CN1702512A - Light source, display device, portable terminal device, and ray direction switching element - Google Patents

Abstract

A light source is provided including, a backlight that emits light in a planar shape, a ray direction regulating element that regulates a direction of light made incident from the backlight and emits the light and in which a transparent area for transmitting light and an absorption area for absorbing light are formed alternately in a direction perpendicular to a light regulating direction thereof, and a transparent and scattering switching element that is capable of switching a state in which light made incident from the ray direction regulating element is transmitted and a state in which the light is scattered.

Description

Light source, display device, portable terminal and ray direction switching element

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of light source, a kind of display device, a kind of portable terminal and a kind of ray direction switching element, more specifically, relate to a kind of light source that can change the irradiating angle of illumination light, a kind of display device, a kind of portable terminal and a kind of ray direction switching element that is included in the described light source that utilizes described display device that can utilize described light source to change field angle.

Background technology

Along with the development of technology in recent years, the liquid crystal display (LCD) that has than wide visual field angle (promptly vertically visual in the angular range of broad) comes into operation.In addition, the portable data assistance of installing by LCD has also obtained widespread use.In this portable data assistance, when the user watches the information that is presented on the LCD with other people, need the field angle broad of LCD.On the other hand, in portable data assistance, the user does not wish that usually other people watch shown information.In this case, need the field angle of LCD narrower.In this manner, need field angle wide or narrow according to the state that uses LCD.Traditionally, proposed to satisfy the LCD of this demand.

Figure 24 (a) and 24 (b) schematically show the conventional liquid crystal display apparatus described in the open No.6-59287 of Japanese patent unexamined.Figure 24 (a) shows at the liquid crystal display when it applies voltage not.Figure 24 (b) shows at the liquid crystal display when it applies voltage.Shown in Figure 24 (a) and 24 (b), first conventional liquid crystal display apparatus comprises liquid crystal board, wherein by transparency carrier 102 and 108 encapsulated liquid crystals material (not shown).Polarization plates 101 is arranged on the surface of liquid crystal board.Objective host liquid crystal unit 131 is arranged on another surface.Visitor's host liquid crystal unit 131 comprises two transparency carriers 114, is provided with transparency electrode 110 in its surface.Two transparency carrier 114 sealings comprise the liquid crystal material of liquid crystal molecule 131a and elongated dye molecule 131b.Dye molecule 131b on the minor axis direction of molecule than major axes orientation on absorbing light more.When not when objective host liquid crystal unit 131 applies voltage, liquid crystal molecule 131a and elongation dye molecule 131b longitudinally are parallel to the surface of transparency carrier 114 and arrange.When objective host liquid crystal unit 131 applies voltage, liquid crystal molecule 131a and elongation dye molecule 131b longitudinally arrange perpendicular to the surface of transparency carrier 114.Polarization plates 101 is arranged on the surface of opposite side of liquid crystal board and objective host liquid crystal unit 131 facing surfaces.

In this first conventional liquid crystal display apparatus, the light in the wider angle scope incides on the objective host liquid crystal unit 131 by liquid crystal board.When with the field angle display image of broad, do not apply voltage, thereby make the light absorption direction of objective host liquid crystal unit 131 consistent with the absorption direction of polarization plates 101 to objective host liquid crystal unit 131, light is directly by objective host liquid crystal unit 131 thus.Therefore, can in the angular range of broad, visually discern display screen.

When with narrower field angle display image, apply voltage to objective host liquid crystal unit 131, dye molecule 131b longitudinally disposes in the surface of transparency carrier 114 and arranges, and the incident angle of light departs from the surperficial perpendicular direction with transparency carrier 114 significantly.Dye molecule 131b absorbing light, and described light can not pass through objective host liquid crystal unit 131.Therefore, even incide the angular distribution broad of the light on the display device, still can radiative angular distribution be narrowed down by the absorption of objective host liquid crystal.Therefore, can reduce the size of the display plane of visual recognition.

Figure 25 is the synoptic diagram that schematically shows second conventional liquid crystal display apparatus described in the open No.10-197844 of Japanese patent unexamined.It is backlight 113 that second conventional liquid crystal display apparatus comprises, as shown in figure 25.Polymer dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) layer 111 is clipped in two PDLC unit 136 between the transparent substrate 109 being provided with on backlight 113.Polarization plates 101 is arranged on the PDLC unit 136, and twisted nematic liquid crystal display (TN-LCD) is arranged on the polarization plates 101.Objective host liquid crystal unit is arranged on the TN-LCD, and polarization plates 101 is arranged on the objective host liquid crystal unit.This objective host liquid crystal unit has and is used in as the identical structure in objective host liquid crystal unit in first conventional liquid crystal display apparatus described in the open No.6-59287 of Japanese patent unexamined.

In second conventional liquid crystal display apparatus, the voltage that is applied on the objective host liquid crystal unit by switch switches demonstration of wide visual field and the demonstration of narrow visual field.In addition, the voltage that is applied on the PDLC unit by switch switches optical transmission and reflection, to adjust the brightness of display screen.

The open No.11-142819 of Japanese patent unexamined discloses a kind of liquid crystal display, and convergent component that is made of prismatic lens and the light-scattering component that is made of the PDLC unit wherein are set between light source and liquid crystal board.The open No.11-142819 of Japanese patent unexamined mentions can be increased direction of light, utilize transmission of PDLC unit or scattering from the light of prismatic lens, switch between narrow field angle and wide visual field angle then by utilizing prismatic lens.In addition, the open No.9-105907 of Japanese patent unexamined discloses a kind of similar liquid crystal display, and the optical element that is made of the PDLC unit wherein is set between light source and liquid crystal board.

On the other hand, traditionally, proposed the backlight of collimation highly, wherein fixed the irradiating angle of illumination light, but improved as the directivity on the specific directions such as the place ahead (for example, referring to monthly magazine " Display ", in May, 2004, the 14th～17 page).Figure 26 shows at monthly magazine " Display ", in May, 2004, backlight 213 the skeleton view that the tradition described in the 14th～17 page highly collimates.As shown in figure 26, in this traditional height collimated back 213, LED 201 is arranged on the position that wherein is provided with optical plate 202, and linear microprism is arranged in the optical plate 202 for middle heart with LED 201.Prism structure wherein is arranged on the light-emitting area of optical plate 202 with the prismatic lens 203 that LED 201 is provided with for middle heart equally.In addition, reflector plate 204 is arranged on optical plate 202 and is provided with on the surface of surperficial opposite side of prismatic lens 203.

Output light from LED 201 incides on the optical plate 202, and launches radially along the surface of optical plate 202 by the linear microprism that is formed in the optical plate 202.Here, LED is arranged on the position of optical plate 202, and be provided with the linear microprism be formed in the optical plate 202 vertically, thereby in fact perpendicular to LED 201.Therefore, even the light and the linear microprism that import by optical plate 202 bump against, described light is not vertical deflection of shape microprism along the line also, propagates but center on LED 201 linearly, radially.Prismatic lens 203 refractions are from the light of optical plate 202 outgoing, and the edge is with respect to the vertical direction deflection of the light-emitting area of optical plate 202.Therefore, realized having improved two-dimensionally the height collimated back of directivity along the place ahead.

But above-mentioned conventional art has following typical problem.In the liquid crystal display described in the open No.6-59287 of Japanese patent unexamined, on the minor axis direction and major axes orientation of the dye molecule that is arranged in objective host liquid crystal unit, the difference of absorbing amount is less.In other words, the dyestuff dichroic ratio is lower.In addition, when applying voltage, do not stand, and dye molecule remains parallel to the transparency carrier arrangement near the liquid crystal molecule the transparency carrier.Therefore, in the objective host liquid crystal unit when applying voltage, absorb its incident angle and depart from decrease in efficiency with the light of the surperficial perpendicular direction of transparency carrier significantly, and the field angle of narrow visual field when showing increases.

In addition, in the liquid crystal display described in the open No.10-197844 of Japanese patent unexamined, also be to be undertaken that wide visual field shows and the switching of narrow visual field between showing by the switch that is applied to the voltage on the objective host liquid crystal unit.Therefore, exist and the identical problem of liquid crystal display described in Japanese patent unexamined discloses No.6-59287.

In addition, in the liquid crystal display described in the open No.11-142819 of Japanese patent unexamined,, that is, improved direction of light by the light of prismatic lens convergence from light source.Highly Zhun Zhi light directly passes through the PDLC unit, but has reduced the size of the display screen of visual identity thus.But because prismatic lens does not have the effect of enough raising directions of light, the field angle when narrow visual field shows increases.In other words, other people can watch shown information.

