CN1946294B - 用于种子处理的农药组合物和方法 - Google Patents
用于种子处理的农药组合物和方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1946294B CN1946294B CN2004800421931A CN200480042193A CN1946294B CN 1946294 B CN1946294 B CN 1946294B CN 2004800421931 A CN2004800421931 A CN 2004800421931A CN 200480042193 A CN200480042193 A CN 200480042193A CN 1946294 B CN1946294 B CN 1946294B
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Abstract
本发明提供一种至少二元的组合物,用于防治线虫和微生物(如植物致病性真菌),该组合物含有:(A)杀线虫有效量的至少一种大环内酯,和(B)杀真菌有效量的至少一种杀真菌剂,所述杀真菌剂选自:(B1)至少一种苯基酰胺(酰基丙氨酸型),(B2)至少一种苯基吡咯和(B3)至少一种甲氧基丙烯酸酯。
Description
发明领域
本发明涉及适用于防治线虫和微生物(特别是植物致病性真菌)的农药组合物,含有(a)至少一种杀线虫剂和(b)至少一种杀真菌剂。该农药组合物特别适用于保护植物繁殖材料如种子。
发明背景
文献中描述了一些用于防治害虫的活性成分混合物。这些已知混合物的生物性能不是完全令人满意的,例如在线虫防治、植物毒性、用量和环境及操作者暴露方面。用农药保护植物繁殖材料(种子处理)是目标施用,当单独或结合叶片或犁沟农药施用时,能部分地满足降低环境和操作者暴露的需要。然而,仍需要得到其他的混合物,这样的混合物能减少对旧的强毒性农药的需要和降低用量。在旧的杀线虫剂中,可提及下列农药:溴甲烷、威百亩、丙线磷、克百威、涕灭威、苯线磷和杀线威。因此,需要提供用于保护植物繁殖材料的农药组合物和方法,特别是那些具有改善的生物性能例如协同杀虫性的组合物,特别是用于防治线虫和微生物。根据本发明,通过提供本发明的农药组合物解决了这一问题。
发明概述
本发明提供了一种用于防治线虫和微生物的组合物,该组合物含有:(A)至少一种杀线虫有效的大环内酯化合物,和(B)至少一种杀真菌有效的化合物,该化合物选自苯基酰胺类、苯基吡咯类和甲氧基丙烯酸酯类。
更具体地说,本发明提供了一种组合物,用于防治线虫和微生物,特别是植物致病性真菌,该组合物特别适用于保护植物繁殖材料如作物种子。本发明的农药组合物含有:(A)杀线虫有效量的至少一种大环内酯化合物,和(B)杀真菌有效量的至少一种杀真菌剂,所述杀真菌剂选自:(B1)至少一种苯基酰胺(酰基丙氨酸类),(B2)至少一种苯基吡咯和(B3)至少一种甲氧基丙烯酸酯。在一个实施方案中,至少三种杀真菌化合物选自(B1)、(B2)和(B3),其中至少一种杀真菌化合物选自(B1)、(B2)和(B3)中任一类,由此提供了一种至少四元的农药组合物。
本发明还涉及一种使用本发明的农药组合物保护植物繁殖材料和由此得到的植物不受线虫和真菌病害的侵袭的方法。还涉及用所述农药组合物涂覆的所述植物繁殖材料。
本发明使得用比现有技术已知的更低量的旧的强毒性杀生剂包衣或处理种子和其他植物繁殖材料成为可能,并且在大多数情况下,可取代所述旧的强毒性杀生剂;因此本发明丰富了本领域的物质。
具体实施方式的说明
杀线虫化合物(A)
本发明的农药组合物含有至少一种大环内酯化合物作为杀线虫有效成分(A),所述大环内酯选自阿维菌素、甲胺基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐和多杀菌素。
阿维菌素是优选的大环内酯化合物(A)。
阿维菌素已知于例如The Pesticide Manual,第11版(1997),The British Crop Protection Council,London,第3页;
甲胺基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐已知于例如电子版The e-PesticideManual,3.0版本,第13版,编辑CDC Tomlin,British Crop ProtectionCouncil,2003-04,条目291;和
多杀菌素已知于例如电子版The e-Pesticide Manual,3.0版本,第13版,编辑CDC Tomlin,British Crop Protection Council,2003-04,条目737。
