CN1867855B - 基片导波的光学装置 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明给出一种光学装置,包括至少有两个相互平行的主要表面(26)的光传输基片;光学设备(16),把位于视场中的光波耦合进利用内反射的基片内;和至少一个位于基片内与基片主要表面不平行的部分反射表面(22),特征是,至少一个主要表面以二向色涂层涂敷。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及基片导波的光学装置,具体说,是涉及包括多个反射表面的装置,该多个表面由普通光传输基片承载,这种装置亦称光波导。
本发明的实现,对成像的大量应用有利,诸如头戴显示器(head-mounted display,HMD)及平视显示器(head-up display,HUD)、蜂窝电话、小型显示器、3-D显示器、小型光束扩束器,和非成像应用,诸如平板指示器、小型发光器和扫描器。
背景技术
小型光学单元的一个重要应用,是在HMD中的应用,其中的光学组件既用作成像透镜也用作组合器,在组合器中,把两维的显示成像在无穷远,然后反射进观察者的眼睛。显示可以直接从空间光调制器(SLM),如阴极射线管CRT)、液晶显示器(LCD)、有机发光二极管阵列(OLED)、或扫描源及类似装置获得,也可以间接地,通过中继透镜或光纤束获得。显示包括的单元(象素)的阵列,通过准直透镜成像在无穷远,然后通过反射表面或部分反射表面的传输,送进观看者的眼睛,该反射表面或部分反射表面,充当非透视的和透视的相应应用的组合器。通常是把常规的、自由空间的光学组件用于这些目的。随着系统需要的视场(FOV)的增加,这类常规光学组件变得更大、更重、和块头更大,因此,即使是性能适中的装置,也不能实现。这是所有类型显示器的主要缺点,对头戴的应用尤甚,因为在头戴的应用中,系统必须尽可能轻盈和小型。
为小型化而作的努力,已经得到一些不同复杂性的光学方案,所有这些方案,一方面,对实际的应用仍不够小型,另一方面,在可制作性上存在主要障碍。再有,从这些设计得到的光学视角的眼运动箱(eye-motion-box,EMB)一般都非常小-通常小于8mm。因此,即使光学系统相对于观看者小的运动,光学系统的性能仍非常敏感,且对一般地从该显示阅读文本,也不允许有足够的瞳孔运动。
发明内容
本发明使非常小型的光波导光学单元(light-guide opticalelement,LOE)的结构和制作变得容易,这种光波导光学单元,除其他应用外,尤其用于头戴显示器。本发明能与相对大的EMB值一起实现相对宽的FOV值。得到的光学系统给出大的高质量的像,该光学系统还适应眼睛大的运动。本发明给出的光学系统,因为它比现有技术方案显著地更小型,所以特别有利,而且它能容易地被哪怕有专门配置的光学系统所采用。
本发明还能实现改进的HUD的结构。HUD已经普及,现在,它们不但在最现代的战斗机中,而且在民航机中起重要作用,在这些飞机中,HUD系统已成为低能见度着陆操作的关键部件。此外,近期对HUD在汽车中的应用已经有许多建议和设计,在该种应用中,它们可能在驾驶和导航任务上帮助驾驶员。然而,现有技术的HUD存在若干显著的缺点。所有目前设计的HUD,要求显示源必须偏移到离组合器颇大的距离上,以保证该源能照射整个组合器表面。结果是,组合器-投影器HUD系统必然是大块头和大的,需要可观的安装空间,使它不便于安装,有时用起来甚至不安全。常规HUD大的光学孔径,还提出特殊的光学设计难题,使HUD要么有折衷的性能,要么需要高性能但带来高的费用。高质量的全息HUD的色散,是值得特别关注的。
本发明的一种重要应用,涉及它实现了小型的HUD,从而减轻了前述的缺点。在本发明的HUD设计中,组合器用能附于基片上的小型显示源照射。因此,整个系统非常小型并容易安装在各种配置内,便于广泛应用。此外,显示的色散可以忽略,由此能用宽光谱的源工作,包括常规的白光光源。还有,本发明把像扩大,使组合器的有效面积比光源的实际照射面积大得多。