Summary of the invention

Consider above-mentioned typical and other problems, make the present invention, characteristic feature of the present invention is to provide a kind of the have light source of the illumination light illumination angle of big variable-width, a kind of display device, a kind of portable terminal and a kind of ray direction switching element that is included in the described light source that utilizes described display device that utilizes described light source, has the field angle of big variable-width.

The light source of a typical scenario comprises according to the present invention: backlight, send the light of planar shaped; Beam direction is adjusted element, adjusts the direction of light from incident backlight, and described light is penetrated, and wherein alternately forms the transparent region and the light absorbing absorption region of transmitted light along the direction of adjusting direction perpendicular to its light; And transparent and scattering switching device, can adjusting the state of the state of light of element incident and scattered light from beam direction between, transmission switch.

In the present invention, transparent and the scattering switching device that the beam direction that is provided for controlling direction of light between backlight and liquid crystal board is adjusted element and can be switched between transparent and scattering state according to the break-make of the voltage that is applied can increase the variable-width of the irradiating angle of light in the light source thus.

Preferably, with respect to the perpendicular direction of emitting surface, with oval, expansion radially, and alternately form transparent region and the absorption region that beam direction is adjusted element by the exit direction of the light of ejaculation backlight along the direction that is parallel to the long axis of ellipse direction.

Preferably, by the exit direction of the light of ejaculation backlight with respect to the perpendicular direction of emitting surface, with oval, expansion radially, and adjust in the element at beam direction, alternately form transparent region and the absorption region that beam direction is adjusted element along the direction that is parallel to oval short-axis direction.Therefore, the light quantity backlight of adjusting element by beam direction increases, and can realize bright light source.

Can with respect to the perpendicular direction of emitting surface, with circular, assemble exit direction radially by the light of ejaculation backlight.Therefore, adjust the absorption loss of element, can realize bright demonstration light owing to can reduce beam direction.In addition, because directivity backlight is two-dimentional, for adjusting the direction of the direction quadrature of the transparent region of element and absorption region, can show in narrow visual field and wide visual field be switched between showing with alternately arranging beam direction.

Preferably, in transparent and scattering switching device, the polymer/liquid crystal composite bed that will comprise liquid crystal molecule and polymkeric substance be clipped in flat electrode between, when between flat electrode, applying voltage, the polymer/liquid crystal composite bed is in the wherein state of polymer/liquid crystal composite bed transmission incident light, and when not applying voltage between flat electrode, the polymer/liquid crystal composite bed is in the wherein state of polymer/liquid crystal composite bed scatter incident light.Therefore, because under the state of transparent and scattering switching device scatter incident light, transparent and scattering switching device is consumed power not, gives back light with power distribution.Therefore, can improve the brightness of light source when scattering state.

After stopping to apply voltage, can remain on the directed state of liquid crystal molecule when it applies voltage.

Can form transparent and scattering switching device and beam direction adjustment element.Therefore, adjust element, can realize high stability glimmer source owing to can support beam direction with transparent and scattering switching device.

Transparent can have common substrate with scattering switching device and beam direction adjustment element.

Beam direction adjust the substrate of element can be just by beam direction adjust element and transparent and scattering switching device shared substrate.Therefore, can further reduce the thickness of light source.In addition, preferably, light quantity backlight and transparent and the transparent and scattering state scattering switching device can be set independently.Therefore, can light intensity and the directivity that penetrate from light source be set according to multiple mode.

Same possible is, when between flat electrode, not applying voltage, transparent and scattering switching device is in wherein transparent and state scattering switching device scatter incident light, and when transparent and scattering switching device uses under scattering state, be applied to voltage transparent and the scattering switching device on.Therefore, when transparent and scattering switching device use under scattering state, can increase front brightness, and can not reduce the brightness on the tilted direction significantly.

The display device of another typical scenario comprises according to the present invention: backlight, send the light of planar shaped; Beam direction is adjusted element, adjusts the direction of light from incident backlight, and described light is penetrated, and wherein alternately forms the transparent region and the light absorbing absorption region of transmitted light along the direction of adjusting direction perpendicular to its light; Transparent and scattering switching device can switch the state of the state of light of element incident and scattered light is adjusted in transmission from beam direction between; And liquid crystal board, utilize from transparent and the light incident of scattering switching device and come display image.

In the present invention, transparent and the scattering switching device that the beam direction that is provided for controlling direction of light between backlight and liquid crystal board is adjusted element and can be switched between transparent and scattering state according to the break-make of the voltage that is applied can increase the variable-width of the field angle of display device thus.

Preferably, by the exit direction of the light of ejaculation backlight with respect to the perpendicular direction of emitting surface, with oval, expansion radially, and adjust in the element at beam direction, alternately form transparent region and the absorption region that beam direction is adjusted element along the direction that is parallel to the long axis of ellipse direction.

White light source can be made of blue-ray LED and yellow phosphor, adjusts light quantity with pulsed modulation.Therefore, in the time of can adjusting the light quantity of white light source when switching transparent and scattering, the colourity of control display device changes.

Alternately form beam direction adjust the line of pixels column direction of the direction of the transparent region of element and absorption region and display board needn't be parallel to each other.Therefore, can reduce owing to beam direction is adjusted the ripple (Moire) that element and display board cause.

Display board can be a liquid crystal board, and liquid crystal board can be the plate of lateral electric field mode, multiple domain vertical orientation pattern or film compensated TN pattern.Therefore, can be when transparent and scattering switching device be in scattering state, the control tone reversal also improves visual.

Portable terminal can have adjusting gear, and described adjusting gear can change amount of backlight and transparent and the transparent and scattering state scattering switching device independently of one another.Therefore, the user can be provided with optimum condition according to the environment that uses portable terminal.

Portable terminal can have the electric energy collecting apparatus, at the residual volume pick-up unit and the control device of the electric energy that is accumulated in the electric energy collecting apparatus, described control device changes amount of backlight and transparent and the transparent and scattering state scattering switching device automatically according to detected residual volume information.When making transparent and scattering switching device be in pellucidity, owing to can reduce light quantity backlight, can reduce the power consumption when remaining battery electric quantity is low, and prolong the running time of portable terminal.

Can alternately form transparent and transparent region and absorption region the scattering switching device along the horizontal of portable terminal.Therefore, can increase the transversely variable-width of field angle of portable terminal.

Ray direction switching element according to the present invention is characterised in that forming beam direction adjusts element and transparent and scattering switching device, described beam direction is adjusted element and is adjusted the incident direction of light, and with described light ejaculation, described transparent and scattering switching device can switch the state of the state of light of element incident and scattered light is adjusted in transmission from beam direction between.Therefore, adjust element, can realize high stability thin-beam direction switching device owing to can support beam direction with transparent and scattering switching device.

In ray direction switching element, can on common substrate, form transparent and scattering switching device and beam direction adjustment element.Beam direction adjust the substrate of element can be just by beam direction adjust element and transparent and scattering switching device shared substrate.

According to typical scenario of the present invention, the transparent and scattering switching device that the beam direction that is provided for controlling direction of light between backlight and liquid crystal board is adjusted element and can be switched between transparent and scattering state according to the break-make of the voltage that is applied.Therefore, can increase the variable-width of the irradiating angle of light in the light source, and increase the variable-width of the field angle of the liquid crystal display that uses this light source.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 shows the sectional view of the liquid crystal display of first exemplary embodiments according to the present invention;

Fig. 2 shows the skeleton view of the example backlight in the liquid crystal display that is used in first exemplary embodiments according to the present invention;

Fig. 3 shows from the synoptic diagram of the direction of light of ejaculation backlight;

Fig. 4 shows the planimetric map of the example of the window shutter (louver) in the liquid crystal display that is used in first exemplary embodiments according to the present invention;

Fig. 5 shows the synoptic diagram of the light distribution property of liquid crystal display when wide visual field angle of first exemplary embodiments according to the present invention;

Fig. 6 shows the synoptic diagram of the light distribution property of liquid crystal display when narrow field angle of first exemplary embodiments according to the present invention;

Fig. 7 shows the planimetric map of the example of the window shutter (louver) in first liquid crystal display of revising that is used in first exemplary embodiments according to the present invention;

Fig. 8 shows the planimetric map of the example of the window shutter in second liquid crystal display of revising that is used in first exemplary embodiments according to the present invention;

Fig. 9 shows the synoptic diagram of the 3rd light distribution property of liquid crystal display when wide visual field angle of revising of first exemplary embodiments according to the present invention;