杀真菌成分(B)
本发明的农药组合物含有至少一种选自(B1)、(B2)和(B3)的杀真菌化合物作为杀真菌活性成分(B),其中:
(B1)是至少一种式(III)的苯基酰胺(酰基丙氨酸型):
其中R1是甲基;R2在氨基的邻位且是甲基、乙基或氯;R7和R8独立地是氢或甲基;R’是甲基;Y是-OR4或-SR4,其中R4是甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、丁基、仲丁基或叔丁基;其对映异构体;以游离形式或盐的形式。
可用于本发明范围内的组合物和方法中的优选的式(III)苯基酰胺衍生物包括甲霜灵;由大于70重量%的R-对映体组成的甲霜灵;由大于85重量%的R-对映体组成的甲霜灵;由大于92重量%R-对映体组成的甲霜灵;由大于97重量%R-对映体组成的甲霜灵;和mefenoxam(即R-甲霜灵或甲霜灵-M)。
(B2)至少一种式(IV)的苯基吡咯:
其中X是氢或CO-R1,其中R1是未取代或被卤素或C1-C3烷氧基取代的C1-C6烷基;或者是C3-C6-烯基,C3-C6-炔基,或未取代或被卤素或C1-C3烷氧基取代的C1-C6烷氧基;或者是C3-C6-烯氧基或C3-C6-环烷基;以游离形式或盐的形式。
可用于本发明范围内的组合物和方法中的具体的苯基吡咯(IV)是咯菌腈。
(B3)至少一种甲氧基丙烯酸酯化合物,选自嘧菌酯,醚菌胺,氟嘧菌酯,醚菌酯,苯氧菌胺,肟醚菌胺,啶氧菌酯,唑菌胺酯和肟菌酯。
式(III)化合物是已知的,例如已知于US4151299;
式(IV)化合物是已知的,例如已知于US4705800;
咯菌腈已知于例如The Pesticide Manual,第11版(1997),TheBritish Crop Protection Council,London,第566页;
甲霜灵已知于例如The Pesticide Manual,第11版(1997),TheBritish Crop Protection Council,London,第792页;
R-甲霜灵(mefenoxam)已知于例如The Pesticide Manual,第11版(1997),The British Crop Protection Council,London,第794页;
嘧菌酯已知于例如The Pesticide Manual,第11版(1997),TheBritish Crop Protection Council,London,第70页;
醚菌胺已知于例如电子版The e-Pesticide Manual,3.0版本,第13版,编辑CDC Tomlin,British Crop Protection Council,2003-04,条目266;
氟嘧菌酯已知于例如电子版The e-Pesticide Manual,3.0版本,第13版,编辑CDC Tomlin,British Crop Protection Council,2003-04,条目382;
醚菌酯已知于例如电子版The e-Pesticide Manual,3.0版本,第13版,编辑CDC Tomlin,British Crop Protection Council,2003-04,条目485;
苯氧菌胺已知于例如电子版The e-Pesticide Manual,3.0版本,第13版,编辑CDC Tomlin,British Crop Protection Council,2003-04,条目551;
啶氧菌酯已知于例如电子版The e-Pesticide Manual,3.0版本,第13版,编辑CDC Tomlin,British Crop Protection Council,2003-04,条目647;
唑菌胺酯已知于例如电子版The e-Pesticide Manual,3.0版本,第13版,编辑CDC Tomlin,British Crop Protection Council,2003-04,条目690;和
肟菌酯已知于例如电子版The e-Pesticide Manual,3.0版本,第13版,编辑CDC Tomlin,British Crop Protection Council,2003-04,条目832。
活性成分组合
意外的是,现已发现至少一种杀线虫剂活性成分(A)与至少一种选自(B1)、(B2)和(B3)的杀真菌剂有效成分的组合当结合植物繁殖材料使用时产生了难以预期的对线虫和微生物如种传和土传真菌的增效作用和/或提供了其他无法预期的优点。用本发明组合物获得的活性的增加和/或其他有利的性能显著大于各单独成分的预期活性,即活性协同增强,这尤其扩展了化合物的杀虫活性的范围。
