CN1838872B - Plant cultivating base body and method of manufacturing the same - Google Patents
Plant cultivating base body and method of manufacturing the same Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1838872B CN1838872B CN2004800239163A CN200480023916A CN1838872B CN 1838872 B CN1838872 B CN 1838872B CN 2004800239163 A CN2004800239163 A CN 2004800239163A CN 200480023916 A CN200480023916 A CN 200480023916A CN 1838872 B CN1838872 B CN 1838872B
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- base body
- plant cultivating
- cultivating base
- packing material
- water
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Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/30—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing synthetic organic compounds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G27/00—Self-acting watering devices, e.g. for flower-pots
- A01G27/02—Self-acting watering devices, e.g. for flower-pots having a water reservoir, the main part thereof being located wholly around or directly beside the growth substrate
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
- A01G31/02—Special apparatus therefor
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/006—Labels or label holders specially adapted for plant receptacles
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/08—Processes
- C08G18/10—Prepolymer processes involving reaction of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen in a first reaction step
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/14—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing organic compounds only
- C09K17/18—Prepolymers; Macromolecular compounds
- C09K17/30—Polyisocyanates; Polyurethanes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/40—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing mixtures of inorganic and organic compounds
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Cultivation Receptacles Or Flower-Pots, Or Pots For Seedlings (AREA)
- Polyurethanes Or Polyureas (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
Provided is a plant cultivating substrate which satisfies e.g. the water absorptivity required for plant cultivation, shape retentivity and flexibility and a method of manufacture thereof. In the plant cultivating substrate and the method of its manufacture, at least water-retentive filling material, water, urethane prepolymer and polyol are reacted with each other.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to be used for as common soil sub, come artificial plant cultivating base body and the manufacture method thereof of cultivated plant by the root that encases plant.
Background technology
Manufacture method as such plant cultivating base body, in the prior art, known the whole bag of tricks is: make a spot of polyurethane prepolymer is scattered in material in water or the solvent with respect to moisture capacity packing material hybrid reactions such as bark compost and rice husk compost and solidify the method make, make the suspension reaction that comprises moisture capacity packing material, water and polyurethane prepolymer, solidify (for example, with reference to the patent documentations 1 and 2) such as methods made.
Moreover, also known following method: be pre-mixed moisture capacity packing material and polyurethane prepolymer, and a spot of water of adding makes its reaction, solidifies and make (for example, with reference to patent documentation 3) in its mixture.
Patent documentation 1: special public clear 56-18165 communique
Patent documentation 2: the spy opens flat 2-20221 communique
Patent documentation 3: the spy opens the 2002-165520 communique
Yet, in comprising the existing known manufacture method of above-mentioned patent documentation 1～3 described method, remove a spot of various additives such as surfactant, be mixed in the host of moisture capacity packing material, mainly be limited to polyurethane prepolymer, not necessarily can make as the plant cultivation matrix that can satisfy, the leeway of improvement is arranged in this.
That is,, see from the easy to handle viewpoint to require conformality for plant cultivating base body, moreover, mashed and realize that good cultivation needs suitable water imbibition for the root-rot that prevents plant, and then in order suitably to keep air also to need suitable softness (nerve).And then, also need to be suitable for the hardness that the root of plant fully extends.In existing manufacture method, make the plant cultivating base bodies that satisfy these whole requirements and have any problem.
For example, in above-mentioned patent documentation 1～3 described method, because polyurethane prepolymer has the upper limit with respect to the amount of moisture capacity packing material, so the ratio of the moisture capacity packing material of the culture substrate that obtains is, weight ratio 90-99% (patent documentation 1), weight ratio 70～99% (patent documentation 2), weight ratio 50～85% (patent documentation 3) etc., more.
In one in above-mentioned patent documentation,, can enumerate plant cultivating base body itself and become too hard, thus, put down in writing " the elongation resistance of plant roots become big and bring bad influence " to cultivation as the reason of the amount capping value of polyurethane prepolymer.On the other hand, if opposite, then there is following problem in polyurethane prepolymer very little: can not keep the necessary conformality of plant cultivating base body, when gripping with hand, packing material drops one after another, and broken opening also left the leeway of improvement in this.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is conceived to such existing issue, and its purpose is to provide a kind of plant cultivating base body and manufacture method thereof that has both the required water imbibition of plant cultivation, conformality, softness (nerve) and hardness.
The 1st feature formation of the present invention is the plant cultivating base body that moisture capacity packing material, water, polyurethane prepolymer and polyol reaction are formed.
The 2nd feature formation of the present invention is that the ratio of the moisture capacity packing material of drying regime is a weight ratio 15～60%.
The 3rd feature formation of the present invention is that above-mentioned polyalcohol is the polyalcohol that contains ester group.
The 4th feature formation of the present invention is, make in the plant cultivating base body manufacture method of plant cultivating base body making the suspension that comprises moisture capacity packing material, water and polyurethane prepolymer react, solidify, above-mentioned suspension comprises polyalcohol, modulate so that the ratio of the moisture capacity packing material of drying regime is a weight ratio 15～60%, the suspension reaction, the curing that comprise this polyalcohol are made.
The 5th feature formation of the present invention is that with respect to the moisture capacity packing material 100 weight portions of drying regime, the polyalcohol amount is the scope of 0.1～300 weight portion.
