CN1575234A - Characterization, detection of a reference number, and selection of suitable winding materials for rollers of a printing press - Google Patents

Abstract

Disclosed are a method for characterizing a layer (06), a method and a device for detecting a reference number, and a method for selecting a suitable layer to be applied to rollers (01, 02, 11, 12 16) or for selecting suitable roller geometries of a printing press, according to which a reference number characterizing the layer is formed or used. Said reference number characterizes the unwinding behavior independently of a measuring device or an application in a special printing unit.

Description

To the explanation of the characteristic of the suitable cylinder-packing of printer roller, obtain and select

The present invention relates to according to claim 1,4,6,8,24 or 26 as described in the preamble a kind of the method for the characteristic of the suitable cylinder-packing on the printer roller, a kind of method and apparatus that is used to obtain characteristic value are described, and the method that is used for the method that the corresponding cylinder-packing on the roller of printing machine is selected and is used for the corresponding geometry of the roller of printing machine is selected.

In printing machine, particularly in web press, printing ink is between one or more rollers of the inking device and between the inking device and printing equipment cylinder, between the printing equipment cylinder, transmit in case of necessity and pass through compressing of impression cylinder of printing equipment cylinder (below roller and cylinder all be known as roller) and be covered on tape, for example on the paper tape.Realize in this way two adjacent, between the common on tape in case of necessity roller that cooperates, preferably respectively in transmission with printing ink between " hard " and " soft " surperficial roller.

Because the transmission of printing ink needs certain surface pressing, in the scope on surface, can produce distortion so have the roller of soft surface at least.For example when rolling on the roller that is cooperating, the distortion of the soft surface of realizing as elasticity cover layer (cylinder-packing, rubber cloth, operplate printing cloth, sleeve, coating) impels the variation of the effective diameter of the described roller of generation respectively according to material behavior and the amount of the being pressed into different thickness decisions of distance between roller and paper tape (for example by), promptly this point causes the variation of surface pressing and expansion.In adopting machinery or the synchronously driven roller of electronics, this names a person for a particular job and causes different superficial velocities and impressing skidding on the point thereupon according to the material that is adopted and the amount of being pressed into.

What occur in this way skids because friction will cause tangential component and decrease printing quality (mobile, mackle ghost image), disturbs the kinetic energy transmission, shortens the life-span of forme or cylinder-packing.

Disclosed a kind of rubber cloth in DE4315456A1, described rubber cloth has an incompressible layer and a compressible elastic layer, and wherein compressible elastic layer will increase the tolerance limit in the printing process.Adopt best coat structure will be implemented in certain feed range of the cylinder that cooperatively interacts and surface-length variations can occur hardly, promptly the anglec of rotation difference of two mutual rolling cylinders in these scopes be pressed into irrelevant.It is poor to obtain the anglec of rotation according to an experimental model at different cylinder-packings and different feeding, and second tin roller one of them driven first cylinder and any servo-actuated and that have cylinder-packing is laminated.

In the article that is entitled as " effect of printing cylinder-packing under the rolling condition at printing cylinder " that the applicant is delivering in 2001, the 211 pages of graphic arts technological associations (TAGA) procceedings, disclosed the characteristic value of the cylinder characteristic that is used to illustrate the elasticity cylinder-packing.This point can make the designer calculate gearratio between transfer platen and the plate cylinder.A kind of device that is used to measure rolling characteristic has a roller and the roller by friction-driven from external drive, by the Photoelectric angular decoder angular speed of described roller is measured.

The objective of the invention is to propose a kind ofly be used for the method for characterisation, a kind of method and apparatus that is used to obtain characteristic value, and the method that is used for the method that the corresponding cylinder-packing on the roller of printing machine is selected or is used for the corresponding geometry of the roller of printing machine is selected.

According to the present invention, above-mentioned purpose is achieved by claim 1,4,6,8,24 or 26 feature.

The advantage that the present invention realizes especially is, can realize with regard to the conveying characteristic of cylinder-packing or rolling characteristic irrelevant and have nothing to do with the geometry of printing element to the geometry of the quantitative description of cylinder-packing and the characteristic that is produced and measurement mechanism.Play the characteristic value that characteristic to cylinder-packing describes effect and calibrate and alternately be applicable to measurement mechanism or printing element according to special geometric form.To described statement no longer is pure (for example forward is carried, oppositely carried) qualitatively, but can carry out quantitative assessment.

Employing utilize characteristic value to the method for the explanation of the characteristic of cylinder-packing set up between the designer of cylinder-packing manufacturing firm and printing machine a kind of clearly the definition language, the customization of printing machine can be realized on the one hand in described language under the situation of required predetermined cylinder-packing design can realize the selection targetedly to cylinder-packing on the other hand under the situation of the predetermined configuration of printing machine.Just can clarify the two problem in the preproduction phase, thus can save on printing machine, carry out expensive to special configurations and test procedure that every type cylinder-packing is carried out.

Preferably cylinder-packing is selected, made cylinder-packing when being pressed into, only carry out limited extension, just in time compensate with the spacing point of rotation that dwindle owing to it has incompressible component at given cylinder pair.Utilizing method of the present invention can obtain this generic request also can select corresponding cylinder-packing.

Otherwise, under a kind of situation of given cylinder-packing of special use, preferably the geometry of printing equipment is selected, make at least in the variable scope that is pressed into, rolling characteristic be pressed into irrelevant or only trace ground be pressed into relevant.

For example utilize a measurement mechanism to obtain the measured value that forms characteristic value necessity with two rollers.According to a useful embodiment, for adjusting the distance or the variation (being pressed into) of distance is gathered, measurement mechanism has one and transmits and adjust the lever that moves.But also can realize higher transmission by an eccentric wheel that cylinder is moved, wherein lever is rigidly connected with the bearer ring that is rotated.

The characteristic value that draws at a kind of cylinder-packing is applicable to the configuration of various printing equipments and irrelevant with the geometry of the measurement mechanism that is adopted.Only must be defined and should be known the algebraically algebraic expression between geometry and the characteristic value.

Preferably also can be configured design to the printing equipment of the best at rolling characteristic.For example when transfer platen cooperates with the impression cylinder with essentially identical circumference, it is 0.980 to 0.995 cylinder-packing that the transfer platen that it is 0.989 to 0.999 cylinder-packing, single circumference that the transfer platen of two circumference has a characteristic value α has a characteristic value α.The characteristic value α that provides should be remained at least in of being pressed into relatively and the actual relevant scope.