Figure 10 shows the synoptic diagram of the 3rd light distribution property of liquid crystal display when narrow field angle of revising of first exemplary embodiments according to the present invention;

Figure 11 shows the sectional view of the liquid crystal display of second exemplary embodiments according to the present invention;

Figure 12 shows the sectional view of the liquid crystal display of the 3rd exemplary embodiments according to the present invention;

Figure 13 shows the sectional view of the liquid crystal display of the 4th exemplary embodiments according to the present invention;

Figure 14 shows the sectional view of the liquid crystal display of the 5th exemplary embodiments according to the present invention;

Figure 15 shows the sectional view of the liquid crystal display of the 6th exemplary embodiments according to the present invention;

Figure 16 shows the sectional view of the liquid crystal display of the 7th exemplary embodiments according to the present invention;

Figure 17 shows the sectional view of the liquid crystal display of the 8th exemplary embodiments according to the present invention;

Figure 18 shows the sectional view of the liquid crystal display of the 9th exemplary embodiments according to the present invention;

Figure 19 shows the sectional view of the liquid crystal display of the tenth exemplary embodiments according to the present invention;

Figure 20 shows a little voltage is applied to the curve map that is on the transparent of scattering state and the scattering switching device with the experimental result of adjusting scatter properties;

Figure 21 shows the skeleton view of the portable terminal that liquid crystal display of the present invention is installed;

Figure 22 shows the planimetric map of transparent and scattering switching device of the liquid crystal display of the 12 exemplary embodiments according to the present invention;

Figure 23 shows and wherein alternately forms the planimetric map that beam direction is adjusted the liquid crystal display that the line of pixels column direction of the direction of the transparent region of element and absorption region and LCD panel is not parallel to each other;

Figure 24 (a) schematically shows the not synoptic diagram of first conventional liquid crystal display apparatus when it applies voltage;

Figure 24 (b) is the synoptic diagram that schematically shows first conventional liquid crystal display apparatus when it applies voltage;

Figure 25 is the synoptic diagram that schematically shows second conventional liquid crystal display apparatus; And

Figure 26 shows the skeleton view of tradition height collimated back.

Embodiment

After this, with reference to the accompanying drawings exemplary embodiments of the present invention is carried out specific explanations.At first, will explain the first embodiment of the present invention.Fig. 1 shows the sectional view of the liquid crystal display of first exemplary embodiments according to the present invention.Fig. 2 shows the skeleton view of the example backlight in the liquid crystal display that is used in first exemplary embodiments according to the present invention.Fig. 3 shows from the synoptic diagram of the direction of light of ejaculation backlight.Fig. 4 shows the planimetric map of the example of the window shutter in the liquid crystal display that is used in first exemplary embodiments according to the present invention.Fig. 5 shows the synoptic diagram of the light distribution property of liquid crystal display when wide visual field angle of first exemplary embodiments according to the present invention.Fig. 6 shows the synoptic diagram of the light distribution property of liquid crystal display when narrow field angle of first exemplary embodiments according to the present invention.

As shown in Figure 1, in liquid crystal display, be provided with backlightly 13, and window shutter 12 (beam direction adjustment element) be arranged on backlight 13 according to first embodiment.Transparent and scattering switching device 22 is arranged on the window shutter 12, and be arranged on liquid crystal board 21 transparent and scattering switching device 22 on.Light source is set, comprises that backlight, beam direction adjusts element and transparent and scattering switching device.

As shown in Figure 2, along an end face of backlight 13 line source 36 of prism shape is set, and white light LEDs 25 is set, it is relative with its two ends to distribute.Line source 36 comprises a plurality of prism (not shown), annular arrangement, be used for along backlight 13 with a plurality of prisms in fact the direction refraction of quadrature incide light on the line source 36 from white light LEDs 25.In this manner, the direction of line source 36 along backlight 13 penetrates linear light from backlight 13 side.In addition, backlight 13 comprise a plurality of prism (not shown), along be parallel to that line source 36 extends and with the direction annular arrangement of line source 36 facing surfaces quadratures.These prisms along with the direction refraction of backlight 13 surface 37 quadratures linear light from line source 36 incidents, and penetrate planar light from whole surperficial 37.Backlight 13 is luminous, thereby make the light on the direction that is parallel to line source 36 have the angle wideer than the light on the direction that is orthogonal to line source 36.

As shown in Figure 3, define the direction of light 35 that penetrates from backlight 13 by polar angle θ and position angle φ.Polar angle θ is by direction 35 with perpendicular to the direction 34 formed angles on backlight 13 surface.Be parallel in backlight 13 the projection surface 33, at the point that adopts the X-Y rectangular coordinates and direction 34 and projection surface 33 are intersected each other during as initial point 0, position angle φ is the intersection point that intersected each other by closure 35 and projection surface 33 and the straight line and the formed angle of X-axis of initial point 0.In this manner, from the backlight 13 only diffused lights that penetrate, and θ and φ have the distribution of broad.

As shown in Figure 1, window shutter 12 is that beam direction is adjusted element, is used to improve the direction of light that penetrates from backlight 13.Window shutter 12 will be adjusted on the direction from the broadening light of 13 incidents backlight, and described light is penetrated.For example, to adjust direction be direction with the Surface Vertical of window shutter 12 for this light.For the light that penetrates from window shutter 12, improved light perpendicular to the directivity on the direction (light adjustment direction) on the surface of window shutter 12.In this case, the light that penetrates with the direction of adjusting by window shutter 12 has broadening slightly, although polar angle θ is less than as shown in Figure 3 the polar angle from backlight 13 light that penetrate.

For example, in window shutter 12, alternately arrange the transparent region 12a and the light absorbing absorption region 12b of transmitted light along the direction that is parallel to the surface of window shutter 12.For example, the direction of alternately arranging transparent region 12a and absorption region 12b is equal to backlight 13 and penetrates the wide angle direction of light, promptly is parallel to the direction of line source 36.As shown in Figure 4, look up from the side perpendicular to the surface of window shutter 12, the transparent region 12a and the absorption region 12b of band shape alternately arrange.For example, window shutter 12 can be adjusted the arrangement pitches of transparent region 12a and absorption region 12b and the absorbing amount among the 12b of absorption region, the emergence angle when penetrating incident light to adjust.

To comprise the transparent of polymer/liquid crystal composite bed and scattering switching device be clipped in flat electrode between.The polymer/liquid crystal composite bed comprises liquid crystal molecule and polymkeric substance.For example, the grouping of liquid crystal wherein can be diffused into polymer diffusion liquid crystal layer in the polymer film, comprise the LC layer that wherein in liquid crystal, has added polymer fiber potpourri, comprise the LC layer that wherein in liquid crystal, has added globule potpourri, comprise wherein in polymkeric substance diffusion have the liquid crystal micro-capsule the LC layer potpourri or comprise that the potpourri that wherein liquid crystal material suitably is arranged on the LC layer in the polymer nature is as the polymer/liquid crystal composite bed.

As shown in Figure 1, in transparent and scattering switching device 22, will be dispersed in the PDLC layer 11 that forms among the polymer nature 11a by 11b that liquid crystal is divided into groups and put into electrode 10, and on each electrode 10, transparency carrier 9 will be set.Apply voltage by electrode 10 to the PDLC layer 11 that is clipped between the electrode 10, change the directed state of the liquid crystal molecule in the PDLC layer 11 thus.For example, by the exposure of light-cured resin and liquid crystal material and the described potpourri that hardens are formed PDLC layer 11.Transparent and scattering switching device 22 scatterings or transmission be from the light of window shutter 12 incidents, and with light directive liquid crystal board 21.

In liquid crystal board 21, be provided with carrying out the polarization plates 1 of polarization from transparent and light 22 incidents of scattering switching device, and transparency carrier 8 is arranged on the polarization plates 1.The pixel electrode 7 that defines pixel region is set according to matrix shape, on transparency carrier 8.The surface that liquid crystal layer 6 covers pixel electrode 7 and transparency carrier 8 is set.The common electrode 5 that will be used for applying to liquid crystal layer 6 voltage is arranged on liquid crystal layer 6, and transparency dielectric layer 4 is arranged on the common electrode 5.In transparency dielectric layer 4, with transparency carrier 8 surfaces on form groove on the regional corresponding position that do not covered by pixel electrode 7, and be provided in groove preventing that exterior light from projecting to the black matrix 3 on the liquid crystal board.Transparency carrier 2 is set covering transparency dielectric layer 4 and black matrix 3, and the polarization plates 1 that will be used for the emergent light from liquid crystal board is carried out polarization is arranged on transparency carrier 2.

