CN1717901A - Random access for wireless multiple-access communication systems - Google Patents

Abstract

A multiple-access MIMO WLAN system that employs MIMO, OFDM, and TDD. The system (1) uses a channel structure with a number of configurable transport channels, (2) supports multiple rates and transmission modes, which are configurable based on channel conditions and user terminal capabilities, (3) employs a pilot structure with several types of pilot (e.g., beacon, MIMO, steered reference, and carrier pilots) for different functions, (4) implements rate, timing, and power control loops for proper system operation, and (5) employs random access for system access by the user terminals, fast acknowledgment, and quick resource assignments. Calibration may be performed to account for differences in the frequency responses of transmit/receive chains at the access point and user terminals. The spatial processing may then be simplified by taking advantage of the reciprocal nature of the downlink and uplink and the calibration.

Description

The access at random of wireless multiple-access communication system

Require priority according to 25U.S.C. § 119

The application requires the priority of No. the 60/421st, 309, U.S. Provisional Patent Application, and the latter is entitled as " MIMOWLAN System ", submits on October 25th, 2002, is transferred to assignee of the present invention and is incorporated into this fully by reference.

The application requires U.S. Provisional Patent Application the 60/432nd, No. 440 priority, the latter is entitled as " RandomAccess For Wireless Multiple-Access Communication Systems ", submit on December 10th, 2002, be transferred to assignee of the present invention and be incorporated into this fully by reference.

Technical field

The present invention relates generally to data communication, relate in particular to the technology of being convenient in the wireless multiple-access communication system that inserts at random.

Background technology

Wireless communication system is widely used in provides various types of communication, such as voice, grouped data or the like.These systems can support multi-address system with a plurality of user terminal communications by sharing the available system resource.The example of this multi-address system comprises code division multiple access (CDMA) system, time division multiple access (TDMA) system and frequency division multiple access (FDMA) system.

In multi-address communication system, a plurality of user terminals may be wished at connecting system constantly at random.These user terminals may or may may have the timing that regularly departs from respect to system not to system registry, may know the propagation delay of maybe may not know its access point.Thereby, may take place constantly at random in the transmission of the user terminal of attempting connecting system, may or may not receive suitably time unifying of access point place.Access point can need to detect these transmission so that the specific user terminal of sign expectation connecting system.

For wireless multiple access system design random access scheme the time, run into various difficult problems.For example, random access scheme should make the user terminal can be with the quick connecting system of the least possible trial.In addition, random access scheme should effectively and consume the least possible system resource.

Therefore the random access scheme effectively and efficiently that needs a kind of wireless multiple-access communication system in this area.

Summary of the invention

The technology of being convenient in the wireless multiple-access communication system that inserts at random is provided here.On the one hand, define a Random Access Channel (RACH) and comprise " soon " Random Access Channel (F-RACH) and " slowly " Random Access Channel (S-RACH).F-RACH can support user terminal effectively and adopt different designs with S-RACH under the different operating state.F-RACH is effectively, and can be used for quick connecting system, and S-RACH is more sane and can support user terminal under various operating states and condition.F-RACH can be by using to the user terminal of system registry, and can regularly compensate their round-trip delay (RTD) by suitable their transmission in advance.S-RACH can be by may be to system registry or do not used to the user terminal of system registry, and perhaps can compensate the RTD that maybe can not compensate them.User terminal can use F-RACH or S-RACH or both to come connecting system.

Be described in further detail various aspects of the present invention and embodiment below.

Description of drawings

From the detailed description that proposes in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, it is more obvious that feature of the present invention, characteristic and advantage will become, and reference character identical in the accompanying drawing is represented components identical, wherein:

Fig. 1 illustrates a wireless multiple-access communication system;

Fig. 2 illustrates (TDD) frame structure of a time-division duplex;

Fig. 3 A and 3B illustrate the structure of time slot of F-RACH and S-RACH respectively;

Fig. 4 illustrates total process of using F-RACH and/or S-RACH to come connecting system;

Fig. 5 and 6 illustrates the process of using F-RACH and S-RACH to come connecting system respectively;

Fig. 7 A and 7B illustrate the exemplary transmission on S-RACH and the F-RACH respectively;

Fig. 8 illustrates an access point and two user terminals;

Fig. 9 illustrates the block diagram that end sends data processor;

Figure 10 A and 10B illustrate the block diagram that sends processing unit in the data processor;

Figure 11 illustrates the block diagram that sends spatial processor in the terminal;

Figure 12 A illustrates the block diagram of OFDM modulator; And

Figure 12 B has illustrated an OFDM code element.

Embodiment

Here use word " exemplary " to mean " serving as example, example or explanation ".Here any embodiment or the design that are described as " exemplary " all needn't be regarded as more more preferred or favourable than other embodiment or design.

Fig. 1 illustrates the wireless multiple-access communication system 100 of supporting a plurality of users.System 100 comprises a plurality of access points (AP) 110 of the communication of supporting a plurality of user terminals (UT) 120.For simplicity, two access point 110a and 110b only are shown among Fig. 1.Access point generally is to be used for and the fixed station of user terminal communication.Access point is also referred to as base station or some other term.

User terminal 120 can spread in the system.Each user terminal can be the fixing or portable terminal that can communicate by letter with access point.User terminal is also referred to as and accesses terminal, mobile radio station, distant station, subscriber equipment (UE), wireless device or some other term.Each user terminal can be engraved in when given on down link and/or the up link and one or may communicate by a plurality of access points any.Down link (being forward link) is meant the transmission from the access point to the user terminal, and up link (being reverse link) is meant the transmission from the user terminal to the access point.

Among Fig. 1, access point 110a communicates by letter with user terminal 120a by 120f, and access point 110b communicates by letter with user terminal 120f by 120k.System controller 130 is coupled to access point 110, and can be designed to carry out a plurality of functions, the access point that is coupled to it is coordinated and controlled such as (1), (2) route data between these access points, and (3) are controlled with communicating by letter for the access of the user terminal of serving with these access points.

Access technology at random described here can be used for various wireless multiple-access communication systems.For example, these technology can be used for adopting following system: (1) is used for one or more antenna of data transmission and one or more antenna that is used for Data Receiving, (2) various modulation techniques (for example CDMA, OFDM or the like), and one or more frequency bands of (3) down link and up link.

For clear, the access technology at random that has been in particular an exemplary wireless multiple access system description below.In this system, each access point all is equipped with and is used for many (for example four) antennas that data send and receive, and each user terminal can be equipped with one or more antenna.

System also adopts OFDM (OFDM), and it effectively is divided into a plurality of (N to the total system bandwidth _FIndividual) orthogonal subbands.In a kind of particular design, system bandwidth is 20MHz, N _F=64, to+31, each duration through the conversion code element is 3.2 microseconds to allocation of subbands to index-32, and Cyclic Prefix is 800nsec, and the duration of each OFDM code element is 4.0 microseconds.The OFDM code-element period is also referred to as code-element period, and it is corresponding to the duration of an OFDM code element.

System also uses single frequency band for down link and up link, and down link and up link use time division duplex (TDD) to share this common frequency band.In addition, system has adopted a plurality of transmission channels to be convenient to transfer of data on down link and the up link.

Fig. 2 illustrates the frame structure 200 that can be used for the wireless TDD multi-address system.Transmission is that unit takes place with the tdd frame, and each tdd frame has all covered a specific time remaining phase (for example 2 milliseconds).Each tdd frame is divided into downlink phase and uplink phase.Each down link and uplink phase further are divided into a plurality of segmentations that are used for a plurality of downlink/uplink transmission channels.

In the embodiment shown in Figure 2, downlink transmission channel comprises broadcast channel (BCH), forward control channel (FCCH) and forward channel (FCH), and they are sent out in segmentation 210,220 and 230 respectively.BCH is used for sending: (1) can be used for the beacon pilot frequency of system's timing and frequency acquisition, and (2) can be used for the MIMO pilot tone of channel estimating, and (3) carry the BCH message of system information.FCCH is used for sending to the affirmation of RACH and the distribution of down link and uplink resource.FCH is used on down link the packet of user's special use, paging and broadcast or the like being sent to user terminal.

In the embodiment shown in Figure 2, uplink transmission channels comprises backward channel (RCH) and Random Access Channel (RACH), and they are sent out in segmentation 240 and 250 respectively.RCH is used for sending packet on up link.RACH is used for connecting system by user terminal.

Frame structure shown in Figure 2 and transmission channel are described in further detail in No. the 60/421st, 309, above-mentioned interim U.S. Patent application.

