The purification process of electrolysis of aluminum smoking gas containing fluorine
Technical field:
The present invention relates to a kind of purification process of electrolysis of aluminum smoking gas containing fluorine.
Background technology:
Prebaked cell for aluminum-reduction produces fluorochemical etc. in process of production, and (fluorochemical 16~25Kg/t.Al) mainly contains pest, is a production technique more serious to topsoil.It usually adopts flue gas dry cleaning measure, promptly adopts hydrogen fluoride in the alumina adsorption flue gas with the nuisance in the flue, and control fluorochemical quantity discharged to reach state environmental emissioning standard, reduces the pollution to surrounding environment.
The aluminium cell flue gas dry cleaning all utilizes the Aluminium Electrolysis raw alumina hydrogen fluoride gas to be had the mechanism of stronger adsorptive power, with it smoking gas containing fluorine is carried out dry cleaning, nuisance gases such as hydrogen fluoride in the absorption flue gas, aluminum oxide after the absorption turns back in the production technique, directly reclaiming fluorine, is the purification process with comprehensive utilization.And can flue gas after being purified reach state environmental emissioning standard, just gas cleaning efficient proposed requirement.
China's aluminum electrolysis flue gas purification technology has following several at present:
The one, adopt pulse bag type dust collector and canalization method purification reactor, and the canalization purification techniques of now developed long bag pulse bag type dust collector and optimization.
The 2nd, pulse bag type dust collector and VRI purification reactor purification techniques.
The 3rd, diamond pattern blowback wind fly-ash separator and Venturi purification reactor purification techniques.
The 4th, pulse bag type dust collector and ebullated bed adsorptive reactor purification techniques.
Existing purification techniques all adopts produces required aluminum oxide all by purification system, in addition, guarantees decontamination effect improving for increasing contact area, also adds a certain amount of cyclic oxidation aluminium.The mixing process of aluminum oxide and smoking gas containing fluorine, no matter be to utilize air-driven chute that fresh aluminum oxide and cyclic oxidation aluminium are added " canalization method " in the smoke pipe respectively, still utilize the VRI reactor that fresh aluminum oxide and cyclic oxidation aluminium are added " VRI reaction method " in the smoke pipe or the like before the sack cleaner simultaneously, all distribute uneven owing to fresh aluminum oxide and fluoro-containing alumina material amount and with the degree that mixes of flue gas the undesirable or too short hydrogen fluoride gas adsorption cleaning efficient that influences of absorption reaction time, therefore, existing aluminum electrolysis flue gas purification technology is still not ideal enough in actual applications.
Sack cleaner in the aluminium cell dry fume purifying system also is different from it and is applied in other industry, be not limited only to filtering function, also has an adsorption cleaning function, therefore, all to consider the effect of adsorption cleaning and filtering separation from structure, filtrate and the accessory of sack cleaner main frame, deashing control etc.Especially along with electrolyzer maximization technology rapid development, electrolytic production capacity supporting flue gas purification system also along with increase, how to guarantee that the problem of hydrogen fluoride gas adsorption cleaning efficient is just more outstanding.
Summary of the invention:
The objective of the invention is to: provide that a kind of flow process is short, purification efficiency is high, power consumption is low, reliable, non-secondary pollution, convenient operation and management, and the aluminium electrolytic flue n type that can solve the smoke pollution problem of aluminium cell up hill and dale sprays two-stage countercurrent absorption dry purification process, to overcome the deficiency that prior art exists.
The present invention is achieved in that flue gas that it produces electrolyzer pools together by smoke evacuation arm, smoke evacuation submain, smoke evacuation main pipe and smoke evacuation house steward and enters the impulse blowing purification strainer, before entering the impulse blowing purification strainer, adopt two-stage reinforced; The first step joins the smoke evacuation house steward to fluoro-containing alumina, fluoro-containing alumina mixes with hydrogen fluoride gas in the flue gas in the smoke evacuation house steward and carries out absorption reaction earlier, the second stage joins fresh aluminum oxide in each flue gas stream before the impulse blowing purification strainer carries out absorption reaction, above-mentioned flue gas and fluoro-containing alumina after two-stage absorption enters and carries out filtering separation in the impulse blowing purification strainer, isolated fluoro-containing alumina is transported to the fluoro-containing alumina storehouse, a part is used as the production of raw materials for production electrolysis groove, and a part turns back in the preceding smoke evacuation house steward of impulse blowing purification strainer mixes with hydrogen fluoride gas in the flue gas; Flue gas after being purified is sent into the chimney emptying through smoke exhaust fan.
