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CN1737413B - 具有间隔一定距离的简单行星齿轮组的电变速传动装置 - Google Patents

具有间隔一定距离的简单行星齿轮组的电变速传动装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1737413B
CN1737413B CN2005100882351A CN200510088235A CN1737413B CN 1737413 B CN1737413 B CN 1737413B CN 2005100882351 A CN2005100882351 A CN 2005100882351A CN 200510088235 A CN200510088235 A CN 200510088235A CN 1737413 B CN1737413 B CN 1737413B
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China
Prior art keywords
gear
motor
torque
transmitting mechanisms
selectively
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CN1737413A (zh
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H·索乌尔
A·G·霍尔姆斯
M·R·施密德特
D·克莱门
J·D·亨德里克森
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Motors Liquidation Co
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Motors Liquidation Co
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
    • B60K6/365—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings with the gears having orbital motion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B60K6/387—Actuated clutches, i.e. clutches engaged or disengaged by electric, hydraulic or mechanical actuating means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/40—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the assembly or relative disposition of components
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/44—Series-parallel type
    • B60K6/445—Differential gearing distribution type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/44—Series-parallel type
    • B60K6/448—Electrical distribution type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/44—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion
    • F16H3/72—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion with a secondary drive, e.g. regulating motor, in order to vary speed continuously
    • F16H3/727—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion with a secondary drive, e.g. regulating motor, in order to vary speed continuously with at least two dynamo electric machines for creating an electric power path inside the gearing, e.g. using generator and motor for a variable power torque path
