CN1539673A - Method for distributing power for hybrid power system of fuel cell - Google Patents
Method for distributing power for hybrid power system of fuel cell Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A powder distributing method for the fuel battery and accumulator mixed power system includes determining the respective locally optimal power distributions for fuel battery and accumulator, and optimal power regulation for whole system for optimal power distribution.
Description
Technical field
The power distribution method of fuel cell hybrid system relates to the power optimization design field of fuel cell hybrid system.
Background technology
Day by day strong along with human environmental consciousness, increasing people has thrown into sight on the fuel-cell vehicle of zero-emission in the automotive field.But because the technology of fuel cell system own, up to nearly 2 years, fuel-cell vehicle is development to some extent gradually.Because the dynamic characteristics of fuel cell is difficult to satisfy the frequent alternation in weight of fuel-cell vehicle, so need to utilize the compensating device of storage battery as system capacity in fuel-cell vehicle.In the power system that this two kinds of energy sources are formed, how reasonably to carry out power division, optimization system efficient is the development a great problem that fuel-cell vehicle faced.
In patent US 2002/0095247 A1 that announces United States Patent Office (USPO) in July, 2002, people such as Yi Ding have proposed a kind ofly to carry out the method for power division based on storage battery state-of-charge (State of Charge is called for short SOC) value fully.They are divided into several intervals with the SOC value, and according to the residing scope of current SOC value, the decision fuel cell is operated in that load is followed or charge mode, and whether the decision storage battery discharges.But in the literary composition and not mentioned concrete power allocation scheme, do not mention the handling when demand power is excessive yet.
In the patent US2002/0175657 A1 of United States Patent Office (USPO) in November, 2002 announcement, David Leboe has proposed the quasistatic method of work of fuel cell.He preestablishes a series of storage battery SOC scope, and detect current SOC value then and be among which scope, thus the output of adjustment fuel cell.When adjusting fuel cell output, he requires variable quantity enough big, with satisfy fuel cell new power points can be stable work a period of time, avoid frequent adjusting.This control policy has guaranteed the stationarity of operation of fuel cells, and the energy actv. increases the life-span of fuel cell.But he does not have to consider the situation of alternation in weight, and how power distributed when explanation did not have alternation in weight, thereby was unsuitable for the violent situation of working conditions change.
In the patent CN 1388781A that announces Patent Office of the People's Republic of China in January, 2003, rock is rugged quiet and proposed with the average load battery requirements power that acts as a fuel, and the control policy of revising according to storage battery SOC value.But his control policy can make storage battery lasting discharging and recharging between the upper limit value and lower limit value of SOC always, and is very big to the life-span influence of storage battery.In addition, when storage battery SOC reached higher limit, fuel cell was closed, and was discharged separately by storage battery, up to arriving lower limit.So in fact, reduced the ability of the horsepower output of system, the performance of vehicle under the heavy load situation will inevitably be affected.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to propose a kind of power distribution method of real-time fuel cell hybrid system.At first from storage battery and fuel cell system separately the angle of local optimum go to consider power division, subsequently from the angle of the overall situation, allow both compromise mutually, make performance the best of system's overall situation at last, thereby can improve the energy efficiency of hybrid power system.
The invention is characterized in that it at first determines the optimal power allocation that storage battery and fuel cell system are local separately, carry out the optimal power of total system then and regulate, storage battery and fuel cell system are compromised mutually, to reach the optimum allocation of power; It contains the following steps of carrying out successively in entire car controller:
1) obtain car speed by onboard sensor, according to the current driver demand torque of the position calculation of car speed and accelerator pedal, and according to driver demand torque and car speed calculating driver demand power P
d
2) obtain the SOC value of storage battery from storage battery SOC measurement mechanism;
3) according to following rule, according to storage battery SOC and driver demand power P
dDetermine storage battery local optimum horsepower output P
B1
Work as P
dGreatly, and SOC is when being high, P
B1For honest,
Work as P
dGreatly, and SOC is when being middle, P
B1For just little;
Work as P
dGreatly, and SOC is when low, P
B1Be zero;
Work as P
dIn, and SOC is when being high, P
B1For just little;
Work as P
dIn, and SOC is when being middle, P
B1Be zero;
Work as P
dIn, and SOC is when low, P
B1For negative little;
Work as P
dLittle, and SOC is when being high, P
B1Be zero;
