CN1661568A - File system in device of recording and playing back sounds and images under embedded type environment - Google Patents
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a file system of audio-video recording and displaying device under the embedded environment. Said system includes: creating super block area which is used for storing positions of bit map area, directory area, index node area and data area on the described storage medium; bit map area which is used for storing bit map, the described bit map is a string of binary bits, every binary bit can represent the occupied state of one block on the described storage medium; the directory area for storing directory item, the described directory item includes file name of the file and index node number of said file at the entry of index node area; the index node area used for storing index node, every index node has a number; and data area which is used for storing digital audio-video file data.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of file system of disk, more particularly, the present invention relates to a kind of file system that is used for audio-video recording/displaying device under the embedded environment.
Background technology
Audio-video recording/displaying device under the embedded environment, as personal video record (PVR, Personal VideoRecorder) and digital video recorder (DVR, Digital Video Recorder), be large-capacity storage media (hard disk or erasable optical disk) to be combined with set-top box and the product that occurs, it both can be used for receiving and watching program also program can be kept at local storage medium with digital format, it except have with traditional analog video recorder identical functions also introduced new characteristics such as time shifting broadcasting, be very easy to the user.Time shifting broadcasting, English is TIME-SHIFTING, leaves a little while when being meant TV reception midway, with program typing hard disk, can then watch from departure time just now after returning, the content that watch this moment is equivalent to the radio station play content is moved in time, so the title time shifting broadcasting.Along with the development in technology and market, adding the digital recorder function in set-top box has become a kind of trend.
The PVR digital TV set-top box has vast market prospect as a kind of very distinctive digital TV terminal.Some international major companies have all accelerated the research of the PVR set-top box of this band high capacity storage capacity at present, and chip manufacturer and HD vendor have also strengthened the input to this series products, and have the chip and the hard disk that are exclusively used in the PVR set-top box to put into production.Abroad, mainly contain following manufacturer PVR is provided product: Tivo, the DishPVR of the Replaytv of SonicBlue company, the UltimateTV of Microsoft, EchoStar/DishNetwork.
In personal video record, need effectively manage file and the storage medium itself stored on the storage medium, thereby an efficient succinct file system is just essential.At present relevant with the file system of personal video record information is quite few, designs and Implements such file system and has just become one of main difficult point and task.
In aforesaid product, mostly use own privately owned file system.Product based on the Tivo company of Linux adopts a kind of file system that is called MFS (Media File System), MFS is a kind of log type file system of the PVR of aiming at Environment Design, and its distinguishing feature is exactly the consistance of data on the quick-recovery hard disk soon after the unexpected power down.Replaytv then adopts 64 file system, and all system datas all adopt 64 data type, can store the file up to 2 64 power sizes like this.The XFS that Echostar adopts SGI company to increase income in its up-to-date satellite television receiver DishPVR 721, it allows to write down simultaneously two-way MPEG2 stream, and plays one road MPEG2 stream from hard disk simultaneously.In general, the product of the most of manufacturers privately owned file system that all use redesigns in the PVR product is managed the data on the hard disk, and the file system that some other product uses then is by forming after the transformation to more existing disclosed file system.
Jumbo memory device (as hard disk and CD) has used a lot year under the PC environment, and main file system has FAT (File Allocation Table) file system and Unix file system but will guarantee its good operation and being not easy under embedded environments such as set-top box.Main cause is as follows:
1) under embedded environment, internal memory is less usually, and the chip processing power is not high yet in addition, when the operation task more for a long time, system resource can go short of, the resource that so just requires file system to take is few more good more.
2) with respect to internal memory and CPU, the speed of hard disk is lower, if spend the time on disk read-write oversize, will have a strong impact on the real-time of system, and then influences the performance of whole PVR.The disk read-write time, mainly flower was on seek time, and therefore the measure of should concentrating reduces this time.Reading document time oversize is because file data disperses very much on hard disk, and the time of writing is oversize to be because the free area fragment is too many.Therefore should use rational disk space allocation algorithm that file is deposited as far as possible continuously.
3) for the so special application of PVR, the data that will preserve in the large-capacity storage media are mainly digital video programs at a high speed, it on storage medium a big file, with the digital satellite television is example, usually its speed be 4Mbps (bps), if preserve the space that two hours film needs the 3.6G byte.Therefore file system should be able to effectively be managed big file.
4) user's operation has randomness, and the length of different programs and user's interest part is also indefinite simultaneously, thereby file size the unknown, and file system must support the living document size to distribute and management.