The described enforcement of printing equipment is particularly useful for the situation of be independent of each other driven transfer platen and impression cylinder.Therefore reduce motor load and reduced design of electrical motor and the adjusting cost.

To be described further shown embodiments of the invention in the accompanying drawings below.Shown in the figure:

Fig. 1 illustrates the stroke that compressible rubber cloth passes the roller gap;

Fig. 2 illustrates the stroke that incompressible rubber cloth passes the roller gap;

Fig. 3 is illustrated in and is pressed into the gearratio of measuring when changing;

Fig. 4 illustrates the qualitative statement of gearratio;

Fig. 5 illustrates the embodiment of printing element;

Fig. 6 illustrates the embodiment of printing element;

Fig. 7 illustrates the embodiment of printing element;

Fig. 8 illustrates the embodiment of printing element;

Fig. 9 illustrate measurement mechanism embodiment and

Figure 10 is the detailed side view of Fig. 9.

Working machine, for example printing machine has the roller 01,02 of mutual rolling, and described roller forms a roller gap 03 in its contact range.Described roller can be the inking device, the roller of the device of varnishing 01,02, or the cylinder 01,02 of printing equipment.At the embodiment intermediate roll shown in Fig. 1 and 2 the 01, the 02nd, the offset printing device have an effective diameter D _WPZPlate cylinder 01 and a transfer platen 02.One of them cylinder 01,02, for example transfer platen 02 is D at incompressible to a great extent stiff its diameter _WGZKThe shell face of cylinder core 04 on have the soft elastic layer 06 that a thickness is t.Cylinder core 04 and the described layer 06 common effective diameter D that constitutes transfer platen 02 _WGZ Effective diameter D _WPZ01 pair of plate cylinder is played a decisive role to the effective shell face that rolls and comprises not shown forme on the base case face that is laid in case of necessity.Cylinder 01 with hard surface also can be the impression cylinder 01 that cooperates with transfer platen 02.

According to the traverse feed of two cylinders 01,02, promptly according to its wheelbase, in the soft layer 06 of the incompressible to a great extent stiff shell face of plate cylinder 01 " immersion " and cause the S that is pressed into corresponding to the characteristic of being interfered of layer 06.This is pressed into and occurs the problems referred to above when S causes two cylinders 01,02 to launch according to the material behavior (compressible and/or flexible characteristic) of layer 06 respectively.

The objective of the invention is to propose the method that the irrelevant rolling characteristic to this layer 06 of a kind of and special application or measurement mechanism is described, select a kind of corresponding layer 06 according to described description, or the size of pair roller 01,02 designs.The situation of desirable compressible layer 06 (for example cork etc.) and desirable incompressible layer 06 (solid rubber) can be set at the limiting case of deployment characteristics.Layer 06 as the reality of material blends heterogeneous for example is made of fabric, air cushion layer, plastics and rubber panel, has promptly both comprised compressible and incompressible component, and described layer is positioned at the scope of above-mentioned limiting case.

The solution of the present invention be to measure or determine that measure or required characteristic and two theoretical limit characteristics of obtaining-pure compressible, pure incompressible-relative position.

List example below to the analytical calculation of desirable limit situation.Wherein layer 06 the transporting velocity in roller gap 03 studied at two limit situations.

The S that is pressed at the layer 06 at 03 place, roller gap under desirable compressible situation causes compression to layer 06.In narrow section because effective diameter D _WGZDiminish, in the lip-deep speed v of being interfered of layer 06 ₀Be reduced to speed v ₁(Fig. 1).In the line scope of two cylinder mid points, effective diameter D _WGZBe reduced the S that is pressed into of twice:

D _wGZ＝D _GZK+2*(t-S) (1)

To representing rotating ratio or gearratio I leading and/or that lag behind, according to the rotation speed n of cylinder 01,02 _GZ, n _PZOr frequency W _GZ, W _PZ

$I=\frac{n_{\mathrm{GZ}}}{n_{\mathrm{PZ}}}=\frac{{\mathrm{\ω}}_{\mathrm{GZ}}}{{\mathrm{\ω}}_{\mathrm{PZ}}}$ Wherein $\mathrm{\ω}=\frac{v}{r}=\frac{2*v}{D}----\left(\mathrm{2,3}\right)$

Under compressible situation, use the superficial velocity v of plate cylinder 01 _pDraw:

$I_{\mathrm{komp}}=\frac{2*v_1*D_{\mathrm{wPZ}}}{D_{\mathrm{wGZ}}*2*v_P}---\left(4\right)$

" actual roll ", promptly under the mutual free rolling situation of cylinder, the superficial velocity v of two cylinders 01,02 _p, v ₁Identical.To since faint the skidding that the bearing friction of the cylinder by friction-driven produces can ignore.Be shown in gearratio under the desirable compressible situation with following formula table:

$I_{\mathrm{komp}}=\frac{{\mathrm{\ω}}_{\mathrm{GZ}}}{{\mathrm{\ω}}_{\mathrm{PZ}}}=\frac{D_{\mathrm{wPZ}}}{D_{\mathrm{wGZ}}}=\frac{D_{\mathrm{wPZ}}}{D_{\mathrm{GZK}}+2*(t-S)}---\left(5\right)$

Successional equation is applicable to that described equation shows that throughput remains invariable because the situation of the incompressible media migration that causes is shunk in the cross section.Be applied to press nip 03 middle level be pressed into S the time, this means compression at the cylinder 01,02 that rolls-or the contact zone in the increase (Fig. 2) of transporting velocity.

At roller gap 03 (cross section A ₀) preceding and at narrow positions (the cross section A of press nip ₁) throughput keep invariable.

A ₀* v ₀=A ₁* v ₁(continuity) (6) are according to length L and thickness t and be pressed into thickness t-S that S dwindles and draw cross section A ₀, A ₁:

A ₀＝L*t A ₁＝L*(t-S) (7)

At inboard V to layer 06 _GiWith outside V _GaSpeed between the velocity profile figure of stenosis area neutral line situation about setting under and under the situation by the superficial velocity decision boundary speed of cylinder 01,02, draw average speed by integration to transporting velocity.Therefore it is as follows to list continuity equation (6):

$t*\left(\frac{v_{\mathrm{Gi}}+v_{\mathrm{Ga}}}{2}\right)=(t-S)*\left(\frac{v_{\mathrm{Gi}}+v_P}{2}\right)$

Utilize the relational expression of circular frequency ω and a plurality of distortion to draw rotating speed as incompressible limiting case-or the following relational expression of gearratio:

$I_{\mathrm{inkomp}}=\frac{{\mathrm{\ω}}_{\mathrm{GZ}}}{{\mathrm{\ω}}_{\mathrm{PZ}}}=\frac{D_{\mathrm{wPZ}}*(t-S)}{D_{\mathrm{GZK}}*(t+S)+{2t}^2}---\left(8\right)$

Gearratio at several measurements shown in Figure 3.Under the situation of every kind of layer 06, promptly to various rubber cloth 06, substitution is at four kinds of different rotating ratio n that are pressed into S respectively _GZ/ n _PZCalculate gearratio I thus.