The 6th feature formation of the present invention is, comprise the 1st operation and the 2nd operation, the reaction of the 2nd suspension, the curing made by above-mentioned the 2nd operation are made, described the 1st operation mixes above-mentioned moisture capacity packing material and water and makes the 1st suspension, described the 2nd operation is added above-mentioned polyurethane prepolymer and polyalcohol in the 1st suspension of being made by its 1st operation, and mixes and make the 2nd suspension.
The 7th feature formation of the present invention is, above-mentioned suspension is solidified in the matrix molding die make.
The 8th feature of the present invention constitutes and is, the mode that is positioned at the bottom surface side of above-mentioned matrix molding die with the upper surface side of above-mentioned plant cultivating base body is solidified and made.
The 9th feature formation of the present invention is, above-mentioned moisture capacity packing material comprises from peat moss, コ コ ピ-ト (cocopeat), sawdust, cocoa husk, rice husk, rice husk compost, bark compost, nacrite (perlite), sole of the foot stone, at least a packing material of selecting during the hydrophilic foam resin-oatmeal minces.
The 10th feature formation of the present invention is that for utilizing the plant cultivating base body that constitutes the manufacture method manufacturing of record as arbitrary feature of the above-mentioned the 4th to the 9th, water absorption rate is 25～75%, and hardness is 20～40N, and recuperability is 4～10N.
Constitute according to the 1st feature of the present invention, by making moisture capacity packing material, water, polyurethane prepolymer and polyol reaction at least, can obtain to have both simultaneously the new plant culture substrate of the suitable water imbibition of plant cultivation, conformality, softness (nerve) etc.
Constitute according to the 2nd feature of the present invention, when the plant cultivating base body that moisture capacity packing material, water, polyurethane prepolymer and polyol reaction are formed, making the ratio of the moisture capacity packing material of drying regime by adjustment is weight ratio 15～60%, can obtain to have both simultaneously the new plant culture substrate of the suitable water imbibition of plant cultivation, conformality, softness (nerve), hardness etc.
Constitute according to the 3rd feature of the present invention, the polyalcohol that contains ester group by use can more effectively obtain to have both the new plant culture substrate of suitable water imbibition, conformality, softness (nerve) and hardness of plant cultivation as the polyalcohol that adds.
Constitute according to the 4th feature of the present invention, make the suspension that comprises moisture capacity packing material, water and polyurethane prepolymer react, solidify in the manufacture method of the plant cultivating base body of making plant cultivating base body, reaction, the suspension that solidifies comprise polyalcohol, the ratio of modulating the moisture capacity packing material that makes drying regime in addition is a weight ratio 15～60%, can make the plant cultivating base body that has both suitable water imbibition, conformality, softness (nerve) and hardness of plant cultivation.
Promptly, as described later experimental result clear and definite shown in, present inventors carry out various result of experiment, make the suspension reaction that comprises moisture capacity packing material, water and polyurethane prepolymer, when solidifying, if comprise polyalcohol in its suspension, then obtain following new knowledge: the hardness of the plant cultivating base body of manufacturing reduces, and conformality improves, and water imbibition significantly improves.
In addition, based on its new knowledge and then repeat various result of experiment and be, even, for example in order to keep the necessary conformality of plant cultivating base body, make and compare extremely many with existing method with respect to the amount of the polyurethane prepolymer of moisture capacity packing material, as long as add an amount of polyalcohol, can not become really up to the mark and the elongation obstruction root yet, moreover, also can guarantee water imbibition, nerve, its result is, can obtain to have both the plant cultivating base body of hardness of the root elongation of water imbibition, conformality, softness (nerve) and suitable plant.
Constitute according to the 5th feature of the present invention, because moisture capacity packing material 100 weight portions with respect to drying regime, the polyalcohol amount is the scope of 0.1～300 weight portion, so can be manufactured on all excellent more plant cultivating base body in whole aspects of above-mentioned water imbibition, conformality, softness (nerve) and hardness reliably.In addition,, and do not mean that moisture capacity packing material drying used as manufacture method, and only narration with the moisture capacity packing material 100 weight portions of force drying addition as the polyalcohol of benchmark.
Constitute according to the 6th feature of the present invention, at first, in the 1st operation, make the 1st suspension because moisture capacity packing material and water mixed, so in its 1st suspension, the moisture capacity packing material can be preserved the moisture of q.s.
In addition, in ensuing the 2nd operation, owing in the 1st suspension, add polyurethane prepolymer and polyalcohol, and mix and make the 2nd suspension, thereafter, make the reaction of the 2nd suspension, solidify, so the water around the moisture capacity packing material helps to solidify, its result is, organizing of plant cultivating base body is homogenized, can be manufactured on the necessary water imbibition of cultivation of plants, conformality, and then, the plant cultivating base body that softness (nerve) and the whole aspects of hardness all possess substantially equably.
Constitute according to the 7th feature of the present invention, make because suspension is solidified in the matrix molding die, so produce the plant cultivating base body of desirable shape easily.
Constitute according to the 8th feature of the present invention, because solidifying, the mode that is positioned at the bottom surface side of matrix molding die with the upper surface side of plant cultivating base body makes, so the upper surface of plant cultivating base body is made by bonnily, for example, view and admire under the situation that the container of planting with plant uses plant cultivating base body being accommodated in be used for planting, the beauty commodity value improves thereby the upper surface of heaving in sight becomes, and then, upper surface at plant cultivating base body forms under the situation of the joint-cutting of transplanting usefulness, easily joint-cutting.