1. The RACH structure

On the one hand, RACH is made up of " soon " Random Access Channel (F-RACH) and " slowly " Random Access Channel (S-RACH).F-RACH is designed to support user terminal effectively under different operating states with S-RACH, and adopts different designs.F-RACH can be by using to the user terminal of system registry, and can regularly compensate their round-trip delay (RTD) by their transmission in advance suitably, and is as described below.S-RACH can be by having caught system frequency (for example beacon pilot frequency) by on BCH, sending but may be to or do not use to the user terminal of system registry.When sending on S-RACH, user terminal may compensate or may their RTD of uncompensation.

Table 1 has been summed up requirement and the feature of F-RACH and S-RACH.

Table 1

The RACH type	Describe
		F-RACH	User terminal by following type is used for system's access: (1) is to system registry, (2) can compensate their round-trip delay, and (3) can realize required received signal to noise ratio (SNR), is the Aloha random access scheme that F-RACH uses one fen time slot.
S-RACH	Be used for system by the user terminal that can not use F-RACH and insert, for example because fail to satisfy arbitrary requirement of using F-RACH.For S-RACH uses an Aloha random access scheme.

Be convenient to quick connecting system when possible for F-RACH and S-RACH have used different designs, and make realization insert required amount minimum at random.In one embodiment, F-RACH uses short protocol Data Unit (PDU), adopts more weak encoding scheme, and requires F-RACH PDU time proximity to arrive the access point place alignedly.In one embodiment, S-RACH uses long PDU, adopts stronger encoding scheme, and does not require that S-RACH PDU time unifying ground arrives the access point place.The design of F-RACH and S-RACH and their purposes are discussed in more detail below.

In a typical wireless communication system, each user terminal regularly aligns it with the timing of system.This realizes by receiving the transmission (for example beacon pilot frequency that sends at BCH) that has or be embedded with timing information from access point usually.Then, user terminal is provided with it regularly based on the timing information that receives.Yet user terminal regularly regularly departs from respect to system, and wherein bias is generally corresponding to the propagation delay of the transmission that comprises timing information.If after this user terminal uses it regularly to send, then the transmission that receives of access point place has been postponed the propagation delay (being round-trip delay) of twice effectively, one of them propagation delay is used for the difference between user terminal timing and the system's timing or departs from, and another propagation delay is used for the transmission (seeing Fig. 7 A) from the user terminal to the access point.For make a transmission based on access point timing in specific instantaneous arrival, user terminal can need to regulate it and send the regularly round-trip delay (seeing Fig. 7 B) to compensate to access point.

As used herein, the transmission of RTD compensation is meant the transmission that is sent out by this way: make it based on the instantaneous arrival receiver place of receiver timing in appointment.Therefore (may there be some errors, can approach but unnecessaryly receive transmission appointment instantaneous fully.) if user terminal can regularly regularly align it with system (for example both timings all obtain based on gps time), then the transmission of RTD compensation only can need to remedy the propagation delay from the user terminal to the access point.

Fig. 2 also illustrates an embodiment of the structure of RACH.In this embodiment, RACH segmentation 250 is divided into the segmentation 252 of three segmentation: F-RACH, segmentation 254 and the protection segmentation 256 of S-RACH.Therefore the F-RACH segmentation is first in the RACH segmentation, because the transmission on the F-RACH compensates through RTD, can not disturb the transmission in the RCH segmentation of front.Secondly the S-RACH segmentation appears in the RACH segmentation, because the transmission on the S-RACH compensates without RTD, and if put in the first place then can disturb transmission in the RCH segmentation of front.The protection segmentation is followed after the S-RACH segmentation, and is used for stoping the S-RACH transmission to disturb the downlink transmission of next tdd frame BCH.

In one embodiment, the configuration of F-RACH and S-RACH can both dynamically be defined for each tdd frame by system.For example, can define the original position of RACH segmentation, the duration of F-RACH segmentation, the duration and the protection interval of S-RACH segmentation separately for each tdd frame.The duration of F-RACH and S-RACH segmentation can be selected based on various factors, for example registered/unregistered user terminal number, system load or the like.The parameter that transmits F-RACH and S-RACH configuration for each tdd frame can be sent to user terminal by the BCH message that sends in same tdd frame.

Fig. 3 A illustrates an embodiment of the structure of time slot 300 that can be used for F-RACH.The F-RACH segmentation is divided into a plurality of F-RACH time slots.Available specific F-RACH number of time slot is a configurable parameter in each tdd frame, is transmitted in the BCH message that it sends in same tdd frame.In one embodiment, each F-RACH time slot has a fixing duration, and it is defined as equaling for example OFDM code-element period.

In one embodiment, a S-RACH PDU can be sent out in each S-RACH time slot.S-RACH PDU comprises one with reference to part, and the back is a S-RACH message and then.In a certain embodiments, with reference to partly comprising two pilot tone OFDM code elements, they are convenient to catch and detect the S-RACH transmission and help S-RACH message is partly carried out coherent demodulation.Pilot tone OFDM code element can followingly generate.

Table 3 is listed each field of an exemplary S-RACH message format.

Table 3-S-RACH message

Field name	Length (bit)	Describe
			MAC ID	10	Distribute to the interim ID of user terminal
CRC	8	The crc value of S-RACH message
			The tail bit	6	The tail bit of convolution coder

For the embodiment shown in the table 3, S-RACH message comprises three fields.MAC ID and tail bit field are as mentioned above.S-RACH can be used for system by unregistered user terminal and insert.System's first time that carries out for unregistered user terminal inserts, and unique MAC ID is not distributed to user terminal as yet.Under this situation, before the unique MAC ID of distribution, the registration MAC ID that keeps for the registration purpose can be used by unregistered user terminal.Registration MAC ID is a specific value (for example 0x0001).The Cyclic Redundancy Check field comprises a crc value of S-RACH message.This crc value can be used for determining that the S-RACH message that receives is correctly decoded or by decoded in error by access point.Therefore, crc value is used for making the possibility minimum that detects S-RACH message improperly.

Table 2 and 3 illustrates the specific embodiment of the form of F-RACH and S-RACH message.Also can have other form of less, additional and/or different field for these message definitions, this within the scope of the invention.For example, can define S-RACH message and comprise a time slot id field, this field has the index of the specific S-RACH time slot that wherein sends S-RACH PDU.For another example, F-RACH message can be defined as comprising a crc field.

Fig. 3 A and 3B illustrate the special construction of F-RACH and S-RACH.Also can define other structure for F-RACH and S-RACH, this within the scope of the invention.For example, F-RACH and/or S-RACH can be defined as having the configurable time slot duration, and the described time slot duration can be transmitted in BCH message.

Fig. 3 A and 3B also illustrate the specific embodiment of F-RACH and S-RACH PDU.Also can define other PDU form, this within the scope of the invention.For example, also can use subband multiplexing for S-RACH PDU.In addition, the part of each PDU can be defined as having and be different from above-mentioned size.For example, the reference of S-RACH PDU partly can be defined as only comprising a pilot tone OFDM code element.

F-RACH and S-RACH are used for inserting at random can provide various benefits.At first, can realize improved efficient by user terminal being separated into two groups.The user terminal that the SNR that satisfies timing and receive requires can use more efficiently F-RACH to insert at random, and all other user terminal can both be supported by S-RACH.F-RACH can work like that to the Aloha of minute time slot channel, this minute time slot the known ratio of the Aloha channel approximate high twice of efficient of not dividing the Aloha channel of realization.The user terminal that can not compensate its RTD can be restricted to S-RACH, and can not disturb the user terminal on the F-RACH.

Secondly, can use different detection thresholds with S-RACH for F-RACH.This flexibility makes system can realize different targets.For example, the detection threshold of F-RACH can be set as the detection threshold that is higher than S-RACH.So this makes system can help user terminal via the F-RACH connecting system that more effectively (promptly has higher reception SNR), and higher overall system throughput can be provided.The detection threshold of S-RACH can be established lowlyer, so that make whole user terminals (having specific minimum receive SNR) can both connecting system.

Its three, can be that F-RACH and S-RACH use different design and PDU.For above-mentioned specific embodiment, F-RACH PDU is made up of an OFDM code element, and S-RACH PDU is made up of four OFDM code elements.Different PDU sizes is because the user of F-RACH and the different pieces of information that the user sent of S-RACH also are because F-RACH and the different encoding schemes of S-RACH and required reception SNR.Generally speaking, F-RACH can be than the approximate high octuple of S-RACH efficient, and wherein the factor 4 stems from short PDU size, and the factor 2 stems from the branch time slot characteristic of F-RACH.Therefore, for the same segmentation duration, F-RACH can support the user terminal number of octuple in S-RACH.From another perspective, the duration is the user terminal that 1/8 F-RACH segmentation of S-RACH segmentation can be supported equal number.