Work as P
dLittle, and SOC is when being middle, P
B1For negative little;
Work as P
dLittle, and SOC is when low, P
B1For negative big;
4) fuel cell dynamic optimal power constraint: according to the driver demand power P
d, storage battery local optimum horsepower output P
B1, and fuel battery power allows variation delta P
eDetermine the horsepower output P of fuel cell smooth running
E1
5) overall system constraint: according to above-mentioned driver's demand power P
dAnd the maximum power P that fuel cell system and storage battery can provide under the present case
Dmax, determine that hybrid power system allows driver demand power P *
d:
6) storage battery limit power constraint: according to the driver demand power P * of system's permission
d, the horsepower output P of fuel cell smooth running
E1, and storage battery maximum allowable power P
BmaxAllow power P with minimum
BminDetermine storage battery horsepower output P
b:
7) fuel cell extreme power constraint: according to the driver demand power P * of system's permission
d, fuel cell system excess power loss P
Loss, and storage battery horsepower output P
bMaximum power P with fuel cell
Emax, determine the horsepower output P of fuel cell system
e:
8) according to storage battery horsepower output P
bWith current storage battery SOC, look into storage battery SOC-output voltage characteristic curve table, obtain the voltage U of storage battery
Cmd, and with this voltage U
CmdValue outputs to the DC/DC controller, is U with control DC/DC converter output voltage
Cmd
9) according to the horsepower output P of the fuel cell system that calculates
e, storage battery horsepower output P
bObtain system outlet gross horsepower P
e+ P
b, and this gross horsepower is converted to the electric machine controller that automobile is exported in the motor torque order, with controlling torque output gross horsepower P
e+ P
bUnder the common control of DC/DC conv and motor torque, make fuel cell output power reach P naturally
e
Prove by experiment; this method can reasonably be distributed the power of fuel cell system and storage battery, and the effect of actv. performance storage battery is effectively protected fuel cell system; and improved the energy efficiency of hybrid power system, reached its intended purposes.
Description of drawings
Figure 1 shows that the structured flowchart of fuel cell hybrid vehicle power system.
Figure 2 shows that the energy stream of fuel-cell vehicle under the hybrid power mode of operation.
Figure 3 shows that the power distribution method FB(flow block) of fuel cell hybrid system.
Figure 4 shows that the membership function of the input/output variable in the SOC control.
Figure 5 shows that the storage battery SOC-output voltage characteristic curve of storage battery under different output power.
Figure 6 shows that the full-throttle characteristics of DC/DC conv.
The specific embodiment
Accompanying drawings the specific embodiment of the present invention.
The power-driven system of fuel cell hybrid vehicle of the present invention is constructed as shown in Figure 1, and wherein energy source is made up of fuel cell system 1, storage battery 5.In the vehicle ' process, fuel cell system 1 provides vehicle required main energy, and storage battery 5 provides deficit power or absorbs surplus power as the auxiliary energy system.In addition, current sensor A1 in the accompanying drawing 1 is used for measuring fuel cell output current, and U1 is used for measuring fuel cell output voltage, and A2 is used for measuring the storage battery outgoing current, U2 is used for measuring the storage battery output voltage, and SOC measurement mechanism 10 obtains storage battery SOC according to the observed reading of A2 and U2.The effect of battery controller is the protection storage battery, makes the output voltage of storage battery can not make the output voltage of storage battery surpass its rated voltage because of the catastrophic failure of system.In addition, drive system has comprised motor 8 and control system 7, fuel cell system 1, storage battery 5 and DC/DC conv 2.
As shown in Figure 2, power distribution method proposed by the invention is to satisfy driver demand power (P as far as possible
d) prerequisite under, to fuel battery power (P
e) and storage battery power (P
b) distribute.Here it is pointed out that storage battery power (P
b) greater than 0 for the discharge, less than 0 for the charging.
The power distribution method FB(flow block) of fuel cell hybrid vehicle as shown in Figure 3.
Before power division, must utilize car speed sensor to obtain car speed, get access to the driver demand torque according to the Das Gaspedal and the speed of a motor vehicle, utilize that SOC measurement mechanism (10) obtains storage battery SOC among Fig. 1.
In step S30, utilize known algorithm, can calculate driver demand power (P according to driver demand torque and car speed
d).
In step S31, according to storage battery state-of-charge SOC and driver demand power (P
d) obtain the horsepower output (P of storage battery local optimum
B1), the method for fuzzy inference system has been adopted in concrete calculating.In fuzzy inference system, driver demand power (P
d) and storage battery SOC be fuzzy input, the horsepower output (P of storage battery local optimum
B1) be fuzzy output, concrete fuzzy rule is shown in table 1 in the accompanying drawing, and the membership function of the input/output variable of SOC control fuzzy system is as shown in Figure 4.