According to the 9th feature of the present invention, because the moisture capacity packing material comprises from peat moss, コ コ ピ～ト, sawdust, cocoa husk, rice husk, the rice husk compost, the bark compost, nacrite, sole of the foot stone, at least a packing material of selecting during the hydrophilic foam resin-oatmeal minces, so can guarantee the water imbibition that plant cultivation is required, moreover, by suitably selections such as kind according to the plant that becomes the cultivation object, perhaps selecting a plurality of kinds also to mix in the proper ratio in the packing material from be included in above-mentioned group uses, both can keep the required water imbibition of plant that becomes the cultivation object, can realize again that the cost of manufacturing expense descended.
According to the 10th feature of the present invention, serve as reasons and constitute the plant cultivating base body of the manufacture method manufacturing of record as arbitrary feature of the above-mentioned the 4th to the 9th, because water absorption rate is 25～75%, hardness is 20～40N, recuperability is 4～10N, so become plant cultivating base body all excellent aspect above-mentioned water imbibition, conformality, softness (nerve) and hardness.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the stereogram that the formula of the floating plant feed unit of plant cultivating base body is used in expression.
Fig. 2 is the cutaway view that the formula of the floating plant feed unit of plant cultivating base body is used in expression.
Fig. 3 is the chart of the experimental result of expression plant cultivating base body.
Fig. 4 is the chart of the experimental result of expression plant cultivating base body.
Reference numeral
1 plant cultivating base body
2 containers of planting
3 water containers
4 apparatus of planting
The P plant
W stores water
Embodiment
About the manufacture method of plant cultivating base body according to the present invention and this plant cultivating base body, Yi Bian with reference to accompanying drawing and experimental result its embodiment is described on one side.
This plant cultivating base body, for example can be used for the plant feed unit of planting on the water while the container of planting is floated, this formula plant feed unit of floating, as depicted in figs. 1 and 2, possess the container 2 of planting of taking in plant cultivating base body 1, store the water container 3 of the water W that plants and keep the apparatus 4 etc. of planting of the posture of floating of the container 2 of planting, thereby cultivate the plant P that is planted in the plant cultivating base body 1.
The container 2 of planting is floated near the water surface of the water W that stores, has formed the round-ended cylinder shape by for example hollow resin littler than water proportion etc., and connects in an approximate vertical direction near its bottom centre and form immersion hole 2a.
The apparatus 4 of planting for even plant P growth center of gravity is moved upward, is also kept the parts that the posture of the container 2 of planting shown in Fig. 1,2 is used, and in other words, is used to prevent that plant P from falling down.Amount to 4 postures and keep and use fastener 4a from the last ora terminalis of the apparatus 4 of planting outstanding setting that outwards be inclined upwardly.Apparatus 4 is accommodated in and carries out mounting in the water container 3 if will plant, then these fasteners 4a card ends the edge of opening at water container 3, thus, apparatus 4 its rising woods of planting remain on the approximate horizontal position, simultaneously, between the bottom surface of the bottom surface of the apparatus 4 of planting and water container 3, be formed with the space that holds water W.In addition, in the perimembranous and the bottom of planting apparatus 4, the limbers 4b that allows water W to flow through is set.The demonstration apparatus 6 of the kind name that shows plant P etc. is installed via chain 5 on a fastener 4a in addition.
According to this formula plant feed unit of floating, float in storing water W by making the container 2 of planting, store water W and be supplied to plant cultivating base body 1 all the time, thereby promote to be planted in the growth of the plant P in the plant cultivating base body 1 via immersion hole 2a.In addition, if plant P grows and quality is increased, then follow in this and plant container 2 with respect to the amount of the sinking to increase that stores water W, therefore more water W can be supplied with plant cultivating base body 1, as a result, supply with all the time and the growth rate of the plant P at that time water W of the weighing P that cultivates plants mutually.
In addition because the correct posture of floating the container 2 of planting on water W of keeping of the apparatus 4 of planting, so even plant P growth, center of gravity upward or the side move, the posture of floating of the container 2 of planting is also stably kept, thereby prevents that plant P from falling down.
According to plant cultivating base body 1 of the present invention, by being solidified, makes the suspension that comprises moisture capacity packing material, water and polyurethane prepolymer, it is characterized in that above-mentioned suspension comprises polyalcohol.
Plant cultivating base body of the present invention makes moisture capacity packing material, water, polyurethane prepolymer and polyol reaction at least, and the ratio of the moisture capacity packing material of drying regime is weight ratio 15～60% (15～60 weight %).
In addition, the ratio of above-mentioned moisture capacity packing material is the value of being calculated by the following formula (the arbitrary addition in the formula all is a weight portion) of the weight of the water that does not comprise interpolation in the denominator.Moreover, in the present embodiment, calculate moisture capacity packing material with the natural water-bearing state be benchmark saturation state the moisture capacity packing material ratio and be two ratios of ratio of moisture capacity packing material of the drying regime of benchmark with the moisture capacity packing material behind the forced dehydration.When reality is made plant cultivating base body 1, use moisture capacity packing material by the natural water-bearing state of paying with the dealer.
The ratio (%) of (formula 1) moisture capacity packing material={ moisture capacity packing material addition/(moisture capacity packing material addition+polyurethane prepolymer addition+polyalcohol addition) } * 100
In the present invention,, can reduce the hardness of the plant cultivating base body that obtains, can also improve conformality, and can significantly improve water absorption rate by adding polyalcohol.