2. Random access procedure

User terminal can use F-RACH or S-RACH or its, and both come connecting system.At first, do not come connecting system to user terminal (being unallocated user terminal) the use S-RACH of system registry to unique MAC ID.In case registered, user terminal just can use F-RACH and/or S-RACH to carry out system and insert.

Owing to used different designs for F-RACH with S-RACH, the transmission requirement that therefore successfully detects on the F-RACH is transmitted the required higher reception SNR of reception SNR than S-RACH is last.For this reason, can not send with the default meeting use of the user terminal of realizing the reception SNR that F-RACH is required S-RACH with enough power levels.In addition, if fail the back connecting system of the continuous trial of a specified quantity on F-RACH, then S-RACH is used in its also default meeting.

Fig. 4 illustrates user terminal and uses F-RACH and/or S-RACH to come the embodiment flow chart of the performed process of connecting system 400.At first, determine that whether user terminal is to system registry (step 412).If answer to all, then to use S-RACH to carry out system and insert, process advances to step 430.Otherwise whether the reception SNR that then is defined as the user terminal realization is more than or equal to the required reception SNR of F-RACH (being F-RACH threshold value SNR) (step 414).If reception SNR the unknown of user terminal then skips steps 414.If the answer of step 414 is that then process does not advance to step 430 yet.

If user terminal is registered and satisfy F-RACH threshold value SNR, then carry out the F-RACH access procedure to attempt connecting system (step 420).After the F-RACH access procedure is finished (embodiment Fig. 5 below is described), determine access whether successfully (step 422).If answer to being, then announce to insert successfully (step 424), this process stops.Otherwise process advances to step 430 and inserts via S-RACH with trial.

If terminal is unregistered, can not realize F-RACH threshold value SNR or unsuccessful when inserting via F-RAHC, then its is carried out S-RACH access procedure and attempts connecting system (step 430).After the S-RACH access procedure is finished (embodiment as below Fig. 6 as described in), determine to insert whether success (step 432).If answer to being that then declaration inserts successfully (step 424).Otherwise, announce access failure (step 434).In either case, process all stops.

For simplicity, embodiment shown in Figure 4 suppose user terminal have relevant it whether to the up-to-date RTD information of system registry.If user terminal is static (promptly being in fixed station) or wireless channel how not change, then this hypothesis generally is actual.For the user terminal that moves, RTD may change between system inserts significantly, perhaps may change significantly between access attempts.Therefore, can determine to comprise whether user terminal has the step of up-to-date RTD information by modification process 400.This determines and can make based on following, for example: from last system insert time of passing, observed channel behavior between last once system access periods, or the like.

Usually, there is the multiclass Random Access Channel available, at first selects a Random Access Channel for use based on the operating state of user terminal.Operating state can be by to give a definition, for example: the login state of user terminal, receive SNR, current RTD information or the like.User terminal can use a plurality of Random Access Channel for system inserts, and uses a channel at every turn.

A. The F-RACH process

In one embodiment, F-RACH uses the Aloha random access scheme of one fen time slot, and user terminal sends in the F-RACH time slot of selecting at random to attempt connecting system whereby.Suppose that user terminal has current RTD information when sending on F-RACH.As a result, suppose that F-RACH PDU is at access point place and F-RACH boundary of time slot time unifying.The turn-on time that this can simplify testing process greatly and shorten user terminal, this can satisfy the requirement of using F-RACH.

Before obtaining access or surpassing the maximum access attempts number of times that allows, user terminal can send a plurality of transmission on F-RACH.Can change various parameters to improve probability of successful for each F-RACH transmits, as described below.

Fig. 5 illustrates user terminal and uses F-RACH to come the embodiment flow chart of the performed process 420a of connecting system.Process 420a is an embodiment of the F-RACH access procedure carried out in the step 420 among Fig. 4.

Before the transmission first time on the F-RACH, the user terminal initialization is used for each parameter (step 512) that F-RACH goes up transmission.This parameter for example can comprise: access attempts number of times, initial transmission power or the like.Can keep a counter and come to count inserting number of attempt, for the access attempts first time, this counter can be initialized to 1.The expection that is arranged so that of initialization probability can realize the required reception SNR of F-RACH at the access point place.The initialization probability can be estimated based on the received signal intensity or the SNR of the access point of user terminal place tolerance.This process enters circulation 520 then.

For on the F-RACH each the transmission, user terminal all treatments B CH so that obtain the relevant system parameters (step 522) of current tdd frame.As mentioned above, available F-RACH number of time slot and the initial of F-RACH segmentation is configurable parameter in each tdd frame, and they can change along with the change of frame.Obtain the BCH message that the F-RACH parameter of current tdd frame sends in same frame.Then, user terminal selects one of available F-RACH time slot so that F-RACH PDU is sent to access point (step 524) randomly.User terminal then sends F-RACH PDU with compensation RTD, makes when PDU arrives the access point place and the starting approximation time unifying of selected F-RACH time slot.

Access point receives and handles F-RACH PDU, recover packaged F-RACH message and the message determining to be recovered in the MAC ID that comprises.For the embodiment shown in the table 2, F-RACH message does not comprise a crc value, so access point can not determine that message is correctly decoded or by decoded in error.Yet, because only the user terminal of registration just uses F-RACH to carry out system to insert, and because the user terminal of each registration all is assigned to a unique MAC ID, so the access point MAC ID that can come verification to receive according to the MAC ID that is distributed.If the MAC ID that receives is one of MAC ID that is distributed, then access point confirms to receive the reception of F-RACH PDU.This affirmation can send in every way, and is as described below.

After sending F-RACH PDU, user terminal determines whether to receive the confirmation (step 528) for the PDU that is sent.If answer to being that then user terminal changes active state (step 530) into, the process termination.Otherwise if be not that the F-RACH PDU that is sent receives the confirmation in the tdd frame that specifies number, then user terminal supposition access point had not received the access procedure on F-RACH PDU and the continuation F-RACH.

For each follow-up access attempts, user terminal at first upgrades F-RACH transmission parameter (step 534).Renewal may need (1) for each follow-up access attempts counter to be increased one, and (2) regulate transmitted power (for example it being improved a specific quantity).Determine whether to exceed F-RACH based on the Counter Value after upgrading then and go up the maximum access attempts number of times (step 536) that allows.If answer to being that then user terminal remains on access state (step 538), the process termination.

If do not exceed the maximum access attempts number of times that allows, then user terminal is determined at the time quantum for need before access attempts sends F-RACH PDU to wait for next time.In order to determine waiting time, the maximum time amount that the at first definite access attempts next time of user terminal will be waited for is also referred to as contention window (CW).In one embodiment, to be exponential increase for each access attempts (be CW=2 to contention window (is unit with the tdd frame) ^{Access_attempt}).Contention window also can be determined based on some other function (for example linear function) of access attempts number of times.The time quantum of between zero-sum CW, selecting access attempts next time to wait for then at random.User terminal can waited for this time quantum (step 540) for before access attempts sends F-RACH PDU next time.

After having waited for the stand-by period of selecting at random, user terminal is determined F-RACH parameter (step 522) for current tdd frame once more by treatments B CH message, select a F-RACH time slot to transmit (step 524) at random, and in the F-RACH time slot of selecting at random, send F-RACH PDU (step 526).

The F-RACH access procedure continues, and up to following arbitrary generation: (1) user terminal receives one from access point confirms that perhaps (2) have exceeded the maximum access attempts number of times that allows.For each follow-up access attempts, can be chosen in as described above and send the time quantum that to wait for before the F-RACH PDU, will be the specific F-RACH time slot that uses of F-RACH transmission and the transmitted power of F-RACH PDU.

B. The S-RACH process

In one embodiment, S-RACH uses an Aloha random access scheme, and user terminal sends in the S-RACH time slot of selecting at random to attempt connecting system whereby.Even user terminal is attempted sending on specific S-RACH time slot, not have supposition to be used for the transmission timing that S-RACH goes up transmission yet and compensate through RTD.As a result, when user terminal did not have the good estimation of its RTD, the behavior of S-RACH was similar to the behavior of the Aloha channel of branch time slot.

Fig. 6 illustrates user terminal and uses S-RACH to come the embodiment flow chart of the performed process 430a of connecting system.Process 430a is the embodiment of the S-RACH access procedure of execution in the step 430 of Fig. 4.