本发明的混合物特别适用于对植物繁殖材料拌药施用。后面的术语包含各类种子(果实,块茎,谷粒)、插枝、伐条等。种子是优选的。一个特别的应用领域是处理各类种子,特别是棉花、结果植物(包括西红柿和胡椒)、葫芦科植物(包括甜瓜、硬皮甜瓜、南瓜和黄瓜)的种子处理。
除了至少两成分的混合物外,本发明还涉及防治真菌和线虫的方法,包括用(1)至少一种杀线虫有效成分(A)和(2)至少一种杀真菌有效成分(B)以任何需要的顺序或同时处理被真菌和线虫感染或易于感染的位点,例如植物或植物繁殖材料(特别是种子)。
当三种杀真菌剂一起使用时,三种杀真菌活性成分的有利的混合重量比是(B1)∶(B2)∶(B3)=10∶1∶1至1∶1∶10和10∶1∶1至1∶10∶1。例如,1g∶2.5g∶1g有效成分/100kg种子或1g∶2.5g∶2.5g有效成分/100kg种子或1g∶2.5g∶5g有效成分/100kg种子或1g∶2.5g∶10g有效成分/100kg种子的比率是适宜的。
杀线虫活性成分通常以(A)∶(B)(其中(B)包括使用的(B1)、(B2)和/或(B3)的全部)为200∶1至2.5∶1的混合重量比施用。例如,在一个实施方案中,阿维菌素(A)以100g-400g有效成分/100kg种子的用量施用。作为具体的实例,阿维菌素以100g/100kg种子的用量施用;R-甲霜灵(B1)以7-10g有效成分/100kg种子的用量施用;咯菌腈(B2)以2-5g有效成分/100kg种子的用量施用,嘧菌酯(B3)以15-20g有效成分/100kg种子的用量施用。在一个实施方案中,阿维菌素以0.1-0.15mg/种子或特别是0.1mg/种子的用量施用。
特别是,现已意外地发现,例如与单独成分的农药活性相比,本发明组合物的农药活性不仅仅是如实质上可预期的加成,而是存在协同效应。然而,术语“协同”在本文中无论如何并不限于农药活性,而同样指本发明组合物与单独成分相比的其他有利性能。可提及的这种有利性能的实例是:拓宽对其他有害生物例如对抗药性品种的杀有害生物活性谱;降低有效成分的用量;借助于本发明的组合物充分防治有害生物,即使是在单独成分完全无效的用量下;配制制剂和/或施用过程中的有利性能,例如在粉碎、筛分、乳化、溶解或分散过程中的有利性能;提高储藏稳定性;改善光稳定性;更有利的可降解性;改善毒理学和/或生态毒理学性能;改善作物性能,包括:出苗、作物产量、植株生长个体数(stand)、更发达的根系、分蘖增加、植物高度的增加、更大的叶片、更少的死基生叶、更强的分蘖枝、更绿的叶色、需要更少的肥料、需要更少的种子、更多产的分蘖枝、较早开花、谷物早熟、 较少的植物节(倒伏)、增加发芽、增强植物长势和早发芽;或本领域技术人员熟知的任何其他优点。
本发明的种子处理组合物中使用的活性成分组合优选含有阿维菌素、R-甲霜灵、咯菌腈和嘧菌酯。
在一个实施方案中,将至少一种其他抗微生物活性物质(C)与至少两组分(A)和(B)的混合物一起使用以增大作用谱或获得特别的效果,例如降低杀真菌剂的用量,同时仍保持同样良好的杀真菌活性。适宜的另外的杀真菌剂种类包括三唑类,例如腈菌唑,其可以21-30g有效成分/100kg种子的用量使用。可提及的其他杀真菌剂包括三唑醇、苯噻硫氰、PCNB、萎锈灵和地茂散(Chloroneb)。
在另一实施方案中,将至少一种杀虫有效物质(D)与至少两组分(A)和(B)的混合物一起使用。适宜的杀虫剂种类包括新烟碱类如吡虫啉、噻虫胺和噻虫嗪。例如,以300-500g有效成分/100kg种子的用量施用噻虫嗪。
在一个实施方案中,本发明的种子处理组合物和方法与一种或多种叶片和/或犁沟杀虫剂和/或杀真菌剂处理相结合。适宜的杀虫剂包括例如(涕灭威),噻虫嗪,吡虫啉和噻虫胺。适宜的杀真菌剂包括甲霜灵,R-甲霜灵,甲氧基丙烯酸酯类如嘧菌酯,三唑类如腈菌唑,咯菌腈,三唑醇、苯噻硫氰、PCNB、萎锈灵和地茂散(Chloroneb)。
真菌有害生物
本发明的组合物对真菌特别有效,特别是属于藻菌类的卵菌纲真菌(例如疫霉属(phytophthora spp.)、霜霉属、假霜霉属、腐霉属[即终极腐霉(ultimum),瓜果腐霉,禾生腐霉,畸雌腐霉]或单轴霉属),担子菌纲(即柄锈菌属[隐匿柄锈菌,条形柄锈菌(striformis)和禾柄锈菌]),腥黑粉菌属[即小麦网腥黑粉菌和平伏小麦矮腥黑粉菌(contreversa)],黑粉菌属[即玉蜀黍黑粉菌,裸黑粉菌,大麦坚黑粉菌和燕麦散黑粉菌]),子囊菌纲(如赤霉属[即藤仓苗赤霉,Gibberellaroseum],小丛壳属[即棉小丛壳]),半知菌纲或半知菌型,如丝核菌属(即立枯丝核菌,Rhizoctoniacerealis和玉蜀黍丝核菌),镰孢属(即腐皮镰孢,尖镰孢,粉红镰孢,雪腐镰孢,串珠镰孢,Fusariumproliferatum,禾本科镰孢,Fusarium