By calculate the ratio of the moisture capacity packing material of plant cultivating base body based on the moisture capacity packing material of drying regime, and it is made as weight ratio 15～60%, the application's purpose is to provide and has both suitable softness (nerve), hardness, conformality and absorptive plant cultivating base body.
Promptly, this be because, under the situation of ratio less than weight ratio 15% of the moisture capacity packing material of drying regime, the moisture capacity packing material is very few relatively, for improve water imbibition need a large amount of polyalcohols or, become the stronger material of the distinctive elastic performance of polyurethane foam (recuperability).Moreover, if weight ratio surpasses 60%, conformality variation then.
Kind as the moisture capacity packing material, so long as the kind that can keep the root of plant P to absorb the state of moisture easily just can be used, for example, can use the material that constitutes by vegetative fiber from the impurity of squeezing out that comprises picture peat moss, コ コ ピ-ト (cocoanut fiber), sawdust, cocoa husk, rice husk, rice husk compost, bark compost, sphagna, coffee etc., one or more packing materials of selecting in the group that inorganic substances that image-stone suede, nacrite, sole of the foot stone are such and hydrophilic foam resin-oatmeal mince.
In these packing materials, especially, when foaming, obtain uniform tissue easily from possessing the smaller and favorable dispersibility of excellent moisture capacity, bulk density, and obtain these aspects easily and consider, preferably use one or more packing materials of from peat moss, コ コ ピ-ト, sawdust, cocoa husk, rice husk, rice husk compost, bark compost, nacrite, sole of the foot stone, hydrophilic foam resin-oatmeal mince, selecting.
Specifically polyurethane prepolymer, is the compound that isocyanic acid compound and polyol reaction are obtained for having the polyurethane prepolymer of isocyanate group endways.
As the isocyanic acid compound, consider from viewpoint according to the processing of viscosity, be preferably toluene di-isocyanate(TDI).
As polyalcohol,, be preferably the more polyalcohol of ethylene oxide content in order to improve the reactivity of polyurethane prepolymer and water.Moreover, also can select molecular weight 2 kind or more the polyalcohol different to mix and use with functional group's number or ethylene oxide content.But, because the danger that exists the water imbibition of plant cultivating base body to reduce, so preferably be not polyalcohol with hydrophobicity base.
Manufacturing for example has following the 1st～3rd kind of method according to the method for plant cultivating base body of the present invention.
(method 1)
After being dispersed in polyurethane prepolymer in the water, mixing moisture capacity packing material and polyalcohol and make the method for its curing.
(method 2)
After moisture capacity packing material and polyurethane prepolymer were mixed, mixing water and polyalcohol also made the method for its curing.
(method 3)
Moisture capacity packing material and water mixed to stir make suspension, and be blended in polyurethane prepolymer and polyalcohol in its suspension and make the method for its curing.
Method 1 is evenly mixed becoming difficulty with the moisture capacity packing material, so there is the tendency that limits the polyurethane prepolymer that uses owing to the level of activity according to the water yield or polyurethane prepolymer becomes the water pasty state.
Method 2 needs special stirring for moisture capacity packing material and polyurethane prepolymer are mixed, moreover, all covered around the moisture capacity packing material by resin, there is firmly the possibility of the degree that can not extend to the root of plant.
Promptly, method 3 is characterised in that, comprise the 1st operation and the 2nd operation, wherein, the 1st operation mixes moisture capacity packing material and water and makes the 1st suspension, the 2nd operation is added polyurethane prepolymer and polyalcohol in the 1st suspension that utilizes the 1st operation to make, and mixes and make the 2nd suspension; The 2nd suspension of being made by its 2nd operation is solidified to be made.
According to this method 3, in the 1st operation, water soaks the moisture capacity packing material in the water that keeps q.s.In addition, in ensuing the 2nd operation, owing to add polyurethane prepolymer and polyalcohol in the 1st suspension that in the 1st operation, obtains, and mix, so water around the moisture capacity packing material and polyurethane prepolymer reaction, not only plant cultivating base body organize homogenized, can also be by the interpolation of polyalcohol, make the plant cultivating base body that possesses the necessary water imbibition of plant cultivation, conformality, softness (nerve) and hardness.
In addition, under the more situation of the addition of polyalcohol, can at first add polyalcohol, and mix, thereafter, add polyurethane prepolymer and mix as the 2nd suspension to the 1st suspension.
Under the situation that adopts above-mentioned the 1st～the 3rd any method, finally all solidify and make plant cultivating base body by section (slab) mode or molding mode.
Slicing mode is with the method for reacting, being cured as broad width and thick plate-like bigger piece (section) shape continuous than length, and this piece severing that curing obtains is made plant cultivating base body for the shape of regulation.
Molding mode, the matrix shaping that is to use the matrix that has only counterdie to be shaped to constitute with mould or by upper die and lower die is with mould and in the method for its mould internal reaction, curing.Molding mode because hardly need severing after curing, moreover, also not when severing the moisture capacity packing material from the broken worry of opening of its cutting surface, so more have superiority than slicing mode.
And then under the situation that adopts molding mode, the mode that best upper surface side with plant cultivating base body is positioned at the bottom surface side of counterdie is solidified.