Before the transmission first time on the S-RACH, the user terminal initialization is used for each parameter (for example access attempts number of times, initial transmission power or the like) (step 612) that S-RACH goes up transmission.This process enters circulation 620 then.

For each transmission on the S-RACH, user terminal processes BCH comes to obtain for current tdd frame the relevant parameter of S-RACH, such as the available S-RACH number of time slot and initial (step 622) of S-RACH segmentation.User terminal then selects one of available S-RACH time slot to send a S-RACH PDU (step 624).S-RACH PDU comprises the S-RACH message with field shown in the table 3.RACH message or comprise the MAC ID that is distributed is if perhaps user terminal is to system registry then comprise registration MAC ID.Then, user terminal sends to access point (step 626) to S-RACH PDU in selected S-RACH time slot.If user terminal is learned RTD, it just can correspondingly be regulated it and send regularly to remedy RTD.

The message that access point reception and treatment S-RACH PDU, the crc value that recovers to comprise in S-RACH message and the use message come verification to recover.If the CRC failure, access point just abandons S-RACH message.If CRC passes through, the MAC ID that comprises in the message that access point just obtains to be recovered, and the reception of affirmation S-RACHPDU.

After sending S-RACH PDU, user terminal determines whether to be that the PDU that is sent receives the confirmation (step 628).If answer to being that user terminal just changes active state (step 630) into, the process termination.Otherwise user terminal supposition access point had not received S-RACH PDU and continued access procedure on S-RACH.

For each follow-up access attempts, user terminal at first upgrades S-RACH transmission parameter (for example count-up counter, adjusting transmitted power or the like) (step 634).Determine whether to exceed the access attempts number of times (step 636) that the maximum on the S-RACH allows then.If answer to being that then user terminal can remain on access state (step 638), the process termination.Otherwise user terminal is determined sending the time quantum that will wait for before the S-RACH PDU for next access attempts.Stand-by period is as above determined for Fig. 5 describedly.User terminal can be waited for this time quantum (step 640).After having waited for the time of selecting at random, user terminal is determined S-RACH parameter (step 622) for current tdd frame once more by treatments B CH message, select the S-RACH time slot (step 624) be used to transmit at random, and in the S-RACH time slot of selecting at random, send S-RACH PDU (step 626).

Above-mentioned S-RACH access procedure continues, and up to following arbitrary generation: (1) user terminal receives one from access point confirms that perhaps (2) have exceeded the maximum access attempts number of times that allows.

C. RACH confirms

In one embodiment, for the F/S-RACH PDU that confirms correctly to receive, access point is provided with a F/S-RACH acknowledgement bit in BCH message, and sends RACH affirmation on FCCH.Can use F-RACH and S-RACH acknowledgement bit separately respectively for F-RACH and S-RACH.Exist between confirming and postpone the F/S-RACH acknowledgement bit being set on the BCH and sending RACH on the FCCH, it can be used for remedying dispatch delay or the like.The F/S-RACH acknowledgement bit stops the user terminal retry and allows the quick retry of unsuccessful user terminal.

After user terminal sent F/S-RACH PDU, it monitored that BCH and FCCH are to determine whether its PDU has been access in a reception.User terminal monitors that BCH is to determine whether to be provided with corresponding F/S-RACH acknowledgement bit.If be provided with this bit, this shows can be that this and/or some other user terminal send affirmation on FCCH, and then user terminal further confirms to handle FCCH to RACH.Otherwise if this bit is not set, then user terminal continues to monitor BCH or continue its access procedure.

FCCH is used for transmitting the affirmation of successful access attempts.Each RACH confirms to comprise and the MAC ID that is associated for its user terminal that sends affirmation.Can use quick affirmation notify the user its insert that request has been received but unconnected with the distribution of FCH/RCH resource.Be associated with the FCH/RCH distribution based on the affirmation that distributes.If receiving one on FCCH, user terminal confirms that fast it changes resting state into.If user terminal receives one based on the affirmation that distributes, it obtains with the schedule information of confirming transmission, and beginning is used FCH/RCH according to the distribution of system.

If user terminal is being carried out registration, it just uses registration MAC ID.For unregistered user terminal, RACH affirmation meeting indicating user terminal begins the registration process with system.By registration process, based on the unique identification of for example determining user terminal for the unique Electronic Serial Number (ESN) of each user terminal in the system.Then, system can distribute unique MAC ID (for example MAC ID assignment messages by sending) to user terminal on FCH.

For S-RACH, all unregistered user terminals all use identical registration MAC ID to come connecting system.Therefore, a plurality of unregistered user terminals may send in same S-RACH time slot coincidently.Under this situation, if access point can detect the transmission on this S-RACH time slot, system will (unknown ground) begin registration process with a plurality of user terminals simultaneously.By registration process (for example by being these user terminals use CRC and unique ESN), system's problem that can manage conflict.A possible result is, perhaps system can not correctly receive the transmission from any of these user terminals, because they are interfering with each other, user terminal can be restarted access procedure under this situation.Perhaps, perhaps system can correctly receive from the transmission of strong user terminal, and user terminal more weak under this situation can be restarted access procedure.

D. RTD determines

Transmission from unregistered user terminal can not compensate RTD, and when arriving access point and the S-RACH boundary of time slot do not line up.As the part of access/registration process, determine RTD and provide it to user terminal, used for follow-up ul transmissions.RTD can determine in every way, and is as described below.

In first kind of scheme, it is also big to define the S-RACH time slot duration expection RTD longer than all user terminals in the system.For this scheme, the S-RACH PDU that each sent can begin to be received from transmitting same S-RACH time slot pointed.So, will not have ambiguity for using which S-RACH time slot to send S-RACH PDU.

In second kind of scheme, determine RTD by access and registration process piecewise.For this scheme, it is littler than the longest expection RTD to define the S-RACH time slot duration.The S-RACH PDU that is sent then can be received at the zero behind the S-RACH time slot pointed, one or more S-RACH time slot.RTD can be divided into two partly: first partly (first partly can equal 0,1,2 or some other value) of (1) integer S-RACH time slot, and second part of (2) one S-RACH time slot parts.Access point can be determined a described part based on the S-RACH PDU that receives.At period of registration, the transmission that can regulate user terminal regularly compensates a described part, aligns with the S-RACH boundary of time slot when feasible transmission from user terminal arrives.Determine during registration process that then first partly and with it reports to user terminal.

In the third scheme, definition S-RACH message comprises a time slot id field.This field has the index of the specific S-RACH time slot that wherein sends S-RACH PDU.Then, access point can be determined the RTD of user terminal based on the time slot index that comprises in the time slot id field.

But time slot id field accomplished in various ways.In first kind of realization, when keeping same-code speed, increase the S-RACH message duration (for example from 2 to 3 OFDM code elements).In second kind of realization, keep the S-RACH message duration but increase code rate (for example from speed 1/4 to speed 1/2), this allows more information bit.In the third realization, keep the S-RACH PDU duration (for example remaining on 4 OFDM code elements) but prolongation S-RACH message part (for example from 2 to 3 OFDM code elements), and shorten reference partly (for example shortening to 1 OFDM code element) from 2.

The reference of shortening S-RACH PDU partly can reduce the received signal quality of reference, so this can improve the possibility (promptly being higher than the detection probability of losing) that does not detect the S-RACH transmission.Under this situation, can reduce detection threshold (be used for showing and whether have the S-RACH transmission) to realize the loss detection probability of expectation.Lower detection threshold has improved the possibility (higher mistake alarm probability) of announcing to receive the S-RACH transmission when not having the S-RACH transmission.Yet the crc value that comprises in each S-RACH message can be used for realizing acceptable flase drop survey probability.

In the 4th kind of scheme, the time slot index is embedded in the crc value of S-RACH message.Data of S-RACH message (being MAC ID for example) and the time slot index can be provided for the CRC maker and with generating a crc value for the embodiment shown in the table 3.Send MAC ID and crc value (but not being the time slot index) for S-RACH message then.At the access point place, the time slot index of S-RACH message that receives (the MAC ID that for example receives) and expection is used for generating a crc value for the message that receives.The crc value that is generated is then compared with the crc value in the S-RACH message that receives.If CRC passes through, then access point is announced successfully and is continued to handle this message.If the CRC failure, then access point is announced failure and is ignored this message.