As shown in Figure 5, have at directions X than the ellipse distribution of expanding widelyer in the Y direction 38 from backlight 13 light that penetrate.This emergent light distributes and shows that the area of distributed areas is big more, and light is expanded greatly more.When the light 38 with this distribution incided on the window shutter 12, the light of propagating along directions X was absorbed by window shutter 12, and it is become the light 39 with the distribution that highly collimates, and it is in fact with round-shaped distribution.Under the situation about showing in wide visual field, when the light 39 with this distribution incides when being on the transparent of scattering state and the scattering switching device 22, the light of circular distribution is by evenly scattering, to become the circular distribution light of expanding greatlyyer 40.Liquid crystal board 21 is crossed in light 40 transmissions with this distribution, and is penetrated, and shows to realize wide visual field.

As shown in Figure 6, when the light with distribution 38 incided on the window shutter 12, the light of propagating along directions X was absorbed by window shutter 12, and it is become the light 39 with the distribution that highly collimates, and it is in fact with round-shaped distribution.Under the situation about showing in narrow visual field, when the light 39 with this distribution incides when being on the transparent of pellucidity and the scattering switching device 22, the direct transmission of the light of circular distribution is crossed transparent and scattering switching device 22, and penetrates and have 39 the light of distributing.Liquid crystal board 21 is crossed in light 39 transmissions with this distribution, and is penetrated, and shows to realize narrow visual field.

Next, with explain as above form, according to the operation of the liquid crystal display of first embodiment of the invention.At first, with the situation of explaining that wide visual field shows.As shown in Figure 1, make from the light of 13 outgoing backlight and incide on the window shutter 12.As shown in Figure 3, from the backlight 13 only diffused lights that penetrate, and θ and φ have the distribution of broad.As shown in Figure 2 backlight 13 in, as shown in Figure 5, have bigger θ value under than the situations of φ at φ under near the situations of 0 degree or 180 degree near 90 degree or 270 degree from backlight 13 light that penetrate.In other words, have at directions X than the ellipse distribution of expanding widelyer in the Y direction 38 from backlight 13 light that penetrate.When the light 38 with this distribution incided on the window shutter 12, the light with big θ was absorbed by the absorption region 12b of window shutter 12.Transparent region 11a is crossed in transmittance with less θ.Therefore, the light that penetrates from window shutter 12, removed light, and penetrated the distribute light 39 that has less distribution area and highly collimate with big θ.

As shown in Figure 1, from having of penetrating of window shutter 12 distribute 39 highly collimated light incide transparent and scattering switching device 22 on.Under the situation of wide visual field demonstration, do not apply voltage to PDLC layer 11.Therefore, PDLC layer 11 is in the wherein state of liquid crystal molecule 11b random dispersion in polymer nature 11a, and scatter incident light.Therefore, as shown in Figure 5, the light 39 of circular distribution is become the circular distribution light of expanding greatlyyer 40 by the 11 even scattering of PDLC layer.In other words, improved the light of its directivity by transparent and scattering switching device 22 scatterings by window shutter 12, thereby had lower directivity, and become and have wide-angle light.As shown in Figure 1, the distribute light of expanding in the scope of broad 40 incides on the liquid crystal board 21, and is penetrated when keeping distribution 40.In this manner, with the field angle display image of broad.

Next, with the situation of explaining that narrow visual field shows.As shown in Figure 6, situation about showing with wide visual field is identical, will become the distribute light 39 that has less distribution area and highly collimate from backlight 13 light that penetrate, that have oval distribution 38 by window shutter 12.

As shown in Figure 1, have 39 the highly collimated light of distributing incide transparent and scattering switching device 22 on.Under the situation of narrow visual field demonstration, apply predetermined voltage to PDLC layer 11.Therefore, PDLC layer 11 becomes wherein the liquid crystal molecule 11b that is dispersed among the polymer nature 11a is carried out directed pellucidity.In other words, PDLC layer 11 direct transmission incident light.Therefore, as shown in Figure 6, PDLC layer 11 is crossed in the light 39 direct transmissions of circular distribution.In other words, the light that has improved its directivity by window shutter 12 with the state that keeps the highly distribution 39 of collimation from transparent and scattering switching device 22 ejaculations.As shown in Figure 1, the light 39 with highly distribution of collimation incides on the liquid crystal board 21, and is penetrated when keeping distribution 39.In this manner, with narrower field angle display image.

In this manner, to be converted to highly collimated light from the backlight 13 low directivity light that penetrate by window shutter 12, and, utilize the PDLC layer by transparent and transmission of scattering switching device or scattering highly collimated light, between demonstration of narrow visual field and the demonstration of wide visual field, switch.Therefore, can increase the variable-width of the illumination angle of the light in the light source, and the variable-width that increases the field angle of the liquid crystal display that uses this light source.

Here, utilize traditional prismatic lens to replace window shutter 12 to constitute the liquid crystal display identical with first exemplary embodiments, with measure under the situation about showing in narrow visual field, relation between field angle and the brightness.The scope of 0 degree field angle (promptly obtaining to be equal to or greater than half the field angle of brightness value of brightness when liquid crystal display is watched in the place ahead) is each 30 degree to the left and right.On the other hand, in first embodiment, half the scope of field angle of brightness value that obtains to be equal to or greater than the brightness of 0 degree field angle is each 20 degree to the left and right.In this manner, in first exemplary embodiments, compare, can realize effectively that narrow visual field shows with conventional art.

Next, first modification of the present invention's first exemplary embodiments will be explained.Fig. 7 shows the planimetric map of the example of the window shutter in first liquid crystal display of revising that is used in first exemplary embodiments according to the present invention.In above-mentioned first exemplary embodiments, as shown in Figure 4, when when observing window shutter 12 perpendicular to the direction on surface, the transparent region 12a and the absorption region 12b of band shape alternately arrange.Therefore, can only improve the direction of light that incides on the window shutter 12 in one direction.On the other hand, in first of first exemplary embodiments is revised, as shown in Figure 7,, in the 12b of absorption region, arrange circular transparent region 12a according to matrix shape when when observing window shutter 12 perpendicular to the direction on surface.Therefore, the direction of light that incides on the window shutter 12 can improved on a plurality of directions.Except that above-mentioned, first assembly, operation and the effect of revising of first exemplary embodiments is all identical with first exemplary embodiments.

Next, second modification of the present invention's first exemplary embodiments will be explained.Fig. 8 shows the planimetric map of the example of the window shutter in second liquid crystal display of revising that is used in first exemplary embodiments according to the present invention.In first of first exemplary embodiments is revised, as shown in Figure 7, transparent region 12a is arranged among the 12b of absorption region according to matrix shape.On the other hand, in second of first exemplary embodiments is revised, as shown in Figure 8,, in the 12b of absorption region, arrange quadrilateral transparent region 12a according to matrix shape when when observing window shutter 12 perpendicular to the direction on surface.For example, transparent region 12a is square or rectangle.Except that above-mentioned, second assembly, operation and the effect of revising of first exemplary embodiments all revised identical with first of first exemplary embodiments.

Next, the 3rd modification of the present invention's first exemplary embodiments will be explained.Fig. 9 shows the synoptic diagram of the 3rd light distribution property of liquid crystal display when wide visual field angle of revising of first exemplary embodiments according to the present invention.Figure 10 shows the synoptic diagram of the 3rd light distribution property of liquid crystal display when narrow field angle of revising of first exemplary embodiments according to the present invention.

In first exemplary embodiments, as shown in Figure 5, have at directions X than the ellipse distribution of expanding widelyer in the Y direction 38 from backlight 13 light that penetrate.When the light 38 with this distribution incided on the window shutter 12, the light of propagating along directions X was absorbed by window shutter 12, and it is become the light 39 with the distribution that highly collimates, and it is in fact with round-shaped distribution.Under the situation about showing in wide visual field, when the light 39 with this distribution incides when being on the transparent of scattering state and the scattering switching device 22, the light of circular distribution is by evenly scattering, to become the circular distribution light of expanding greatlyyer 40.Liquid crystal board 21 is crossed in light 40 transmissions with this distribution, and is penetrated, and shows to realize wide visual field.In addition, as shown in Figure 6, when the light with distribution 38 incided on the window shutter 12, the light of propagating along directions X was absorbed by window shutter 12, and it is become the light 39 with the distribution that highly collimates, and it is in fact with round-shaped distribution.Under the situation about showing in narrow visual field, when the light 39 with this distribution incides when being on the transparent of pellucidity and the scattering switching device 22, the direct transmission of the light of circular distribution is crossed transparent and scattering switching device 22, and penetrates and have 39 the light of distributing.Liquid crystal board 21 is crossed in light 39 transmissions with this distribution, and is penetrated, and shows to realize narrow visual field.