Promptly, have only the matrix of counterdie to be shaped in use with under the situation of mould, above the plant cultivating base body that obtains by curing, form the membranaceous cured layer that is called the top layer, moreover, using the matrix that is made of upper die and lower die to be shaped with under the situation of mould, a part of raw material and reacting gas flow out and curing from the air vent that is arranged at patrix together.Therefore, under the situation of using arbitrary types of molds, upper surface side all is difficult to be made into beauty and level and smooth surface.
Be directed to this, because under the situation of the mould (molding) that uses arbitrary type, bottom side all is made into beauty and level and smooth surface, solidify so be positioned at the mode of the bottom surface side of counterdie by upper surface side with plant cultivating base body, can bonnily the processing plant cultivating base body upper surface and realize the raising of commodity value.Moreover, if be positioned at the mode of the bottom surface side of counterdie solidifies with the upper surface side of plant cultivating base body, then under the situation of the joint-cutting that the upper surface formation plant transplanting of the plant cultivating base body that completes is used, owing to do not form the top layer, so can be easily and joint-cutting well at the upper surface of plant cultivating base body yet.
Next, describe about polyurethane prepolymer and polyalcohol blending ratio with respect to the moisture capacity packing material.
Carry out various result of experiment, judgement is as the addition of polyurethane prepolymer, ratio at the moisture capacity packing material of drying regime is in the scope of weight ratio 15～60%, preferably adds about 50～300 weight portions with respect to the moisture capacity packing material 100 weight portions of drying regime.Be judged to be especially, select to have add back 30 minutes with internal reaction, solidify the reactive polyurethane prepolymer that finishes, 100 weight portions with respect to the moisture capacity packing material of drying regime preferably use the addition about 120～200 weight portions.
In addition, if polyurethane prepolymer less than 50 weight portions, then plant cultivating base body is easily numerous and confused broken and make conformality bad.Secondly, if polyurethane prepolymer surpasses 300 weight portions, then, make the water imbibition of the culture substrate that obtains bad because the ratio of moisture capacity packing material reduces relatively.Moreover if polyurethane prepolymer surpasses 300 weight portions, then mechanical strength of resin strengthens, and perhaps becomes higher, the high anti-flexible polyurethane foam of elasticity, because its elasticity, the root of plant is difficult for stretching and can not obtains good cultivation result.
Next, about the addition of polyalcohol,, be preferably in the scope of 0.1～300 weight portion with respect to 100 weight portions of the moisture capacity packing material of drying regime.If in this scope, water absorption rate that then can free controlling plant culture substrate.In addition, if the addition of judging polyalcohol less than 0.1 weight portion, then can not look to water absorption rate to rise, if the 300 weight portion of surpassing, even would suppose that then continuing to add water absorption rate also changes hardly.
Moreover, though do not limit the addition of water especially,, be preferably in the scope of 80～2000 weight portions with respect to 100 weight portions of the moisture capacity packing material of drying regime, special, 300～1500 weight portions are more excellent.
At this, 100 weight portions with the moisture capacity packing material of drying regime are datum quantity, addition to polyurethane prepolymer, polyalcohol and water is illustrated, but as mentioned above, as manufacture method and do not mean that moisture capacity packing material drying is used.
Moreover, adopt manufacture method of the present invention, also can use moisture capacity packing material filler in addition, for example, fertilizer, antibacterial agent, pigment, surfactant, surfactant etc. are used for the existing known additive that polyurethane foam is made.
Next, describe about the physical property of the plant cultivating base body made by such manufacturing method according to the invention and the result of study of carrying out from every side.
As mentioned above, the water absorption rate of plant cultivating base body of the present invention is proportional to the polyalcohol addition and uprises thereupon.That is, if other raw material additions necessarily and only change the addition of polyalcohol, value that then can the free adjustment water absorption rate.By selecting the value of this water absorption rate,,, can simply tackle to plant cultivating base body that is used for the so special cultivation method of hydroponics etc. from being used for the plant cultivating base body of common cultivation method.
As the standard of water absorption rate, in common cultivation method, water absorption rate can be 50%～75%, in the such special cultivation method of hydroponics, can be 25%～55%.
That is, according to the present invention, if owing to only change the addition of polyalcohol, water absorption rate that then can free controlling plant culture substrate is so can make the plant cultivating base body with suitable water absorption rate easily according to the plant that becomes the cultivation object.
Moreover, comparatively suitable in the scope of 20～40N about the hardness that plant cultivating base body has, on the other hand,, comparatively suitable in the scope of 4～10N about recuperability.In addition, recuperability is that the loading that plant cultivating base body is subjected to is zero resilience.
That is, plant follows its growth, and root stretches, and final root is full of in the container such as flowerpot.At this moment, if be that so-called fragility (friability) is bigger, in other words, if the higher plant cultivating base body of irreversible compression property, then root is crowded bad with culture substrate itself, as the porous matter space disappearance of air supply source.
Therefore, plant cultivating base body can have recuperability (more than the 4N) to a certain degree, if but surpass 10N, even then since root reel, the take-up force of the root that also rebounds and hinder good growth, thus about recuperability, in the scope of 4～10N relatively suitably.
Next, its part of various description of tests of carrying out about being used for effect affirmation of the present invention.
The table of Fig. 3 represents to comprise existing known method, the evaluation result of the test portion (comparative example 1～7) of the plant cultivating base body of making not adding polyalcohol, the table of Fig. 4 are represented the evaluation result with the test portion (embodiment 1～10) of plant cultivating base body made according to the method for the present invention.