本发明再一个应用,是提供一种有宽FOV的小型显示器,供移动的、手持的例如蜂窝电话使用。今天的无线互联网接入市场,有足够的带宽可供完全视频的传输。限制因素仍然是终端用户装置中显示的质量。可移动性的要求,限制了显示器的物理大小,结果,直接显示的像的观看质量不良。本发明能实现有非常大的虚像但物理上非常小型的显示器。这是移动通信中关键的特征,特别是对移动互联网接入,解决了它实际实施方案的主要限制之一。因此,本发明能在小的手持装置,如蜂窝电话内,实现全部格式互联网页的数字内容的观看。
因此,本发明的总的目标,是减轻现有技术小型显示器装置的缺点,和按照具体要求,提供有改进性能的其他光学部件及系统。
为此,本发明提供一种光学装置,包括:至少有两个相互平行的主要表面及边缘的光传输基片;光学设备,把位于视场中的光波耦合进利用内反射的所述基片内;和至少一个位于所述基片中与基片主要表面不平行的部分反射表面,特征是,至少一个所述主要表面以二向色涂层涂敷。
附图说明
本发明将参照下面画出的图,结合一些优选实施例来说明,便于更完整的了解。
对专门详细参照的图,应当强调,具体画出的图,是以举例方式并只为说明本发明优选实施例的目的,并且提供认为是最有用的内容和容易了解本发明原理及概念的说明。就此而言,除对本发明的基本理解必需之外,不试图更详尽表明本发明的结构细节。结合图所作的说明,作用是引导本领域熟练人员,了解本发明的若干种形式如何实际实施。
附图有:
图1是现有技术折叠式光学装置的侧视图;
图2是按照本发明的LOE实施例的侧视图;
图3A和3B画出本发明使用的选择性反射表面,在两种入射角范围上需要的反射率和透射率特征;
图4对一种示例性二向色涂层,画出P偏振作为波长的函数的反射率曲线;
图5对一种示例性二向色涂层,画出S偏振作为波长的函数的反射率曲线;
图6对一种示例性二向色涂层,画出作为入射角的函数的反射率曲线;
图7是示意图,画出选择性反射表面示例性阵列的细部截面视图;
图8对另一种二向色涂层,画出作为入射角的函数的反射率曲线;
图9画出埋入标准眼镜架中的本发明示例性实施例;和
图10画出按照本发明的示例性HUD系统。
具体实施方式
图1画出常规折叠式光学装置的布局,其中的基片2被显示源4照射。该显示通过准直透镜6准直。来自显示源4的光,通过第一反射表面8,以主光线10平行于基片平面的方式,耦合进基片2。第二反射表面12把光耦合出基片,并进入观看者的眼睛14。这种配置的小型性暂且不论,它存在显著的缺点;具体说,能够施加影响的只有非常有限的FOV。如图1所示,在基片内最大允许的离轴角是:
这里T是基片厚度;
deye是需要的出瞳直径;和
l是反射表面8和12之间的距离。
角度大于αmax的光线,在到达反射表面12之前被基片表面反射。因此,反射表面12在不需要的方向上被照射,出现重影。
因此,这种配置可获得的最大FOV是:
FOVmax≈2vαmax, (2)
其中v是基片的折射率。
通常的折射率值在1.5-1.6的范围。
一般说,眼睛瞳孔的直径是2-6mm。为适应该显示的运动或该显示未对准,必需更大的出瞳直径。最小需要的值取约8-10mm,眼睛光轴与头侧面之间的距离l通常是在40到80mm之间。那么,即使对小的8°的FOV,需要的基片厚度将约为12mm。
已经提出克服上述问题的方法。这些方法包括,利用基片内放大的望远镜及非平行的耦合方向。但是,即使利用这些方案,而且即使只考虑一个反射表面,系统的厚度仍然限制在相同的值。FOV受反射表面12在基片平面上的投影的直径限制。从数学上说,由于这一限制,最大的可获得的FOV,可以表示为:
其中αsur是反射表面与基片平面法线之间的角度,和
Reye是观看者眼睛与基片之间的距离(通常约30-40mm)。
实际上,tanαsur不能比1大很多;因此,对上述8°的FOV的相同参数,这里需要的基片厚度约7mm,这是对前述限制的一种改进。然而,随着需要的FOV的增加,基片的厚度也迅速增加。举例说,对需要15°和30°的FOV,基片的极限厚度,分别是18mm或25mm。