| Condition | Conclusion |
| (if demand power is big) and (SOC is high) | Storage battery power is honest so; |
| (if demand power is big) and (SOC be in) | Storage battery power is just little so; |
| (if demand power is big) and (SOC is low) | Storage battery power is zero so; |
| (if demand power be in) and (SOC is high) | Storage battery power is just little so; |
| (if demand power be in) and (SOC be in) | Storage battery power is zero so; |
| (if demand power be in) and (SOC is low) | Storage battery power is negative little so; |
| (if demand power is little) and (SOC is high) | Storage battery power is zero so; |
| (if demand power is little) and (SOC be in) | Storage battery power is negative little so; |
| (if demand power is little) and (SOC is low) | Storage battery power is negative big so. |
Table 1
In step S32, deduct the horsepower output (P of storage battery local optimum with driver demand power
d-P
B1) for input, the rate of change of fuel cell system horsepower output is controlled.Can calculate current fuel battery power by A1 in the accompanying drawing 1 and U1 is (P
E0).In general, fuel battery power permission variable quantity is (Δ P in the unit control cycle T
e) be to provide by fuel cell supplier, the horsepower output (P of fuel cell smooth operation so
E1) computing formula be:
In brief, the purpose of S32 is to allow variable quantity (Δ P by increasing
e) control prevent the power generation acute variation of fuel cell system, guarantee the fuel cell system smooth working.
In step S33, the overall constraint of hybrid power system under fuel cell system and the storage battery situation decision present case, the i.e. maximum power (P that can provide according to fuel cell system under the present case and storage battery
Dmax), determine the driver demand power (P that system allows
d*).At first obtain the current water temperature T e of fuel cell, and utilize the corresponding form of temperature-power of this fuel cell that supplier provides to find the cooresponding maximum fuel power of battery (P under the different water temperatures by fuel cell system temperature inside detector
Emax); Obtain Current Temperatures Tb by battery controller then, utilize the current SOC of the storage battery that records previously, the corresponding form of temperature-SOC-power of consulting this storage battery that the dealer provides obtains the maximum power (P that storage battery can provide under Current Temperatures and SOC
Bmax).The maximum power P that fuel cell system and storage battery can provide under the present case then
Dmax=P
Emax+ P
BmaxFurther obtain the driver demand power P that system allows
d*:
In step S34, deduct the horsepower output (P of fuel cell smooth operation with the driver demand power of system's permission
d*-P
E1) for input, according to the maximum power P that can provide under the storage battery present case
BmaxAllow power P with minimum
BminThe constraint of (also be utilize Current Temperatures and SOC table look-up acquisition) obtains storage battery horsepower output (P
b) computing formula:
In step S36, the driver demand power that allows with system adds fuel cell system excess power loss P
Loss(this value is provided by fuel cell supplier) deducts storage battery horsepower output (P
d*+P
Loss-P
b) as input, the maximum power (P of fuel cell
Emax) can obtain the horsepower output (P of fuel cell system
e) computing formula:
Obtaining storage battery horsepower output (P
b) and the horsepower output (P of fuel cell system
e) afterwards, power distribution strategies has just determined that next step is power will be distributed in respectively on fuel cell system and the storage battery, promptly the driver who exports permission by the control motor torque expects power (P
e+ P
b), determine storage battery horsepower output (P by control DC/DC converter output voltage
b) and the horsepower output (P of fuel cell system
e).At first according to the optimization power of storage battery and current SOC value, by consulting the output control voltage (U that storage battery SOC-output voltage characteristic curve table under the different capacity obtains the DC/DC conv
Cmd).In step S37, with storage battery SOC and storage battery horsepower output (P
b) being input, voltage (U is controlled in the output that can obtain the DC/DC conv of tabling look-up of the storage battery SOC-output voltage characteristic curve the different particular battery power shown in 5 under with reference to the accompanying drawings
Cmd).If casehistory is storage battery horsepower output (P
b) be 5kW, find out corresponding curve, then just can find DC/DC output control voltage (U according to storage battery SOC
Cmd), this voltage is outputed to the DC/DC controller, control DC/DC converter output voltage (U
Cmd), this voltage promptly is the output voltage of storage battery.
With gross output power (P
e+ P
b) be converted to the motor torque order, thus the torque control of wheel finished.Because DC/DC conv control storage battery horsepower output is P
b, then the horsepower output of fuel cell system is P at this moment
eThereby, finished power division.
In above-mentioned steps, the list data that all dealers provide can be stored in earlier in the entire car controller, directly searches extraction when utilization.
In addition, in order to prevent that fuel cell output power from surpassing its present case extreme power (P that goes to the bottom
Emax), the total external characteristics of the DC/DC conv among the present invention also can be designed to as shown in Figure 6.Among the figure, P
EmaxBe the maximum power that can export under the fuel cell current state, it is along with the fuel cell state constantly changes.Therefore, DC/DC converter controller (being 4 among Fig. 1) should possess following function:
1) can accept magnitude of voltage order U
Cmd, and the output voltage values of control DC/DC conv is constant in this setting value.
