CN1661841A - 用于燃料电池系统的重整器和具有重整器的燃料电池系统 - Google Patents
用于燃料电池系统的重整器和具有重整器的燃料电池系统 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1661841A CN1661841A CN2005100641961A CN200510064196A CN1661841A CN 1661841 A CN1661841 A CN 1661841A CN 2005100641961 A CN2005100641961 A CN 2005100641961A CN 200510064196 A CN200510064196 A CN 200510064196A CN 1661841 A CN1661841 A CN 1661841A
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- Prior art keywords
- reformer
- fuel cell
- cell system
- fuel
- conduit
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- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 120
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 48
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 35
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000001833 catalytic reforming Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 16
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 13
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 12
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 8
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 7
- -1 hydrogen ions Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Substances [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000002828 fuel tank Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006057 reforming reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036647 reaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010301 surface-oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种燃料电池系统的重整器和包括重整器的燃料电池系统。该重整器包括具有通过燃料的导管的重整单元。该导管由在导管中适合引发催化重整反应的材料制成。该重整器包括通过加热导管而加热且蒸发燃料的热源单元。该燃料电池系统包括这种重整器、通过氧和氢之间的电化学反应产生电的堆叠体、燃料供应单元、以及空气供应单元。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种燃料电池系统,特别是涉及一种燃料电池系统的重整器结构。
背景技术
燃料电池是产生电能的系统。在燃料电池中,通过氧和包含于烃基材料如甲醇、乙醇或天然气中的氢之间的电化学反应使得化学能直接转化成电能。特别是,燃料电池系统具有如下两方面优势:通过氧和氢之间的电化学反应而没有任何的燃料过程来产生电能以及同时可以利用其中产生的作为其副产品的热量。