subglutinans),长蠕孢属(即稻长蠕孢,大麦网斑长蠕孢,禾长蠕孢和麦根腐长蠕孢),茎点霉属(即菾菜茎点霉,Phoma foveata和黑胫茎点霉),链格孢属(即马铃薯早疫病链格孢,大孢链格孢和链格孢),毛盘孢属(即禾生毛盘孢,Colletotrichum coccodes,Colletotrichum capsici,棉刺盘孢和平头刺盘孢),白粉菌属(即禾白粉菌和二孢白粉菌),顶囊壳属(即禾顶囊壳和Gaeumannomyces.graminis var.tritici),葡萄孢属(即灰葡萄孢),Pyricularia属(即灰梨孢和P.oryzae),尾孢属(即菾菜尾孢),Rhinosporium属(即R.Secalis),核腔菌属(即燕麦核腔菌),壳针孢属(即小麦壳针孢和燕麦壳针孢),Whetzelinia属(即W.sclerotiorum),Microdochium属,球腔菌属(即Mycosphaerellafigiensis),曲霉属(即黑曲霉和黄曲霉),尾孢属(即落花生尾孢和棉尾孢),麦角菌属,枝孢属(即多主枝孢),青霉属,盘多毛孢属,轮枝孢属(即大丽花轮枝孢),壳二孢属(即豌豆壳二孢和棉壳二孢),球座菌属(即葡萄球座菌),罗耳伏革菌,拟茎点霉属(即Phomopsisviticola),核盘菌属(即核盘菌和小核盘菌),小核盘菌,Coryneumcardinale,Acrostalagmus koningi,罗耳伏革菌,色二孢属(即蒂腐色二孢),芽孢状单孢枝霉,漆斑菌属(即疣孢漆斑菌),宛氏拟青霉,佐佐木薄膜革菌,Phellinus megaloporus,壳针孢属,小核菌属(即齐整小核菌),葡萄穗霉(stachybotrys),木霉属(即Trichodermapseudokoningi),根串珠霉和粉红单端孢。
本发明的组合物特别适用于减少性、预防性和治疗性保护植物繁殖材料对抗真菌和真菌病害,所述病害包括:通常是植物有机体和植物,特别是作物如棉花以及大豆和玉米的枯萎病(例如镰孢属、腐霉属、丝核菌属)、根腐病(例如腐霉属、镰孢属、赤霉属),和种子或土壤传播的黑胫病(Leptosphaeria maculans)。
线虫害虫
可用本发明的组合物防治的线虫纲的代表实例包括,例如:根结线虫,杆线虫和叶线虫;特别是异皮属,例如甜菜异皮线虫,燕麦异皮线虫和三叶草异皮线虫;纽带属,例如帽状纽带线虫和哥伦比亚纽带线虫;球异皮属,例如马铃薯金线虫;根结属,例如南方根结线虫和爪哇根结线虫;穿孔属,例如相似穿孔线虫;小盘旋属,例如肾形小盘旋线虫;短体属,例如落选短体线虫和穿刺短体线虫;小垫刃属,例如半穿刺线虫;刺属;长针属;毛刺属;剑线属;茎线属;滑刃属和瘿属;特别是根结属,例如南方根结线虫和异皮属,例如大豆异皮线虫。
目标作物
本发明范围内的目标作物是例如下列植物品种:甜菜(糖用甜菜和饲用甜菜),油料作物(低芥酸菜子,芸苔,芥菜籽,罂粟,橄榄,向日葵,椰子,蓖麻,可可豆,落花生和大豆)。还可以提及的是花生、小麦、高梁、棉花、谷物、大豆、烟草、油菜、卷心菜、洋葱和胡萝卜。
本发明范围内其他适宜的作物包括马铃薯、薄荷、饲料草和干草以及药草副类。
此外,应注意到列于40 CFR Sec.180.41(1995)的作物分类表中的作物。40 CFR Sec.180.41(1995)和the Federal Register:1995年5月17日(vol.60,no.95)pp.26625-26643由于其公开内容涉及有益作物,在此引用作为参考:
(1)作物类别5:芸薹(油菜)多叶蔬菜类,例如硬花甘蓝,花椰菜,卷心菜;和芥菜;
(2)作物类别9:葫芦蔬菜类,例如黄瓜,甜瓜,硬皮甜瓜,香瓜,南瓜,包括矮生西葫芦;
(3)作物类别11:梨果类,例如苹果和梨;
(4)作物类别15:禾谷类,例如谷物和稻。
还可提及的是结果植物类,例如西红柿和胡椒。
下列作物被认为是本发明的至少四组分杀虫组合物特别适合的目标作物:油料作物(低芥酸菜子,芸苔,芥菜籽,罂粟,橄榄,向日葵,椰子,蓖麻,可可豆,落花生)的植物繁殖材料(如种子)。
按照本发明处理的目标作物和种子包括常规的以及遗传增强的或遗传工程设计的品种,例如昆虫抗性的(例如Bt.和VIP品种)以及病害抗性的,除草剂耐药性的和线虫耐受性的品种。例如,适宜的遗传增强或工程设计的作物品种包括Stoneville 5599BR棉花和Stoneville 4892BR棉花品种。
种子处理
已证实本发明的农药组合物对保护种子,特别是棉花、结果植物包括西红柿和胡椒、葫芦科植物包括瓜类、有棱甜瓜、南瓜和黄瓜的种子特别有利。然而,本发明的组合物也适用于直接处理土壤或植物的其他部分。本发明的组合物被植物良好地耐受,并且是生态学可接受的。