要减轻上述限制,本发明利用制作在LOE内的选择性反射表面阵列。图2按照本发明,画出LOE的截面视图。第一反射表面16被准直的输入平面波18照射,该平面波从装置后面的显示光源(未画出)发出,其中的平面波18是给定FOV内要耦合进LOE中的一组光波之一。反射表面16把来自源的入射光反射,使光陷入利用全内反射的平面基片20内。经过基片表面的几次反射之后,陷入的波抵达选择性反射表面阵列22,该阵列把光波23耦合出基片,进入观看者的EMB24。为避免重影,输出的光波23应是平面波,否则,代表显示源单个点的不同光线,将以不同的入射角到达观看者的EMB 24,从而观看者看到的主像受重影干扰。为了避免这种现象,输出的光波23,从而输入的光波18,应当是平面波。就是说,相同光波中两条不同的光线的角偏移,应当小于αres,这里αres是该光学装置的角分辨率。通常,对大多数目视系统,αres为~1-2毫弧度,但不同的装置有不同的角分辨率。
假定源的中央波,以垂直于基片表面26的方向耦合出基片20,且基片20内耦合波的离轴角是αin,那么反射表面与基片平面之间的角αsur2是:
从图2可见,陷入的光线从两个不同的方向28、30到达反射表面。在本特定实施例中,陷入的光线从这些方向之一28,经过基片表面26的偶数次反射之后,到达反射表面,其中陷入的光线与反射表面法线之间的入射角βref是:
陷入的光线从第二方向30,经过基片表面26的奇数次反射之后,到达反射表面,这里的离轴角是α′in=180°-αin,而陷入光线与反射表面法线之间的入射角是:
为了避免不需要的反射和重影,这两个方向之一的反射率应当可以忽略。如果一个角显著小于另一个,能够获得两个入射方向之间需要的鉴别。能够提供一种涂层,对大的入射角有非常低的反射率,而对小的入射角有高的反射率。通过消除沿该两个方向之一的反射,能够开发防止不需要的反射和重影的这一性质。例如,选择βref~25°,从方程式(5)和(6)可以算出:
β′ref=105°;αin=50°;α′in=130°;αsur2=25°。(7)
现在如果确定,反射表面对β′ref是不反射的,但对βref是反射的,就获得需要的条件。图3A和3B画出选择性反射表面需要的反射率情况。离轴角βref~25°的光线32(图3A)被部分反射并耦合出基片34,而以离轴角β′ref~75°相对于反射表面(该角相当于β′ref~105°)到达的光线36(图3B),则通过反射表面34透射,没有任何可察觉的反射。
图4和5画出按照获得上述反射率特征设计的二向色涂层的反射率曲线,图上曲线分别是对以P偏振和S偏振光的四种不同入射角:20°、25°、30°、和75°画出的。虽然在整个相关光谱上,大角度光线的反射率可以忽略,但在相同光谱上,离轴角为20°、25°、和30°的光线,对P偏振光分别获得几乎恒定的反射率26%、29%、和32%,而对S偏振光分别为32%、28%、和25%。明显的是,对P偏振光,反射率随入射光线的倾斜而下降,而对S偏振光则增加。
图6画出同一层二向色涂层的反射率曲线,图上是对波长λ=550nm,作为两种偏振的入射角的函数画出的。曲线上有两个有意义的区域:在65°到80°之间,反射率非常低,又在15°到40°之间,反射率随减小的入射角单调变化(对P偏振光是增大,而对S偏振光是减小)。因此,对给定的FOV,只要能够保证需要非常低反射率的β′ref的整个角谱,位于第一区域内,同时,需要非常高反射率的βref的整个角谱,位于第二区域内,就能保证只有一个基片模的反射,进入观看者的眼睛,从而保证没有重影的像。