Connection to measurement point draws approximate straight line, described straight line from all paint equally into the intersection point of limiting case begin.Under the different situation of the thickness t of the rubber cloth 06 that adopts, will cause the skew shown in the figure corresponding to intersection point.

Fig. 4 schematically illustrates rotating speed and the gearratio under desirable compressible, desirable incompressible and actual situation.

For to layer 06, for example the characteristic of rubber cloth is illustrated, and at first measures at least one measurement point (being pressed into S) at a corresponding measurement mechanism (referring to following), obtains actual gearratio I _RealThe geometry of measurement mechanism is known, thereby has existed under the situation of thickness t or constitute theoretical gearratio at desirable compressible and desirable incompressible situation understanding.At this moment for example when measuring, on the basis of the gearratio I of actual appearance and the ratio of desirable limiting case, at least respectively the same S of being pressed into is obtained characteristic value α with corresponding measurement mechanism.Based on ideal in section at least and linear relation, the characteristic value α that adopts this mode to determine is pressed into S or at the constant of observed at least section, described constant will be illustrated objectively to the rolling characteristic (extending or compression) of layer 06 at all.

For example obtain characteristic value with following formula:

$\mathrm{\α}=\frac{A}{B}=\frac{I_{\mathrm{real}}-I_{\mathrm{inkomp}}}{I_{\mathrm{komp}}-I_{\mathrm{inkomp}}}$

Wherein to the same S that is pressed into, A represents poor between actual and theoretical incompressible gearratio, poor between compressible and theoretical incompressible gearratio of B representation theory.In definition according to the characteristic value α of formula (9), α=0th, at the situation of the layer 06 of the reality of desirable incompressible characteristic, and α=1st, at the actual layer 06 of desirable compressible characteristic.

Also can adopt the algebraic expression of another kind of mode to draw characteristic value α, described algebraic expression is illustrated with the relativeness of the gearratio I of the limit of obtaining in theory the gearratio I of the reality measured.Therefore can select other standard, for example expansion by multiplier logarithm value scope or the displacement by added/subtracted.And also can adopt the poor of merchant on the contrary, and molecule and denominator are changed.But importantly the algebraic expression (9) based on characteristic value α is known, so that obtain the corresponding configuration of cylinder 01,02 according to the rubber cloth 06 with individual features, or obtains corresponding rubber cloth 06 according to the configuration of cylinder 01,02.

Substitute that rotating ratio I also can derive the ratio etc. of leading or hysteresis, angular speed under the situation to the adaptive adjustment of formula and to parameter leading or that lag behind and be described.

Adopting one to be used to obtain that the geometry according to measurement mechanism that the characteristic to layer 06 is illustrated proofreaies and correct, at least in section during the method for invariable characteristic value α, according to being pressed into S (for example according to the gearratio I that produces _Real) at first measure drive characteristic, with the position of determining corresponding to relative this measurement point (or a plurality of measurement point) of the limit point of accordingly measurement mechanism being obtained in theory.The gearratio I that measures He obtain in theory _Real, I _Komp, I _InkompAt least phase cross-correlation in section for this reason is especially according to algebraic expression (9) mutually in the substitution relational expression.The simplest method is to obtain characteristic value α according to a unique measured value that is pressed into S at.

Otherwise, that also can utilize characteristic value α that known for example producer measures and (diameter D algebraic expression that is cooperated and known cylinder geometry to a kind of rubber cloth 06 _GZK, D _WPZ), precompute cylinder 01,02 expection gearratio I or certain is pressed into the skidding of expection of S.According to relational expression (9), following formula is suitable for:

I _Real=α * (I _Komp-I _Inkomp)+I _Inkomp(10) thus characteristic value α under the specific situation that is pressed into S, realize effective diameter D to transfer platen 02 _WGZVariation quantification and therefore under the situation of the angle synchronous operation of cylinder 01,02, also can calculate skidding of occurring.

When adopting the method for designed roller 01,02, for example for fear of when driving, skidding or unnecessary power, according at thickness being characteristic value α invariable in the known section at least of predetermined layer 06 of t and with specification (the diameter D that is scheduled to of a cylinder 01,02 _GZK, D _WPZ) obtain the diameter D of another cylinder 02,01 _WPZD _GZKSo for example at a kind of rubber cloth 06 with known features value α, required change curve (vertical height in the curve map and inclination) according to gearratio I be pressed into relation between the S, and adopt for example known diameter D of plate cylinder 01 _WPZObtain the diameter D of necessity of the roller core 03 of transfer platen _GZKOr overall diameter D _WGZK+ 2t.

Adopt the expansion or the deformation characteristic (stretching or compression) of the layer 06 (roll surface of rubber cloth 06, sleeve, operplate printing cloth, coating/cylinder-packing/inking device) that this mode will describe with characteristic value α to introduce at desirable expansion to diameter D _GZK, D _WGZ, D _WPZSelection.Utilization at the characteristic value α of given rubber cloth 06 to diameter D _GZK, D _WGZ, D _WPZDesign should realize best expansion.According to further design, also can be to diameter D _GZK, D _WGZ, D _WPZOptimization, thus reduce to greatest extent and the best deviation of launching at various rubber cloth 06.Can before printing, can obtain when in an existing printing equipment, adopting various rubber cloth 06 or adopting a kind of special rubber cloth 06 and be used for and diameter D _GZKThe quantity or the thickness of the adaptive end liner between shell face and rubber cloth 06 also takes in this when debuging.