In addition, in the manufacturing of the test portion of embodiment and comparative example, use following raw material.
As the moisture capacity packing material, use peat moss (by the trade name of three province's produce (strain) system: ッ-Le Block ソ Application (particulate), electronic moisture meter (the made model of the long meter making of Co., Ltd.: MC-30MB) moisture content of Ce Dinging is approximately weight ratio 40%).
As polyurethane prepolymer, use isocyanate group (NCO) is 11～13% polyurethane prepolymer, described polyurethane prepolymer be by will with the oxirane of 60/40 ratio and expoxy propane additional at random overlap polyalcohol at the molecular weight on the glycerine about 3400 (trade name of the military field of (strain) Mitsui chemistry system: ァ Network ト コ-Le EP-505S) 1000g, isocyanates (trade name of Japanese polyurethane industry (strain) system: コ ロ ネ-ト T-80) 525g in 4 flasks, and flow down at nitrogen, reaction obtained in 2 hours under 80 ± 2 ℃ of conditions.
As the polyesters polyalcohol, use the mixture (trade name of the military field of (strain) Mitsui chemistry system: ァ Network ト コ-Le 3p56b) of polyester modification PPG and PPG.
As polyether alcohol, use the trade name of the military field of (strain) Mitsui chemistry system: ァ Network ト コ-Le MN3050S.
The test portion of embodiment and comparative example is abideed by Fig. 3 and cooperation prescription shown in Figure 4, makes of following method.In addition, in Fig. 3 and Fig. 4, the moisture capacity fillibility material of having represented saturation state is the use level under the situation of 100 weight portions.
Mix and modulate the 1st suspension by water and moisture capacity packing material being put into appropriate containers, then, the liquid that will add polyurethane prepolymer and polyalcohol and then mix in the 1st suspension is as the 2nd suspension, and this suspension flowed into have only in the matrix molding die of counterdie.The 2nd suspension at matrix molding die internal reaction, solidify after, will be above the part severing of mould upper limb, thus obtain the test portion of uniform plant cultivating base body.
As the matrix molding die, mutually different following the 1st mould of shape and size, the 2nd mould, these 3 kinds of moulds of the 3rd mould have been prepared.
The inner surface configuration of the 1st mould presents butt rectangular pyramid shape (tetragonous cone table, that is, the shape that the summit side level of rectangular pyramid is cut away), and its upper surface is the square rectangular shape of 4.5cm, and the lower surface is the square rectangular shape of 3cm, highly is 5cm.
The inner surface configuration of the 2nd mould presents butt rectangular pyramid shape equally, and its upper surface is the square rectangular shape of 3.5cm, and the lower surface is the square rectangular shape of 2.5cm, highly is 4cm.
The inner surface configuration of the 3rd mould presents more near the bottom frustoconical shape of path more, and its upper surface is the square rectangular shape of 7cm, and the lower surface is the round-shaped of diameter 6cm, highly is 6.5cm.
In addition, to the evaluation method of the test portion of the plant cultivating base body that obtains based on each embodiment and comparative example, as described below.
When measuring conformality, water absorption rate, hardness, recuperability, adopt and use the test portion of the 1st die forming as frustoconical shape.
About conformality: by the processing of general supposition, confirm with naked eyes, the product (*) that (the following test portion that simply is called) fragmentation of the test portion of plant cultivating base body or moisture capacity packing material come off in a large number from test portion, test portion is not broken, but the product that the moisture capacity packing material comes off on a small quantity from test portion (△), test portion is not broken, almost can't see the product (zero) that the moisture capacity packing material comes off yet.
About water absorption rate: will in 80 ℃ baking box, make it be dried to weight rate and be condensed to 1% dry weight and be designated as M1 (g) with interior test portion.In addition, putting into distilled water, to make the stainless steel container made depth of water that is of a size of 100 * 100 * 50 (mm) at inner surface be 1cm, test portion is placed in this container, and be determined at the gross weight M2 (g) that places after 24 hours the test portion of taking out in the container, by deducting M1, obtain suction weight (g)=(M2～M1) from M2.If the proportion of water is taken as 1, volume (cm then absorbs water
3)=(M2～M1).This value is used the value that deducts resin volume (proportion of test portion is taken as the above-mentioned M1 of 1 usefulness calculates) from the integral body of test portion long-pending (volume based on mould is calculated) to remove, and calculates water absorption rate with following formula thus.
(formula 2) water absorption rate (%)=(M2～M1)/(integral body of test portion is long-pending～M1) } * 100
But, about comparative example 6 and 7, because water imbibition is very little, even after placing 24 hours, also not with the upper surface that is drawn to test portion waterborne, so in order to measure maximum water absorption, be determined at from the watering of the upper surface of test portion and make its suction after 30 minutes, so the weight after in the depth of water is the container of 1cm, placing 24 hours and with it as M2 (g).
Below, when measuring hardness and recuperability, use the test portion of the state that the assay method with water absorption rate fully absorbs water.
About hardness: use the foam hardness of JIS～K6400 to measure and use device, test portion is placed on the platform of testing machine central authorities and makes the upper surface be positioned at the below, test portion thickness when reading the loading of using increased pressure board and acting on 5N (0.5kgf) also is accurate to 0.1mm, with it as original depth.Next,, increased pressure board is pressed into 50 ± 2.5% the distance that is equivalent to original depth with the speed of per minute 300 ± 20mm, read static after through the loading represented 20 seconds time the and be accurate to 1N (0.1kgf), should be worth as hardness.