本发明的主题也是一种保护植物的繁殖产物(植物繁殖材料)和由此得到的植物不受线虫和真菌病害的伤害的方法,其中所述繁殖产物用本发明的杀线虫、杀真菌和基本上无植物毒性的组合物涂覆。
本发明的至少二元农药组合物通常与制剂技术中的常规助剂一起使用。一般有效成分(A)和(B1)、(B2)和(B3)中至少一种的组合不仅可以组合物的形式施加到植物繁殖材料上,而且可以与其他化合物同时或顺序施加到种子或其繁殖地点(如犁沟)。这些其他的化合物可以是肥料或微量营养素供体或影响植物生长的其他制剂。也可以是选择性除草剂、杀虫剂、杀真菌剂、杀细菌剂、昆虫生长调节剂、植物生长调节剂、叶片或土壤施用的杀线虫剂、杀软体动物剂或数种这些制剂的混合物,需要时可连同制剂领域常用的其他载体、表面活性剂或施用促进助剂一起施用。此外,还可提及的是孕育剂、抛光剂和聚合物。
本发明还包括适用于防治种子上或内的线虫和真菌的农业组合物,该组合物基本是由本发明的至少二元农药组合物加适当的惰性表面活性剂或适当的惰性液体或固体载体组成。当在本文使用时,短语“基本由…组成”不排除其他活性农药物质或常规的制剂成分的存在。
有效成分(A)和(B1)、(B2)和(B3)中至少一种以已知的方式加工成,例如乳油、悬乳剂、可分散性糊剂、可直接喷洒或可稀释的溶液、稀乳剂、可湿性粉剂、可溶性粉剂、粉尘剂、颗粒剂、和包封在例如聚合物中或所谓的桶混物形式,桶混物是在施用前用水伴随稀释分别配制的成分来制备的。施用方法如喷洒、喷雾、雾化、撒施、刷涂或灌注,和组合物的特性相适应,以符合预期的目的和主要的环境。本发明组合物对于具体的目标线虫和各种病害状况的最佳用量可以通过在温室中或田间设置下简单的定向研究容易地确定,无需过度的实验。通常,有利的用量是每100kg欲保护的繁殖材料使用每种有效成分(B1)、(B2)和(B3)0.0005至不超过0.5kg,特别是0.001-0.02kg。关于有效成分(A),有利的用量是每100kg欲保护的繁殖材料使用0.005至不超过0.8kg,特别是0.01-0.5kg,更特别是0.1-0.4kg。然而,施用条件主要取决于材料的特性(表面积、稠度、含水量)和其环境因素。因此,本领域技术人员可根据他们的一般知识和适当时经过一些实验,在这些范围内选择无植物毒性,但从杀真菌和/或杀线虫的立场上有效的剂量。
术语“植物繁殖材料”应理解为表示植物的所有有生殖力的部分如可用于繁殖植物的种子,和营养体植物材料如插枝和块茎(例如马铃薯)。可提及例如种子(严格意义上的)、根、果实、块茎、球茎、根茎、植株部分。还可提及将在发芽或从土壤中出苗后被移植的发芽植物和幼苗。这些幼苗可在移植前通过完全或部分浸渍处理进行保护。
种子处理施用技术是本领域技术人员熟知的,并且可以在本发明范围内容易地使用。有效成分可加工成稀浆、固体种子涂覆料、浸泡液或种子表面上的粉尘或以上述形式施用。还可提及例如涂膜或包囊。包衣加工是本领域熟知的,采用涂膜或包囊技术处理种子,或采用浸渍技术处理其他繁殖产品。显然,化合物施用于种子的方法可变化,本发明旨在包括将使用的任何技术。
本发明混合物的优选施用方法是用液体制剂喷洒或润湿植物繁殖材料,或将植物繁殖材料与有效成分的固体制剂一起混合。
本发明的化合物可在拌种槽内配制或混合,或通过涂布与其他种子处理剂结合施用于种子上。与本发明的化合物混合的试剂可以是用于防治有害生物,改进生长、营养,或防治植物疾病的那些化合物。
制剂
制剂即含有有效成分(A)、(B1)、(B2)和(B3)以及适当时还有适宜的惰性固体或液体载体的组合物、制剂或混合物,是以已知的方式制备的,例如通过将有效成分和惰性的农业上可接受的填充剂,例如与固体或液体载体和适当时与表面活性化合物(表面活性剂)直接混合和/或研磨。这样的组合物可有利地配制成流动性组合物、悬浮剂、微悬浮剂、悬乳剂、可湿性粉剂、颗粒状浓缩物、微乳剂等,所有上述剂型都适用于进行种子处理施用并且提供所需的植物保护。
在本说明书中,术语“载体”表示天然的或合成的,有机的或无机的物质,活性物质与其结合以便利于其施用于植物、种子或土壤。因此这种载体通常是惰性的,并且必须是农业上可接受的,特别对于被处理的植物而言。该载体可以是固体(粘土、天然或合成的硅酸盐、二氧化硅、树脂、蜡、固体肥料等)或液体(水、醇类、酮类、石油馏分、芳香烃或链烷烃,氯代烃、液化气等)。
适宜的液体载体是:芳香烃,特别是C8-C12级分如混二甲苯或取代的萘,邻苯二甲酸酯如邻苯二甲酸二丁酯或二辛酯,脂族烃如环己烷或石蜡,醇类和二醇类及其醚和酯如乙二醇单甲醚,酮类如环己酮,强极性溶剂如N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮、二甲基亚砜或二甲基甲酰胺,和适当时,环氧化的植物油或豆油;或水。