The reinforced employing of first step claw type feeding device is measured fluoro-containing alumina in accordance with regulations and is joined the smoke evacuation house steward.
The second stage is reinforced adopts distribution box and n type injection reactor that fresh aluminum oxide is quantitatively joined in each flue gas stream before the impulse blowing purification strainer.
N type injection reactor and fresh aluminum oxide are first before carrying out absorption reaction carries out distribution of air flow by the air quantity distribution piping to the smoking gas containing fluorine of smoke evacuation among the house steward entering, and the airduct number that the air quantity distribution piping is told is corresponding one by one with the fume treatment unit group number of impulse blowing purification strainer.
Adopt novel ash-discharging device, air-driven chute, watertight chest and air hoist that the isolated fluoro-containing alumina of impulse blowing purification strainer is transported to the fluoro-containing alumina storehouse.
The smoke evacuation submain adopt reducing design and every submain with electrolyzer to count n be 5~18, the electrolyzer of initiating terminal is not more than 120 meters with the spacing of terminal electrolyzer.
Smoke evacuation main pipe employing in the smoke evacuation pipe network designs with journey, the equal in length of every smoke evacuation main pipe, and the equal in length of every smoke evacuation submain, every smoke evacuation main pipe and every length difference of discharging fume between the submain are not more than 10 meters; The reducing smoke evacuation submain of local different journey design makes every even air draft of electrolyzer by the valve angular adjustment resistance of the variable valve on the electrolyzer smoke evacuation arm.
The present invention compared with prior art, owing to adopted novel electrolysis of aluminum impulse blowing purification strainer, hydrogen fluoride gas in sorbent material aluminum oxide and the flue gas fully contacted the blended absorption reaction and will contain the effect of hydrofluoric aluminum oxide filtering separation be combined as a whole, compact construction, and favourable raising adsorption cleaning hydrogen fluoride effect and collection aluminum oxide efficient; And adopt the novel ash-discharging device of sack cleaner, and can guarantee sealing, can evenly unload ash again continuously, there is no consumable accessory; Owing to adopted distribution box, alumina amount can be compared uniformly distributing, thereby guarantee that the alumina amount enter each n type injection reactor reaches design load, the alumina raw material of same amount is joined in each fume treatment unit in the impulse blowing purification strainer equably; Adopt the claw type feeding device, can block air-flow by aluminum oxide and can be uniformly distributed to aluminum oxide in the smoke evacuation house steward again, thus the degree that mixes of assurance fluoro-containing alumina and flue gas; Owing to adopted watertight chest, can cut off equipment room air-flow in the aluminum oxide course of conveying, can in time clear up the continuous running condition of impurity and assurance system again; Owing to adopted air hoist, can continuously feeding and discharge, and equipment is reliable, safeguard that simple, good airproof performance, energy consumption are low; Because potroom has the length of the supreme km of hundreds of rice usually, the electrolyzer platform number of every factory building configuration has tens surplus 100, the electrolyzer of the electrolyzer of initiating terminal and end just is difficult to accomplish the air draft of every platform trough equivalent, thereby just can not guarantees gas collecting efficiency at a distance of hundreds of rice.The where the shoe pinches of wanting to accomplish the equivalent air draft is that the static pressure that how to keep discharging fume on the main total length is constant.Usually under the blower fan working order, the pitot loss of airduct alongst increases, therefore static pressure is remained unchanged, dynamic pressure is reduced gradually along air flow line, that is to say, the cross section of airduct should enlarge gradually along air flow line, therefore, adopted the smoke evacuation submain of reducing in design, and shortened the length of smoke evacuation submain, be every submain with the electrolyzer numerical control built in n=5~18, the electrolyzer of control initiating terminal and terminal electrolyzer spacing 120 meters with interior (generally about 60 meters), reduce most proximal end and distal-most end resistance unbalance factor and be beneficial to the resistance balance that every platform trough is discharged fume; Smoke exhaust pipe host main adopts and designs with journey, be every main pipe length about equally, and the length of every submain is equated as far as possible, the reducing submain of local different journey is by the valve angular adjustment resistance of the variable valve on the electrolyzer smoke evacuation arm, make every even air draft of electrolyzer, thereby guarantee higher gas collecting efficiency; Because the smoke exhaust pipe host manages employing and designs with journey, the main of local different journey is regulated by the variable valve on the electrolyzer smoke evacuation arm, makes every even air draft of electrolyzer, thereby guarantees gas collecting efficiency; Air quantity distribution piping before the impulse blowing purification strainer can be with the air draft uniformly distributing, thereby it is even to guarantee to enter in the polishing filter air quantity of each fume treatment unit, and the load of every fume treatment unit is equated, helps to improve purification efficiency.Owing to adopted above-mentioned two-stage countercurrent adsorption technology, can distribute air quantity and material equably, aluminum oxide and hydrogen fluoride are fully reacted, thereby guarantee higher purification efficiency, make flue gas reach state environmental emissioning standard.