About recuperability: use the foam hardness of JIS～K6400 to measure and use device, test portion is placed on the platform of testing machine central authorities and makes the upper surface be positioned at the below, test portion thickness when reading the loading of using increased pressure board and acting on 5N (0.5kgf) also is accurate to 0.1mm, with it as original depth.Next, speed with per minute 300 ± 20mm, read with increased pressure board be pressed into be equivalent to original depth 50 ± 2.5% apart from the time loading G1 and be accurate to 1N (0.1kgf), read static after through 20 seconds the time loading G2 and be accurate to 1N (0.1kgf), with the value of G1～G2 as recuperability (rebound test portion to make loading be zero power).
About each comparative example and embodiment, to carry out the common cultivation method that waters for 1～2 time in one day and the hydroponics method of cultivating cultivated evaluation in the depth of water remains the cultivating container of 0.5～1cm.As test portion, adopt the test portion that uses above-mentioned the 2nd mould and be configured as frustoconical shape, the trumpet flower of roughly the same cultivation state is planted in the test portion of each plant cultivating base body, and carry out certain during after (1～3 month) cultivation, cultivate evaluation with the fresh weight of plant corpus (just having cut off the plant corpus weight of the overground part behind the underground part).
Plant corpus is cultivated best test portion, the test portion of the fresh weight maximum of the plant corpus after during promptly cultivating through regulation is evaluated as ◎, be taken as in the fresh weight that the test portion that will indicate ◎ with this obtains under 100 the situation, the test portion that obtains being equivalent to 80～100 fresh weight is evaluated as zero, equally, the test portion that obtains being equivalent to 50～80 fresh weight is evaluated as △, will have to be equivalent to test portion less than 50 fresh weight be evaluated as *.
Its result, in common cultivation method, embodiment 1 and 7 cultivates preferably, and secondly, embodiment 2 and 8 cultivation are good.Secondly in hydroponics, embodiment 4 and 5 cultivates preferably, and, embodiment 2,3 and 6 cultivation are good.
Carry one in passing, on the test portion of the above-mentioned size (frustoconical shape) of embodiment 4, the Verbena officinalis of planting, blue pig ear, fuchsia, garden balsam, rose, violet stock violet, バ コ バ, プ ラ テ ィ ァ, リ Na リ ァ, Lobelia sessilifolia, begonia, Nemesia belongs to, poinsettia, ivyleaf cyclamen, high cold dish, sengreen, ミ ュ-レ Application ベ キ ァ, ペ ペ ロ ミ ァ, ォ リ ズ Le ラ Application, リ シ マ キ ァ, ト ラ デ ィ ス カ Application チ ァ, ヘ デ ラ, プ レ タ ト ラ Application サ ス, coleus, プ ミ ラ, PVC レ ァ, ヒ Port ェ ス テ ス, Ha-ト カ ズ ラ, グ リ～Application ネ ッ Network レ ス, Oak Tree, セ Application セ ベ リ ァ, watercress, peppermint, sweet basil, camomile, lavender, the result who has carried out 1～3 month hydroponics is that any plant has all shown good cultivation result.
And then, will be configured as the trumpet flower of planting in the test portion of embodiment 4 of frustoconical shape of regulation using the 3rd mould and carry out one month hydroponics, the result thinks that the growth of root is even, has shown good cultivation.
In addition, whether the table of Fig. 3 for detecting the ratio increase polyurethane prepolymer on the extended line of prior art gradually, obtains to have both the result of the matrix of required suitable conformality of plant cultivation and water absorption rate.From this table as can be seen, according to the matrix of prior art, only increase the ratio of polyurethane prepolymer, can not obtain having both the required conformality and the matrix of water absorption rate for merely.
In addition, in the table of Fig. 4, embodiment 1 and 2, to produce much difference be that a purpose is implemented research to detect the physical property that obtains under two kinds of different situations, both of these case is to use the situation of polyesters polyalcohol and polyether alcohol as the polyalcohol that adds respectively.Hence one can see that, and aspect two of conformality and water absorption rates, the polyesters polyalcohol is all more excellent than polyether alcohol.
Moreover embodiment 3～10, are fixed as 120 weight portions to check the amount with polyurethane prepolymer, and the different influences that bring to water absorption rate of moisture capacity packing material and polyalcohol addition are that an order is implemented research.By embodiment 4～10 as can be known, along with the addition water absorption rate that increases polyalcohol also rises.But, by embodiment 9 and 10 as can be known, the upper limit of polyalcohol addition is 170 weight portions, even continue on this basis to increase, can not look to the remarkable rising of water absorption rate.
In addition, for reference usefulness, the moisture capacity packing material ratio of calculating based on the moisture capacity packing material of saturation state also is additional to Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 in advance.
Industrial applicibility
The present invention relates to can be used for root by encasing plant as the substitute of soil, come artificial plant culture substrate and the manufacture method thereof of cultivated plant, by so that water-retaining property packing material, water, polyurethane prepolymer and polyol reaction are formed, it consists of take the ratio of the water-retaining property packing material of drying regime as weight ratio 15～60% as feature. The plant cultivating base body and the manufacture method thereof that have both simultaneously the required water imbibition of plant culture, conformality, flexibility (restoration) and hardness are provided.