可用于例如粉尘剂和可分散性粉剂的固体载体是方解石、滑石、高岭土、蒙脱土或硅镁土,高度分散的二氧化硅或有吸收力的聚合物。可用于颗粒剂的微粒吸收性载体是浮石、碎砖、海泡石或膨润土、蒙脱土型粘土,可能的非吸附性载体物质是方解石或白云石。
根据需配制的有效成分(A)、(B1)、(B2)和(B3)(无论是单独地或在各种排列和组合的任一种中)的特性,适宜的表面活性化合物是具有良好的乳化性、分散性和润湿性的非离子的、阳离子的和/或阴离子的表面活性剂。表面活性剂也可理解为表示表面活性剂的混合物。
制剂技术中常用的表面活性剂特别描述于下列出版物中:“McCutcheon’s Detergents and Emulsifiers Annual”,MC出版公司,Glen Rock,N.J.,1988。
M.and J.Ash,“Encyclopedia of Surfactants”,Vol.I-III,ChemicalPublishing Co.,纽约,1980-1981。
在适宜的表面活性剂中,可提及例如聚丙烯酸盐、木质素磺酸盐、苯酚磺酸盐或(单-或二-烷基)萘磺酸盐、十二烷基硫酸盐、环氧乙烷与木质素磺酸盐的缩聚物、环氧乙烷与脂肪醇或脂肪酸或脂肪胺的缩聚物、取代酚类(特别是烷基酚类或芳基酚类如单-或二-(聚氧化烯烷基苯酚)磷酸盐、聚氧化烯烷基苯酚羧酸盐或聚氧化烯烷基苯酚硫酸盐)、磺基丁二酸酯的盐、牛磺酸衍生物(特别是烷基氨基乙磺酸盐)、环氧乙烷与磷酸化的三苯乙烯苯酚的缩聚物和环氧乙烷与醇类和酚类的磷酸酯的缩聚物。通常需要存在至少一种表面活性剂,因为有效成分和/或惰性载体是不溶于水的,而施用的载体试剂是水。
此外,增强施用的特别有用的助剂是脑磷脂和卵磷脂系列的天然或合成的磷脂,例如磷脂酰乙醇胺、磷脂酰丝氨酸、磷脂酰甘油或溶血卵磷脂。
农业化学组合物通常含有:0.1-99%,特别是10-75%,更特别是20-60%的有效成分(A)、(B1)、(B2)和(B3);配方中的其余部分包括固体和/或液体载体(如水)与任选的表面活性剂和其他任选的本领域已知的惰性成分如保护胶体、粘合剂、增稠剂、触变剂、渗透剂、防腐剂、稳定剂、消泡剂、防冻剂、螯合剂、染料、颜料、着色剂和聚合物。
在一个实施方案中,商品优选配制成浓缩物,而最终用户一般使用稀释的制剂。
在一个具体实施方案中,含大环内酯化合物,特别是阿维菌素的制剂是含水悬浮剂,其包含至少两种表面活性化合物作为制剂助剂,其中(i)至少一种表面活性化合物的分子量小于2200,优选小于1700,如在400-1500范围内,有利的是在600-1200范围内,和亲水亲油平衡值(HLB)至少为10,优选在10-25的范围内,如12-20,优选14-18,和(ii)至少一种表面活性化合物是非离子的,分子量为至少2200,优选至少3000,如在3500-15000范围内,例如3500-10000,特别是4000-7500,有利的是4500-6000,其中化合物分子量的10-85%,如15-80%,优选14-50%由化合物的亲水部分提供,并且独立于亲水部分,化合物的疏水部分的分子量是2000-10000,优选2400-3900,更优选3000-3800,如3200-3700;只要表面活性化合物与大环内酯化合物的重量比在0.08-0.5范围内,优选0.1-0.3,有利的是0.15-0.25,并且(ii):(i)的重量比是至少0.5,如至少1.0,优选至少1.5,特别是在2-5范围内,有利的是在2-3范围内。有利的是在制剂中使用三种表面活性化合物:一种(i)和两种(ii)。适宜的表面活性化合物(i)的实例是离子的,有利的是阴离子的表面活性剂;如选自硫酸盐类(例如芳基硫酸盐)和磷酸盐类(如烷基酚聚烷氧基醚磷酸盐,聚烷氧基醚磷酸盐的嵌段共聚物、聚芳基酚聚烷氧基醚磷酸盐和芳基酚聚烷氧基醚磷酸盐),特别是磷酸盐类表面活性剂(如聚芳基酚聚烷氧基醚磷酸盐)。特别理想的是每个(i)表面活性化合物是相同类型的,优选的类型是磷酸盐类表面活性剂。适宜的阴离子表面活性剂的具体实例包括:Sorprophor PS19(Rhodia),Dowafax 30 C05(Dow),Soprophor4D384(Rhodia)和Soprophor 3D33(Rhodia)。适宜的表面活性化合物(ii)的实例是聚烯化氧聚合物,如嵌段聚合物。具体实例是聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯嵌段聚合物,和聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯嵌段聚合物醚,具体的实例包括Toximul 8320(Stepan),Emulsogen 3510(Clariant),AntaroxPL/122(Rhodia),Pluronic L101(BASF),Pluronic L122(BASF)和Pluronic PE 10500(BASF)。