E. F-RACH and S-RACH transmission

Fig. 7 A illustrates the exemplary transmission on the S-RACH.User terminal selecting one specific S-RACH time slot (for example time slot 3) is used for the transmission of S-RACH PDU.Yet, if S-RACH transmission without the RTD compensation, based on access point timing, the S-RACH PDU that is sent when arriving not can with the starting point time unifying of selected S-RACH time slot.Access point can be determined RTD as mentioned above.

Fig. 7 B illustrates the exemplary transmission on the F-RACH.User terminal selecting one specific F-RACH time slot (for example time slot 5) is used for the transmission of F-RACH PDU.The F-RACH transmission is through the RTD compensation, and the F-RACHPDU that is sent aligns with the starting point time proximity of selected F-RACH time slot when arriving access point.

3. System

For simplicity, in the following description, according to the employed environment of term, term " RACH " can refer to F-RACH or S-RACH or RACH.

Fig. 8 illustrates the embodiment block diagram of an access point 110x in the system 100 and two user terminal 120x and 120y.User terminal 120x is equipped with single antenna, and user terminal 120y is equipped with N _UtThe root antenna.Usually, access point and user terminal respectively are equipped with any amount of send/receive antenna.

On up link,, send (TX) data processor 810 and receive from the traffic data of data source 808 and signaling and other data (for example data of RACH message) of coming self-controller 830 at each user terminal place.Sending 810 pairs of data of data processor formats, encodes, interweaves and modulate so that modulated symbol to be provided.If user terminal is equipped with single antenna, then these modulated symbols send code element stream corresponding to one.If user terminal is equipped with many antennas, then sends spatial processor 820 and receive modulated symbols and it is handled so that provide one to send code element stream for every antenna.Each modulator (MOD) 822 receives and handles a corresponding code element stream that sends so that a corresponding up link modulated signal to be provided, and the latter then sends from relevant antenna 824.

At access point 110x place, N _ApRoot antenna 852a receives the up link modulated signal that is sent to 852ap from user terminal, each day the signal that receives of bundle of lines offer corresponding demodulator (DEMOD) 854.Each demodulator 854 is carried out the opposite processing of processing with modulator 822 places, and receiving symbol is provided.Receiving (RX) spatial processor 856 then to carrying out spatial manipulation so that the code element through recovering to be provided from all demodulator 854a to the receiving symbol of 854ap, is the estimation of the modulated symbol that sends of user terminal through the code element of recovery.Receive data processor 858 and further handles (for example symbol de-maps, deinterleaving and decoding) code element through recovering so that the data through decoding (for example data of the RACH message through recovering) to be provided, the latter is provided for data sink 860 and is used for storage and/or is provided an individual controller 870 and is used for further processing.Receive spatial processor 856 and also can estimate and provide to receive SNR for each user terminal, it can be used to determine and use F-RACH or S-RACH for system inserts.

The processing of down link can be identical or different with the processing of up link.From the data of data source 88 and come self-controller 870 and/or the signaling of scheduler 880 (for example RACH confirms) is handled (for example encode, interweave and modulate) by sending data processor 890, and by transmission spatial processor 892 further spatial manipulation.Further handled so that generate Nap down link modulated signal to 854ap by modulator 854a from the transmission code element that sends spatial processor 892, the latter then sends to 852ap via antenna 852a.

At each user terminal 120 place, the down link modulated signal is by antenna 824 receptions, through demodulator 822 demodulation and by receiving spatial processor 840 and receiving data processor 842 to handle with the opposite mode of processing of access point place execution.The decoded data of down link is provided for data sink 844 and is used for storing and/or being provided for controller 830 being used for further processing.

Controller 830 and 870 is controlled the operation of user terminal and each processing unit of access point place respectively.Memory cell 832 and 872 is preserved controller 830 and 870 employed data and program codes respectively.

Fig. 9 illustrates the block diagram that sends data processor 810a one embodiment, and this processor can be carried out data processing and can be used for transmission data processor 810x and 810y among Fig. 8 for F-RACH and S-RACH.

In sending data processor 810a, CRC maker 912 receives the data of RACH PDU.The RACH data only comprise the MAC ID of table 2 and 3 illustrated embodiments.Insert if use S-RACH to carry out system, then CRC maker 912 generates a crc value for MAC ID.914 couples of MAC ID in framing unit and crc value (for S-RACH PDU) carry out multiplexed to form the main part of RACH message, shown in table 2 and 3.Then, disarrangement device 916 is upset data through framing so that make the data randomization.

Encoder 918 receives data through upsetting through itself and tail bit is multiplexed, and further according to selected encoding scheme to encoding so that coded-bit to be provided through multiplexed data and tail bit.Then, repetition/brachymemma unit 920 repeats or the code rate of brachymemma (i.e. deletion) some coded-bits to obtain to expect.Interleaver 922 is then based on specific interleaving scheme (the promptly resetting) coded-bit that interweaves.Symbol mapped unit 942 according to the data of specific modulation through interweaving so that modulated symbol to be provided.Then, modulated symbol and itself and pilot frequency code element is multiplexed to provide through multiplexed code element stream is provided multiplexer (MUX) 926.Be described in further detail each unit that sends among the data processor 810a below.

4. F-RACH and S-RACH design

As mentioned above, for F-RACH uses different designs so that the rapid system of registered user's terminal inserts with S-RACH, and make the required amount minimum of realization RACH.Table 4 illustrates the various parameters of the exemplary design of F-RACH and S-RACH.

Table 4

Parameter	F-RACH	S-RACH	Unit
				PDU length
	1	4	The OFDM code element
				CRC	Not	Be

Code rate	2/3	1/4
				Modulation scheme	BPSK	BPSK
Spectrum efficiency	0.67	0.25	bps/Hz

Figure 10 A illustrates the embodiment block diagram of CRC maker 912, and it has realized following 8 bit maker multinomials:

G (x)=x ⁸+ x ⁷+ x ³+ x+1 formula (1) also can be for CRC uses other maker multinomial, and this within the scope of the invention.

To 1014e, they have realized the maker multinomial shown in the formula (1) to eight delay elements (D) 1012a that CRC maker 912 comprises series coupled to 1012h and five adder 1014a.Switch (1016a) offers maker to RACH data (for example MAC ID) and is used to calculate crc value, and when reading crc value N null value is offered maker, and wherein N is the bit number of CRC, equals 8 for the maker multinomial shown in the formula (1).For the foregoing description, wherein be embedded with a m bit time slots index among the CRC, switch 1016a can be used to provide when reading crc value m bit time slots index back to follow N-m zero (rather than N individual zero).Switch 1016b provides feedback in the crc value computing interval for maker, and provides null value to maker when reading crc value.Adder 1014e provides crc value after all RACH data bits all have been provided for maker.For the foregoing description, switch 1016a and 1016b at first in 10 bits " on " (UP) position (for MAC ID), then in 8 bits in D score (DOWN) position (for crc value).

Figure 10 A also illustrates an embodiment of framing unit 914, and it comprises a switch 1020, and switch 1020 is at first selected RACH data (or MAC ID), selects optional crc value (if sending S-RACHPDU) then.

Figure 10 further illustrates an embodiment of disarrangement device 916, and it has realized following maker multinomial:

G (x)=x ⁷+ x ⁴+ x formula (2) disarrangement device 916 comprises that seven delay element 1032a of series connection are to 1032g.For each clock cycle, two bits preserving among 1034 couples of delay element 1032d of adder and the 1032g carry out mould 2 and add, and provide one to upset bit to delay element 1032a.Bit (d through framing ₁d ₂d ₃...) being provided for adder 1036, adder 1036 also receives from adder 1034 and upsets bit.Adder 1036 is to the bit d of each framing _nCarry out mould 2 with corresponding upset bit and add, so that the bit q through upsetting to be provided _n

Figure 10 B illustrates the block diagram of encoder 918 1 embodiment, and this encoder has realized that with maker 133 and 171 (octal system) speed is 1/2, constraint length is the binary system convolutional encoding of 7 (K=7).In encoder 918, multiplexer 1040 receives through the data of upset and itself and tail bit is multiplexed.Encoder 918 comprises that further six delay element 1042a of series coupled are to 1042f.Four adder 1044a are to 1044d also series coupled, and are used for realizing first maker (133).Similarly, four adder 1046a are to 1046d also series coupled, and are used for realizing second maker (171).Shown in Figure 10 B, adder further is coupled to delay element in the mode that realizes two makers 131 and 171.Multiplexer 1048 receives two coded bit streams and it is multiplexed as single encoded bit stream from two makers.For each input bit q _n, generate two coded-bit a _nAnd b _n, cause code rate 1/2.