2) control policy of DC/DC converter controller also comprises:
A) power that inputs to it when fuel cell is less than P
EmaxThe time, the output voltage of control DC/DC conv is to given magnitude of voltage U
Cmd
B) power that inputs to the DC/DC conv when fuel cell near or equal P
EmaxThe time, this explanation fuel cell system is near the limit of its maximum output power, and the DC/DC converter controller will initiatively reduce the output voltage of DC/DC conv, make the horsepower output of fuel cell be stabilized in P
EmaxNear.
3) state of fuel cell determines the permission horsepower output P of current maximum
Emax, the protection fuel cell system is to avoid the fuel cell overload.In addition, the output voltage range of restriction DC/DC conv is put to avoid accumulator super-charge and to cross.
Technology of the present invention not only is applicable to the power division control of fuel cell hybrid vehicle, under the condition of the principle that does not break away from principal character of the present invention, other is revised can to make some, and the present invention also is applicable to the power division control of the motor vehicle driven by mixed power of other kind.Such as, the S32 module among Fig. 3 changed into the dynamic constrained of explosive motor after, cardinal principle of the present invention also can be used in the power division control of the hybrid electric vehicle be made up of combustion engine and storage battery.
Claims (1)
1, the power distribution method of fuel cell hybrid system, it is characterized in that, it at first determines the optimal power allocation that storage battery and fuel cell system are local separately, carrying out the optimal power of total system then regulates, storage battery and fuel cell system are compromised mutually, to reach the optimum allocation of power; It contains the following steps of carrying out successively in entire car controller:
(1) obtain car speed by onboard sensor, according to the current driver demand torque of the position calculation of car speed and accelerator pedal, and according to driver demand torque and car speed calculating driver demand power P
d
(2) obtain the SOC value of storage battery from storage battery SOC measurement mechanism;
(3) according to following rule, according to storage battery SOC and driver demand power P
dDetermine storage battery local optimum horsepower output P
B1:
Work as P
dGreatly, and SOC is when being high, P
B1For honest,
Work as P
dGreatly, and SOC is when being middle, P
B1For just little;
Work as P
dGreatly, and SOC is when low, P
B1Be zero;
Work as P
dIn, and SOC is when being high, P
B1For just little;
Work as P
dIn, and SOC is when being middle, P
B1Be zero;
Work as P
dIn, and SOC is when low, P
B1For negative little;
Work as P
dLittle, and SOC is when being high, P
B1Be zero;
Work as P
dLittle, and SOC is when being middle, P
B1For negative little;
Work as P
dLittle, and SOC is when low, P
B1For negative big;
(4) fuel cell dynamic optimal power constraint: according to the driver demand power P
d, storage battery local optimum horsepower output P
B1, and fuel battery power allows variation delta P
eDetermine the horsepower output P of fuel cell smooth running
E1:
(5) overall system constraint: according to above-mentioned driver's demand power P
dAnd the maximum power P that fuel cell system and storage battery can provide under the present case
Dmax, determine that hybrid power system allows driver demand power P *
d:
(6) storage battery limit power constraint: according to the driver demand power P * of system's permission
d, the horsepower output P of fuel cell smooth running
E1, and storage battery maximum allowable power P
BmaxAllow power P with minimum
BminDetermine storage battery horsepower output P
b:
(7) fuel cell extreme power constraint: according to the driver demand power P * of system's permission
d, fuel cell system excess power loss P
Loss, and storage battery horsepower output P
bMaximum power P with fuel cell
Emax, determine the horsepower output P of fuel cell system
e:
(8) according to storage battery horsepower output P
bWith current storage battery SOC, look into storage battery SOC-output voltage characteristic curve table, obtain the voltage U of storage battery
Cmd, and with this voltage U
CmdValue outputs to the DC/DC controller, is U with control DC/DC converter output voltage
Cmd
(9) according to the horsepower output P of the fuel cell system that calculates
e, storage battery horsepower output P
bObtain system outlet gross horsepower P
e+ P
b, and this gross horsepower is converted to the electric machine controller that automobile is exported in the motor torque order, with controlling torque output gross horsepower P
e+ P
bUnder the common control of DC/DC conv and motor torque, make fuel cell output power reach P naturally
e
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|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2003101032533A CN1263629C (en) | 2003-11-04 | 2003-11-04 | Method for distributing power for hybrid power system of fuel cell |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2003101032533A CN1263629C (en) | 2003-11-04 | 2003-11-04 | Method for distributing power for hybrid power system of fuel cell |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1539673A true CN1539673A (en) | 2004-10-27 |
| CN1263629C CN1263629C (en) | 2006-07-12 |
Family
ID=34333258
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2003
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