Description of drawings:
Accompanying drawing 1 is a process flow diagram of the present invention.
1-chimney among the figure, 2-smoke exhaust fan, 3-impulse blowing purification strainer, 4-air quantity distribution piping, the 5-house steward that discharges fume, the 6-main pipe of discharging fume, the 7-submain of discharging fume, the 8-regulated valve, the 9-arm of discharging fume, 10-electrolyzer, 11-fresh aluminum oxide storehouse, the 12-air-driven chute, 13-watertight chest, 14-measuring apparatus, the 15-distribution box, 16-n type injection reactor, the novel ash-discharging device of 17-, the 18-air hoist, 19-fluoro-containing alumina storehouse, 20-claw type feeding device.
Embodiment:
Embodiments of the invention: as shown in Figure 1, the smoke exhaust fan 2 that is adopted in the present invention, air-driven chute 12, measuring apparatus 14 etc. all can adopt the finished product of selling on the market; Impulse blowing purification strainer 3, n type injection reactor 16, novel ash-discharging device 17, distribution box 15, claw type feeding device 20, watertight chest 13, air hoist 18 etc. can be ordered goods by the technology condition that reality is used, and are made by professional manufactory.
When carrying out the gas cleaning processing, all electrolyzers 10 all use small-sized removable cover and top cover plate airtight, flue gas is connected with system by the connection arm on gas skirt and top in the groove, the smoke evacuation arm 9 of every electrolyzer 10 all is connected on the outdoor built on stilts level smoke evacuation submain 7, smoke evacuation submain 7 converges to smoke evacuation main pipe 6, be connected to impulse blowing purification strainer 3 by smoke evacuation house steward 5 again,, send into chimney 1 emptying by smoke exhaust fan 2 through flue gas after being purified; Flue gas is before entering impulse blowing purification strainer 3, fresh aluminum oxide after will being distributed by distribution box 15 quantitatively add in each flue gas stream before the impulse blowing purification strainer 3, mix with hydrogen fluoride gas in the flue gas by n type injection reactor 16, n type injection reactor and fresh aluminum oxide are first before carrying out absorption reaction carries out distribution of air flow by air quantity distribution piping 4 to the smoking gas containing fluorine of smoke evacuation among the house steward entering, the airduct number that air quantity distribution piping 4 is told is corresponding one by one with the fume treatment unit group number of impulse blowing purification strainer 3, and its airduct is counted m and preferably is controlled at m=4~8 group.
Aluminum oxide after the absorption gets off by impulse blowing purification strainer 3 separated and collected, deliver to fluoro-containing alumina bunker 19 through handling equipments such as air-driven chute 12, air hoists 18, part electrolysis groove 10 is produced and is used, a part turns back in the smoke evacuation house steward 5 before the impulse blowing purification strainer 3 by claw type feeding device 20 again mixes with hydrogen fluoride gas in the flue gas, and the abundant oxidized aluminium of hydrogen fluoride gas is adsorbed.