5) PVR belongs to household appliances, because the external world or user operate neglectful former thereby cause the situation of sudden power to happen occasionally, therefore file system will have enough robustnesses, can not therefore cause the system data disorder, also should make data volume drop to bottom line even will lose some data inevitably, after outage, also should be able to recover apace.
Therefore, realize under the special like this environment of set-top box it is exactly how to set up effective, an easy file system of storage on memory device that the PVR technology faces main difficult point.The storage efficiency of file system is not high will to influence real-time, and the shared internal memory of file system itself then can cause the resource anxiety too much.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to write down playback audio, video data file to storage medium itself with on storage medium and effectively manage at the efficient succinct file system of audio-video recording/displaying device design one cover under the embedded environment.
To achieve these goals, the invention provides the file system of audio-video recording/displaying device under a kind of embedded environment, be used for organization and administration to the digital audio/video file on the mass storage of audio-video recording/displaying device, on described storage medium, set up a subregion list area, be used for the partition holding table, described partition table has been described the subregion state of described storage medium; Set up at least one subregion in described storage medium:
The superblock district is used for bank bit map-area, directory area, index node district and the data field position on described storage medium;
Bit map area is used for storage bitmap, and described bitmap is a string binary digit, and each binary digit is represented the seizure condition of a piece on the described storage medium;
The directory area is used for the storage directory item, and described directory entry comprises the filename, this document of the file inlet inode number in the index node district;
The index node district, be used to store index node, index node is made up of index node head and panel table, and each index node has a numbering, the continuous blocks of the data that each file is indicated this document with at least one index node shared one or more groups in storage medium;
The data field is used to deposit the digital audio/video file data.
Described partition table is made up of the sector number of divisional type, subregion initial sector and this subregion the description of a subregion.
The directory entry of described directory area also comprises the busy sign that is used to indicate that this directory entry is idle or take.The directory entry of described directory area also comprises a file type sign, is used to distinguish the data type of the pairing file of this directory entry.
Described index node head comprises that one is used to indicate this index node free time or the busy sign that takies.The index node in described index node district also comprises the next inode number of a chained list; During the chained list indication this document that forms with a plurality of index nodes when file taking on storage medium, described next inode number is used in reference to the next index node in this chained list.Panel table in the index node in described index node district comprises the description at least one panel, and described description at least one panel is made up of the piece sum that starting block logic reference position, panel starting block and panel hereof in panel comprises.
Advantage of the present invention:
1) represents that with individual bit the operating position of a piece saves the space very much, with the 60G hard disk is example, when block size is decided to be 512k, the size of required bitmap is 60G/512K/8=15K, Da Xiao bitmap can be placed in the internal memory fully like this, thus the searching and distribute and can in internal memory, carry out of free block.
2) because PVR is mainly used to preserve the digital audio/video program, so a file will take a lot of pieces.As being example with the 4Mbps stream rate, the program in a second is exactly the 512K byte.Consider when never recording any program, behind the program of typing some, the user begins to delete program, a very big free space will appear in the former purpose place of being abridged this moment, during the new program of typing, will distribute from the very long continuous space of this section, again because the user is mainly used to record big file, can be assigned to a lot of continuous big block spaces for a long period of time, therefore in Inode, adopt the panel to represent that the physical store situation of file is proper.Adopt the structure in panel also can reduce the size of index node (Inode) simultaneously.
3) use index node (Inode) to represent that the method for file attribute is very succinct, also be convenient to operation.Inode of the present invention is designed to the physical store information that not only include file attribute information also comprises file.
4) the presents system high efficiency is succinct, and the CPU arithmetic capability that is consumed, internal memory and hard disk I/O access resources are few, and hard disk video recording device such as PVR use under the suitable embedded environment.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the synoptic diagram of file system of the present invention at the subregion of storage medium;
Fig. 2 is the composition synoptic diagram of file system of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment the present invention is described in further detail.Though to be that example illustrates file system of the present invention as the PVR of storage medium, should be appreciated that the present invention is applicable to that also other are as the audio-video recording/displaying device under other embedded environments of large-capacity storage media such as CD in the following description with hard disk.
As shown in Figure 1, can be a plurality of subregions with the hard disk partition among the PVR.As prior art, provide a partition table to describe its partition information on hard disk, this partition table has been represented the logical partition structure of hard disk, indicates beginning sector number and size that physical hard disk is divided into several Logical Disk and each Logical Disk.Partition table is kept in the boot sector (Boot Sector) of hard disk, normally first sector of hard disk.But in Embedded PVR, program is kept among the ROM, so the dispensing with bootstrap program.After not having boot, boot sector can be used for depositing partition table all over, if keep with PC on compatibility, then partition table can be deposited since the 467th byte, so just can only preserve four partition informations.Four subregions are used enough for PVR.