Otherwise, can adopt a kind of method according to predetermined printing equipment geometry (diameter D _GZK, D _WPZ) select corresponding layer 06, for example a kind of rubber cloth 06, wherein at first obtain algebraically limiting case at conveying characteristic according to being pressed into S, determine the required variation (gradient in the curve map, vertical height) of the conveying characteristic in section at least of actual layer 06 then, with the layer of following at necessity 06, for example rubber cloth 06 is obtained the characteristic value α that proofreaies and correct according to special geometric form, wherein at least at the variation definite required variation of a value that is pressed into S or that value and algebraically are obtained or the relative position of value.

When obtaining characteristic value, can select a kind of rubber cloth with corresponding characteristic value α according to the same generation numerical expression that relative position is described.After adopting different algebraic expressions to measure and determining the characteristic value α of rubber cloth 06 and obtain required characteristic value α according to the geometry of cylinder 01,02, then under the situation of known algebraic expression with the mutual substitution of described numerical value.

Along with the variation of the geometry of cylinder, the gearratio I that obtains in theory _Komp, I _InkompStraight line be moved by " gradient " with the intersection point of I-axle, thereby (for example rubber cloth 06) actual transmission compares I under the fixing situation of characteristic value α _RealThe absolute position of straight line be changed, but relative position remains unchanged.

Along with the variation (selection has the rubber cloth 06 of other characteristic) of characteristic value α, but the cylinder shape of printing equipment remains unchanged the gearratio I that obtains in theory _Komp, I _InkompStraight line remain unchanged but actual gearratio I _RealRelative position be tilted and obtain another gradient.

Have therefore usually and be not suitable for the geometry different, particularly be not suitable for diameter D with given shape to the cylinder-packing 06 of the adaptive characteristic value α of the geometry of specific printing equipment _GZK, D _WPZAnother proportionate relationship.

According to a kind of useful embodiment that has to a great extent with the irrelevant expansion of feeding, the geometry of cylinder-packing 06 and printing equipment is coordinated as follows, makes at least at relevant with a reality S or a relative S that is pressed into of being pressed into ^*The gearratio I that scope is inherent shown in Figure 4 _RealAnd to be pressed into the gradient between the S be zero substantially, i.e. d _Ireal/ dS ≈ 0.This with S/t to being pressed into S relatively ^*Defined, it is relevant with the thickness t of the original layer 06 that is not pressed into promptly to be pressed into S.Be pressed into S relatively ^*Corresponding scope according to common observation for example between 6% to 10%, particularly between 6.5% to 9%.But preferably distinguished with regard to " type " of scope reply pressing point.To the pressing point between transfer platen 02,11 and plate cylinder 01,12, for example between 6% to 7%, to the pressing point between transfer platen 02,11 and the satellite cylinder 16, this scope is between 9% to 10% simultaneously for the scope relevant with reality.According to numerical value, the gradient d in this scope _Ireal/ dS is less than or equal to 0.01l/mm, particularly is less than or equal to 0.005l/mm.Cylinder-packing to useful kind, the thickness t that takes in for example 1.6 to 2.5mm, to the cylinder-packing of second kind of useful less gradient with less elasticity or surface pressing and/or elastic curve (surface pressing/be pressed into), thickness is for example between 3.5 to 5mm simultaneously.

For for simplicity, printing equipment among Fig. 5 to 8 or printing element are illustrated with linearity, promptly the rotating shaft of the cylinder of Can Yuing is in the drawings all in one plane.But the cylinder of printing equipment equally also can be in the angle setting, so following embodiment both had been applicable to the linearity of cylinder or cylinder group, also is applicable to angled setting.

Printing element 07 in configuration useful shown in Fig. 5 and 6 as mackle brush device 07.First cylinder passes through printable fabric 08 to 01,02 the transfer platen that cooperates with plate cylinder 01 02, and for example paper tape 08 cooperates with a same impression cylinder 11 as transfer platen 11, also has a plate cylinder 12 to cooperate with described transfer platen 11 equally.All four cylinders 01,02,11,12 utilize different drive motors 13 mechanically to be driven (Fig. 5) independently of each other.In a kind of flexible program, plate cylinder and transfer platen 01,02,11,12 be coupling in couples respectively, and the drive motors 13 that is driven in pairs (on the plate cylinder 01,12, on transfer platen 02,11 or side by side) drives (Fig. 6).

According to first embodiment, plate cylinder 01,12 and transfer platen the 02, the 11st, the cylinder 01,02,11,12 of two circumference promptly has the seal page or leaf, the particularly circumference of two newspaper pages or leaves of basic two vertical setting of types.The effective diameter D that described cylinder has _WGZ, D _WPZBetween 260 to 400mm, particularly between 280 to 350mm.Transfer platen 02,11 has at least one its characteristic value α respectively on the shell face of roller core 04 be 0.989 to 1.000, for example 0.989 to 0.999, particularly 0.993 to 0.997.Needn't carry out the driving that the moment transmission can guarantee nonslipping to a great extent rolling or cylinder 01,02,11,12 by this being configured in to a great extent.The best rotating ratio I of Xuan Zeing _RealShould make it be pressed into S or be pressed into S relatively ^*At least corresponding cylinder right be pressed into S relatively ^*Above-mentioned scope in be 0.002 corresponding to the maximum deviation of 1.000/n, particularly 0.001.The ratio of the quantity that is illustrated in the seal page or leaf on transfer platen 02,11 circumferential at this situation variations per hour n and the quantity of onesize seal page or leaf on plate cylinder 01,12 circumferential.Because two cylinders 01,02,11,12 all are two circumference in the present embodiment, thus n=1 and be 0.002 corresponding to the maximum of 1.000 deviation, particularly 0.001.

According to second embodiment, plate cylinder 01,12 and transfer platen the 02, the 11st, the cylinder 01,02,11,12 of single circumference promptly has the seal page or leaf, the particularly circumference of a newspaper page or leaf of a vertical setting of types substantially.The effective diameter D that described cylinder has _WGZ, D _WPZBetween 150 to 190mm. Transfer platen 02,11 has at least one respectively on the shell face of roller core 04 be 0.980 to 1.000, for example 0.980 to 0.995, and 0.983 to 0.993 characteristic value α particularly.The preferably same rotating ratio I that selects _RealShould make it be pressed into S or be pressed into S relatively ^*At least corresponding cylinder right be pressed into S relatively ^*Described scope in be 0.002 corresponding to the maximum deviation of 1.000/n, particularly 0.001, be 0.002 promptly corresponding to 1.000 deviation, particularly 0.001.