在另一实施方案中,含大环内酯化合物,特别是阿维菌素的制剂是含水悬浮液,其含有至少两种表面活性化合物作为制剂助剂,其中(a)至少一种是阴离子磷酸盐类化合物,和(b)至少一种是非离子烷氧基化醇或酚。在一个实施方案中,(a)和(b)表面活性化合物的分子量彼此独立地是小于2200,优选小于1700,如在400-1500范围内,优选在600-1200范围内。(a)表面活性化合物优选具有至少10的亲水亲油平衡(HLB)值,优选在10-25范围内,如12-20,优选14-18;(b)表面活性化合物优选具有至少5的亲水亲油平衡(HLB),优选7-20,如10-15。表面活性化合物(a)与(b)的重量比通常在1∶10至10∶1范围内,优选5∶1至1∶1,特别是3∶1至1∶1。磷酸盐类表面活性剂的实例包括烷基酚聚烷氧基醚磷酸盐,聚烷氧基醚磷酸盐的嵌段共聚物,聚芳基酚聚烷氧基醚磷酸盐和芳基酚聚烷氧基醚磷酸盐。烷氧基化醇的实例包括烷氧基化醇(如烷氧基化油,醇中具有C5-C18碳原子的烷氧基化醇)。烷氧基化酚的实例包括烷基酚聚烷氧基醚和(聚)芳基酚聚烷氧基醚。优选(b)化合物是烷氧基化酚。适宜的阴离子表面活性剂的具体实例包括:Soprophor 3D33(Rhodia),Sorprophor PS19(Rhodia)和Dowafax 30 C05(Dow),以及非离子表面活性剂的具体实例包括:Synperonic NP(Uniqema),Soprophor BSU(Rhodia),RhodasurfBC-610(Rhodia),Toximul 8240(Stepan)和Synperonic 91/4(Uniqema)。
阴离子表面活性剂可作为酸存在或包括碱金属(如锂,钠和钾),碱土金属(如钙和镁),铵和各种胺(如烷基胺,环烷基胺和烷醇胺)。
亲水亲油平衡(HLB)值是由Griffin提出的化合物的亲水性的指数。聚氧乙烯烷基醚的HLB值可通过例如Griffin方程确定。
HLB值=[(亲水部分的分子量/表面活性化合物的分子量)]×20
基团例如硫酸盐和磷酸盐离子也影响HLB值。
下列实施例旨在说明本发明而非对其的限制。
制剂实施例(%=重量百分比)
实施例1
制备阿维菌素制剂是通过将表面活性剂、增稠剂、聚合物、悬浮助剂、消泡剂、防腐剂和防冻剂与水混合直至获得均相。随后,添加阿维菌素并混合。然后将所得混合物通过所谓的珠磨(例如Dyno,Drais,Premier)进行湿磨。通过设置研磨参数以使所得研碎的预混物的平均粒径在规格范围内(通常中值粒径平均最大2.0微米)。最后,加入缓冲剂(如果有的话)和少量的水,并将终产物混合至少30分钟。
实施例2
此制剂适合固体和液体活性成分的混合物,如(B1)、(B2)和(B3)的混合物。将固体活性成分与一部分乳化剂和水充分混合,将混合物在适宜的磨中充分研磨。将另一部分乳化剂和水与液体活性成分混合。将两种混合物连同制剂中使用的所有其他惰性成分(如颜料、增稠剂等)一起合并。
实施例3-桶混种子处理制剂的制备
在稀浆中,将实施例1和2的种子处理组合物与下列现成的种子处理产品:5FS(噻虫嗪)和40WP(腈菌唑)以足以获得100g有效成分/100kg种子(实施例1):25g有效成分/100kg种子(实施例2):21g有效成分/100kg种子(腈菌唑)和30g有效成分/100000种子(噻虫嗪)的有效成分浓度的量结合。最终合并的组合物适宜通过喷雾、润湿或在容器中混合施用到种子,以200ml-3L体积最终的合并组合物/100kg种子的量。通过旋转和/或振摇容器将活性成分均匀地分布到种子表面上。
用实施例3的制剂拌种的棉花种子未观察到植物毒性。实现了对病害和有害线虫的适当防治。
实施例4-生物实施例
介绍:
对病害防治产品作为种子处理的性能评价可包括:季节早期(直至种植后四周)的作物发芽、植株生长个体数和长势等级,和季节末期的产量。“根据在发芽后适当的时间记录的存活和死亡的籽苗数能容易地确定更有效的杀真菌剂处理”(Minton等,第252-255页,Methodsof evaluating pesticides,编辑K.D.Hickey,APS出版,1986)。
在确定线虫种群对防治剂的反应时最重要的考虑事项是收集、加工和评价代表性的土壤或根样本或二者(Barker等,第283-296页,Methods of evaluating pesticides,编辑K.D.Hickey,APS出版,1986)。Barker等人未报道线虫影响籽苗的植株生长个体数。