In Fig. 1, file system 10 of the present invention is arranged in a subregion of hard disk.But those skilled in the art will appreciate that file system 10 of the present invention can be distributed on a plurality of subregions of hard disk.
In conjunction with Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, file system 10 of the present invention comprises system region and data field 15, and system region comprises superblock district 11, bit map area 12, directory area 13 and index node district 14.
The attribute information of file is kept in directory area 13 and the index node district 14.The information such as filename of file have been preserved in directory area 13, and index node district 14 has preserved the shared information such as hard drive space distribution of the data of file.
Table 1
| Name of the information | (byte) takes up room | Function |
| Busy sign | ????1 | Be used to indicate that this directory entry is idle or take |
| The filename physical length | ????1 | The length that is used for the logo file title |
| Filename | ????48 | The title that is used for file |
| File identification | ????4 | Be used for the logo file numbering |
| The file data type | ????4 | Be used to distinguish the data type of file, for example the audio or video type |
| The inlet inode number | ????4 | Be used to indicate inlet index node (Inode) numbering of this document correspondence |
| Byte of padding | ????2 | Being used for fixing the catalogue item size is 64 bytes |
Byte of padding in the directory entry is for the ease of the directory entry size is controlled to be 64 bytes, and 8 file directory items take 512 bytes, is convenient to and hard disk sector size 512 byte-aligned.Directory entry shown in the table 1 can be realized by defining a data structure.
Wherein, " the inlet inode number " in the directory entry is associated with the index node in the index node district 14, and this point will be seen clearlyer in the description to index node district 14 below.
The data of a file leave in the physical block of some discontinuous hard disks usually on the hard disk, in the present invention, and the hard drive space distributed intelligence that the data of index of reference node area 14 log files are shared.Index node district 14 includes some index nodes (Inode), and each Inode takies one or more sectors.
Each Inode comprises two parts, and a part is the Inode head of fixed size, and another part is the panel table.In one embodiment, the structure of Inode head is as shown in table 2.
Table 2
| Name of the information | (Byte) takes up room | Function |
| Busy sign | 1 | Be used to indicate that this Inode is idle or take |
| Type | 1 | Be used to indicate that this Inode is used for file or sub-directory |
| The Inode numbering | 4 | Be used to indicate this Inode numbering |
| The document creation time | 8 | Be used to indicate the creation-time of this Inode institute respective file |
| The last access time of file | 8 | Be used to indicate the last access time of this Inode institute respective file |
| File size | 4 | Be provided with when having write closing of a file, be used to when reading in file judge the end of file is in which byte. |
| Next Inode number of chained list | 4 | Being used to indicate the next Inode numbering of chained list, is 0 expression index node chain end of list (EOL) in this example. |
| File is write and is opened sign | 1 | Put 1 and show that this node index chained list corresponding file just is being written into data, the file write operation finishes and is made as 0 after closing. |
| The panel number | 4 | Be used to indicate the contained effective panel descriptor counts N of this Inode |
| Byte of padding | 1 | The size of fixing this Inode head is 36 bytes |
Wherein, the byte of padding in the Inode head is for the Inode head is fixed as 36 byte-sized.Inode head shown in the table 2 can be realized by defining a data structure.
After fixing the Inode head of 36 byte-sized, preserve a hard disk panel table, be used for a plurality of panels information of description document physical store.Among one embodiment, an Inode size is generally got the integral multiple of 512 bytes as 4096 bytes.Here, the panel is meant the continuous sequence of a plurality of hard disk pieces on the hard disk.Comprise description in the table of panel, can realize by defining a data structure to a plurality of panels.The structure of panel table is as shown in table 3.
Table 3
| The panel table | Panel descriptor 1 | Panel starting block logic reference position (4 byte) hereof |
| Panel starting block (4 byte) | ||
| The piece sum that the panel comprises (4 byte) | ||
| ??????????????... | ||
| Panel descriptor N | Panel starting block logic reference position (4 byte) hereof | |
| Panel starting block (4 byte) | ||
| The piece sum that the panel comprises (4 byte) | ||
| Idle panel descriptor | ||
At least one Inode in the space distribution index of reference node area 14 of each file on hard disk describes.Corresponding by " Inode numbering " among the Inode in " inlet inode number " in the directory entry of directory area 13 and index node district 14, an Inode with a file sensing index node district 14 points to hard disk piece actual on the hard disk by the table of the panel among this Inode then.When a file need be described with a plurality of Inode, be an Inode who points to index node district 14 by " inlet inode number " in the directory entry of this document correspondence equally, and point to next Inode by " chained list next Inode number " among this Inode, can form an Inode chained list successively, describe the space distribution of this document on hard disk by a plurality of Inode in the chained list.In an embodiment, each Inode accounts for i.e. 4096 bytes in 8 sectors, and each Inode can hold (4096-36)/12=338 panel descriptor, and wherein 36 bytes are Inode head size, and 12 bytes are the panel descriptor size.