燃料电池根据使用的电解质类型和其相应的工作温度进行分类。例如,磷酸盐燃料电池具有工作温度范围为150-200℃,熔融碳酸盐燃料电池具有较高的工作温度范围600-700℃,固体氧化物燃料电池具有超过1000℃的更高的工作温度范围,而聚合物电解质膜燃料电池(PEMFC)和碱性燃料电池具有较低的工作温度范围100℃以下或者室温。这些不同类型的燃料电池工作的基本原理相同,但是在它们的燃料类型、工作温度、催化剂和电解质方面彼此不同。
最近开发的聚合物电解质膜燃料电池(PEMFC)相对于其它类型燃料电池具有优异的输出性能、低的工作温度、和快速的启动和响应性能。PEMFC可以广泛应用于交通工具的移动电源、家庭和建筑物的分布式电源、电子设备的小型电源等等。
PEMFC燃料电池系统包括堆叠体、重整器、燃料罐和燃料泵。堆叠体形成燃料电池的主体。燃料泵从燃料罐将燃料提供给重整器。重整器重整燃料以产生氢气并且将氢气提供给堆叠体。从而,PEMFC燃料电池系统通过燃料泵工作而将燃料从燃料罐提供给重整器,并采用重整器重整燃料以产生氢气。然后,堆叠体通过氢气和氧之间的电化学反应产生电能。
与此相反,直接甲醇燃料电池(DMFC)通过将含有氢的液体燃料直接提供给堆叠体可以产生电能,而不需要如PEMFC所需的重整器。
在上述燃料电池系统中,实质上产生电能的堆叠体构造为包括几个至几十个单元电池,每个单元电池包括膜电极组件(MEA),隔离物(由双电极板组成)设置在膜电极组件的两侧上。在MEA中,阳极和阴极相互对置并以电解质层插入其间。隔离物作为提供燃料电池反应需要的氢气和氧气的通道,还作为连接串联的每个MEA的阳极和阴极的导体。从而,通过隔离物,将氢气提供给阳极以及将氧提供给阴极。在这个过程中,氢气在阳极上发生氧化反应,而氧在阴极上发生还原反应,从而通过同时发生的电子移动产生电能、热和水。
上述的重整器通过催化重整反应将水和含有氢的液体燃料转化成堆叠体中产生电能所需要的富含氢气的重整气体。同样,重整器通过净化重整气体以减小降低燃料电池寿命的有害物质,如一氧化碳。为此,重整器包括用于重整燃料以产生氢气的重整单元、和用于减小重整气体中一氧化碳含量的一氧化碳消除单元。重整单元通过催化反应如湿气重整、部分氧化和自然反应将燃料转化成富含氢的重整气体。一氧化碳消除单元通过各种方法将一氧化碳从重整气体中减小或除去,该方法包括催化反应如通过氢气转化反应、通过选择性氧化反应,或者通过使用隔膜。
在传统的燃料电池系统中,重整单元设置有催化层,用于在反应堆中重整包含液体燃料和水的混合燃料。重整单元被加热,且该重整单元通过催化层中的催化重整反应从混合燃料中产生富含氢的重整气体。
然而,传统燃料电池系统的重整器需要在反应堆中形成催化层的单独步骤,从而增加了制造成本。结果是,整个系统的成本也增加了。此外,当采用金属反应堆时,重整催化层以如下方式形成于反应堆上,即氧化薄膜设置在反应堆表面,然后催化剂溶液涂覆于其上。这使得制备过程复杂化以及使得重整催化层容易与反应堆表面脱离。
发明内容
本发明提供一种具有简单结构并且不需要用于形成催化层的单独步骤的重整器,以及提供包括这种重整器的燃料电池系统。
根据本发明的一个典型性实施例,提供一种燃料电池系统的重整器,其包括:具有燃料通过的导管的重整单元,其中该导管由能够引起催化重整反应的材料制成;和通过加热导管来加热和蒸发燃料的热源单元。
该导管可以具有用于注入燃料的入口和用于排出通过重整反应产生的重整气体的出口,而该导管可以具有粗糙的内表面。
该导管可以由选自第8、9、10、11和12族的元素及其合金制成。
该导管的粗糙内表面可以由空气氧化并接着由氢气还原来形成。
热源单元可以包括与导管接触以加热导管的加热部件。
热源单元可以包括与导管接触的加热板和安装在加热板上的加热线圈,以及该加热板可以具有导管装配其中的连接凹槽。
导管可以弯曲成Z字形。
重整器还包括与导管连接以减小重整器产生的重整气体中一氧化碳浓度的至少一个一氧化碳减少单元。
导管的粗糙内表面可以具有高度大约2-20nm的突起。
此外,根据本发明的另一典型性实施例,提供一种燃料电池系统,其包括:通过氧和氢之间的电化学反应产生电能的堆叠体;通过重整燃料产生氢气的重整器;将燃料提供给重整器的燃料供应单元;和将空气提供给堆叠体的空气供应单元,其中该重整器如上所述。
该燃料供应系统包括:用于储存包括氢的液体燃料的第一罐体;用于储存水的第二罐体;和连接第一和第二罐体的燃料泵。
空气供应单元可以包括将外部空气注入堆叠体的空气泵。
燃料电池系统可以为聚合物电解质膜燃料电池(PEMFC)。
附图说明
结合附图从下面的实施例叙述中,本发明的这些和/或其它方面和优点将变得清楚和更容易理解,其中:
图1是阐述根据本发明的典型实施例的燃料电池系统的示意图;
图2是阐述本发明典型的重整单元和热源单元的分解透视图;
图3是阐述图2示出的重整器单元的横截面图;和
图4是阐述图1示出的堆叠体的分解透视图。
具体实施方式
