the lubricant of 0～7.5mg, and the mean molecule quantity that said promotion compositions comprises 15～2500mg is 3; 000; 000～7,500,000 polyalkylene oxide, 0～75mg penetrating agent, 1～50mg hydroxy alkyl cellulose, 0～10mg iron sesquioxide, 0～10mg lubricant and 0～10mg antioxidant; The passage that semi-permeable wall enters into dosage form that passes through in the absorption fluids causes that opioid combination can distribute; And cause that expansion of promotion compositions and promotion opioid pass through passage; Through the combination operation of dosage form, in slow-release time, send opioid thus with treatment effective dose and controlled rate.

Dosage form of the present invention can randomly coat the coating of one or more suitable adjustment release or protection preparation.In one embodiment, coating provides and allows the release that pH relies on or non-pH relies on, for example, and in the time of in being exposed to gastrointestinal (GI) liquid.When coating that the non-pH of needs relies on, with coating be designed to no matter environment liquid for example the pH in GI road change and reach optimization and discharge.In other embodiment preferred, the coating that pH relies on for example discharges opioid in the desired regions of stomach or small intestinal in the GI road, and therefore providing can provide at least about 12h and preferably about 24h or the absorption characteristic to patient's therapeutical effect for more time.Can also be formulated in for example release portion dosage and for example discharge the compositions of residue dosage in other zone of gastrointestinal tract in the small intestinal in the stomach of desired regions of gastrointestinal.

In certain embodiments of the present invention, comprise the opioid of the rapid release form of effective dose in the preparation.The opioid that contains the rapid release of this effective dose in the UD.In these embodiments, the opioid of the rapid release form of effective dose can be coated on the tablet of the present invention.For example, opioid was delayed time situation about discharging from preparation owing to sustained release coating under, release layer was carried out outer coatings on sustained release coating.On the other hand, release layer can coating on the surface of tablet, wherein opioid is included in the sustained-release matrix.Those skilled in the art will recognize that other replacement scheme is partially mixed in preparation with the rapid release opioid in addition.These replacement schemes are contemplated as falling with in the accompanying claims.

Following embodiment illustrates some preferred formulations.In any case, can not be interpreted as and limit claim by any way.

Embodiment 1-contains the tablet that different hydroxyls can be treated ketone/naloxone amount through mist projection granulating production in non-swelling diffusion substrate

The group component of enumerating below is used for producing can treat ketone/naloxone tablet according to hydroxyl of the present invention

Preparation Oxy/Nal-0 Oxy/Nal-5 Oxy/Nal-10

(title)

Eudol Eekodal 20.0mg 20.0mg 20.0mg

Naloxone hydrochloride-5.0mg 10.0mg

Flow Lac100 lactose 59.25mg 54.25mg 49.25mg

Polyvinylpyrrolidone 30 5.0mg 5.0mg 5.0mg

10.0mg 10.0mg 10.0mg

Solid matter solid matter solid matter

Octadecanol 25.0mg 25.0mg 25.0mg

Talcum 2.5mg 2.5mg 2.5mg

Magnesium stearate 1.25mg 1.25mg 1.25mg

Used

E-7-7050 polymeric blends contains following component.

Ethyl cellulose 20cps

Dibutyl sebacate

Ammonium hydroxide

Oleic acid

Silicon dioxide

Water

Eudol Eekodal, naloxone hydrochloride, polyvinylpyrrolidone 30 and Flow Lac 100 lactose are mixed in barrel mixer (Bohle), use then

E-7-7050 fluidized bath Granulation Equipments (fluidized bath granulating device) (GPCG3) in mist projection granulating produce tablet.Said material sieves with the sieve of Comill 1.4mm.Other granulation step is carried out in high shear mixer (Collette) with molten fat alcohol.The weight based on dry of the tablet core that all are produced by this method is 123mg.