Superblock 11 has write down: the piece number of the reference position of the size of the size of the sector sum that the sector-size of file system place subregion, this subregion comprise, the size of hard disk piece, bit map area size, index node, the size in index node district, directory area, maximum number of files of permission, data field, data field sector number, data field.Can find bit map area 12, directory area 13, index node district 14 and the data field position on hard disk by superblock 11.Do not preserve any information that changes along with the use of file system in the structure of above-mentioned superblock, such design is in order to reduce the number of times of writing dish and to reduce the destruction of possibility power down at any time to system data.
The realization of file system of the present invention is described below:
1. fdisk
At first to fdisk.Partition table is kept in the boot sector (Boot Sector), just first sector of hard disk.
The presents system only uses " divisional type ", " subregion initial sector " and " sector number of this subregion " to represent a subregion.Because " subregion initial sector " and this " sector number of subregion " all be 32, so can represent 2
32* 512=2KGB partition size.In the embedded system of hard disk video tape recorder one class, program is kept among the ROM, does not need Main Boot Record MBR.
2. partition format
The management data that also initialization is used to carry out file allocation and external memory free-space administration is set up in format (format).Different file system is because the different used formatted programs of structure are also different, and the information after the format all is kept in the superblock usually, and the size of superblock can be that a sector also can be a plurality of sectors.The work that the presents system formatization need be done has:
1) obtains user's parameter appointment or system default.
2) go out the relevant information of system data structure according to the calculation of parameter that obtains, this comprises, and superblock district size, bit map area size, directory area size, Inode district are big or small, the data field begins sector number.
3) with bitmap, directory area and the zero filling of Inode district.
4) above-mentioned information is charged to the superblock structure, write the fixed position of hard disk.
Bitmap also has directory area and index node district immediately following in the back of superblock in the back of bitmap.
3. load
Needed this document system loading in embedded system before using file system, main operation is that important structure information such as the superblock with this document system reads in internal memory, sets up the superblock map in internal memory.When loading the presents system, mainly carry out following several operations:
1) reads superblock, obtain position and the size information of system data on hard disk.
2) read in bitmap, and statistics space and remaining space size have been used.
3) read in the directory area, add up already present number of files.
4) read in the Inode district and statistics has taken Inode and idle Inode.
After reading in these information, the data structure that all operations relied on of whole file system has just all been set up in internal memory.
Claims (7)
1, the file system of audio-video recording/displaying device under a kind of embedded environment, be used for organization and administration to the digital audio/video file on the mass storage of audio-video recording/displaying device, on described storage medium, set up a subregion list area, be used for the partition holding table, described partition table has been described the subregion state of described storage medium; It is characterized in that, set up at least one subregion in described storage medium:
The superblock district is used for bank bit map-area, directory area, index node district and the data field position on described storage medium;
Bit map area is used for storage bitmap, and described bitmap is a string binary digit, and each binary digit is represented the seizure condition of a piece on the described storage medium;
The directory area is used for the storage directory item, and described directory entry comprises the filename, this document of the file inlet inode number in the index node district;
The index node district is used to store index node, and each index node has a numbering; Index node is made up of index node head and panel table, and described index node head comprises file attribute, the continuous blocks of the data that description document is shown in described panel shared one or more groups in storage medium;
The data field is used to deposit the digital audio/video file data.
2, file system according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described partition table is made up of the sector number of divisional type, subregion initial sector and this subregion the description of a subregion.
3, file system according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the directory entry of described directory area also comprises the busy sign that is used to indicate that this directory entry is idle or take.
4, file system according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the directory entry of described directory area also comprises a file type sign, is used to distinguish the data type of the pairing file of this directory entry.
5, file system according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described index node head comprises that one is used to indicate this index node free time or the busy sign that takies.
6, file system according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the index node in described index node district also comprises the next inode number of a chained list; During the chained list indication this document that forms with a plurality of index nodes when file taking on storage medium, described next inode number is used in reference to the next index node in this chained list.
7, file system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, panel table in the index node in described index node district comprises the description at least one panel, and described description at least one panel is made up of the piece sum that starting block logic reference position, panel starting block and panel hereof in panel comprises.
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