    • F16H3/728—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion with a secondary drive, e.g. regulating motor, in order to vary speed continuously with at least two dynamo electric machines for creating an electric power path inside the gearing, e.g. using generator and motor for a variable power torque path with means to change ratio in the mechanical gearing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K1/02—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units comprising more than one electric motor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H37/00—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00
    • F16H37/02—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings
    • F16H37/06—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts
    • F16H37/08—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing
    • F16H37/0833—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts, i.e. with two or more internal power paths
    • F16H37/084—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts, i.e. with two or more internal power paths at least one power path being a continuously variable transmission, i.e. CVT
    • F16H2037/0866—Power split variators with distributing differentials, with the output of the CVT connected or connectable to the output shaft
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
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    • F16H37/02—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings
    • F16H37/06—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts
    • F16H37/08—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing
    • F16H37/10—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing at both ends of intermediate shafts
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
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    • F16H2200/20—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion
    • F16H2200/2002—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion characterised by the number of sets of orbital gears
    • F16H2200/2007—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion characterised by the number of sets of orbital gears with two sets of orbital gears
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
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    • F16H2200/20—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion
    • F16H2200/2002—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion characterised by the number of sets of orbital gears
    • F16H2200/201—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion characterised by the number of sets of orbital gears with three sets of orbital gears