Embodiment 2-contains the tablet that hydroxyl can be treated ketone and naloxone through extruding production in non-swelling diffusion substrate

Preparation Oxy/Nal-extract

(title)

Eudol Eekodal 20mg

Naloxone hydrochloride 10mg

Polyvinylpyrrolidone 30 6mg

Flow Lac 100 lactose 49.25mg

Ethyl cellulose 45cpi 10mg

Octadecanol 24mg

Sliding 2.5mg

Magnesium stearate 1,25mg

Eudol Eekodal, naloxone hydrochloride, ethyl cellulose 45cps, polyvinylpyrrolidone 30, octadecanol and Flow Lac 100 lactose of recited amounts are mixed in barrel mixer (Bohle).Then with Micro 18 GGL type contrarotating double screw extruders mixture is extruded (Leistritz AG, Niirnberg, Germany).The temperature of heated zones 1 is that 25 ℃, the temperature of heated zones 2 are that 50 ℃, the temperature of heated zones 3～5 are that 60 ℃, the temperature of heated zones 6～8 are that 55 ℃, the temperature of heated zones 9 are 60 ℃, and the temperature of heated zones 10 is 65 ℃.The rotary speed of screw rod is 150 commentaries on classics/min (rpm), and the gained melt temperature is 87 ℃, and the diameter of charging rate 1.5kg/h, nozzle is 3mm.Extrudate sieves with the sieve of Frewitt0.68 * 1.00mm.With ground extrudate and Talcum and magnesium stearate mixing, compacting is in blocks then, and wherein said Talcum and magnesium stearate are added with the rider of 1mm.

Contrast can be treated ketone/naloxone tablet (with reference to embodiment 1) through the hydroxyl that also has the non-swelling diffusion substrate based on of mist projection granulating production, extrudes preparation and contains less component.

Hydroxyl can be treated the release characteristic of ketone/naloxone tablet among the embodiment 3-embodiment 1:

Employing uses HPLC to measure the release of reactive compound in the 12h under pH1.2 according to the commentaries on classics basket method (Basket Method) of USP.Measure tablet Ox/Nal-0, Ox/Nal-5 and Ox/Nal-10.

Visible from table is under the situation of the non-swelling diffusion substrate based on

; Different hydroxyls can be treated the rate of release of ketone amount; Be independent of the naloxone amount, keep equating (constant).Correspondingly, can treat to observe under the ketone amount the constant release characteristic of naloxone at different hydroxyls.

Time Ox/Nal-Ox/Nal-5-Ox/Nal-5-Ox/Nal-10-Ox/Nal-10-

(min) 0 O N O N

Oxy Oxy Nal Oxy Nal

0 0 0 0 0 0

15 26.1 24.9 23.5 22.8 24.1

120 62.1 63 61 57.5 60.2

420 91.7 94.5 91.9 89.4 93.5

720 98.1 99.6 96.6 95.7 100.6

Release value can be treated ketone or naloxone (the 2nd row) with reference to hydroxyl and represent with the percentage rate form.The release meansigma methods of naloxone is 92.7% when 420min for example.Maximum deviation is 1% during 420min.On behalf of hydroxyl, Oxy can treat ketone, and Nal represents naloxone, the reactive compound that expression detects.

Hydroxyl can be treated the ketone/release characteristic of naloxone tablet under different pH value among the embodiment 4-embodiment 2:

PH1.2 in the 12h, or the release of reactive compound in the pH6.5 mensuration tablet in pH1.2 and the 11h subsequently in the 1h.Through commentaries on classics basket method, use HPLC to measure rate of release according to USP.

Be the rate of release of pH1.2 in the 12h below.

Time Oxy/Nal-extract Oxy/Nal-extract

(min) -1，2-O -1，2-N

Oxy Nal

0 0 0

15 24.1 24.0

120 62.9 63.5

420 92.9 93.9

720 96.9 98.1

Be the rate of release of pH6.5 in interior pH1.2 of 1h and the 11h below.

Time Oxy/Nal-extract Oxy/Nal-extract

(min) -6，5-O -6，5-N

Oxy Nal

0 0 0

60 48.1 49.2

120 65.0 64.7

240 83.3 81.8

420 94.1 92.3

Rate of release can be treated ketone or naloxone (the 2nd row) with reference to hydroxyl and represent with the percentage rate form.On behalf of hydroxyl, Oxy can treat ketone, and Nal represents naloxone, the reactive compound that expression detects.

PCT/EP03/03541 discloses suitable in addition hydroxyl can treat that ketone is as agonist and the naloxone embodiment as the combination of antagonist.