两种偏振情况之间有些差别。主要的差别是,反射率非常低的大角度区域,S偏振光比P偏振光要窄很多,所以在整个光谱频带上,对给定角度要获得恒定的反射率更难得多。因此,最好设计只用于P偏振光的LOE。要满足这一点,可以使用偏振显示源诸如LCD的系统,或者对输出亮度不是决定性的系统,可以滤去S偏振光。但是,对非偏振的显示源,如CRT或OLED,或者亮度是决定性的系统,S偏振光不能忽略,那么在设计时必须计及这一差别。另一种差别是,S偏振光在需要更高反射的角谱βref上的单调情况,与P偏振光是相反的,就是说,S偏振光的反射率随入射光线的倾斜而增加。两种偏振在βref角谱上的矛盾情况,可以在系统的光学设计时加以利用,根据每一系统的具体要求,对所有光获得需要的反射率。
假定耦合波照射反射表面的整个面积,则从表面16反射之后,它在基片表面照射的面积是2S1=2Ttan(α)。另一方面,反射表面22在基片平面上的投影是S2=Ttan(αsur2)。为避免反射表面之间的重叠或间隙,每一表面的投影要贴近它邻近的投影。因此,每一耦合光线在一个循环中(即从基片同一表面的两次反射之间)通过的反射表面22的数量N是:
在本例中,αsur2=25°和αsur1=25°,解是N=2;就是说,每一光线在一个循环中通过两个不同表面。
上面所述参照图7的实施例,是把输入光波耦合进基片的方法的例子。但是,输入波也可以通过其他光学设备耦合进基片,这些设备包括,但不限于,折叠式棱镜、光纤束、衍射光栅、和其他方案。
还有,在图2的例子中,输入波和像波位于基片相同侧。可以预见输入波和像波位于基片相反侧的另一种配置。同样可能的是,在某些应用中,输入波是通过基片外围侧面之一耦合进基片的。
图7是选择性反射表面阵列的细部截面视图,这些表面把陷入基片内的光耦合出来,然后进入观看者的眼睛。从图可见,在每一循环中,被耦合的光线以α′in=130°的角度,通过反射表面43,光线与反射表面法线之间的角度由此是~75°。从这些表面的反射可以忽略。此外,在每一循环中,光线以αin=50°的角度两次通过反射表面44,这里的入射角是25°。光线能量的一部分,耦合出基片。假定用两个选择性反射表面22的一个阵列,把光耦合到观看者的眼睛上,那么最大的FOV是:
因此,对上述各例相同的参数,对8°的FOV,极限基片厚度约为2.8mm;对15°和30°的FOV,极限基片厚度分别是3.7mm和5.6mm。这些数值比上面讨论的现有技术方案有更为可取的值。再有,可以使用多于两个选择性反射表面。例如,对三个选择性反射表面22,对15°和30°的FOV,极限基片厚度分别约2.4mm和3.9mm。如此类推,引入附加的反射表面,除别的优点外,可以进一步降低极限光学厚度。
对需要相对小的FOV的配置,单个部分反射表面已足够。例如,对有如下参数的系统:Reye=25mm;αsur=72°;和T=5mm,即使是用单个反射表面22,也能获得17°适度的FOV。光线的一部分在耦合出来进入需要的方向前,将穿过表面22若干次。因为对BK7材料或类似的材料,在基片内要获得全内反射的条件,最小的传播角是αin(min)=42°,FOV中央角的传播方向是αin(cen)=48°。结果是,投影的像不垂直于表面而略偏斜至离轴12°。无论如何,这对许多应用是可以接受的。
遗憾的是,这一方案不总是可行的。对许多其他应用,存在的约束是,投影的像应垂直于基片表面。另一个与全内反射条件相关的问题,是能够陷入基片内的像的最大FOV。遗憾的是,对超过82°的离轴角,要获得非常低的反射率,是非常困难的。假定在基片内需要的FOV角是αFOV,则中央波与反射表面法线之间的最大入射角是
假定外部FOV为30°,对应于基片内αFOV~20°,得到β′ref=72°。把该值代入方程式(6),得到αin=48°,因而陷入的波最小需要的角度是
显然,该角度不能陷入BK7或类似的材料内。诚然,有更高折射率的重火石光学材料,它的折射率超过1.8,但是,这些材料的透明度,通常对基片模光学单元都不够高。另一个可能的方案,是不用正规的抗反射涂层涂敷基片表面,而是用角灵敏反射涂层,该角灵敏反射涂层即使对小于临界角的更小角度,也能使整个FOV陷入基片内。必须指出,即使对基片表面之一可以是不透明的非透视应用,因此能够按常规反射表面涂敷,而另一个靠近观看者眼睛的那一个表面,至少对需要的外部FOV的角度,应当是透明的。因此,需要的反射涂层,对小于临界角的角度区域,应有非常高的反射率,和对于像的整个FOV,应有非常高的反射率。