Figure 10 B also illustrates an embodiment of repetition/brachymemma unit 920, and this unit can be used to generate other code rate based on base code rate 1/2.In unit 920, the coded-bit of the speed 1/2 in the encoder 918 is provided for repetitive 1052 and brachymemma unit 1054.Repetitive 1052 repeats the coded-bit of each speed 1/2 once to obtain efficient coding speed 1/4.The coded-bit of some speed 1/2 is deleted so that the code rate of expectation to be provided in brachymemma unit 1054 based on specific brachymemma pattern.In one embodiment, be that based on brachymemma pattern " 1110 " F-RACH realizes speed 2/3, the coded-bit of every the 4th speed 1/2 of this modal representation with regard to deleted to obtain efficient coding speed 2/3.

Refer back to Fig. 9, interleaver 922 is reset coded-bit to obtain frequency diversity (for S-RACH and F-RACH) and time diversity (for S-RACH) for each RACH PDU.For the embodiment shown in the table 2, F-RACH PDU comprises 16 data bits, and they are encoded to generate 24 coded-bits with the coding of speed 2/3, and described 24 coded-bits use BPSK to be sent out on 24 data subbands in an OFDM code element.

The subband that table 5 illustrates F-RACH interweaves.For each F-RACH PDU, interleaver 922 is at first distributed to chip index 0 to 23 24 coded-bits of F-RACH PDU.Each coded-bit is mapped to a specific data subband based on its chip index then, and is as shown in table 5.For example, chip index is that 0 coded-bit is mapped to subband-24, and chip index is that 1 coded-bit is mapped as subband-12, and chip index is that 2 coded-bit is mapped to subband 2, and the rest may be inferred.

Pilot frequency code element and the data subband of table 5-F-RACH interweave

Subband index	Pilot frequency code element p (k)	Chip index	Subband index	Pilot frequency code element p (k)	Chip index	Subband index	Pilot frequency code element p (k)	Chip index	Subband index	Pilot frequency code element p (k)	Chip index
												-32	0		-16		8	0	0		16		15
-31	0		-15	1+j		1	-1-j		17	1-j
												-30	0		-14		20	2		2	18		7
-29	0		-13	1+j		3	-1-j		19	-1-j
												-28	0		-12		1	4		14	20		19

-27	0		-11	1+j		5	1+j		21	-1-j
												-26	-1+j		-10		13	6		6	22		11
-25	-1+j		-9	1-j		7	-1-j		23	-1-j
												-24		0	-8		5	8		18	24		23
-23	-1-j		-7	-1+j		9	1-j		25	-1+j
												-22		12	-6		17	10		10	26	1-j
-21	-1-j		-5	-1-j		11	1+j		27	0
												-20		4	-4		9	12		22	28	0
-19	-1-j		-3	-1+j		13	1-j		29	0
												-18		16	-2		21	14		3	30	0
-17	-1+j		-1	-1+j		15	-1+j		31	0

For the embodiment shown in the table 3, S-RACH PDU comprises 24 data bits, and they are encoded and repeat to generate 96 coded-bits, and described 96 coded-bits use BPSK to be sent out on 48 data subbands in two OFDM.The subband that table 6 illustrates S-RACH interweaves.For each S-RACH PDU, interleaver 922 at first forms two groups of 48 coded-bits.In every group, 48 coded-bits are assigned to chip index 0 to 47.Each coded-bit is mapped to specific data subband based on its chip index then, and is as shown in table 6.For example, chip index is that 0 coded-bit is mapped to subband-26, and chip index is that 1 coded-bit is mapped as subband 1, and chip index is that 2 coded-bit is mapped as subband-17, and the rest may be inferred.

Pilot frequency code element and the data subband of table 6-S-RACH interweave

Subband index	Pilot frequency code element p (k)	Chip index	Subband index	Pilot frequency code element p (k)	Chip index	Subband index	Pilot frequency code element p (k)	Chip index	Subband index	Pilot frequency code element p (k)	Chip index
												-32	0		-16	-1+j	8	0	0		16	-1+j	39
-31	0		-15	1-j	14	1	1-j	1	17	-1+j	45
												-30	0		-14	1+j	20	2	-1-j	7	18	1-j	5
-29	0		-13	1-j	26	3	-1-j	13	19	1+j	11
												-28	0		-12	1-j	32	4	-1-j	19	20	-1+j	17
-27	0		-11	-1-j	38	5	-1+j	25	21	1+j
												-26	-1-j	0	-10	-1-j	44	6	1+j	31	22	-1+j	23
-25	-1+j	6	-9	1-j	4	7	-1-j		23	1+j	29

-24	-1+j	12	-8	-1-j	10	8	-1+j	37	24	-1+j	35
												-23	-1+j	18	-7	1+j		9	-1-j	43	25	1-j	41
-22	1-j	24	-6	-1+j	16	10	-1-j	3	26	-1-j	47
												-21	1-j		-5	-1-j	22	11	1+j	9	27	0
-20	1+j	30	-4	-1+j	28	12	1-j	15	28	0
												-19	-1-j	36	-3	-1+j	34	13	-1+j	21	29	0
-18	-1+j	42	-2	1-j	40	14	-1-j	27	30	0
												-17	1+j	2	-1	-1+j	46	15	1+j	33	31	0

The symbol mapped unit bit of 942 mappings through interweaving is to draw modulated symbol.In one embodiment, BPSK is used for F-RACH and S-RACH.For BPSK, each coded-bit (" 0 " or " 1 ") through interweaving can be mapped as corresponding modulated symbol, and is for example as follows: " 0 " -1+j0 and " 1 "  1+j0.Modulated symbol from unit 924 is also referred to as data symbols.

Multiplexer 926 is multiplexed data symbols and pilot frequency code element for each RACH PDU.Multiplexed can the execution in every way.The particular design of F-RACH and S-RACH is described below.

In one embodiment, for F-RACH, data symbols and pilot frequency code element are through subband multiplexing.Each F-RACHPDU comprises and 24 28 pilot frequency code elements that the data code element is multiplexed, and is as shown in table 5.Subband multiplexing is all surrounded the both sides of each data symbols by pilot frequency code element.Pilot frequency code element can be used for the channel response (for example being averaged by the channel response to the pilot subbands of each data subband both sides) of data estimator subband, and described channel response can be used for data demodulates.

In one embodiment, for S-RACH, shown in Fig. 3 B, data symbols and pilot frequency code element are time-multiplexed.Each S-RACH PDU comprises for a pilot tone OFDM code element of each of first two code-element period and for two data OFDM code elements of two code-element periods next.In one embodiment, pilot tone OFDM code element comprises for 52 QPSK modulated symbols (or pilot frequency code element) of 52 subbands and for the signal value of zero of all the other 12 subbands, and is as shown in table 6.Selecting these 52 pilot frequency code elements to make has minimum peak all to change in the waveform that generates based on these pilot frequency code elements.This feature can send pilot tone OFDM code element with higher power level, and does not generate excessive amount distortion.

Multiplexed can be that S-RACH and F-RACH carry out based on some other scheme also, and this within the scope of the invention.In either case, multiplexer 926 all provides once multiplexed data and pilot frequency code element sequence (being labeled as s (n)) for each RACH PDU.

Each user terminal can be equipped with one or more antenna.For the user terminal with many antennas, RACH PDU can use wave beam control, beam shaping, transmission diversity, spatial multiplexing or the like to send from many antennas.For wave beam control, RACH PDU is sent out on the single space channel relevant with optimum performance (for example the highest reception SNR).For sending diversity, send the data of RACHPDU so that diversity to be provided from many antennas and subband redundantly.Wave beam control can be carried out as described below.

On up link, by N _UtRoot termination antenna and N _ApThe mimo channel that the root access point antenna forms can be by a channel response matrix H(k) characterize, for k ∈ K, the K sets of subbands representing to be paid close attention to (K={-26 for example wherein ... 26}).Each matrix H(k) comprise N _ApN _UtIndividual, its discipline h _Ij(k) (for i ∈ { 1 ... N _Ap, j ∈ { 1 ... N _Ut)) be for the coupling (be complex gain) of k subband between j root user terminal antenna and i root access point antenna.

The uplink channel responses matrix of each subband H(k) can be by " diagonalization " (for example using eigen value decomposition or singular value decomposition) to draw the eigenmodes of this subband.Matrix H(k) singular value decomposition can be expressed as:

H(k)= U(k) ∑(k) V ^H(k), for k ∈ K formula (3)

Wherein U(k) be H(k) (the N of left side eigenvector _Ap* N _Ap) unitary matrix;

∑(k) be H(k) (the N of singular value _Ap* N _Ut) diagonal matrix; And

V(k) be H(k) (the N of the right eigenvector _Ut* N _Ut) unitary matrix.