此实施例比较了种子处理杀真菌剂的三元混合物的效力:mefanoxam(CAS号70630-17-0)以3.32%,咯菌腈(CAS号131341-86-1)以1.11%,和嘧菌酯(CAS号131860-33-8)以6.64%结合阿维菌素(CAS号65195-56-4和65195-55-3)施用,用作种子处理剂以防治土传病害。据报道阿维菌素无抗细菌或抗真菌活性(Burg等,第24-32页的表2.3和2.4,Ivermectin and Abamectin,编辑W.C.Campbell,Springer-Verlag,1989)。
防治-(用杀真菌剂和杀虫剂(非杀线虫剂)处理种子)
(a)将25g有效成分/100kg种子的用量的上述比率的mefanoxam、咯菌腈和嘧菌酯的三元杀真菌混合物与21g有效成分/100kg种子用量的杀真菌剂(腈菌唑)(CAS号88671-89-0)一起施用。
杀虫剂噻虫嗪(CAS号153719-23-4)也以0.30mg/单个种子的量包含在稀浆中,使用水作为载体。在室温下,于Hege种子处理器内,将此制剂稀释液施用到大约1kg棉种上,持续1-2分钟。将处理过的种子风干,然后在种植前装运和储藏大约2周。
阿维菌素处理的种子
(b)通过按100g有效成分/100kg棉种的比率稀释含有46.3%阿维菌素的Abamectin 500FS种子处理剂制备阿维菌素种子处理制剂。向此制剂中加入在作为载体的水中的所述用量的上述四种种子处理杀菌剂和杀虫剂噻虫嗪。在室温下,于Hege种子处理器内,将此制剂稀释液施用到大约1kg棉种上,持续1-2分钟。将处理过的种子风干,在种植前于室温下装运和储藏(大约2周)。
(c)用于Temik(涕灭威)(CAS号116-06-3)试验区的棉种也接受相同的种子处理杀菌剂三元混合物(mefanoxam+咯菌腈+嘧菌酯),用量是25g有效成分/100kg种子。将此种子以如(a)和(b)所述相同的方式进行处理和装运。Temik 15G按照商业标签上的说明以5.6kg/公顷的用量施用。
在穿过使用常规生产过程的产棉区的七个位置进行试验。即,采用随机化完整区组试验设计,在36英寸苗行中以4颗种子/英尺苗行的比率播种种子。试验地点选择具有已知的线虫种群(根结和肾形)和真菌病原体(腐霉属、丝核菌属和根串珠霉属)的位置。
下列植株生长个体数数据取自这些试验。试验间植株生长个体数的变化是由于记录方法,每x英尺苗行/每试验区/每英亩造成的。
表1.以活植株数记录的植株生长个体数
数据显示,当在线虫和病害存在下,将阿维菌素和某种杀真菌混合物作为种子处理施用时,可改善由于病害造成的植株生长个体数损失。
总之,可见本发明提供了一种新的至少二元的农药组合物,用于保护植物繁殖材料。对比例、步骤和材料进行的改变不背离如下列权利要求所定义的本发明的范围。
Claims (9)
1.农药组合物,含有:
(A)杀线虫有效量的阿维菌素;和
(B)杀真菌有效量的(B1)选自甲霜灵和精甲霜灵的化合物、B(2)咯菌腈和(B3)选自嘧菌酯、醚菌胺、氟嘧菌酯、醚菌酯、苯氧菌胺、肟醚菌胺、啶氧菌酯、唑菌胺酯和肟菌酯的化合物;其中活性成分(A)∶(B1)∶(B2)∶(B3)的比率是100-400g∶7-10g∶2-5g∶15-20g/100kg种子。
2.根据权利要求1的组合物,含有:
(A)杀线虫有效量的阿维菌素;和
(B)杀真菌有效量的(B1)精甲霜灵、(B2)咯菌腈和(B3)嘧菌酯。
3.根据权利要求1的组合物,其中活性成分(A)∶(B1)∶(B2)∶(B3)的比率是100g∶7.5g∶2.5g∶15g/100kg种子。
4.根据权利要求1或2的组合物,其还含有杀真菌有效量的(C)腈菌唑。
5.根据权利要求1或2的组合物,其还含有杀虫有效量的(D)新烟碱化合物。
6.一种保护植物繁殖材料免于线虫和植物致病性真菌侵袭的方法,包括用杀有害生物有效量的根据权利要求1-5任一项所述的组合物处理所述植物繁殖材料。
7.根据权利要求6的方法,其中所述植物繁殖材料是选自棉花、西红柿、胡椒、甜瓜、南瓜和黄瓜的植物种子。
8.根据权利要求7的方法,其中所述甜瓜是硬皮甜瓜。
9.一种改善植物的植株生长个体数的方法,该方法包括用杀有害生物有效量的根据权利要求1-5任一项所述的组合物处理所述植物的繁殖材料。
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CN106070260B (zh) * | 2016-06-21 | 2021-05-11 | 佛山市盈辉作物科学有限公司 | 一种含阿维菌素和咯菌腈的农药组合物 |
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