In unshowned in the drawings the 3rd embodiment, plate cylinder the 01, the 12nd, its effective diameter D _WPZThe cylinder 01,12 of single circumference and transfer platen the 02, the 11st 150 to 190mm, its effective diameter D _WGZ260 to 400mm, particularly at the cylinder 02,11 of two circumference of 280 to 350mm. Transfer platen 02,11 has at least one its characteristic value α respectively on the shell face of roller core 04 be 0.987 to 1.000, particularly 0.997 to 1.000.Equally preferably to rotating ratio I _RealSelection should make it be pressed into S or be pressed into S relatively ^*At least corresponding cylinder right be pressed into S relatively ^*Above-mentioned scope in be 0.002 corresponding to the maximum deviation of 1.000/n, particularly 0.001, at this n=2, promptly 0.002, be 0.001 particularly corresponding to 0.500.

At a kind of printing element 14 shown in Fig. 7 and 8, described printing element is a bigger printing element, for example part of the printing element of five roll printing unit, nine roll printing unit or ten cylinders, or three roll printing unit 14.Transfer platen 02 and a cylinder 16 that does not carry printing ink, impression cylinder 16 for example, particularly satellite cylinder 16 cooperates.At this moment the shell face of " soft " of transfer platen 02 cooperates with the shell face of " hard " of satellite cylinder 16 on the one hand, cooperates with the shell face of " hard " of satellite cylinder 16 on the other hand.To be the effective diameter D that plate cylinder 01 adopts in above-mentioned research _WPZ, in to the formula that cooperates between transfer platen and the satellite cylinder 16 with the diameter D of satellite cylinder 16 _WSZReplaced.In having the embodiment (Fig. 7) of separate at least driven transfer platen 02 and satellite cylinder 16, one or more satellite cylinders 16 have oneself a drive motors 13, simultaneously the cylinder that is made of plate cylinder and transfer platen 01,02 is to mechanical couplings, driven by a common drive motors 13 (Fig. 7), or mechanically be driven (Fig. 8) independently of each other by oneself a drive motors 13 respectively.

Plate cylinder 01, transfer platen 02 and satellite cylinder 16 are its effective diameter D in first embodiment shown in Figure 6 _WGZ, D _WPZ, D _WSZ260 to 400mm, two circumference cylinders 01,02,16 between 280 to 350mm particularly.Transfer platen 02,11 has at least one on the shell face of roller core 04 be 0.990 to 0.999, the cylinder-packing 06 of the characteristic value α in particular for 0.993 to 0.997.This configuration has guaranteed cylinder 01,02,16 nonslipping to a great extent rolling or drivings, needn't carry out the moment transmission to a great extent.

Plate cylinder 01, transfer platen 02 and satellite cylinder 16 plate cylinder 01, transfer platen 02 and satellite cylinder 16 in second embodiment shown in Fig. 7 or 8 are single circumference, the cylinder 01,02,16 of the printed leaves that promptly has a vertical setting of types substantially, the particularly circumference of a newspaper page or leaf.The effective diameter D of described cylinder _WGZ, D _WPZ, D _WSZ120 to 180mm, particularly between 130 to 170mm.Transfer platen 02,11 has at least one characteristic value α on the shell face of roller core 04 be 0.980 to 0.995, the cylinder-packing 06 in particular for 0.993 to 0.993.

In unshowned the 3rd embodiment, plate cylinder 01 is its effective diameter D in Fig. 7 or 8 _WPZ120 to 180mm, particularly single circumference cylinder 01 between 130 to 170mm and transfer platen 02 and satellite cylinder 16 are its effective diameter D _WGZ, D _WSZ260 to 350mm, two circumference cylinders 02,16 between 280 to 320mm particularly.Transfer platen 02,11 has at least one its characteristic value α on the shell face of roller core 04 be 0.985 to 0.995, the cylinder-packing 06 in particular for 0.990 to 0.995.

In unshowned the 4th embodiment, plate cylinder 01 and transfer platen 02 are its effective diameter D in Fig. 7 or 8 _WPZ, D _WGZ120 to 180mm, particularly single circumference cylinder 01,02 between 130 to 170mm and satellite cylinder 16 are its effective diameter D _WSZ, 260 to 350mm, two circumference cylinders 02,16 between 280 to 320mm particularly.Transfer platen 02,11 has at least one its characteristic value α on the shell face of roller core 04 be 0.985 to 0.995, the cylinder-packing 06 in particular for 0.990 to 0.995.In the size of plate cylinder and satellite cylinder 01,16 not simultaneously, then can not be only respectively according to finding in the requirements of two impression points to desirable compromise of situation.

As mentioned above, by on a related device to the measurement of cylinder-packing 06 with then obtain the characteristic value α of cylinder-packing 06 according to the processing of algorithm.Be the vertical view of embodiment of measurement mechanism and Figure 10 side-looking enlarged drawing for the embodiment of measurement mechanism at Fig. 9, described measurement mechanism is specially adapted to obtain characteristic value α.

Measurement mechanism has at least two cylinders 17,18 or roller 17,18, and described cylinder or roller are hubbed on the frame 19, particularly are hubbed on the both sides of frame.At least one cylinder in two cylinders 17,18 is the shell face that cylinder 17 has incompressible to a great extent and stiff a, hard in this example.It is transformable that the setting of at least one cylinder in two cylinders 17,18 should make the wheelbase a between the rotating shaft of two cylinders 17,18.The cylinder 17 that conforms to plate cylinder or satellite cylinder 01,12,16 that has " hard " shell face in the present embodiment is respectively two distolateral utilization on the excentric sleeve 21 that a gudgeon is arranged on frame 19.Another cylinder 18 for example with common mode fixed-site be arranged on the frame 19.The setting of cylinder 17,18 should be rigidity with gapless.At first bearing arrangement is corresponding firm.Realize no gap by the conical seat of bearing or by shrink fit.But soft cylinder 18 also can be fixedly installing with the hard cylinder of removable setting, or also can two cylinder 17,18 all be removable setting.Also can realize mobility in addition by a cylinder 17,18 that is arranged on the lever or is arranged on the linear guides.

The degree of eccentricity e that excentric sleeve 21 preferably has is twice or four times (n2*t to 4*t) that adopts the thickness t of the layer 06 that device measures usually, for example a kind of thickness of layer 06 is for example between 3 to 8mm, particularly between 4 to 6mm, the thickness of thicker layer is between 8 to 16mm, particularly between 10 to 14mm.The angle γ of the position of degree of eccentricity e and the plane E on home position is 75 to 120 °, particularly at 85 to 110 °.Be considered as home position at this relative position, wherein just in time do not having the linearity contact that realizes under the situation that is pressed into S two shell faces substantially cylinder 17,18.