Can be channel response matrix independently for each subband of paying close attention to H(k) carry out eigen value decomposition, so that determine the eigenmodes of this subband.Each diagonal matrix ∑(k) singular value can be sorted, and makes { σ ₁(k) 〉=σ ₂(k) 〉=... 〉=σ _NS(k) }, σ wherein ₁(k) be singular value, σ for k subband maximum _NS(k) be singular value for k subband minimum.When each diagonal matrix ∑When singular value (k) is sorted, correlation matrix V(k) also correspondingly ordering of eigenvector (or row).The set of the phase same order eigenmodes of all subbands after " broadband " eigenmodes can be defined as sorting." mainly " eigenmodes be after ordering with each matrix ∑(k) eigenmodes that the maximum singular value in is relevant.

For main broadband eigenmodes, eigenvector is only used in wave beam control v ₁(k) phase information in, for k ∈ K, and each eigenvector of standardization, make all elements in the eigenvector that equal size all be arranged.K subband is through standardized eigenvector

Can be expressed as:

$\underset{\‾}{\overset{~}{v}}\left(k\right)={\left[\begin{array}{cccc}A{e}^{j{\mathrm{\θ}}_1\left(k\right)}& A{e}^{j{\mathrm{\θ}}_2\left(k\right)}& \·\·\·& A{e}^{j{\mathrm{\θ}}_{N_{\mathrm{ut}}}\left(k\right)}\end{array}\right]}^T,$ Formula (4) wherein A is a constant (for example A=1); And

θ _i(k) be the phase place of k subband of i root user terminal antenna, be given:

${\mathrm{\&theta;}}_i\left(k\right)=\&angle;{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="v"\; filenames="A20038010458400341.png,A20038010458400361.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">v</figure-callout>}}_{1,i}\left(k\right)={\tan }^{-1}\left\{\frac{\mathrm{Im}\left\{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="v"\; filenames="A20038010458400341.png,A20038010458400361.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">v</figure-callout>}}_{1,i}\left(k\right)\right\}}{\mathrm{Re}\left\{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="v"\; filenames="A20038010458400341.png,A20038010458400361.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">v</figure-callout>}}_{1,i}\left(k\right)\right\}}\right\}$ Formula (5)

Wherein ${\underset{-}{v}}_1\left(k\right)={\left[\begin{array}{cccc}{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="v"\; filenames="A20038010458400341.png,A20038010458400361.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">v</figure-callout>}}_{\mathrm{1,1}}\left(k\right)& {\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="v"\; filenames="A20038010458400341.png,A20038010458400361.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">v</figure-callout>}}_{\mathrm{1,2}}\left(k\right)& \&CenterDot;\&CenterDot;\&CenterDot;& {\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="v"\; filenames="A20038010458400341.png,A20038010458400361.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">v</figure-callout>}}_{1,N_{\mathrm{ut}}}\left(k\right)\end{array}\right]}^T$

So the spatial manipulation of wave beam control can be expressed as:

$\underset{\&OverBar;}{\overset{~}{x}}\left(k\right)=\underset{\&OverBar;}{\overset{~}{v}}\left(k\right)s\left(k\right),$ For k ∈ K formula (6)

Wherein s (k) is the data or the pilot frequency code element that will send on k subband; And

It is the transmission vector of k subband of wave beam control.

Figure 11 is depicted as the embodiment block diagram that the transmission spatial processor 820y of spatial manipulation is carried out in wave beam control.In processor 820y, demultiplexer 1112 receives data through interweaving and pilot frequency code element s (n) and K the son that its multichannel resolves into K the subband that is used to send data and pilot frequency code element is flowed (be labeled as s (1) and arrive s (k)).Each sub-stream comprises for code element of F-RACH PDU and for four code elements of S-RACH PDU.Each sub-stream is provided for corresponding transmission subband wave beam processor controls 1120, and the latter carries out the processing shown in the formula (6) to a subband.

In each sent subband wave beam processor controls 1120, the sub-stream of code element was provided for N _UtIndividual multiplier 1122a is to 1122ut, and the latter also distinguishes the acceptance criteria eigenvector N _UtIndividual element

Arrive

Each multiplier 1122 is with each receiving symbol and its standardization eigenvector value

Multiply by mutually provides corresponding transmission code element.Multiplier 1122a to 1122ut N _UtThe sub-flow point of individual transmission code element is supplied with buffer/multiplexer 1130a indescribably to 1130ut.Each buffer/multiplexer 1130 receives to 1120k and sends code element and multiplexed to it from sending subband wave beam processor controls 1120a, so that provide one to send code element stream x for an antenna _i(n).

The processing of wave beam control is the above-mentioned the 60/421st, No. 309 U.S. Provisional Patent Application and the 10/228th, be described in further detail in No. 393 U.S. Patent applications, the latter is entitled as " Beam-Steering and Beam-Forming forWideband MIMO/MISO Systems ", submit on August 27th, 2002, be transferred to assignee of the present invention and be incorporated into this by reference.RACH PDU also can use transmission diversity, beam shaping or spatial multiplexing to send by many antennas user terminal, describes in above-mentioned the 60/421st, No. 309 U.S. Provisional Patent Application.

Figure 12 A illustrates the embodiment block diagram of an OFDM modulator 822x, and this modulator can be used for each modulator 822 among Fig. 8.In OFDM modulator 822x, invert fast fourier transformation (IFFT) unit 1212 receives one and sends code element stream x _iAnd use 64 invert fast fourier transformation (wherein 64 corresponding to sub-band sum) that each 64 sequence that sends code element is converted to its time-domain representation (being also referred to as " through conversion " code element) (n).Each code element through conversion comprises 64 time-domain samplings.For each code element through conversion, Cyclic Prefix maker 1214 repeats a part through the conversion code element to form a corresponding OFDM code element.In one embodiment, Cyclic Prefix comprises 16 samplings, and each ORDM code element comprises 80 samplings.

Figure 12 B has illustrated an OFDM code element.The OFDM code element is partly formed by two: the duration is the Cyclic Prefix of 16 samplings, and the duration be 64 samplings through the conversion code element.Cyclic Prefix is the copy (i.e. circulation continues) of 16 samplings after the conversion code element, and is inserted in the front portion through the conversion code element.Cyclic Prefix has guaranteed that the OFDM code element keeps its orthogonal property when having the multidiameter expansion, thereby has improved the performance with respect to harmful path effects, and described harmful path effects is such as multipath that is caused by frequency selective fading and channel diffusion.

Cyclic Prefix maker 1214 offers transmitter unit (TMTR) 1216 to an OFDM code element stream.Transmitter unit 1216 converts the OFDM code element stream to one or more analog signals, and further amplification, twice and the described analog signal of down-conversion, is used in the up link modulated signal of sending from associated antenna so that generate.

5. Access point is handled

For each tdd frame, access point processing F-RACH and S-RACH are so that detect the F/S-RACH PDU that user terminal sent of expectation connecting system.Because F-RACH is correlated with different designs with S-RACH and has regularly requirement of different transmissions, so access point can use different receiver treatment technologies to detect F-RACH and S-RACH PDU.

For F-RACH, the transmission of F-RACH PDU is regularly for the RTD compensation, and the F-RACHPDU that receives aligns with the F-RACH boundary of time slot is approximate at the access point place.The decision-directed detector that is operated in frequency domain can be used for detecting F-RACH PDU.In one embodiment, the whole F-RACH time slots in the detector processes F-RACH segmentation are handled a time slot at every turn.For each time slot, detector determines whether the desired signal energy of the OFDM code element that receives in this time slot is enough high.If answer to being that the OFDM code element of then further decoding is with recovery F-RACH message.

For S-RACH, the transmission of S-RACH PDU regularly may be to the RTD compensation, and the timing of the S-RACH PDU that receives is unknown.The slip correlation detector that is operated in time domain can be used for detecting S-RACH PDU.In one embodiment, detector slips over the S-RACH segmentation, whenever next sampling period.For each sampling period, it is corresponding to a hypothesis, and detector determines whether that two pilot tone OFDM code elements of the S-RACH PDU that begins to receive from this sampling period for hypothesis receive enough signal energies.If answer to being that the S-RACH PDU that then further decodes is with recovery S-RACH message.

The technology that is used to detect with demodulation F-RACH and S-RACH transmission is described in detail in above-mentioned the 60/432nd, No. 626 U.S. Patent application.