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
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    • F16H2200/20—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion
    • F16H2200/2097—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion comprising an orbital gear set member permanently connected to the housing, e.g. a sun wheel permanently connected to the housing
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y10S903/00—Hybrid electric vehicles, HEVS
    • Y10S903/902—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors
    • Y10S903/903—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors having energy storing means, e.g. battery, capacitor
    • Y10S903/904—Component specially adapted for hev
    • Y10S903/909—Gearing
    • Y10S903/91—Orbital, e.g. planetary gears
    • Y10S903/911—Orbital, e.g. planetary gears with two or more gear sets

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)
  • Structure Of Transmissions (AREA)
  • Arrangement Of Transmissions (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

本发明提供一种电变速传动系统，包括：输入构件，从发动机接收动力；输出构件，连接到传动齿轮；第一和第二电动机/发电机；以及第一和第二简单行星齿轮组，各具有第一、第二和第三构件。输入构件连续连接到第一齿轮组的第一构件，以及输出构件连续连接到第二齿轮组的第一构件。第一电动机/发电机连续连接到第一齿轮组的第二构件。第二电动机/发电机与第二齿轮组的第三构件连续连接。传动齿轮和第一、第二扭矩传递机构设置在第一与第二齿轮组之间；第三扭矩传递机构，有选择地限制所述第一齿轮组的所述第三构件，或者有选择地限制所述第二齿轮组的所述第三构件，所述第三扭矩传递机构没有设置在所述第一与第二齿轮组之间。

Description

具有间隔一定距离的简单行星齿轮组的电变速传动装置
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求2004年7月29日提交的美国临时申请No.60/591995的权益，通过引用将其完整地结合到本文中。
技术领域
本发明涉及具有两个简单行星齿轮组、两个电动机/发电机、行星齿轮组之间的传动齿轮以及三个、四个或五个离合器、提供输入分离和复合分离范围的电变速传动系统。
背景技术
内燃机、尤其是往复式活塞型的那些内燃机当前推进大部分车辆。内燃机是比较高效、紧凑、重量轻以及价廉的装置，通过它们把矿物燃料转化成有用的机械动力，因此它们极适合于车辆推进。与内燃机配合使用时可减小排放及燃料消耗的新颖传动系统可为公众带来极大利益。
往复式活塞型内燃机工作的灵活性提出一些难题。车辆通常由这种发动机来推进，这种发动机由小电动机和较小的蓄电池从冷状态启动，然后迅速进入产生推进力并操作辅助设备的负载状态。这种发动机还在大的速度范围和大的负载范围上、通常以其最大功率的五分之一工作。这些大的发动机工作范围要求清洁高效的燃烧通过工作条件中的极端情况来保持，这是难以定义的目标。
车辆传动装置可以把机械动力从发动机输送到驱动系统的其余部分，通常为固定传动装置、轴和轮。传动装置允许发动机工作中的某种自由度，通常通过交替选择五或六个不同驱动比、允许发动机在车辆静止时操作配件的空档选择、以及允许驱动比之间平滑过渡以便从静止状态启动车辆并随着发动机旋转加速到预期公路速度的离合器或扭矩变换器来进行。传动齿轮选择通常允许来自发动机的动力被输送到驱动系统的其余部分，其中采用扭矩比增加和速度降低、称作超速驱动的扭矩比减小和速度增加、或者反转比。
发电机可将来自发动机的机械动力转换为电功率，而电动机可将那个电功率重新转换成机械动力，以不同扭矩和速度用于车辆驱动系统的其余部分。这种配置允许在电机限度内在发动机与驱动系统的其余部分之间的扭矩和速度比的连续变化。用作推动的动力源的蓄电池可添加到这种配置中，组成串联混合电驱动系统。