The swing of excentric sleeve 21 preferably realizes that with excentric sleeve 21 rigidly connected levers 22 described lever 22 utilizes an actuator 23 can center on the rotating shaft swing of excentric sleeve 21 by one respectively.Actuator 23 can be different designs in principle, for example can be motor-driven leading screw.Actuator 23 is the cylinder bodies 23 that load with pressure medium in the present embodiment, the piston rod 24 of the hinged and cylinder body of described cylinder body and frame 19 and lever 22 hinged (otherwise or).

23 pairs of levers 22 of actuator are rotated, and make it to be resisted against on the stop part 26 that the swing of the excentric sleeve 21 that the wheelbase a with cylinder 17,18 is diminished limits.Described stop part 26 is adjustable on the direction of displacement of lever 22, but is fixed on the desired position corresponding to frame 19.Rotatable bolt 27 in screw on frame for example, for example a leading screw or screw with fine thread distolaterally have a stop part 26 at it.Rotation by bolt 27 (manually or motor-driven) can make stop part 26 continue to move or deviate from lever and move to lever 22 directions.

Preferably utilize a displacement measuring device 28 to measure moving or the position of excentric sleeve 21 or lever 22.Utilize an amesdial 28 that is fixedly installed on the frame to realize these measurements in the present embodiment, the freely and movably push rod of described amesdial cooperates with lever 22.An amesdial 28 preferably is set, and wherein the rotation of the linearly moving pointer of push rod particularly is less than or equal to 0.02mm less than 0.05mm.Also can substitute machinery and implement, adopt alternate manner to realize displacement measurement 28, for example adopt electric means or magnetic mode.Measured value can convert electric signal to or become mechanical signal or the direct electric signal that obtains of conduct to present to a not shown data processing equipment by transform electric from mechanical signal.

For realizing high certainty of measurement, preferably adopt following set-up mode, the spacing b between the measurement point that divides the rotating shaft A pick out and displacement measuring device on the lever 22 is greater than degree of eccentricity e.The ratio of spacing b and degree of eccentricity e more preferably greater than or equal 20, particularly more than or equal to 50.The shell face of determining cylinder 17 according to the resolution ratio and the known rotating shaft swing line of degree of eccentricity e, spacing b, displacement measurement moves.The certainty of measurement of this measurement mechanism has reproducibility being pressed into when S is less than or equal to 0.005mm.

According to further design, stop part can be moved by motor-driven, and wherein the position of stop part 26 electric signal of formation or described position are predetermined.In this embodiment can be by data processing equipment or control device automatically to cylinder 17 from one or more positions, or from one or more wheelbase a.

In another not shown embodiment, only pass through a part, for example by a motor-driven adjustment and a displacement measurement 28 of putting in order by adjustable angle with leading screw realization of fine thread to stop part 26.Otherwise data processing equipment with regard to the position, angle obtain relevant position information or.

Determine to be pressed into zero point, promptly determining between two cylinders 17,18 only linear contact but when not having position when being pressed into S, for example a side in the gap of measurement mechanism between cylinder 17,18 has one or more light sources.When two cylinders 17,18 near the time, when just in time light no longer can pass the slit, can determine to be pressed into zero point by the light slit crack.When manual work, by naked eyes light is measured or when working automatically, for example light is measured by one or more detectors at the opposite side in slit.When adopting the automated procedure method, signal is delivered to not shown data processing equipment.By described application to light, can realize being less than or equal to 0.005mm, the setting that particularly is less than or equal to 0.002mm is pressed into the accuracy at zero point.

Be to realize the detection to the rolling characteristic of two cylinders 17,18, a cylinder in two cylinders 17,18 is by the drive unit 29 of an outside, and for example motor 29 rotations drive.Motor 29 is for example by a driving wheel 36 in Fig. 9, and belt pulley 36 for example is by a transmission device 38, for example belt 37,37 pairs of driving wheels 38 on hard cylinder 17 of a cingulum particularly, for example belt pulley 38 drives, and soft cylinder 18 only is driven by friction simultaneously.But motor 29 also can be for example drives soft cylinder 18 by belt, and hard cylinder 17 is driven by friction simultaneously.According to useful design, motor alternately is connected with hard or soft cylinder 18,17.According to further design, one of them cylinder 17,18 or even two cylinders have position that cylinder is axially driven adjustable or the adjustable motor 29 of rotating speed at least.The bearing that has low-down friction by employing can reduce the adverse influence that one of them cylinder 17,18 is driven rolling characteristic by the friction realization.Can realize that like this gearratio I that measures and the maximum deviation of the gearratio I of " reality " are 0.01%.

Utilize respectively to be arranged on the cylinder 17,18 or the synchro-transmitter on the gudgeon 31,32, for example a Photoelectric angular decoder is measured the spin angular position of angular speed or two cylinders 17,18.

For avoiding the interruption of two cylinder that rolls mutually 17,18 contacts, preferably hard cylinder 17 has a continuous unbroken shell face in the scope of rolling on soft cylinder 18.This point also can be realized in the following way, be positioned in case of necessity on the shell face " equivalent forme " mutually on circumferential dislocation (for example 180 °) be provided with, perhaps when hard cylinder 17 only has a limited equivalent forme, the interface of existence or groove flush with the shell face by a cover piece 33 airtight (for example referring to Fig. 9).The situation of same soft cylinder 18 also is so, wherein as shown in Figure 9 for example two mutually on circumferential the cylinder-packing 06 of 180 ° of dislocation have a maximum cover piece 34 that covers half length of cylinder.This set of cylinder-packing 06 guarantee cylinder-packing 06 all the time with the contacting of hard cylinder.

Under the different situations that is pressed into S, can very accurately detect the angular speed of two cylinders 17,18 and the leading or hysteresis that may occur by the electronic installation that adopts 31,32 and postposition of synchro-transmitter.Can alternately realize driving by cylinder 17,18 hard or soft.The movably cylinder 17,18 that is arranged on when adjusting wheelbase a on the excentric sleeve moves by the rotation realization of axle sleeve.The design of above-mentioned adjustment is implemented convenient in printing machine.Utilize the light slit crack between the shell face can measure (for example by being arranged on the fluorescent tube in the roller gap) zero point to being pressed into.(displacement measuring device 28) be set and be measured to adjustment (stop part 26) by precision can accurately to being pressed into S.