Embodiment 5 can treat the ketone preparation with 6-controlled release hydroxyl, 10 with the 20mg tablet

RS 30D and glyceryl triacetate mixed pass 60 mesh sieves simultaneously, and under low-shearing force the about 5min of mixing or up to observing uniform dispersion.

Next, Eudol Eekodal, lactose and the polyvinylpyrrolidone of Sq placed the groove of fluidized bed pelletizer/drying machine (FBD), the suspendible body is sprayed onto on the powder in the fluid bed.As required granule is lumpd to reduce through the #12 sieve after the spraying.Dried granules places blender.

Simultaneously, the octadecanol of aequum is in about 70 ℃ of fusings.Fused octadecanol joined in the granule mix simultaneously.Waxy transfer of granules in fluidized bed pelletizer/drying machine or dish, cool to room temperature or below the room temperature.Then refrigerative granule is sieved through #12.Thereafter, waxy granule places blender/blender, and Talcum and the lubricated about 3min of magnesium stearate with aequum are pressed into the 125mg tablet with granule then on suitable tablet machine.

The prescription of the tablet of embodiment 5 (10mg tablet) sees the following form:

Component The Mg/ sheet % (weight)

Eudol Eekodal 10.0 8.0

Lactose (spray drying) 69.25 55.4

Polyvinylpyrrolidone 5.0 4.0

RS 30D (solid) 10.0 ^*8.0

2.0 1.6

Octadecanol 25.0 20.0

Talcum 2.5 2.0

Magnesium stearate 1.25 1.0

Amount to: 125.0 100.0

^*About 33.33mg's

RS 30D aqueous dispersion is equivalent to 10mg's RS 30D dry.

The prescription of the tablet of embodiment 6 (20mg tablet) sees the following form:

Component The Mg/ sheet

Eudol Eekodal 20.0

Lactose (spray drying) 59.25

Polyvinylpyrrolidone 5.0

RS 30D (solid) 10.0 ^*

2.0

Octadecanol 25.0

Talcum 2.5

Magnesium stearate 1.25

Amount to: 125.0

Tablet among the embodiment 7-embodiment 5 through the commentaries on classics basket method of USP, under 37 ℃, 100rpm, in the 700ml simulated gastric fluid in 1st hour under the pH1.2, becomes then and carries out dissolution test among the 900ml under the pH7.5.The result sees the following form:

The time hydroxyl can be treated the stripping percentage rate of ketone

(h)

1 38.0

2 47.5

4 62.0

8 79.8

12 91.1

18 94.9

24 98.7

Tablet among the embodiment 8-embodiment 6 through the commentaries on classics basket method of USP, under 3 ℃, 100rpm, in the 700ml simulated gastric fluid in 1st hour under the pH1.2, becomes then and carries out dissolution test among the 900ml under the pH7.5.The result sees the following form:

The time hydroxyl can be treated the stripping percentage rate of ketone

(h)

1 31

2 44

4 57

8 71

12 79

18 86

24 89

EP0 576 643 discloses other suitable hydroxyl can treat that ketone is as data (being hereby incorporated by) in the embodiment of agonist and the corresponding body.

The 160mg hydroxyl of the 24h of embodiment 9-preparation can treat that the prescription of ketone slow releasing capsule sees the following form:

Component The Mg/ unit

Eudol Eekodal 160

Stearic acid 80

Octadecanol 20

Eudragit RSPO 140

Amount to 400

Prepare above-mentioned preparation according to following step:

1. the octadecanol thin slice is passed through impact grinder.

In suitable input (lender)/blender with Eudol Eekodal, stearic acid, octadecanol and Eudragit RSPO blend.

3. at high temperature blend is joined in the double screw extruder continuously and collecting conveyor on wire harness.

4. on transporter, cool off wire harness.

5. with comminutor wire harness is cut into the piller of 1mm.

6. screening is used for purified piller and sieves the tolerance interval of about 0.8～1.4mm size once more.

7. incapsulate, each capsular filling weight is 400mg (capsule of packing into No. 00).

Embodiment 10-measures the stripping of tablet among the embodiment 9.Then piller is taked the following step: use USP equipment 1 (commentaries on classics basket), under 100rpm, in 900ml simulated gastric fluid (SGF) and 900ml simulated intestinal fluid (SIF), the optical fiber ultraviolet stripping at monitoring 282nm place.