串联混合系统允许发动机相对地独立于推动车辆的扭矩、速度和功率进行工作，以便控制发动机，以改进排放和效率。这种系统还允许连接到发动机的电机用作电动机来启动发动机，并允许连接到传动列的其余部分的电机用作发电机，通过再生制动将能量恢复到电池中。串联电驱动承受将全部发动机功率从机械的变换为电的、从电的变换为机械的所需的电机的重量，以及承受这种双向变换中的有用功率损失。
功率分离传动系统可使用一般理解为“差动传动”的方式来实现输入与输出之间的连续可变扭矩和速度比，而无需通过可变元件发送全部功率。电变速传动系统可采用差动传动，通过一对电动机/发电机来发送其发射功率的一部分以及通过全部为机械的且直接的、具有定比或者是可选的另一个并联通路来发送其功率的其余部分。如本领域的技术人员众所周知的那样，差动传动的一种形式可构成行星齿轮组。实际上，行星传动通常用于差动传动发明的优选实施例，其优点是紧凑以及行星齿轮组的所有构件之间的不同扭矩和速度比。但是，能够不用行星齿轮来构建本发明，例如采用锥形差动齿轮或其它差动齿轮。
例如，典型的汽车轴中出现的一组锥形差动齿轮由行星架上的三个或四个小锥齿轮以及各轴的啮合锥齿轮构成。为了替换本发明的第一实施例中的第一组行星齿轮装置，第一组锥形差动齿轮的行星架将连接到输入端，通常连接到轮轴的一个锥齿轮则被连接到第一电动机，另一个这种锥齿轮将连接到中心轴。锥形差动齿轮可同样地取代第二组行星齿轮装置，因此本发明可在没有任何行星齿轮的情况下实现。
用于车辆的混合电变速传动系统还包括：蓄电池，允许机械输出功率不同于机械输入功率；以及发动机，通过传动系统和再生车辆制动来启动。
车辆中的电变速传动可以只发送机械功率。要进行这种操作，一个电动机/发电机所产生的电力平衡电损耗与另一个电动机/发电机所消耗的电力。车辆中的混合电变速传动系统包括蓄电池，因此一个电动机/发电机所产生的电力可大于或小于另一个所消耗的电力。来自电池的电力有时可允许两个电动机/发电机用作电动机，尤其是帮助发动机进行车辆加速。两个电动机有时可用作发电机，以便对电池再充电，尤其是在再生车辆制动中。
对串联混合传动系统的最成功替代品之一是变速双模输入分离并联混合电传动系统。这种传动系统利用输入部件从车辆发动机接收动力，以及利用动力输出部件传送动力来驱动车辆。第一和第二电动机/发电机连接到能量贮存装置、如电池，使得能量贮存装置可从第一和第二电动机/发电机接收能量以及向其提供能量。控制单元调整能量贮存装置和电动机/发电机之间以及第一和第二电动机/发电机之间的能量流。
第一或第二模式中的操作可通过采用具有扭矩传递机构性质的离合器有选择地实现。在一种模式中，传动的输出速度与一个电动机/发电机的速度成比例，以及在第二模式中，传动的输出速度一般与另一个电动机/发电机的速度成比例。
在变速双模输入分离并联混合电传动系统的一些实施例中，采用第二行星齿轮组。另外，一些实施例可采用三个扭矩传递机构-两个用于选择传动系统所需的操作模式，第三个有选择地断开发动机与传动系统。在其它实施例中，所有三个扭矩传递机构可用来选择传动的预期操作模式。
本领域的技术人员会理解，采用功率分离配置的传动系统将从两个源接收功率。一个或多个行星齿轮组的使用允许两个或两个以上齿轮系或模式，通过它们把功率从传动系统的输入构件输送到其输出构件。
因此，本领域需要一种大马力传动系统，它采用电贮存装置所提供的极小附加能量来提供最大功率。还希望提高在高输出速度时的整体效率。这些目标可通过双模复合分离机电传动来实现，它提供为连续恒定速度操作以及高平均功率应用寻求的所期望的高效率。
2003年3月4日授予Holmes等人的、与本申请共同转让的美国专利No.6527658公开了一种利用两个行星齿轮组、两个电动机/发电机以及两个离合器来提供输入分离、复合分离、空档以及倒车操作模式的电变速传动系统。两个行星齿轮组可以是简单的，或者一个可以是单独复合的。电控制构件调整能量贮存装置与两个电动机/发电机之间的能量流。这个传动系统提供电变速传动(EVT)操作的两种范围或模式，提供操作的输入功率分离或复合功率分离模式，以及一个定比是可用的。“定比”是一种操作条件，其中，没有能量流经电动机/发电机，从而使损耗最小。
2004年7月22日提交的Holmes等人的标题为“具有选择性定比操作的电变速传动系统”、序号为60/590427的美国临时专利申请公开了一种电变速传动系统，它具有两个行星齿轮组、两个电动机/发电机以及三个、四个或五个扭矩传递机构，提供操作的输入分离、复合分离、输出分离、空档和电倒车模式，该申请与本申请共同转让，通过引用将其结合于此。
发明内容
本发明提供各种符号图配置，它们对应于以上引用的美国专利No.6527658和以上引用的2004年7月22日提交的Holmes等人的标题为“具有选择性定比操作的电变速传动系统”、序号为60/590427的美国临时专利申请中描述的能量流。
符号图不只是能量流，而且提供行星齿轮组、离合器、电动机、轴、轴承等的包装和位置信息。符号图是实际截面的前体，因为它标识各组件将被设置的位置，以及组件将以什么方式被支撑和互连。符号图还表示各种离合器在轮毂或活塞壳体内行星齿轮组之间或附近如何被定位及支撑。
更明确来说，本发明提供一种电变速传动系统，包括：输入构件，从发动机接收动力；输出构件，连接到传动齿轮；第一和第二电动机/发电机；以及第一和第二简单行星齿轮组，各具有第一、第二和第三构件。输入构件连续连接到第一齿轮组的第一构件，以及输出构件连续连接到第二齿轮组的第一构件。第一电动机/发电机连续连接到第一齿轮组的第二构件。第二电动机/发电机与第一或第二齿轮组的第三构件连续连接。第一扭矩传递机构有选择地限制第二齿轮组的第二构件。第二扭矩传递机构有选择地将第二齿轮组的第二构件连接到第一电动机/发电机。第一齿轮组的第三构件有选择或连续地与所述第二齿轮组的第三构件连接。传动齿轮和第一、第二扭矩传递机构设置在第一与第二齿轮组之间。