图8画出为获得上述反射率特征而设计的二向色涂层的反射率曲线,图上是对波长λ=550nm,作为两种偏振的入射角的函数画出的,这里的角度是指空气中测量的角度。显然,该曲线有两个显著的区域:在30°到90°之间(相当于基片内20°-42°),反射率非常高;又在0°到22°之间(相当于基片内0°-15°),反射率非常低。因此,对给定的FOV,只要能保证需要非常高反射率的αin整个角谱位于第一区之内,而需要基本是零反射的外部FOV的整个角谱,位于第二区之内,就能保证整个FOV陷入利用内反射的基片内,并保证观看者能看到全部像。要着重指出,因为LOE的制作过程一般涉及粘接光学单元,还因为需要的角灵敏反射涂层,是在完成LOE体之后,涂布在基片表面,所以不可能利用可能破坏粘接区的常规热涂敷过程。幸运的是,新颖的薄膜技术,如离子辅助涂敷过程,也能用于冷处理。免除了必须对零件加热,能安全涂敷如LOE的粘接的零件。
一般说来,LOE与别的用于显示的小型光学装置相比,有若干重要的优点,这些优点包括:
1)输入的显示源能够非常接近基片,使整个光学系统非常小型和轻盈,给出无可比拟的形状因子。
2)与其他小型显示配置相反,本发明给出输入显示源相对于接目镜放置的灵活性。这一灵活性与把源放置在接近扩展的基片的能力结合,减轻了其他显示系统中常常必须使用离轴光学配置的必要性。此外,因为LOE的输入孔径比输出孔径的有效面积小得多,所以准直透镜6的数值孔径,比相当的常规成像系统要求的小得多。结果是,能够实现显著更方便的光学系统,而且,与离轴光学及高数值孔径透镜相关的许多困难,诸如场的或色的像差,能够相对容易地和有效地补偿。
3)本发明中的选择性反射表面的反射率系数,在整个相关光谱上基本上是相同的。因此,单色和多色的光源都可以用作显示源。LOE有可忽略的波长依赖性,确保有高分辨率的高质量彩色显示。
4)因为来自输入显示的每一点,都变换为平面波,该平面波从反射阵列的大部分反射进观看者的眼睛,对眼睛准确位置的容限,能够显著地放宽。这样,观看者能够看到整个FOV,且EMB比其他小型显示配置明显更大。
5)因为显示源光强的大部分被耦合进基片,还因为该耦合的能量的大部分,是“再循环的”并耦合出来,进入观看者的眼睛,所以即使用低功耗的显示源,也能获得比较高亮度的显示。
图9画出本发明的一个实施例,其中的LOE 20被埋入眼镜架58中。显示源4、准直透镜6、和折叠式透镜60,组装在眼镜架的眼镜腿62部分之内,正好靠近LOE 20的边缘。对显示源是电子单元,如小CRT、LCD、或OLED的情形,显示源的驱动电子电路64,可以组装在眼镜腿62的后部。电源和数据接口66,可通过引线68或其他通信设备与眼镜腿62连接,该通信设备包括无线电传输或光传输。或者,把电池和微型数据链路的电子电路,集成在眼镜架内。
上述实施例可用于透视和非透视系统。在后一情形,不透明层位于LOE前面。不透明层不一定包藏整个LOE,通常只包藏有效面积,因为必需阻挡有效面积上的可见显示。这样,该装置能够保证维持用户的周边视觉,重现计算机或电视屏幕的观看经验,其中该种周边视觉起重要的认知功能作用。或者,可以把可变滤光器放在系统前,使观看者能控制外部景物的光的亮度。该可变滤光器可以是机械控制的装置,如折叠式滤光器,也可以是两片旋转的偏振片,电子控制的装置,甚至是自动的装置,据此使滤光器的透射率由外界背景的亮度确定。获得需要的可变透射率滤光器的一种方法,是采用电致变色材料,以便对光透射率提供电控制,其中具有电可控光学性质的材料,被纳入分层的结构内。
至于精确利用本实施例中的LOE的方式,则有一些方式可供选择。最简单的选择是对一只眼睛使用单一的单元。另一种选择是对每一只眼睛使用一个单元和一个显示源,但有相同的像。或者,可以投影同一像的两个不同部分,两只眼睛之间有些重叠,以实现更宽的FOV。再有另一种可能性是,投影两个不同的景物,每一眼睛一个,以建立立体的像。对后一种选择,具有吸引力的可能的实施方案包括:3维电影、先进的虚拟现实、训练系统、及其他。