Claims (10)
1. a plant cultivating base body is formed by moisture capacity packing material, water, polyurethane prepolymer and polyol reaction at least.
2. plant cultivating base body as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the ratio of the above-mentioned moisture capacity packing material of drying regime is a weight ratio 15～60%.
3. plant cultivating base body as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is characterized in that, above-mentioned polyalcohol is the polyalcohol that contains ester group.
4. the manufacture method of a plant cultivating base body, make the suspension reaction, the curing that comprise moisture capacity packing material, water and polyurethane prepolymer make plant cultivating base body, it is characterized in that, above-mentioned suspension also comprises polyalcohol, and adjust so that the ratio of the moisture capacity packing material of drying regime is a weight ratio 15～60%, make the suspension reaction, the curing that comprise this polyalcohol make plant cultivating base body.
5. the manufacture method of plant cultivating base body as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that, by weight, with respect to 100 parts of the moisture capacity packing materials of drying regime, the polyalcohol amount is 0.1～300 part a scope.
6. as the manufacture method of claim 4 or 5 described plant cultivating base bodies, it is characterized in that, comprise the 1st operation and the 2nd operation, described the 1st operation mixes above-mentioned moisture capacity packing material and water and makes the 1st suspension, described the 2nd operation is added above-mentioned polyurethane prepolymer and polyalcohol in the 1st suspension of being made by the 1st operation, and mix and make the 2nd suspension, and make the 2nd suspension reaction that utilizes above-mentioned the 2nd operation to make, solidify and make.
7. as the manufacture method of claim 4 or 5 described plant cultivating base bodies, it is characterized in that, above-mentioned suspension is made in matrix molding die internal reaction, curing.
8. as the manufacture method of claim 4 or 5 described plant cultivating base bodies, it is characterized in that the mode that is positioned at the bottom surface side of above-mentioned matrix molding die with the upper surface side of above-mentioned plant cultivating base body is reacted, solidified and make.
9. as the manufacture method of claim 4 or 5 described plant cultivating base bodies, it is characterized in that, above-mentioned moisture capacity packing material comprises from peat moss, cocoanut fiber, sawdust, cocoa husk, rice husk, rice husk compost, bark compost, nacrite, sole of the foot stone, at least a packing material of selecting during the hydrophilic foam resin-oatmeal minces.
10. a plant cultivating base body is characterized in that, utilizes each described manufacture method manufacturing of claim 4 to 9, and water absorption rate is 25～75%, and hardness is 20～40N, and recuperability is 4～10N.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP176107/2003 | 2003-06-20 | ||
| JP2003176107 | 2003-06-20 | ||
| PCT/JP2004/008606 WO2004112461A1 (en) | 2003-06-20 | 2004-06-18 | Plant culturing base body and method of manufacturing the same |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1838872A CN1838872A (en) | 2006-09-27 |
| CN1838872B true CN1838872B (en) | 2010-06-23 |
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| CN2004800239163A Expired - Lifetime CN1838872B (en) | 2003-06-20 | 2004-06-18 | Plant cultivating base body and method of manufacturing the same |
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| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US8701344B2 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP1642492B1 (en) |
| KR (1) | KR101138432B1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1838872B (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2530007C (en) |
| TW (1) | TWI317616B (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2004112461A1 (en) |
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| WO2009058869A1 (en) | 2007-10-29 | 2009-05-07 | Oms Investments, Inc. | Compressed coconut coir pith granules and methods for the production and use thereof |
| WO2009072542A1 (en) | 2007-12-07 | 2009-06-11 | Suntory Holdings Limited | Transgenic plant capable of flowering at low light intensity |
| CN102388694B (en) * | 2011-08-01 | 2014-01-15 | 西北永新集团有限公司 | Method and plant pit for planting trees and saving degradation trees in arid and semiarid lands |
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| JP5827399B2 (en) * | 2012-05-14 | 2015-12-02 | 積水化成品工業株式会社 | Composite porous body, method for producing the same, and artificial soil using the composite porous body |
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- 2004-06-18 KR KR1020057024498A patent/KR101138432B1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2004-06-18 TW TW093117765A patent/TWI317616B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2004-06-18 US US10/561,622 patent/US8701344B2/en active Active
- 2004-06-18 WO PCT/JP2004/008606 patent/WO2004112461A1/en active Application Filing
- 2004-06-18 CA CA2530007A patent/CA2530007C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-06-18 EP EP04746108.2A patent/EP1642492B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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| US6479433B1 (en) * | 2000-10-02 | 2002-11-12 | Smithers-Oasis Company | Polyurethane foam composites for grower applications and related methods |
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| KR101138432B1 (en) | 2012-04-26 |
| KR20060032960A (en) | 2006-04-18 |
| EP1642492A1 (en) | 2006-04-05 |
| WO2004112461A1 (en) | 2004-12-29 |
| JPWO2004112461A1 (en) | 2006-07-27 |
| CA2530007A1 (en) | 2004-12-29 |
| US8701344B2 (en) | 2014-04-22 |
| EP1642492A4 (en) | 2013-08-28 |
| CA2530007C (en) | 2015-04-07 |
| TWI317616B (en) | 2009-12-01 |
| CN1838872A (en) | 2006-09-27 |
| JP4456073B2 (en) | 2010-04-28 |
| TW200503612A (en) | 2005-02-01 |
| EP1642492B1 (en) | 2021-03-24 |
| US20060248796A1 (en) | 2006-11-09 |
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