第一齿轮组的第一、第二和第三构件分别以行星架、恒星齿轮和环形齿轮来实现，以及第二齿轮组的第一、第二和第三构件分别以行星架、环形齿轮和恒星齿轮来实现。
可选的第三扭矩传递机构有选择地限制第一齿轮组的第二或第三构件，或者有选择地限制第二齿轮组的第三构件，其中第三扭矩传递机构没有设置在第一与第二齿轮组之间。
可选的第四扭矩传递机构有选择地将所述第一行星齿轮组的第三构件与所述第二行星齿轮组的所述第三构件连接。
在一个实施例中，第一行星齿轮组的第三构件通过配置成爪形离合器的第三扭矩传递机构有选择地与第二行星齿轮组的第三构件连接；第四扭矩传递机构有选择地把第一行星齿轮组的第一和第三构件相互连接；以及在操作上作为单向离合器的第五扭矩传递机构有选择地限制第一行星齿轮组的第三构件。
此外，第一电动机/发电机的刚性转子支撑构件和转子支撑轴承设置在第一与第二行星齿轮组之间。
通过结合附图阅读以下对执行本发明的优选实施例的详细说明，本发明的上述特征和优点以及其它特征和优点变得非常明显。
附图说明
图1表示根据本发明的电变速传动系统的示意符号图；
图2表示根据本发明的第一备选实施例的电变速传动系统的示意符号图；
图3表示根据本发明的第二备选实施例的电变速传动系统的示意符号图；
图4表示根据本发明的第三备选实施例的电变速传动系统的示意符号图；以及
图5表示根据本发明的第四备选实施例的电变速传动系统的示意符号图。
具体实施方式
参照图1，改进的电变速传动系统的一个优选实施例一般由标号10表示。传动系统10设计成从发动机12接收其驱动功率的至少一部分。如图所示，发动机12具有输出轴14，输出轴14还可用作瞬时扭矩阻尼器16的向前输入构件。瞬时扭矩阻尼器在本领域是众所周知的，但不管所采用的特定瞬时扭矩阻尼器16如何，其输出构件均用作传动系统10的输入构件18。
在所述实施例中，发动机12可以是矿物燃料发动机、如柴油机，它轻易地适合提供它的通常以恒定的每分钟转数(RPM)输送的可用功率输出。
与发动机12连接到传动输入构件18的方式无关，传动输入构件18在操作上连接到传动系统10中的行星齿轮组20。传动系统10采用最好是具有简单行星齿轮组性质的两个齿轮组。第一行星齿轮组20采用围绕内恒星齿轮24的外环形齿轮22。行星架26可旋转地支撑多个行星齿轮，使得各行星齿轮同时以啮合方式接合外环形齿轮22以及内恒星齿轮24。输入构件18固定到第一行星齿轮组20的行星架26。
第二行星齿轮组32也具有围绕内恒星齿轮36的外环形齿轮34。多个行星齿轮可旋转地支撑在行星架40上，使得行星齿轮接合外环形齿轮34以及内恒星齿轮36。
尽管行星齿轮组20和32都是简单行星齿轮组，但第一和第二行星齿轮组20和32被复合，因为行星齿轮组32的恒星齿轮36与行星齿轮组20的环形齿轮22连续连接。
这个实施例10还分别结合了第一和第二电动机/发电机46、48。第一电动机/发电机46的定子50固定到传动系统壳体54。第一电动机/发电机46的转子56经由刚性构件56A固定到第一行星齿轮组20的恒星齿轮24。第二电动机/发电机48的定子66也被固定到传动系统壳体54。第二电动机/发电机48的转子68经由刚性构件68A固定到恒星齿轮36。
第二行星齿轮组32的环形齿轮34通过具有扭矩传递机构62(CL1)性质的第一离合器部件有选择地限制到壳体54。也就是说，所限制的环形齿轮34通过在操作上连接到不可转动的壳体54有选择地固定，以防止转动。第二行星齿轮组32的环形齿轮34还通过具有扭矩传递机构64(CL2)性质的第二离合器部件有选择地连接到恒星齿轮24。第一和第二扭矩传递机构62、64用来帮助选择混合传动系统10的操作模式。
两个行星齿轮组20和32围绕第一轴41同轴定向。
传动系统10的输出驱动构件70固定到第二行星齿轮组32的行星架40。如图1所示，输出驱动构件70连接到把功率传递给副齿轮76的传动齿轮74。功率则围绕第二轴78从齿轮80传递到差动82，最后传递到左、右轮84、86。
如图所示，在这种配置中，传动齿轮74设置在两个行星齿轮组20、32之间以及电动机46、48之间。传动齿轮74还处于两个离合器62、64之间。传动齿轮74支撑在轴承90上，轴承90相对于传动系统壳体54被刚性支撑在轮毂92上。电动机/发电机46、48分别支撑在轴承94、96上，使得各电动机/发电机的一侧得到支撑。
传动系统10的操作在以上引用的美国专利No.6527658中描述。
如本申请的图1所示，传动齿轮74、轴承90和94、离合器62和64、以及电动机/发电机支撑构件56A均包装在两个简单行星齿轮组20与32之间。
如所附权利要求中所提及的，“第一”行星齿轮组是齿轮组20，以及“第二”行星齿轮组是齿轮组32。“第一”电动机/发电机是电动机/发电机46，以及“第二”电动机/发电机是电动机/发电机48。第一行星齿轮组20的所述第一、第二和第三构件分别是行星架26、恒星齿轮24和环形齿轮22。第二行星齿轮组32的第一、第二和第三构件分别是行星架40、环形齿轮34和恒星齿轮36。
现在转到图2，表示根据本发明的第一备选实施例的传动系统110，它与图1所示的几乎相同。同样的参考标号用于图2中以描述与图1同样的组件。
图2的传动系统110与图1的传动系统10之间的唯一差别在于，在图2中，添加了扭矩传递机构165(CL3)，以便有选择地把第二行星齿轮组32的恒星齿轮36与传动系统壳体54连接。扭矩传递机构165(CL3)是摩擦离合器，它在操作上作为超速驱动刹车，以便为传动系统110提供第三定比。其余组件与以上针对图1所述的相同。在此不重复这种描述。
因此，如图2所示，传动齿轮74、轴承90和94、离合器62和64、以及电动机/发电机支撑构件56A均包装在两个简单行星齿轮组20与32之间。