Cylinder 17,18 geometries and one or more measurement points of being pressed into S (in S＞1 o'clock) with situation about knowing under, adopt algebraic expression, for example formula (5), (8) and (9) can be obtained characteristic value α as mentioned above.

The Reference numeral table of comparisons

01 roller, cylinder, plate cylinder, impression cylinder

02 roller, cylinder, transfer platen

03 roller gap

04 roller core

05        -

06 layer, rubber cloth, cylinder-packing

07 printing element, mackle brush device

08 printable fabric, paper tape

09        -

10 -

11 rollers, cylinder, transfer platen, impression cylinder

12 rollers, cylinder, plate cylinder

13 drive motors

14 printing elements, three roll printing unit

15 -

16 rollers, cylinder, impression cylinder, satellite cylinder

17 rollers, cylinder

18 rollers, cylinder

19 frames

20 -

21 excentric sleeves

22 levers

23 actuators, cylinder

24 piston rods

25 -

26 stop parts

27 bolts

28 displacement measurements, amesdial

29 drive units, motor

30 -

31 synchro-transmitters

32 synchro-transmitters

33 cover pieces

34 cover pieces

35 -

36 driving wheels, belt pulley

37 transmission devices, belt, cingulum

38 driving wheels, belt pulley

D _WGZDiameter

D _WPZDiameter

D _WGZKDiameter

D _WSZDiameter

The ω angular frequency

W _GZFrequency

W _PZFrequency

The a spacing

A is poor

A ₀Fault plane

A ₁Fault plane

The b spacing

B is poor

The e degree of eccentricity

The E plane

The α characteristic value

γ angle (e, E)

I rotating ratio, gearratio

I _RealThe actual rotating ratio of measuring, gearratio

I _KompRotating ratio, gearratio (compressible)

I _InkompRotating ratio, gearratio (incompressible)

L length

The n variable

n _GZRotating speed

n _PZRotating speed

S is pressed into

S ^*Be pressed into relatively

T thickness

v ₀Speed

v ₁Speed

v _pSuperficial velocity

v _GiSpeed

v _GaSpeed

Claims (37)

1. method that the layer (06) that is used on the pair roller (01,02,11,12,16) is selected, wherein

At first obtain the rotating ratio (I that produces for pure compressible and pure incompressible situation in theory according to being pressed in the section (S) at least according to the geometry of predetermined printing equipment _Komp, I _Inkomp) limiting value,

At least in section, determine the rotating ratio (I of actual layer (06) _Real) and rotating ratio (I _Komp, I _Inkomp) the required relative position of limiting value,

With utilize at least change curve required in section with at limiting value (I _Komp, I _Inkomp) relation of the theoretic change curve obtained, utilize algebraic expression to obtain the characteristic value of proofreading and correct according to special geometric form at required layer (06) (α).

2. in accordance with the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that, at first by the measurement on measurement mechanism with adopt the same generation numerical expression to draw the characteristic value (α) that layer (06) characteristic is illustrated then according to the correction of the geometry of measurement mechanism.

3. in accordance with the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that algebraic expression is expressed the rotating ratio (I that measures at the relevant situation that is pressed into (S) _Real) and rotating ratio (I _Komp, I _Inkomp) the relative position of two limiting values.

4. printing element, have at least two rollers that cooperatively interact (01,02,11,12,16), wherein at least one roller (02,11) has an elastic layer (06) and another roller (01,12,16) has an indeformable to a great extent shell face on the shell face, it is characterized in that layer (06) is being pressed into (S at least relatively ^*) a scope in have explanation its flexible be 0.980 to 0.999 characteristic value (α), wherein adopt following algebraic expression

$\mathrm{\α}=\frac{I_{\mathrm{real}}-I_{\mathrm{inkomp}}}{I_{\mathrm{komp}}-I_{\mathrm{inkomp}}}$

Obtain characteristic value, I _Komp, I _InkompThe rotating ratio of representing the limiting case of pure compressible and pure incompressible layer (06) respectively, and I _RealRepresent required rotating ratio.

5. according to the described printing element of claim 4, it is characterized in that, be pressed into (S relatively at layer (06) at least ^*) scope in when changing, corresponding to the rotating ratio I of 1.000/n _RealMaximum deviation be 0.002, particularly deviation is 0.001, wherein n is illustrated in the ratio of the quantity of the seal page or leaf on roller (02,11) circumferential with layer (06) and the quantity of seal page or leaf on another roller (01,12,16).

6. printing element, have at least two rollers that cooperatively interact (01,02,11,12,16), wherein has an elastic layer (06) on the shell face of at least one roller (02,11) and another roller (01,12,16) has an indeformable to a great extent shell face, it is characterized in that, the layer (06) of two rollers (01,02,11,12,16) is alternately coordinated mutually with geometry, makes at least and is being pressed into (S relatively ^*) a scope in the rotating ratio (I of roller (01,02,11,12,16) when changing _Real) be 0.002 corresponding to the deviation of 1.000/n, wherein n is illustrated in the ratio of the quantity of the seal page or leaf on roller (02,11) with layer (06) circumferential and the quantity of seal page or leaf on another roller (01,12,16).

7. according to the described printing element of claim 6, it is characterized in that, be pressed into (S relatively at layer (06) at least ^*) scope in when changing, the rotating ratio (I of roller (01,02,11,12,16) _Real) be 0.001 corresponding to the maximum deviation of 1.000/n, wherein n is illustrated in the ratio of the quantity of the seal page or leaf on roller (02,11) with layer (06) circumferential and the quantity of seal page or leaf on another roller (01,12,16).

8. printing element, have at least two rollers that cooperatively interact (01,02,11,12,16), wherein has an elastic layer (06) on the shell face of at least one roller (02,11) and another roller (01,12,16) has an indeformable to a great extent shell face, it is characterized in that, the layer (06) of two rollers (01,02,11,12,16) is alternately coordinated mutually with geometry, makes at being pressed into (S at least relatively ^*) a scope, rotating ratio (I _Real) be pressed into the derivative (dI of (S) _Real/ dS) be 0.01l/mm corresponding to zero maximum deviation.