现在将参照附图更加完整地描述本发明,其中示出本发明的典型实施例。然而。本发明可以体现为多种不同的形式并且不应当解释为局限于其中示出的实施例;相反的,提供这些实施例以使得本公开彻底和完整,且这些实施例完整地将本发明的原理传达给本领域技术人员。
在一个实施例中,本发明采用聚合物电极膜燃料电池(PEMFC)系统,其中包含氢的燃料被重整以产生富含氢的重整气体,以及重整气体和氧电化学反应以产生电能。
根据本发明在燃料电池系统中产生电的燃料除碳氢化合物、如天然气或如甲醇或乙醇的醇燃料外还包括水。从而,以下液体燃料和水的混合物称为混合燃料。氧可以是储存在单独存储容器中的纯氧气,或可以使用简单的包含在空气中的氧。现在,将描述使用大气的例子。
图1是阐述根据本发明的典型燃料电池系统的示意图。
基本上,根据本发明的燃料电池系统100包括:将氧和氢之间的化学反应能转换成电能的堆叠体10、重整含有氢的燃料和水的混合物以产生富含氢的重整气体并且然后将该重整气体提供给堆叠体10的重整器20、将混合燃料提供给重整器20的燃料供应单元30、和将大气提供给堆叠体20的空气供应单元40。
燃料供应单元30包括:用于储存含有氢的液体燃料的第一罐体31、用于储存水的第二罐体32、和分别连接第一和第二罐体31和32的燃料泵33。在这种情况下,第一和第二罐体31和32通过第一供应线91与重整器连接。
空气供应单元40包括将空气注入堆叠体10的空气泵。该空气泵41通过第二供应线92与堆叠体10连接。
图2是阐述重整器20的管状重整单元和热源单元的分解透视图。同样,图3是阐述图2示出的管状重整单元的横截面图。
参照图1至3,根据本发明的重整器20包括:通过催化重整反应从混合燃料中产生富含氢的重整气体的管状重整单元21,和用于加热和蒸发提供给管状重整单元21的混合燃料的热源单元24。
管状重整单元21包括:用作混合燃料通过的液体输送通道的具有预定长度的导管22。导管22具有大约1mm或更小的内径,并且是两端开口的圆形导管。导管22包括将燃料供应单元30提供的混合燃料注入液体输送通道的入口22a和将在导管22中重整反应所产生的重整气体排出的出口22b。优选地,导管22具有图2示出的z字形或曲折形。然而,在管状重整单元21中导管22的形状不局限于此,可以为直线、卷绕形,或根据构成系统100的组件排列改进的其它各种形状。此外,尽管导管被描述为横截面为圆形,但是对于该导管也可以是其它形状。
导管22可以由能够引起催化重整反应的材料制成,例如,该材料含有选自第8、9、10、11和12族中的一种或多种元素及其合金。
更特别的,根据本发明的导管可以由选自包含Cu、Ni、Zn、Pt、Fe和Co中的一种或多种元素及其合金的材料制成。在这种情况下,如上所述,导管22的入口22a可以通过第一供应线91与燃料供应单元30连接。
导管22具有内表面,相对微小的颗粒粗糙地且不规则地形成于其上以促进催化反应。导管的粗糙内表面可以通过使用氧化物和碱性材料而获得,或者通过使用氧进行表面氧化反应并接着使用氢进行还原反应而制得。特别地,在后一种情况下,将导管22加热到高温,然后将高温氧或空气注入到导管22的内部以氧化内表面。通过这个过程,微小的颗粒粗糙地和不规则地形成于内表面上以增加表面积。然后,将高温氢气注入到导管22的内部以还原内表面,从而形成具有高反应活性和高表面积的突起22a。在这种情况下,每个突起22a优选具有大约2至20nm的高度。
上述热源单元24提供需要的热量以在管状重整单元21中产生重整气体。为此,热源单元24包括与导管22的上部和下部接触的加热部件25。每个加热部件25包括具有加热线圈25a的加热板25b。通过电能源或其它热源来提供用于加热线圈25a的热量。同样,加热板25b具有连接槽25c,导管22可以装配在连接槽25c内以接触其上部和下部的表面。从而,当导管22与加热板25b的连接槽25c连接时,导管22可以牢固地固定到加热板25b上。
在另一实施例中,加热线圈25a为加热液体流经的管道。作为一个例子,加热液体包括由一部分液体燃料和空气反应得到的催化氧化反应产物。为此,热源单元24可以具有流动通道以允许液体流经加热板25b的内部,并且流动通道可以设置有由催化材料如铂(Pt)或钌(Ru)构成的氧化催化层。
重整器20通过水气转换反应(WGS)或优选的一氧化碳氧化反应(PROX)可以产生额外的重整气体。同样,重整器20可以包括至少一个一氧化碳减少单元27以减小重整气体中一氧化碳的浓度。