图9的实施例,正是说明本发明简单实施方案的一个例子。因为构成本系统核心的基片导波的光学单元,是非常小型和轻盈,能够安装在大量的各种装置中。因此,还可能有许多其他的实施例,包括护目镜、折叠式显示器、单片眼镜、和许多许多。本实施例是专用于靠近眼睛的显示器的:头戴的、系在头上的、或用头携带的。
上述实施例是单镜光学系统,就是说,像,是投影在单只眼睛上的。但是,存在各种应用,诸如平视显示器(HUD),其中需要把像投影在两只眼睛上。直到最近,HUD系统已经主要地用于先进的战斗机和民航机。近来,为把HUD安装在汽车驾驶员前面,以便有助于驾驶导航,或在低能见度条件时把热成像投影进驾驶员的眼睛,已经提出许多建议和设计。目前的航空HUD系统是非常昂贵的,单个单元的价格,约数十万美元。此外,已有的系统非常大、重、和块头大,安装在小的航空器中已很麻烦,更不用说汽车了。基于LOE的HUD有可能提供非常小型的、齐备的HUD,容易安装在受限制的空间内。基于LOE的HUD还简化了涉及HUD的光学系统的结构和制作,从而有可能适用于改进航空器的HUD,和适用于在汽车工业引入小型的、不昂贵的、消费者使用的HUD。
图10根据本发明,画出使HUD系统成为现实的方法。显示源4的光被透镜6准直至无穷远,又通过第一反射表面16,耦合进基片20中。经第二反射阵列(未画出)反射之后,光波落在第三反射表面22上,该第三反射表面22把光耦合出来,进入观看者眼睛24。整个系统可以非常小型和轻盈,大小如数毫米厚的大明信片。显示源体积为数立方厘米,可以附于基片的一角,其中的电线能向系统发送功率和数据。可以预期,提供的HUD系统的安装,将不比简单的商品音频系统的安装更复杂。此外,因为像的投影不需要外部显示源,避免了必需把部件安装在不安全的地方。
图10所示实施例,除了用于车辆的HUD系统外,还可以有其他的应用。这些实施例的一种可能应用是,用作计算机或电视机的平板显示器。这种显示器的主要的独有特征是,显示的像不在屏幕平面,而是聚焦在无穷远,或聚焦于类似的方便的距离。现有计算机显示器的主要缺点之一,是用户必须把他的眼睛聚焦在40到60cm的非常近的距离,而健康眼睛的自然焦距,是到无穷远。许多人在计算机上工作一段长时间后,会出现头痛。此外,有些人患有近视和远视,用计算机工作时需要戴专门的眼镜。对受上述问题困扰、又不愿用头戴显示器工作的人,那么本发明的平板显示器,是一种恰当的解决方案。再有,本发明能使屏幕的物理大小显著缩减。因为LOE形成的像,比装置还大,可以在更小的框架上实现大的屏幕。这一点对移动的应用,诸如膝上计算机和掌上计算机,特别重要。
本实施例再另一个可能的实施方案,是作为个人数字助手(PDA)的屏幕。目前正在使用的已有常规屏幕的大小,在10cm以下。由于这些显示器能够阅读的最小距离,约为40cm,可获得的FOV在15°以下;因此,在这些显示器上,特别就文本所涉及的信息内容,是有限的。能够用图10所示实施例对被投影的FOV作出明显的改进。像聚焦在无穷远,而屏幕可以位于十分接近观看者的眼睛。此外,因为每一眼睛看见总视场(TFOV)的不同部分,不同部分在总视场的中心重叠,所以可以获得TFOV另一种增大。因此,以40°或更大的FOV显示是可行的。
显然,对本领域熟练人员,本发明不受前面说明实施例的细节的限制,并且在不偏离本发明的精神或本质属性下,可以按其他形式实施。因此,应当认为,本发明的实施例在所有方面都是说明性的,而不是限制性的,本发明的范围,由后面所附权利要求书指出,而不是由前面的说明指出,且所有在权利要求书意义内和与权利要求书等价范围内的变化,都应当认为包含在权利要求书之中。
Claims (16)
1.一种光学装置,包括:
有边缘和至少两个相互平行的主要表面的光传输基片;