现在转到图3，说明根据本发明的第二备选实施例的传动系统210。在图3中，同样的参考标号表示与图1和图2中同样的组件。这种传动系统配置与图2所示的传动系统110相同，但添加了摩擦离合器268。离合器268有选择地把恒星齿轮36与环形齿轮22连接。它可工作以有选择地将发动机12和第一行星齿轮组20从第二行星齿轮组32脱开。因此，第一电动机/发电机46可用来启动发动机，以及发动机12可激励电动机/发电机46，电动机/发电机46帮助电动机/发电机48反向驱动车辆。电动机/发电机48也可独立地驱动车辆。类似离合器的操作以及相应的描述可见于2004年9月22日提交的序号为10/946760(代理人档案号GP-304685)、标题为“去耦发动机反向充电的电变速传动系统”的Sowul等人的美国专利申请。通过引用将这个申请完整地结合到本文中。
图3所示的其余结构与图2相同，因此在此不重复描述。
现在转到图4，在图4中表示根据本发明的第三备选实施例的传动系统310，它实质上与图3所示的传动系统210相同，但图3的扭矩传递机构165已经变更为图4所示的位置上的单向离合器365，以及在图4中添加了锁定离合器366。单向离合器365改进包装，因为单向离合器比摩擦离合器更小。扭矩传递机构366是直接驱动1∶1离合器，它将第一行星齿轮组20锁定到直接驱动比。图4的其余组件与图3的传动系统的组件相同，并且同样的参考标号用来表示与图1-3同样的组件。
现在转到图5，在图5中表示根据本发明的第四备选实施例的传动系统410，它与图4所示的传动系统310相同，但图4的离合器268在图5中重新配置为爪形离合器468。爪形离合器468改进包装。图5中同样的参考标号说明与图1-4同样的组件。
虽然已经详细描述了用于执行本发明的最佳模式，但是本发明涉及的领域的技术人员将会认识到在本文所定义的本发明的精神和范围内实施本发明的各种备选设计和实施例。

Claims (8)

1.一种电变速传动系统，包括：
输入构件，从发动机接收动力；
输出构件，连接到传动齿轮；
第一和第二电动机/发电机；
第一和第二简单行星齿轮组，各具有第一、第二和第三构件；
所述输入构件连续连接到所述第一齿轮组的所述第一构件，以及所述输出构件连续连接到所述第二齿轮组的所述第一构件；
所述第一电动机/发电机连续连接到所述第一齿轮组的所述第二构件；
所述第二电动机/发电机与所述第二齿轮组的所述第三构件连续连接；
第一扭矩传递机构，有选择地限制所述第二齿轮组的所述第二构件；
第二扭矩传递机构，有选择地把所述第二齿轮组的所述第二构件连接到所述第一电动机/发电机；
第三扭矩传递机构，有选择地限制所述第一齿轮组的所述第三构件，或者有选择地限制所述第二齿轮组的所述第三构件，所述第三扭矩传递机构没有设置在所述第一与第二齿轮组之间；
其中所述第一齿轮组的所述第三构件有选择或连续地与所述第二齿轮组的所述第三构件连接；以及
其中所述传动齿轮和所述第一、第二扭矩传递机构设置在所述第一与第二齿轮组之间。
2.如权利要求1所述的电变速传动系统，其特征在于，所述第一齿轮组的所述第一、第二和第三构件分别是行星架、恒星齿轮和环形齿轮，以及所述第二齿轮组的所述第一、第二和第三构件分别是行星架、环形齿轮和恒星齿轮。
3.如权利要求1所述的电变速传动系统，其特征在于，还包括第五扭矩传递机构，它有选择地把所述第一行星齿轮组的所述第三构件与所述第二行星齿轮组的所述第三构件连接。
4.如权利要求3所述的电变速传动系统，其特征在于，还包括第四扭矩传递机构，它有选择地把所述第一行星齿轮组的所述第一和第三构件相互连接。
5.如权利要求1所述的电变速传动系统，其特征在于，所述第一行星齿轮组的所述第三构件通过配置成爪形离合器的第五扭矩传递机构有选择地与所述第二行星齿轮组的所述第三构件连接，以及还包括第四扭矩传递机构，它有选择地把所述第一行星齿轮组的所述第一和第三构件相互连接，以及在操作上作为单向离合器的第三扭矩传递机构有选择地限制所述第一行星齿轮组的所述第三构件。
6.如权利要求1所述的电变速传动系统，其特征在于，还包括设置在所述第一与第二行星齿轮组之间的所述第一电动机/发电机的刚性转子支撑构件和转子支撑轴承。
7.一种电变速传动系统，包括：
输入构件，从发动机接收动力；
输出构件，连接到传动齿轮；
第一和第二电动机/发电机；
第一和第二简单差动行星齿轮组，各具有恒星齿轮构件和环形齿轮构件，其中每一个以啮合方式接合可旋转地安装在行星架上的多个齿轮构件；
所述输入构件在操作上连接到所述第一差动行星齿轮组的所述行星架；
所述输出构件在操作上连接到所述第二差动行星齿轮组中的所述行星架；
一个电动机/发电机在操作上连接到所述第一差动行星齿轮组中的所述恒星齿轮构件；
另一个电动机/发电机与所述第二差动行星齿轮组的所述恒星齿轮构件以及与所述第一差动行星齿轮组的所述环形齿轮构件连续可操作地连接；
第一扭矩传递机构，有选择地限制所述第二差动行星齿轮组的所述环形齿轮构件；
第二扭矩传递机构，有选择地将所述第二差动行星齿轮组的所述环形齿轮构件连接到所述第一差动行星齿轮组的所述恒星齿轮构件；
第三扭矩传递机构，有选择地限制所述第二齿轮组的所述恒星齿轮构件，所述第三扭矩传递机构没有设置在所述第一与第二齿轮组之间；以及
其中所述传动齿轮和所述第一、第二扭矩传递机构设置在所述第一与第二差动行星齿轮组之间。
8.如权利要求7所述的电变速传动系统，其特征在于，还包括设置在所述第一与第二差动行星齿轮组之间的所述第一电动机/发电机的刚性转子支撑构件和转子支撑轴承。
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