9. according to claim 6 or 8 described printing elements, it is characterized in that, at being pressed into (S relatively ^*) scope, it is the characteristic value (α) of its elastic characteristic of explanation of 0.980 to 1.000 that layer (06) has, and wherein obtains characteristic value with following algebraic expression:

$\mathrm{\α}=\frac{I_{\mathrm{real}}-I_{\mathrm{inkomp}}}{I_{\mathrm{komp}}-I_{\mathrm{inkomp}}}$

I _Komp, I _InkompThe rotating ratio of representing the limiting case of pure compressible and pure incompressible layer (06) respectively, and I _RealRepresent required rotating ratio.

10. according to claim 4 or 6 described printings, it is characterized in that, at being pressed into (S at least relatively ^*) scope, rotating ratio (I _Real) be pressed into the derivative (dI of (S) _Real/ dS) be 0.01l/mm corresponding to zero maximum deviation.

11., it is characterized in that derivative (dI according to the described printing element of claim 10 _Real/ dS) be zero substantially.

12. according to each or multinomial described printing element in the claim 4 to 10, it is characterized in that, at a relative (S that is pressed into as the pressing point between transfer platen (02,11) and the roller (01,02,11,12) as plate cylinder (01,12) ^*) scope be 6% to 7%.

13. according to each or multinomial described printing element in the claim 4 to 10, it is characterized in that, at a relative (S that is pressed into as the pressing point between transfer platen (02,11) and the roller (02,11) as satellite cylinder (16) ^*) scope be 9% to 10%.

14., it is characterized in that it is 260 to 350mm effective diameter (D that two rollers (01,02,11,12,16) have one respectively according to claim 4 or 9 described printing elements _WGZ, D _WPZ) and characteristic value be 0.989 to 1.000 the layer (06).

15., it is characterized in that it is 120 to 180mm effective diameter (D that two rollers (01,02,11,12,16) have one respectively according to claim 4 or 9 described printing elements _WGZ, D _WPZ) and characteristic value be 0.980 to 0.990 the layer (06).

16., it is characterized in that it is 260 to 400mm effective diameter (D that the roller (02,11) that has elastic layer (06) has according to claim 4 or 9 described printing elements _WGZ, D _WPZ) and another roller (01,16) to have be 150 to 190mm effective diameter (D _WGZ, D _WPZ), and the characteristic value (α) of layer (06) is 0.987 to 1.000.

17., it is characterized in that the roller (02,11) with elastic layer (06) is that transfer platen (02,11) and the roller (01,12) with indeformable to a great extent shell face are plate cylinder (01,12) according to claim 4,6 or 8 described printing elements.

18., it is characterized in that the roller (02,11) with elastic layer (06) is that transfer platen (02,11) and the roller (16) with indeformable to a great extent shell face are satellite cylinder (16) according to claim 4,6 or 8 described printing elements.

19., it is characterized in that two rollers (01,02,11,12,16) are the rollers that cooperatively interacts (01,02,11,12,16) of the inking device according to claim 4,6 or 8 described printing elements.

20., it is characterized in that a roller (01,02,11,12,16) only is driven by friction by motor-driven and another roller (01,02,11,12,16) according to the described printing element of claim 19.

21. according to the described printing element of claim 17, it is characterized in that, transfer platen (02,11) cooperates with one the 3rd roller (16) as satellite cylinder (16), mechanically is independent of preceding two rollers by a drive motors (13) and described the 3rd roller is driven (01,02,11,12).

22., it is characterized in that two rollers (01,02,11,12) are driven in couples by a common drive motors (13) according to claim 4,6,8,17,18 or 19 described printing elements.

23. according to claim 4,6,8,17,18 or 19 described printing elements, it is characterized in that, utilize two drive motors (13) mechanically independently of each other two rollers (01,02,11,12,16) to be driven.

24. device that is used to obtain the rolling characteristic of elastic layer (06), wherein the wheelbase (a) between roller (18) that layer (06) is supported and the roller (17) with an indeformable substantially shell face is variable, and can obtain the rotating ratio (I between two rollers (17,18) _Real), it is characterized in that the roller (17,18) at least two rollers (17,18) is arranged on the excentric sleeve (21) of frame (19).

25., it is characterized in that the mobile lever (22) that carries out transmission of a pair roller (17) is rigidly connected with excentric sleeve (21), measures moving of lever by displacement measuring device (28) according to the described device of claim 24.

26. device that is used to obtain the rolling characteristic of elastic layer (06), wherein the wheelbase (a) between roller (18) that layer (06) is supported and the roller (17) with an indeformable substantially shell face is variable, and can obtain the rotating ratio (I between two rollers (17,18) _Real), it is characterized in that, go up at the mobile lever that transmits (22) of pair roller (17) by displacement measuring device (28) variation of wheelbase (a) is measured.

27., it is characterized in that at least one roller in two rollers (17,18) is arranged on the excentric sleeve (21) according to the described device of claim 25, a lever (22) is rigidly connected with excentric sleeve (21) respectively.

28. according to claim 24 or 27 described devices, it is characterized in that, at the ratio of the spacing of rotating shaft (A) and the measurement point of displacement measuring device (28) on lever (22) and the degree of eccentricity (e) more than or equal to 20.

29. according to claim 24 or 27 described devices, it is characterized in that, the degree of eccentricity (e) be 75 ° to 120 ° at the locational angle of of roller (17,18) by the plane (E) of the rotating shaft of roller (17,18) decision, realize the mutual linear contact of two shell faces in described position.

30. according to claim 24 or 26 described devices, it is characterized in that, by being respectively synchro-transmitter (31,31) mensuration angular speed and/or the spin angular position that each roller (17,18) is provided with.

31. according to claim 24 or 26 described devices, it is characterized in that, a roller (17,18) driven and only another roller (17,18) is driven by friction with first roller by the drive unit (29) of an outside.

32., it is characterized in that drive unit (29) is alternately distributed to one according to the described device of claim 31, or another roller (17,18).

33. according to claim 25 or 26 described devices, it is characterized in that, be less than or equal to 0.05mm/360 ° as the Measurement Resolution of the displacement measuring device of amesdial (28).

34. according to claim 25 or 26 described devices, it is characterized in that, be provided with the stop part (26) of a position changeable for lever (22).

35. according to claim 25 or 26 described devices, it is characterized in that, utilize actuator (23) that lever (22) is carried out swing.

36. according to claim 34 or 35 described devices, it is characterized in that, utilize the actuator (23) of a cylinder body (23) that loads as pressure medium can be on stop part (26) with lever (22) roof pressure.

37., it is characterized in that according to claim 24 or 26 described devices, be pressed into zero point for obtaining, a side in the gap between the roller (17,18) is provided with a light source.

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