On the other hand, in the 3rd of first exemplary embodiments is revised, as shown in Figure 9, have in the Y direction than the ellipse distribution of expanding widelyer at directions X 41 from backlight 13 light that penetrate.When the light 41 with this distribution incides on the window shutter 12, further improve the direction of light of propagating along directions X by window shutter 12, particularly, the light that is distributed on the directions X is become the light with the distribution 42 that highly collimates.Under the situation about showing in wide visual field, when the light 42 with this distribution incides when being on the transparent of scattering state and the scattering switching device 22, light is scattered, thereby along the directions X expansion, becomes distribute light 43.Liquid crystal board 21 is crossed in light 43 transmissions with this distribution, and is penetrated, and shows to realize wide visual field.In addition, as shown in figure 10, when the light with distribution 41 from 13 ejaculations backlight incide on the window shutter 12, further improve the directions of light of propagating along directions X by window shutter 12, particularly, the light that is distributed on the directions X is become the light with the distribution 42 that highly collimates.Under the situation of narrow visual field demonstration, when the light 42 with this distribution incides when being on the transparent of pellucidity and the scattering switching device 22, have the direct transmission of light that the height collimation of the light that distributes along directions X distributes and cross transparent and scattering switching device 22, and penetrate and have 42 the light of distributing.Liquid crystal board 21 is crossed in light 42 transmissions with this distribution, and is penetrated, to realize the narrow visual field demonstration at directions X.

In the 3rd of first exemplary embodiments is revised, compare with first exemplary embodiments, penetrate and, can realize that bright wide visual angle shows owing to can reduce by the light quantity that window shutter 12 absorbs from backlight 13.Particularly, because backlight 13 light quantity is limited, the 3rd to be modified under the situation that the field angle that need only realize on the directions X switches be effective.Except that above-mentioned, the 3rd assembly, operation and the effect of revising of first exemplary embodiments is all identical with first exemplary embodiments.

Next, will explain second exemplary embodiments of the present invention.Figure 11 shows the sectional view of the liquid crystal display of second exemplary embodiments according to the present invention.In above-mentioned first exemplary embodiments, as shown in Figure 1, with a window shutter 12 of wherein alternately arranging with shape transparent region 12a and absorption region 12b be arranged on backlight 13 and transparent and scattering switching device 22 between.On the other hand, in second exemplary embodiments, as shown in figure 11, pile up window shutter 15 and window shutter 14, be arranged on backlight 13 and transparent and scattering switching device 22 between.For window shutter 15, alternately arrange transparent region 15a and absorption region 15b along a direction.For window shutter 14, band shape transparent region 14a and absorption region (not shown) are alternately arranged with the direction of the orientation quadrature of window shutter 15 in the edge.

Therefore, in second exemplary embodiments, not only can and can improve the direction of light that incides on the window shutter 12 along a direction along the direction of quadrature with it.Therefore, for example, not only can in the horizontal direction and can realize effectively in vertical direction that narrow visual field shows.Except that above-mentioned, the assembly of second exemplary embodiments, operation and effect all with first typical case

Embodiment is identical.

Next, will explain the 3rd exemplary embodiments of the present invention.Figure 12 shows the sectional view of the liquid crystal display of the 3rd exemplary embodiments according to the present invention.In above-mentioned first exemplary embodiments, as shown in Figure 1, liquid crystal molecule 11b is wherein spread to traditional PD LC layer 11 among the polymer nature 11a equably as planar transparent and scattering switching device 22.On the other hand, in the 3rd exemplary embodiments, as shown in figure 12, it is modulated the distribution that makes the liquid crystal molecule 16b that spreads among the polymer nature 16a have the uneven PDLC layer 16 of ring-type thereby use.In modulation PDLC layer 16, for example, repeat dense part of liquid crystal molecule 11b and the sparse part of liquid crystal molecule 11b annularly along a direction.Modulation PDLC layer 16 repeats the strong scatter incident light of direction of the sparse part of the dense part of liquid crystal molecule 11b and liquid crystal molecule 11b along ring-type.Therefore, can increase field angle on this direction.

Can expose to the PDLC layer and photocuring is made this modulation PDLC layer 16 by using at the PDLC layer with traditional PD LC layer identical materials and by photomask.Before solidifying, light shine on the PDLC layer by the photomask that has formed linear pattern annularly.Begun sclerosis by light-struck part.The concentration gradient of liquid crystal molecule 16b takes place between hardening region and non-hardening region at this moment.By photomask the PDLC layer after the exposure schedule time, is being exposed to the whole surface of PDLC layer, obtaining modulation PDLC layer 16 thus.In this modulation PDLC layer 16, the potpourri with two or more liquid crystal molecules of different sizes can be used as liquid crystal molecule 16b.Except that above-mentioned, the assembly of the 3rd exemplary embodiments, operation and effect are all identical with first exemplary embodiments.

Next, will explain the 4th exemplary embodiments of the present invention.Figure 13 shows the sectional view of the liquid crystal display of the 4th exemplary embodiments according to the present invention.In the 4th exemplary embodiments kind, as shown in figure 13, except that the structure according to the liquid crystal display of first exemplary embodiments, liquid crystal display also comprises light source intensity control module 26 and transparent and scattering switching device control module 27.26 controls of light source intensity control module will offer the magnitude of current of white light LEDs 25, and adjust light quantity (being the brightness of white light LEDs 25).Transparent and scattering switching device control module 27 switches on and off transparent and voltage scattering switching device 22.Connection ground formation light source intensity control module 26 and transparent and scattering switching device control module 27 are relative to each other.Except that above-mentioned, the assembly of the 4th exemplary embodiments is identical with first exemplary embodiments.

Next, the operation according to the liquid crystal display of the 4th exemplary embodiments that as above constitutes will be explained.As shown in figure 13, under the situation of wide visual field demonstration, transparent and scattering switching device control module 27 does not apply voltage to transparent and scattering switching device 22.Therefore, scattering is incided light on the transparent and scattering switching device 22 from window shutter 12.At this moment, light source intensity control module 26 provides electric current to white light LEDs 25, thereby makes the front brightness brightness of 0 degree field angle of liquid crystal board 21 (promptly) get predetermined value.Under the situation of narrow visual field demonstration, transparent and scattering switching device control module 27 applies voltage to transparent and scattering switching device 22.Therefore, the direct transmission of inciding on transparent and the scattering switching device 22 from window shutter 12 of light is crossed transparent and scattering switching device 22.Therefore, when the magnitude of current that offers white light LEDs 25 identical (promptly identical from backlight 13 light quantities that penetrate), the front brightness of liquid crystal board 21 is with excessive.Therefore, adjust and to offer the magnitude of current of white light LEDs 25, thus make liquid crystal board 21 the front brightness under the narrow visual field demonstration situation get with wide visual field demonstration situation under identical numerical value.Therefore, in the 4th exemplary embodiments, make the front brightness of liquid crystal board 21 keep constant.Should be noted that therein and under the situation that light LED 25 is made of blue-ray LED and yellow phosphor, can adjust the light quantity of white light LEDs 25 by the pulse-length modulation of electric current.Under the situation of the white light LEDs 25 that constitutes by blue-ray LED and yellow phosphor, encourage yellow phosphor sending gold-tinted by the part blue light that penetrates by blue-ray LED, and, produce white light blue light and yellow light mix.When adjusting the magnitude of current, thus make the front brightness of liquid crystal board 21 under narrow visual field demonstration situation get with wide visual field demonstration situation under during the numerical value of equivalence because the emissivity of blue light and gold-tinted fluctuates, the colourity change of liquid crystal board 21 has taken place.On the other hand, when adjusting light quantity, realize the light quantity adjustment, thereby the colourity that can control liquid crystal board 21 changes by the ratio of adjusting fluorescent lifetime by pulsed modulation.Except that above-mentioned, the operation of the 4th exemplary embodiments is all identical with first exemplary embodiments with effect.

Next, will explain the 5th exemplary embodiments of the present invention.Figure 14 shows the sectional view of the liquid crystal display of the 5th exemplary embodiments according to the present invention.In above-mentioned the 4th embodiment, as shown in figure 13, white light LEDs 25 and line source 36 have been used.On the other hand, in the 5th exemplary embodiments, as shown in figure 14, use wherein linear, annular arrangement the light source of red-light LED 28, green light LED 29 and blue-ray LED 30 replace line source 36.Liquid crystal display comprises light source intensity control module 26, is used to control the magnitude of current that will offer red-light LED 28, green light LED 29 and blue-ray LED 30, and adjusts light quantity (being the brightness of LED).Except that above-mentioned, the assembly of the 5th exemplary embodiments is identical with the 4th exemplary embodiments.