For clear, the access technology at random that has been special design description.Can make various modifications to these designs, this within the scope of the invention.For example, may expect to have more than two kinds of dissimilar RACH for inserting at random.In addition, the RACH data can be encoded, interweave and modulation scheme is handled with other.

Access technology can be used for various wireless multiple-access communication systems at random.A kind of such system is the wireless multiple access mimo system of describing in above-mentioned the 60/421st, No. 309 U.S. Provisional Patent Application.Usually, these systems may or may not adopt OFDM, perhaps may replace OFDM and adopt some other multi carrier modulation scheme, and may use or may not use MIMO.

Access technology at random described here can provide various advantages.At first, F-RACH allows specific user terminal (for example to system registry and can compensate the user terminal of its RTD) connecting system apace.This expects especially that for packet data application the packet data application general features is by the long silence period of the fragmentary brachymemma of traffic burst.Rapid system inserts in being to use the family terminal can obtain the system resource of these fragmentary data bursts apace.Secondly, process user terminal effectively that the combination of F-RACH and S-RACH can be under various operating states and condition (for example registered and unregistered user terminal, height and low reception SNR or the like).

Technology described here can be realized by various means.For example, these technology can realize with hardware, software or their combination.For hardware was realized, the element that inserts at random of being convenient to user terminal and access point place can be realized in following components and parts: one or more application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC)s (ASIC), digital signal processor (DSP), digital signal processing appts (DSPD), programmable logic device (PLD), field programmable gate array (FPGA), processor, controller, microcontroller, microprocessor, be designed to carry out other electronic unit of function described here or their combination.

For software was realized, access technology can realize with the module (for example process, function or the like) of carrying out function described here at random.Software code can be stored in the memory cell (for example memory cell among Fig. 8 832 and 872) and by processor and carry out (for example controller 830 and 870).Memory cell can realize in processor or outside processor that it can be coupled to processor by various means well known in the art under one situation of back in communication.

Here the title that comprises is for index, and helps the specific chapters and sections in location.These titles are not in order to limit its down scope of described notion, and these notions can be applicable to other chapters and sections in the entire description.

The above description of disclosed embodiment makes those skilled in the art can make or use the present invention.Modification to these embodiment is conspicuous for those skilled in the art, and Ding Yi basic principle can be applied to other embodiment and not deviate from the spirit or scope of the present invention here.Therefore, the embodiment shown in the invention is not restricted to here, but should meet in the most wide in range scope consistent with principle disclosed herein and novel features.

Claims (41)

1. method that inserts wireless multiple-access communication system comprises:

Determine the work at present state of terminal;

From at least two Random Access Channel, select a Random Access Channel based on described work at present state; And

Send a message with connecting system in selected Random Access Channel.

2. the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that described at least two Random Access Channel comprise that carrying out system by registration terminal inserts employed first Random Access Channel and carried out system and inserted employed second Random Access Channel by registration and unregistered terminal.

3. method as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that, the transmission on described first Random Access Channel is by compensate for propagation delay.

4. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, whether described work at present state representation terminal is to system registry.

5. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, whether described work at present state representation terminal can compensate to the propagation delay of the access point that receives this message.

6. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, whether described work at present state representation is that terminal realizes a specific received signal to noise ratio SNR.

7. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that also comprising:

Before arriving affirmation for message sink or surpassing maximum access attempts number of times, retransmit described message.

8. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that also comprising:

If, then send another message in another Random Access Channel of from described at least two Random Access Channel, selecting for obtaining to insert by selected Random Access Channel.

9. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, described transmission comprises:

From a plurality of time slots that selected Random Access Channel can be used, select a time slot; And

In selected time slot, send described message.

10. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, described message comprises identifiers of terminals.

11. method as claimed in claim 10 is characterized in that, described identifier is unique for terminal.

12. method as claimed in claim 10 is characterized in that, described identifier is the employed public identifier of unregistered user terminal.

13. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, described multi-address communication system support has the terminal of single antenna and has the terminal of many antennas.

14. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, described multi-address communication system uses OFDM.

15. a method that inserts the wireless multiple access multiple-input-multiple-output communication system comprises:

Determine still to be not to system registry to system registry;

If terminal is registered, then on first Random Access Channel, send first message with connecting system; And

If terminal is unregistered, then on second Random Access Channel, send second message with connecting system.

16. method as claimed in claim 15 is characterized in that, described first message is sent out in the mode of the propagation delay that remedies the access point that receives first message.

17. a method that inserts at random of being convenient in the wireless multiple-access communication system comprises:

Processing is used for first Random Access Channel of connecting system by registered terminals; And

Processing is used for second Random Access Channel of connecting system by registered and unregistered terminal.

18. method as claimed in claim 17 is characterized in that, the processing of each of described first and second Random Access Channel all comprises the existence of transmitting on the detection Random Access Channel.

19. method as claimed in claim 18 is characterized in that, described detection is based on a pilot tone, and this pilot tone is included in each transmission on first and second Random Access Channel.

20. method as claimed in claim 18 is characterized in that also comprising:

For the terminal that detects its transmission in second Random Access Channel is determined round-trip delay.

21. method as claimed in claim 17 is characterized in that, the transmission on described first Random Access Channel is remedied for propagation delay, and wherein the processing of first Random Access Channel comprises:

Detect the existence of transmitting in each of a plurality of time slots that first Random Access Channel can use.

22. method as claimed in claim 21 is characterized in that, described detection is based on a decision-directed detector.

23. method as claimed in claim 17 is characterized in that, handles second Random Access Channel and comprises:

Sliding is correlated with detects the existence of transmitting on second Random Access Channel by carrying out.

24. a kind of Random Access Channel of wireless multiple access multiple-input-multiple-output communication system comprises:

Registered terminals is used for first Random Access Channel of connecting system;

Registered and non-registered users terminal is used for second Random Access Channel of connecting system.

25. Random Access Channel as claimed in claim 24 is characterized in that, the transmission on first Random Access Channel is remedied for propagation delay.

26. Random Access Channel as claimed in claim 24 is characterized in that, first and second Random Access Channel are associated with first and second segmentations in the frame respectively.

27. Random Access Channel as claimed in claim 26 is characterized in that, described first and second segmentations can be configured for each frame.

28. Random Access Channel as claimed in claim 26 is characterized in that, each of described first and second segmentations all is divided into a plurality of time slots.

29. Random Access Channel as claimed in claim 28 is characterized in that, the duration of each of a plurality of time slots of described second segmentation is defined as also longer than the greatest expected round-trip delay of terminal in the system.

30. Random Access Channel as claimed in claim 24 is characterized in that, described first and second Random Access Channel are associated with first and second protocol Data Units respectively.

31. Random Access Channel as claimed in claim 30 is characterized in that, described first and second protocol Data Units are associated with different length.

32. Random Access Channel as claimed in claim 30 is characterized in that, described first and second protocol Data Units are associated with reference to part with first and second respectively.

33. Random Access Channel as claimed in claim 30 is characterized in that, described first protocol Data Unit comprises time-multiplexed with reference to part and message part.

34. Random Access Channel as claimed in claim 30 is characterized in that, described second protocol Data Unit is included in reference part multiplexed on the different sets of subbands and message part.

35. Random Access Channel as claimed in claim 30 is characterized in that, described first and second protocol Data Units are associated with the set of different data field.

36. Random Access Channel as claimed in claim 35 is characterized in that, each of described first and second protocol Data Units all comprises an identifier field.

37. Random Access Channel as claimed in claim 35 is characterized in that, described second protocol Data Unit comprises a cyclic redundancy check field.

38. Random Access Channel as claimed in claim 30 is characterized in that, described first and second protocol Data Units are associated with different encoding scheme.

39. a kind of terminal in the wireless multiple-access communication system comprises:

Controller is used for determining the work at present state of terminal and selects a Random Access Channel to be used for connecting system based on the work at present state from least two Random Access Channel; And

Data processor, its processing are used for the message transmitted on selected Random Access Channel.

40. a kind of device in the wireless multiple-access communication system comprises:

The device that is used for the work at present state of definite described device;

Be used for selecting from least two Random Access Channel the device of a Random Access Channel based on the work at present state; And

Be used on selected Random Access Channel, sending the device of a message with connecting system.

41. a kind of device in the wireless multiple-access communication system comprises:

Be used to handle device by the first used Random Access Channel of registered terminals connecting system; And

Be used to handle by device registered and second Random Access Channel that the unregistered terminal connecting system is used.

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