一氧化碳减少单元27包括与管状重整单元21连接的反应容器28,并且如本领域公知的具有设置在反应容器28的内部空间中的氢气转化催化层或一氧化碳选择氧化催化层。反应容器28包括将重整气体从管状重整单元21注入容器空间内的入口28a,和将重整气体排出的出口28b,该重整气体已经被内部空间10中的催化层催化反应过。管状重整单元21的导管22的出口22b可以通过第三供应线93与反应容器28的入口28a连接。反应容器28的出口28b可以通过第四供应线94与堆叠体10连接。
图4是阐述图1示出的堆叠体结构的分解透视图。
参照图1和4,本发明系统100应用的堆叠体10包括多个发电单元11,用来诱发重整气体和大气之间的氧化/还原反应以产生电能。
每个发电单元11对应于发电的单元电池,并包括膜电极组件(MEA)12和隔离物16,该膜电极组件用于氧化/还原重整气体和空气中的氧,该隔离物16将重整气体和空气提供给膜电极组件12。
在发电单元11中,隔离物16排列在膜电极组件12的两侧上。堆叠体10由串联排列的多个发电单元11构造。这里,设置在堆叠体10最外面位置的隔离物16称为端板13。
膜电极组件12具有典型MEA结构,其中电解质薄膜插入到阳极和阴极之间。阳极通过隔离物接收重整气体,并包括催化层和气体扩散层,该催化层通过氧化反应将重整气体转化成电子和氢离子,该气体扩散层用于提高电子和氢离子的运动性。阴极接收通过隔离物16的空气,并且包括催化层和气体扩散层,该催化层通过还原反应将氧转化成电子和氧离子,该气体扩散层用于提高电子和氧离子的运动性。电解质薄膜是厚度为50至200μm的固态聚合物电解质,并且具有离子交换功能以将阳极催化层上产生的氢离子移动到阴极的催化层上。
隔离物16作为串联连接膜电极组件12的阳极和阴极的导体。同样,隔离物16作为通道以将膜电极组件12中氧化/还原反应所需的空气和重整气体提供到阳极和阴极上。为此,隔离物16的表面上具有流动通道17,该流动通道17用于提供膜电极组件12中氧化/还原反应所需的气体。
更特别的,隔离物16排列在膜电极组件(MEA)12的两侧上,以使得它们紧密地排列在膜电极组件12的阳极和阴极上。隔离物16具有流动通道17,并且布置成分别接触膜电极组件12的阳极和阴极表面,以将重整气体提供给阳极并将空气提供给阴极。
每个端板13布置在堆叠体10的最外侧上以作为隔离物16,并且也紧密地粘附到多个发电单元11上。每个端板13可以紧密地粘附到膜电极组件12阳极或阴极中的一个上,特别是,端板13的表面紧密地粘附到膜电极组件12上,该膜电极组件12设置有用于将重整气体或空气中的一种提供到其中一个电极上的流动通道17。
端板13包括:用于将重整器20产生的重整气体注入到隔离物16的流动通道17中的第一供应导管13a,用于将空气注入流动通道17的第二供应导管13b,用于排出多个发电单元11中剩余的未反应氢气的第一排出导管13c,和用于排出多个发电单元11中剩余的未反应空气的第二排出导管13d。这里,第一供应导管13a通过第四供应线94与一氧化碳减少单元27中的反应容器28的出口28b连接。同样,第二供应导管13b通过第二供应线92与空气供应单元40中的空气泵41连接。
下文中将详细地描述根据本发明典型实施例燃料电池系统的工作。
首先,燃料泵33开始运转,并且储存在第一罐体31中的液体燃料和储存在第二罐体32中的水通过第一供应线91被提供给导管22的入口22a。然后,将液体燃料和水的混合物注入到导管22的内部。
此时,通过来自加热部件25的加热线圈25a的热量加热导管22。即,当将电能或其它能量施加给加热线圈25a时,通过导管22传递加热线圈25a所产生的热量。
因此,当混合燃料流经导管22的内部时,由于热量发生蒸发,并且由于重整催化剂而使燃料发生催化反应。从而,由于在导管22中的催化重整反应,从蒸发的液体中产生富含氢的重整气体。随后,通过导管22的出口22b排出重整气体。
通过导管22的出口22b排出的重整气体通过第三供应线93提供给一氧化碳减少单元27的反应容器28。在这种情况下,由于燃料泵33的力将重整气体提供给反应容器。然后,在反应容器28中,诸如通过水气转换(WGS)催化反应或者优选的CO氧化(PROX)催化反应减小重整气体中一氧化碳的浓度。
然后,通过第四供应线94将一氧化碳浓度减少的重整气体提供给堆叠体10的第一供应导管13a。在这种情况下,重整气体可以由于燃料泵33的力而提供给堆叠体10的第一供应导管13a。
同时,空气泵41开始运转通过第二供应线92将外部空气提供给堆叠体10的第二供应导管13b。
于是,重整气体通过堆叠体10的第一供应导管13a提供,而外部空气通过第二供应导管13b提供,从而根据如下化学反应产生电、热和水。
阳极反应:
阳极反应:
总反应:
参照化学反应,通过隔离物16将重整气体提供给膜电极组件12的阳极,并且将电提供给阴极。当重整气体流进阳极时,氢通过催化层被催化转化成电子和质子(氢离子)。同样当质子移动通过电解质薄膜时,在催化剂的帮助下电子、氧离子和移动的质子在阴极中结合以产生水。在这点上,由于阳极上产生的电子不能移动通过电解质薄膜,它们通过外电路移动到阴极。通过这些过程,产生电、热和水。
根据本发明的燃料电池系统,提供一种能够通过使用导管引发催化重整反应的简单结构。从而,可以去除形成传统重整催化层的单独步骤,从而可以减小制造成本,并减小整个系统的成本。此外,与传统技术相比,由于催化重整层不会脱落,因而可以进一步提高整个系统的性能和效率。同样也可以制造尺寸更加紧凑的系统。
尽管上文中已经结合某些典型实施例详细地描述本发明的实施例,应当理解本发明不局限于公开的典型实施例,而相反的是各种修改和/或等同的结构都覆盖在如权利要求限定的本发明的精神和范围中。
Claims (23)
1.一种燃料电池系统的重整器,其包括:
重整单元,该重整单元包括燃料通过的导管,该导管由适合引发催化重整反应的材料制成;和
用于加热导管的热源单元。
2.如权利要求1所述的重整器,其中该导管具有注入燃料的入口,排出重整气体的出口,和粗糙的内表面。
3.如权利要求1所述的重整器,其中该导管由选自第8、9、10、11和12族的元素及其合金的材料制成。
4.如权利要求2所述的重整器,其中该导管的内表面被空气氧化并被氢气还原以形成粗糙的内表面。
5.如权利要求1所述的重整器,其中该热源单元包括与导管接触以加热导管的加热部件。
6.如权利要求5所述的重整器,其中该加热部件包括与导管接触的加热板和与加热板接触的加热线圈,其中该加热板具有连接槽,而该导管装配于该连接槽中。
7.如权利要求1所述的重整器,其中该导管具有Z字形。
8.如权利要求1所述的重整器,还包括与导管连接用于减少由重整器产生的重整气体中的一氧化碳浓度的至少一个一氧化碳减少单元。
9.如权利要求2所述的重整器,其中该导管的粗糙内表面具有高度为2至20nm的突起。
10.如权利要求1所述的重整器,其中该导管由选自Cu、Ni、Zn、Pt、Fe和Co及其合金构成的组中的材料制成。
11.一种燃料电池系统包括:
通过氧和氢之间的电化学反应产生电的堆叠体;
通过重整燃料产生氢气的重整器;
将燃料提供给重整器的燃料供应单元;和
将空气提供给堆叠体的空气供应单元,其中该重整器包括由适合引发催化重整反应的材料制成的重整单元,和用于加热该重整单元的热源单元。
12.如权利要求11所述的燃料电池系统,其中该燃料供应单元包括:
用于储存含有氢的液体燃料的第一罐体;
用于储存水的第二罐体;和
与第一和第二罐体连接的燃料泵。
13.如权利要求11所述的燃料电池系统,其中该空气供应单元包括将大气注入堆叠体的空气泵。
14.如权利要求11所述的燃料电池系统,其中该重整单元包括导管,该导管具有注入燃料的入口和排出重整气体的出口。
15.如权利要求14所述的燃料电池系统,其中该导管具有粗糙的内表面。
16.如权利要求14所述的燃料电池系统,其中该导管由选自第8、9、10、11和12族的元素及其合金的材料制成。
17.如权利要求15所述的燃料电池系统,其中该导管的内表面被空气氧化并被氢还原以制备粗糙的表面。
18.如权利要求14所述的燃料电池系统,其中该热源单元包括与该导管接触的加热部件。
19.如权利要求18所述的燃料电池系统,其中该加热部件包括与该导管接触的加热板和与该加热板接触的加热线圈,其中该加热板具有连接槽,而该导管装配在该连接槽中。
20.如权利要求14所述的燃料电池系统,其中该导管是Z字形。
21.如权利要求11所述的燃料电池系统,其中该重整器还包括用于减小重整气体中一氧化碳浓度的至少一个一氧化碳减少单元。
22.如权利要求21所述的燃料电池系统,其中该燃料电池系统为聚合物电解质膜燃料电池(PEMFC)系统。
23.如权利要求14所述的燃料电池系统,其中该导管由选自Cu、Ni、Zn、Pt、Fe和Co及其合金构成的组中的材料制成。
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CN103887540B (zh) * | 2012-12-21 | 2016-03-02 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | 一种高温液体燃料电池或电池堆的燃料进料装置 |
CN109071218A (zh) * | 2016-06-16 | 2018-12-21 | 京瓷株式会社 | 重整器、单元堆装置、燃料电池模块和燃料电池装置 |
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