光学设备,把位于视场中的光波耦合进利用内反射的所述基片内;和
至少一个位于所述基片中与基片所述主要表面不平行的部分反射表面,
其特征是,至少一个所述主要表面以角灵敏反射涂层涂敷。
2.按照权利要求1的光学装置,其中所述主要表面对角谱的一部分有可忽略的反射,而对角谱的其他部分有显著的反射。
3.按照权利要求1的光学装置,其中所述主要表面对低入射角有低的反射率,而对高入射角有高的反射率。
4.按照权利要求1的光学装置,其中所述角灵敏反射涂层,使整个视场通过内反射而陷入所述基片内。
5.按照权利要求1的光学装置,其中所述至少一个部分反射表面,把通过内反射陷入的光耦合出所述基片。
6.按照权利要求1的光学装置,其中所述角灵敏反射涂层,使整个视场在预定位置离开所述基片,以便到达观察者的至少一只眼睛。
7.按照权利要求1的光学装置,其中所述角灵敏反射涂层,是使用离子辅助涂敷过程形成的。
8.按照权利要求1的光学装置,还包括显示光源。
9.按照权利要求8的光学装置,其中所述显示光源是液晶显示器。
10.按照权利要求8的光学装置,其中所述显示光源是有机发光二极管显示器。
11.按照权利要求1的光学装置,其中所述基片是部分透明的,以便能实现透视操作。
12.按照权利要求1的光学装置,还包括位于所述基片上或所述基片内的不透明表面,以便阻挡外部景物的光穿过基片进入。
13.按照权利要求1的光学装置,还包括可变透射率表面,放置在衰减穿过基片的光进入的位置,用于控制外部景物通过所述装置的光的亮度。
14.按照权利要求13的光学装置,其中所述可变透射率表面的透射率,根据定向穿过基片的光的亮度确定。
15.按照权利要求1的光学装置,其中所述装置是安装在眼镜架中的。
16.按照权利要求1的光学装置,其中所述装置是放在平视显示器中的。
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PCT/IL2004/000813 WO2005024491A1 (en) | 2003-09-10 | 2004-09-09 | Substrate-guided optical devices |
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- 2007-05-22 HK HK07105367.7A patent/HK1099367A1/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
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2008
- 2008-06-18 US US12/214,366 patent/US7672055B2/en active Active
Patent Citations (3)
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US4805988A (en) * | 1987-07-24 | 1989-02-21 | Nelson Dones | Personal video viewing device |
US5076664A (en) * | 1989-05-23 | 1991-12-31 | Thomson-Csf | Optical device enabling the introduction of a collimated image in an observer's field of vision |
US5886822A (en) * | 1996-10-08 | 1999-03-23 | The Microoptical Corporation | Image combining system for eyeglasses and face masks |
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