Next, the operation according to the liquid crystal display of the 5th exemplary embodiments that as above constitutes will be explained.As shown in figure 14, the light that penetrates from red-light LED 28, green light LED 29 and blue-ray LED 30 incides on backlight 13.Red, green and blueness is the three primary colors of light, and the light of these three kinds of colors overlaps each other the formation white light.Backlight 13 are converted to planar light with incident light.Under the situation about showing in wide visual field, this light incide transparent and scattering switching device 22 on, and be scattered.At this moment, because the scattering of light degree depends on light wavelength, have the light quilt scattering more consumingly of shorter wavelength, and have less being scattered of light of longer wavelength.In other words, blue light is easier to be scattered, and is scattered and ruddiness is less.Therefore, when when liquid crystal board is watched in the place ahead, the displayed map kine bias is red.

Therefore, when by transparent and scattering switching device 22 scattered lights, for example, increase the magnitude of current that offers blue-ray LED 30, with the easier blue light that is scattered of enhancing, and reduce the magnitude of current that offers red-light LED 28, with the less ruddiness that is scattered of diminuendo.In this manner, in demonstration of wide visual field and the demonstration of narrow visual field, apply voltage with whether to transparent and scattering switching device 22 and adjust the light intensity that red-light LED 28, green light LED 29 and blue-ray LED 30 are sent explicitly, can make when liquid crystal board is watched in the place ahead thus, the color of display image keeps constant.Except that above-mentioned, the operation of the 5th exemplary embodiments is all identical with the 4th exemplary embodiments with effect.

Next, will explain the 6th exemplary embodiments of the present invention.Figure 15 shows the sectional view of the liquid crystal display of the 6th exemplary embodiments according to the present invention.In the 6th exemplary embodiments, except that structure, transparency carrier 121 all is set in the both sides of window shutter 12 according to the liquid crystal display of first exemplary embodiments.In one example, the material of transparency carrier 121 is polyethylene terephthalates.Except that above-mentioned, the assembly of the 6th exemplary embodiments is identical with first exemplary embodiments.

In the liquid crystal display that as above constitutes according to the 6th exemplary embodiments, owing to transparency carrier 121 is set in the both sides of window shutter 12, have the effect of the tolerance level that can improve 12 pairs of temperature and humidities variations of window shutter, thereby improved the reliability of liquid crystal display.Except that above-mentioned, the operation of the 6th exemplary embodiments is all identical with first exemplary embodiments with effect.In addition, also the 6th exemplary embodiments can be applied to second to the 5th exemplary embodiments.

Next, will explain the 7th exemplary embodiments of the present invention.Figure 16 shows the sectional view of the liquid crystal display of the 7th exemplary embodiments according to the present invention.Though in the 6th exemplary embodiments, with double sticky tape abatvent and transparent and scattering switching device, but in the 7th exemplary embodiments, bonding both sides all have the window shutter 12 and transparent and scattering switching device 22 of transparency carrier 121, as a result, form.Except that above-mentioned, the assembly of the 7th exemplary embodiments is identical with the 6th exemplary embodiments.

In the liquid crystal display that as above constitutes according to the 7th exemplary embodiments, transparency carrier 121 is arranged on the both sides of window shutter 12, in addition, form window shutter 12 and transparent and scattering switching device 22.Therefore, the tolerance level that 12 pairs of temperature and humidities of window shutter change can be improved, and the reliability of liquid crystal display can be improved.Can also reduce the thickness of liquid crystal display.Except that above-mentioned, the operation of the 7th exemplary embodiments is all identical with the 6th exemplary embodiments with effect.

Next, will explain the 8th exemplary embodiments of the present invention.Figure 17 shows the sectional view of the liquid crystal display of the 8th exemplary embodiments according to the present invention.Compare with the structure according to the liquid crystal display of the 7th exemplary embodiments, the 8th exemplary embodiments is characterised in that: form window shutter 12 and transparent and scattering switching device 22, and it has common substrate.In this example, window shutter 12 has the transparency carrier 121 that is positioned at its both sides, and the substrate 121 of window shutter 12 is also as transparency carriers transparent and scattering switching device 22 sides.Therefore, transparent and scattering switching device 22 does not have the transparency carrier 9 that is positioned at window shutter 12 sides.Except that above-mentioned, the assembly of the 8th exemplary embodiments is identical with the 7th exemplary embodiments.

As mentioned above, in liquid crystal display according to the 8th exemplary embodiments, not only can with the same reliability that improves of liquid crystal display according to the 7th exemplary embodiments, and can reduce the thickness of liquid crystal display.In addition, owing to can reduce the substrate number that constitutes the liquid crystal built-in unit, can also alleviate the weight of liquid crystal display.Except that above-mentioned, the operation of the 8th exemplary embodiments is all identical with the 7th exemplary embodiments with effect.

Next, will explain the 9th exemplary embodiments of the present invention.Figure 18 shows the sectional view of the liquid crystal display of the 9th exemplary embodiments according to the present invention.Compare with structure according to the liquid crystal display of the 8th exemplary embodiments, in the 9th exemplary embodiments, 12 on window shutter have by window shutter 12 and transparent and scattering switching device 22 shared transparency carrier 121, and do not have the transparency carrier that is positioned at 13 sides backlight.Except that above-mentioned, the assembly of the 9th exemplary embodiments is identical with the 8th exemplary embodiments.

In the liquid crystal display according to the 9th exemplary embodiments that as above constitutes, because the transparency carrier that window shutter 12 is positioned at 13 sides backlight is not set, reliability is lower than the reliability according to the liquid crystal display of the 8th exemplary embodiments.But, owing to be provided with transparency carrier 121, compare with first exemplary embodiments in transparent and scattering switching device 22 sides, can improve reliability.In addition, and compare, in the 9th exemplary embodiments,, can further reduce the thickness and the weight of liquid crystal display owing to can remove the transparency carrier of window shutter 12 according to the liquid crystal display of the 8th exemplary embodiments.Except that above-mentioned, the operation of the 9th exemplary embodiments is all identical with the 8th exemplary embodiments with effect.

Next, will explain the tenth exemplary embodiments of the present invention.Figure 19 shows the sectional view of the liquid crystal display of the tenth exemplary embodiments according to the present invention.Compare with structure, be: used backlight 213 of the height collimation in monthly magazine " Display ", in May, 2004, the 14th to 17 page, described according to the difference of the liquid crystal display of the tenth exemplary embodiments according to the liquid crystal display of first exemplary embodiments.In this traditional height collimated back 213, LED is arranged on the position that wherein is provided with optical plate, and is that middle heart is arranged in the optical plate with LED linear microprism.With prism structure wherein is that the prismatic lens that middle heart is provided with is arranged on the light-emitting area of optical plate with LED equally.In addition, reflector plate is arranged on optical plate and is provided with on the surface of surperficial opposite side of prismatic lens.Except that above-mentioned, the assembly of the tenth exemplary embodiments is identical with first exemplary embodiments.

In the liquid crystal display that as above constitutes,, can reduce the absorption loss of 12 pairs of light of window shutter, and realize bright demonstration owing to used the height collimated back 213 that on its light-emitting area, has improved directivity two-dimensionally according to the tenth exemplary embodiments.In addition because directivity backlight is two-dimentional, can also show at the direction of the transparent region of alternately arranging window shutter 12 and absorption region mutually quadrature direction, switch the effect of field angle.It should be noted that, height collimation backlight that is not limited to described in the monthly magazine " Display ", in May, 2004, the 14th to 17 page backlight that is suitable for use in height collimation in this exemplary embodiments, as long as improve its directivity two-dimensionally, can be with any liquid crystal display that is applied to backlight.