The stripping parameter of above-mentioned preparation sees the following form:

Stripping among the stripping SIF among the time SGF

(h) percentage rate percentage rate

1 32 20

2 47 28

4 66 42

8 86 60

12 93 70

18 95 77

24 95 80

Face fiber crops research

Embodiment 11 be multicenter, at random, the double-blind parallel-group crowd of placebo research.With 7 ages is that 54～76 years old, II phase or III phase (ATS phase) pink puffer masculinity and femininity COPD emphysema patient are object of study.

(oral hydroxyl can be treated the ketone controlled release form, every day 2 times) treatment and 3 patients accept placebo with for 4 patients.Measure the oral controlled-release hydroxyl and can treat that ketone is to physiological reaction tolerance and dyspneic influence.

Estimate the physiological reaction tolerance through measuring behind the begin treatment 0,7 and 42 day average coverage distance (averagedistance covered) in the 6min.The result sees the following form:

Average coverage distance in the 6min

Dyspnea through-3 to+3 scoring (3=significantly descends ,-2=descends ,-1=slightly descends, 0=does not change ,+1=slightly improves ,+2=improves ,+3=significantly improves) estimate.

The result of case report form sees the following form:

The dyspnea grade of case report form

Accompanying drawing 1 has been summed up with 0～10 (the 0=difficulty that breathes no more, the maximum dyspnea that can contemplate to 10=) and has been opinion rating, through patient's the dyspnea grade of diary evaluation treatment during 14 days.

The general curative effect that patient and observer estimate is respectively 2.8 and 2.5.

treatment be respectively 5.0 and 3.7, placebo treatment be evaluated as 1～7 (1=is very good, the non-constant of 7=).Patient's compliance generally is good.

Claims

1. the hydroxyl that comprises free alkali or drug acceptable salt form can be treated the purposes of the opioid controlled release oral dosage of ketone, is used for the production for treating dyspneic medicine relevant with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

2. the hydroxyl that comprises free alkali or drug acceptable salt form can be treated the purposes of the opioid controlled release oral dosage of ketone; The medicine that is used for production for treating chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patient; Said medicine is every when using in 12 hours under steady statue, and effective treatment is provided.

3. the hydroxyl that comprises free alkali or drug acceptable salt form can be treated the purposes of the opioid controlled release oral dosage of ketone; The medicine that is used for production for treating chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patient; Said medicine is every when using in 24 hours under steady statue, and effective treatment is provided.

4. according to each purposes in the claim 1 to 3, the hydroxyl that wherein said peroral dosage form comprises free alkali or its drug acceptable salt form can be treated the mixture of ketone and naloxone.

5. according to the purposes of claim 4, wherein said peroral dosage form be storage-stable pharmaceutical preparation and reactive compound with persistent, constant and independently mode from preparation, discharge.

6. according to the purposes of claim 4, wherein hydroxyl can treat that ketone is with respect to the UD of naloxone and excessive existence.

7. according to the purposes of claim 4, wherein the amount ranges of naloxone is 1～50mg.

8. according to the purposes of claim 4, wherein hydroxyl can treat that the amount ranges of ketone is 10～150mg.

9. according to the purposes of claim 4, wherein hydroxyl can treat that the amount ranges of ketone is 10～80mg.

10. according to the purposes of claim 4, wherein hydroxyl can treat that the weight ratio scope of ketone and naloxone is 25: 1.

11. according to the purposes of claim 4, wherein hydroxyl can treat that the weight ratio scope of ketone and naloxone is 20: 1.

12. according to the purposes of claim 4, wherein hydroxyl can treat that the weight ratio scope of ketone and naloxone is 15: 1.

13. according to the purposes of claim 4, wherein hydroxyl can treat that the weight ratio scope of ketone and naloxone is 5: 1.

14. according to the purposes of claim 4, wherein hydroxyl can treat that the weight ratio scope of ketone and naloxone is 4: 1.

15. according to the purposes of claim 4, wherein hydroxyl can treat that the weight ratio scope of ketone and naloxone is 3: 1.

16. according to the purposes of claim 4, wherein hydroxyl can treat that the weight ratio scope of ketone and naloxone is 2: 1.

17. according to the purposes of claim 4, wherein hydroxyl can treat that the weight ratio scope of ketone and naloxone is 1: 1.