Figure 20 shows in the liquid crystal display according to the tenth exemplary embodiments, a little voltage is applied to the curve map that is on the transparent of scattering state and the scattering switching device 22 with the experimental result of adjusting scatter properties.In this curve map, transverse axis is represented field angle, and Z-axis is represented brightness.The result who is illustrated by the broken lines is the Luminance Distribution on voltage not being applied to the PDLC layer that has constituted transparent and scattering switching device the time, the result who is represented by solid line is with the Luminance Distribution of a little voltage (1 volt in one example) when being applied on the PDLC layer.Should be noted that in context a little voltage is represented the small voltage compared with the voltage of transparent and scattering switching device being brought into pellucidity.Though do not applying under the voltage condition to the PDLC layer, front brightness (0 ° direction on brightness) is 75cd/m ², but applying under a little voltage condition to it, front brightness is brought up to 120cd/m ²On the other hand, at vergence direction, more specifically, in+25 ° to+80 ° scope or in-25 ° to-80 ° scope, although descend in the brightness that applies to it under a little voltage condition, but the degree that voltage descends is very little, has guaranteed in fact and the brightness that does not apply same degree under the voltage condition.This shows: by when transparent and scattering switching device carry out scattering, apply a little voltage, reduce scatter properties a little, can improve the brightness in the place ahead significantly, and can not reduce the brightness of vergence direction significantly.Because limited light quantity backlight, brightness falls under the situation of wide visual field demonstration forwardly, and this result is effective.Although the tenth exemplary embodiments is explained, above-mentioned explanation is not limited to the tenth exemplary embodiments, also can be applied to other exemplary embodiments.Except that above-mentioned, the operation of the tenth exemplary embodiments is all identical with first exemplary embodiments with effect.

Next, will explain the 11 exemplary embodiments of the present invention.Figure 21 shows the skeleton view of the portable terminal that liquid crystal display of the present invention is installed.As shown in figure 21, liquid crystal display 100 of the present invention is installed in as on cell phone 90 grades.

Liquid crystal display of the present invention can be applied to as portable sets such as cell phones, make it can realize switching the demonstration of field angle.Particularly, under situation about liquid crystal display of the present invention being installed on the cell phone, at least along cellular transparent region and the absorption region of adjusting the window shutter of element as beam direction of laterally alternately arranging, make thus its can at cellular laterally, show in wide visual field and switch between showing narrow visual field.Can prevent that in places such as public transit facilities other people are from laterally watching like this.Should be noted that portable set is not limited to cell phone, liquid crystal display can be applied to as multiple portable terminals such as PDA(Personal Digital Assistant), game machine, digital camera, digital camera and notebooks.In addition, the portable set that liquid crystal display of the present invention is installed can have and is used for showing in wide visual field and during the demonstration of narrow visual field, change the setting of quantity of light source independently of one another, and the luminosity factor of light source can be set in both cases.Therefore, the user can be provided with best field angle according to environment for use.In addition, portable terminal can have the device that is used to detect remaining battery electric quantity, and has the control device that can change field angle according to detected remaining battery electric quantity automatically.As mentioned above, in liquid crystal display of the present invention, owing to reduce more electric energy when showing than wide visual field in the time of can showing in narrow visual field, can reduce power consumption by when remaining battery electric quantity is low, with the narrow visual field of demonstration becoming automatically, wide visual field, showing, and prolong the running time of portable set.

Next, will explain the 12nd embodiment of the present invention.Figure 22 shows the planimetric map of transparent and scattering switching device 22 of the liquid crystal display of the 12 exemplary embodiments according to the present invention.Compare with the structure of first exemplary embodiments, the difference of the 12 exemplary embodiments is: be processed at least one side of the electrode 10 of transparent and scattering switching device 22 linear.Except that above-mentioned, the assembly of the 12 exemplary embodiments is identical with first exemplary embodiments.

In the liquid crystal display that as above constitutes, can planar carry out transparent partly and switching scattering by applying different voltage with the linear electrode 10 of being processed into of scattering switching device 22 to transparent according to the 12 exemplary embodiments.Therefore, for example, can be according to the image information that will be presented on the liquid crystal display, only at the part that shows secret information, will be transparent and scattering switching device 22 become transparent, to realize the demonstration of narrow visual field.The shape that should be noted that the electrode 10 of transparent and scattering switching device 22 is not limited to linear, also can be piece shape.

Therefore, can between demonstration of narrow visual field and the demonstration of wide visual field, switch with piece shape.In addition, in being arranged on PDLC layer two transparency carrier up and down, electrode can be processed into linearly respectively, and arrange, thereby make it vertically orthogonal.Can realize like this driving at the passive matrix of transparent and scattering switching device 22, and the field angle of arbitrary portion on can toggle screen.Except that above-mentioned, the operation of the 12 exemplary embodiments is all identical with first exemplary embodiments with effect.

Should be noted that PDLC layer be not in pellucidity being in scattering state when it applies voltage when it applies voltage as the PDLC layer that is used in each exemplary embodiments and each modification.Therefore, when transparent and scattering switching device was in the state of wherein transparent and scattering switching device scatter incident light, transparent and scattering switching device is consumed power not.Therefore, owing to give backlight electric power, can improve the brightness of light source when scattering state with power distribution.But the form of PDLC layer is not limited thereto, and also can not use being in pellucidity when it applies voltage be in the PDLC layer of scattering state when it applies voltage.Obtain this PDLC layer by when applying voltage, material being exposed with the described material that hardens to it.Therefore, in portable data assistance, needn't apply voltage to the PDLC layer, and the power consumption of the narrow visual field that can control frequent use in showing.

In addition, can be with cholesteryl liquid crystal, ferroelectric liquid crystals etc. as the liquid crystal molecule in the PDLC layer.Even disconnect the voltage that is applied, liquid crystal still keeps the directed state when it has applied voltage, and has the memory attribute.By using this PDLC layer, can reduce power consumption.

As shown in figure 23, wherein alternately forming the transparent region of beam direction adjustment element and the direction of absorption region and the line of pixels column direction of LCD panel can be not parallel to each other.Therefore, can reduce, and improve the picture quality of liquid crystal display owing to beam direction is adjusted the striped that element and display board form.

The display board that is used for making up with light source of the present invention is not limited to the transparent liquid crystal plate.Can use any display board, backlight as long as this display board uses.Particularly, can suitably use the less liquid crystal board that depends on field angle.As the example of the pattern of this liquid crystal board, under transverse electric field mode, there are IPS (switching in the face) system, FFS (fringing field switching) system, AFFS (senior fringing field switching) system etc.In addition, under the vertical orientation pattern, there are MVA (multiple domain perpendicular alignmnet) system, PVA (pattern perpendicular alignmnet) system, ASV (senior super V) system etc., wherein liquid crystal board are divided into a plurality of zones, to reduce dependence field angle.The present invention suitably can also be used in the LCD panel of film compensation TN pattern.By using these less liquid crystal boards that depends on field angle, can be when transparent and scattering switching device be in scattering state, the tone reversal of control display, and improve visual.In addition, liquid crystal board is not limited to transmissive liquid crystal panels, can use any plate, as long as described plate has regional transmission in each pixel.Can also use half transmitting liquid crystal board, little transmissive liquid crystal panels and little reflective liquid crystal plate, it has reflector space in the part of each pixel.Should be noted that in order to reduce dependence, always do not need reflector space, have only regional transmission also can reduce dependence field angle to field angle.

Those of ordinary skill in the art provides aforementioned description, so that can make and use the present invention to embodiment.In addition, for the ordinary skill in the art, be conspicuous to the multiple modification of these embodiment, and can be with the General Principle that limited here and concrete example application in other embodiment, and need not creative work.Therefore, and be not inclined to the present invention is confined to embodiment as described herein, but meet the wide region that limits by the restriction of claim and equivalent thereof.

In addition, even should be noted in the discussion above that and in application process claim is made amendment, inventor's intention remains all equivalents of restriction invention required for protection.

Claims (41)

1, a kind of light source comprises:

Backlight;

Beam direction is adjusted element, adjusts the direction of light from incident backlight, and described light is penetrated, and wherein alternately forms the transparent region and the light absorbing absorption region of transmitted light along the direction of adjusting direction perpendicular to its light; And

Transparent and scattering switching device switches the light of adjusting element incident from beam direction, thus transmission source light and described light carried out scattering.

2, light source according to claim 1 is characterized in that:

By the exit direction of the light of ejaculation backlight with respect to the perpendicular direction of emitting surface, with oval, expansion radially, and

Alternately form transparent region and the absorption region that beam direction is adjusted element along the direction that is parallel to the long axis of ellipse direction.

3, light source according to claim 1 is characterized in that: adjust in the element at beam direction, when adjusting direction observation beam direction adjustment element from light, transparent region is arranged in the absorption region according to matrix shape.

4, light source according to claim 3 is characterized in that: when adjusting direction observation transparent region from light, the shape of transparent region is circle, ellipse, square or rectangle.

5, light source according to claim 1 is characterized in that: beam direction is adjusted element and comprised: ground floor wherein alternately forms transparent region and absorption region along the first direction of adjusting direction perpendicular to light; And the second layer, wherein alternately form transparent region and absorption region along the direction of adjusting direction perpendicular to light and being orthogonal to first direction.

6, light source according to claim 1 is characterized in that:

In transparent and scattering switching device, the polymer/liquid crystal composite bed that will comprise liquid crystal molecule and polymkeric substance be clipped in flat electrode between;

The polymer/liquid crystal composite bed comprises the high density part that the density of liquid crystal molecule wherein is higher and the lower low-density part of density of liquid crystal molecule wherein; And

Alternately form high density part and low-density part along the direction of adjusting direction perpendicular to light.

7, light source according to claim 1 is characterized in that:

In transparent and scattering switching device, the polymer/liquid crystal composite bed that will comprise liquid crystal molecule and polymkeric substance be clipped in flat electrode between; And

When between flat electrode, not applying voltage, the polymer/liquid crystal composite bed is in the wherein state of polymer/liquid crystal composite bed transmission incident light, and when applying voltage between flat electrode, the polymer/liquid crystal composite bed is in the wherein state of polymer/liquid crystal composite bed scatter incident light.

8, light source according to claim 7 is characterized in that: after stopping to apply voltage, remain on the directed state of liquid crystal molecule when it applies voltage.

9, light source according to claim 1 is characterized in that:

By the exit direction of the light of ejaculation backlight with respect to the perpendicular direction of emitting surface, with oval, expansion radially; And

Adjust in the element at beam direction, alternately form transparent region and the absorption region that beam direction is adjusted element along the direction that is parallel to oval short-axis direction.

10, light source according to claim 1 is characterized in that: with respect to the perpendicular direction of emitting surface, with circular, assemble exit direction radially by the light of ejaculation backlight.

11, light source according to claim 1 is characterized in that:

In transparent and scattering switching device, the polymer/liquid crystal composite bed that will comprise liquid crystal molecule and polymkeric substance be clipped in flat electrode between; And

When between flat electrode, applying voltage, the polymer/liquid crystal composite bed is in the wherein state of polymer/liquid crystal composite bed transmission incident light, and when not applying voltage between flat electrode, the polymer/liquid crystal composite bed is in the wherein state of polymer/liquid crystal composite bed scatter incident light.

12, light source according to claim 11 is characterized in that: after stopping to apply voltage, remain on the directed state of liquid crystal molecule when it applies voltage.

13, light source according to claim 1 is characterized in that: form transparent and scattering switching device and beam direction adjustment element.

14, light source according to claim 13 is characterized in that: transparent have common substrate with scattering switching device and beam direction adjustment element.

15, light source according to claim 14 is characterized in that: the substrate that beam direction is adjusted element only comprise by beam direction adjust element and transparent and scattering switching device shared substrate.

16, light source according to claim 1 is characterized in that: light quantity backlight and transparent and the transparent and scattering state scattering switching device can independently be set.

17, light source according to claim 1 is characterized in that:

When liquid crystal layer be not clipped in therebetween flat electrode between when applying voltage, transparent and scattering switching device is in wherein transparent and state scattering switching device scatter incident light; And

When transparent and scattering switching device uses under scattering state, be applied to voltage transparent and the scattering switching device on.

18, a kind of display device comprises:

Backlight, send the light of planar shaped;

Beam direction is adjusted element, adjusts the direction of light from incident backlight, and described light is penetrated, and wherein alternately forms the transparent region and the light absorbing absorption region of transmitted light along the direction of adjusting direction perpendicular to its light;

Transparent and scattering switching device can switch the light of adjusting element incident from beam direction, thus the described light of transmission and described light carried out scattering; And

Liquid crystal board utilizes from transparent and the light incident of scattering switching device and comes display image.

19, display device according to claim 18 is characterized in that:

By the exit direction of the light of ejaculation backlight with respect to the perpendicular direction of emitting surface, with oval, expansion radially; And

Adjust in the element at beam direction, alternately form transparent region and the absorption region that beam direction is adjusted element along the direction that is parallel to the long axis of ellipse direction.

20, display device according to claim 18 is characterized in that: adjust in the element at beam direction, when adjusting direction observation beam direction adjustment element from light, transparent region is arranged in the absorption region according to matrix shape.

21, display device according to claim 20 is characterized in that: when adjusting direction observation transparent region from light, the shape of transparent region is circle, ellipse, square or rectangle.

22, display device according to claim 18 is characterized in that: beam direction is adjusted element and comprised: ground floor wherein alternately forms transparent region and absorption region along the first direction of adjusting direction perpendicular to light; And the second layer, wherein alternately form transparent region and absorption region along the direction of adjusting direction perpendicular to light and being orthogonal to first direction.

23, display device according to claim 18 is characterized in that:

In transparent and scattering switching device, the polymer/liquid crystal composite bed that will comprise liquid crystal molecule and polymkeric substance be clipped in flat electrode between;

The polymer/liquid crystal composite bed comprises the high density part that the density of liquid crystal molecule wherein is higher and the lower low-density part of density of liquid crystal molecule wherein; And

Alternately form high density part and low-density part along the direction of adjusting direction perpendicular to light.

24, display device according to claim 18 is characterized in that:

In transparent and scattering switching device, the polymer/liquid crystal composite bed that will comprise liquid crystal molecule and polymkeric substance be clipped in flat electrode between; And

When between flat electrode, not applying voltage, the polymer/liquid crystal composite bed is in the wherein state of polymer/liquid crystal composite bed transmission incident light, and when applying voltage between flat electrode, the polymer/liquid crystal composite bed is in the wherein state of polymer/liquid crystal composite bed scatter incident light.

25, display device according to claim 24 is characterized in that: after stopping to apply voltage, remain on the directed state of liquid crystal molecule when it applies voltage.

26, display device according to claim 18, it is characterized in that: when transparent and scattering switching device are in scattering state, display device so that it is in the light quantity under the situation of pellucidity greater than transparent and scattering switching device, is adjusted the brightness that is presented at the image on the display board by light quantity backlight is set.

27, display device according to claim 26 is characterized in that: the white light source that comprises backlight.

28, display device according to claim 26 is characterized in that:

Red light source, green light source and the blue-light source of comprising backlight; And

Adjust red light source, green light source and blue-light source independently of each other.

29, a kind of display device has light source according to claim 1.

30, display device according to claim 18 is characterized in that:

Form the transparent and flat electrode scattering switching device with linear or piece shape, and according to the image information that is presented on the display board, carry out the switching between the transparent and scattering of transparent and scattering switching device partly.

31, display device according to claim 27 is characterized in that: white light source comprises blue-ray LED and yellow phosphor, adjusts light quantity with pulsed modulation.

32, display device according to claim 18 is characterized in that: wherein alternately forming beam direction, to adjust the line of pixels column direction of the direction of the transparent region of element and absorption region and display board not parallel to each other.

33, display device according to claim 18 is characterized in that:

Display board comprises liquid crystal board, and

LCD panel comprises the plate of lateral electric field mode, multiple domain vertical orientation pattern or film compensated TN pattern.

34, a kind of portable terminal has light source according to claim 1.

35, portable terminal according to claim 34 is characterized in that: described portable terminal comprises cell phone, personal digital assistant, game machine, digital camera, notebook or digital camera.

36, portable terminal according to claim 34 is characterized in that also comprising adjusting gear, and described adjusting gear can change amount of backlight and transparent and the transparent and scattering state scattering switching device independently of one another.

37, portable terminal according to claim 36 is characterized in that also comprising:

The electric energy collecting apparatus;

Residual volume pick-up unit at the electric energy that is accumulated in the electric energy collecting apparatus; And

Control device, described control device change the transparent and scattering state of amount of backlight and transparent and scattering switching device automatically according to detected residual volume information.

38, portable terminal according to claim 34 is characterized in that alternately forming transparent and transparent region and absorption region the scattering switching device along the horizontal of portable terminal.

39, a kind of ray direction switching element wherein forms: beam direction is adjusted element and transparent and scattering switching device, and described beam direction is adjusted element and adjusted the incident direction of light, and described light is penetrated; And transparent and scattering switching device, switch the light of adjusting element incident from beam direction, thus the described light of transmission and described light carried out scattering.

40,, it is characterized in that on common substrate, forming transparent and scattering switching device and beam direction adjustment element according to the described ray direction switching element of claim 39.

41, according to the described ray direction switching element of claim 40, it is characterized in that beam direction adjust the substrate of element only comprise by beam direction adjust element and transparent and scattering switching device shared substrate.

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