CN1437726A

CN1437726A - Apparatus and method for swapping devices while a computer is running

Info

Publication number: CN1437726A
Application number: CN00819275.8A
Authority: CN
Inventors: S·阿赖
Original assignee: Phoenix Technologies Ltd
Current assignee: Phoenix Technologies Ltd
Priority date: 2000-03-02
Filing date: 2000-03-02
Publication date: 2003-08-20
Anticipated expiration: 2020-03-02
Also published as: WO2001065365A1; CN1199102C; JP2003525494A

Abstract

A system for exchanging devices installed in a computer system allows users to make an exchange of devices while the computer system is running or in a sleeping state. The system is able to recognize, access and use the newly added device without restarting or rebooting the computer system.

Description

The apparatus and method of switching equipment in computer run

Invention field

The present invention relates generally to the field with the interconnected equipment of computing machine, and more specifically, relate to exchange or change and the interconnected equipment of computing machine in computer operation.

Background technology

Driver of " plug and play " operating system and equipment can be seldom to get involved the increase and the elimination of treatment facility to active that need not the user fully.Result " plug and play " system fully allows experienceless relatively user to install easily and smooth-goingly and switching equipment, and the user need not understand software or have program capability.

In each operating system, exist a series of be used for finding with the included equipment of initializing computer so that the driver that they can correctly be communicated with all resources of this computing machine.For such as Windows 95 ^Or 98 ^Operating systems such as (Microsoft's products), when starting driver during the installation of operating system or guiding, connection equipment is on computers enumerated or discerned to driver.Yet for some equipment, their relevant device driver is " plug and play " fully.The example of these drivers comprises IDE driver that is used for hard drive and the floppy disk that is used for disk drive.Because these drivers are " plug and play " fully, the driver of these equipment can not be enumerated equipment during working time.

Because this restriction, when system operation (heat interchange hot swapping) or sleep state (temperature exchange warm swapping), these operating systems can not support do not have the exchange of the equipment of " plug and play " driver fully such as hard disk drive, CD-ROM drive and floppy disk etc.But, require the user to reset when exchanging another or vectoring computer again with one of these equipment.This requirement is not only time-consuming but also bothersome to the user.

Summary of the invention

Concise and to the point, the present invention includes and enumerate first equipment that exists in the computer system and make computer system can discern the method for this first equipment, this computer system has storer and use is stored in the operating system that this data structure in memory is set up the active configuration of computer system, this data structure has one or more device node corresponding to the equipment that exists in the computer system, and this method comprises the steps: when computer system operation to provide first equipment to insert indication in the computer system to operating system; Respond this and be designated as this first device enumeration, one controller of control; Respond enumerating of first device controller, the driver that initialization is related with this first device controller; With the initialized driver location enumerator (enumerator) related with this first device controller; And with the location enumerator enumerate this first equipment, wherein the driver related with first device controller can only be located and the related enumerator of this first device controller when initialization.

This method on the other hand in, before connecting first equipment, whether just this method also comprises the steps: to judge current second equipment in access computer systems; From data structure, remove corresponding to the device node of second equipment and corresponding to the device node of the controller that is used to control this second equipment; Isolate the transmission of any data-signal that will between second equipment and second device controller, transmit from second device controller to second equipment; And the power supply of closing second equipment.

This method again on the other hand in, remove the substep that comprises the unloading All Drives related corresponding to the step of the device node of second equipment and second device controller with second equipment and second device controller.

In still another aspect of the invention, computer program comprise have be implemented in wherein be used for enumerating first equipment that computer system exists and medium that the computing machine that makes computer system can discern the computer-readable code modules of this first equipment can be used, this computer system has storer and use is stored in the operating system that this data structure in memory is set up the active configuration of this computer system, this data structure has corresponding to one or more device node that exists in the equipment in the computer system, this computer program comprises: first enumerates module, is used for enumerating after computer system operation inserts computer system with first equipment enumerating the controller that is used to control first equipment; Initialization module, what be used to respond first device controller enumerates the initialization driver related with first device controller; The steady arm module is used for the initialized driver identification enumerator related with first device controller; And second enumerate module, is used to utilize the enumerator of the location related with first device controller to enumerate first equipment, and wherein related with first device controller driver can only be located when initialization and the related enumerator of first device controller.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the block diagram of computer system according to the invention.

Fig. 2 a and 2b are the block diagram process flow diagram of exchange process according to the invention.

Fig. 3 is a block diagram process flow diagram of enumerating process according to the invention.

Fig. 4 is the block diagram of devices exchange according to the invention system.

Detailed Description Of The Invention

In the context of specific embodiment, describe the present invention below, but be not intended to limit like this present invention.

The parts how Fig. 1 illustrates computer system 10 according to the invention are installed together.As shown in fig. 1, computer system 10 comprises configuration manager 20, a plurality of equipment or resource 30, register office (registry) 40, device node (devnode) tree 50, reaches device driver storer 60.As follows in the face of the above definition of element.Be preferably in and realize computer system 10 in the plug and play framework.Though illustrate among Fig. 1, computer system 10 comprises other element, such as processor, storer, monitor and resemble keyboard or input equipment such as pointing apparatus.As known in the present technique, other element also can be included in the computer system 10.

Be the definition of these elements in the computer system 10 below.Can be used as " configuration manager " the 20th that virtual device driver (VxD) is realized, the central module of plug and play framework.VxD is Windows 95 and 98 formative drivers specially.Comprise DLL and DOS TSR form also is presumable at other interior driver.Configuration manager 20 instructs all configuration managements in the computer system 10.In order to instruct configuration management, it can use three data storeies: registration table 40, device node tree 50 and device driver storer 60, and can be with four kinds of software part work: enumerator, moderator, device loads device and device driver.

" enumerator " determined currently in the computer system 10 which hardware device to be installed and which resource they need.Thereby enumerating is to find or identification equipment.As configuration manager 20, enumerator also can be embodied as VxD.Identify after each equipment, enumerator is just set up " device node ".Device node is the data structure of essential information that comprises about the equipment of identification.Device node can comprise the possible configuration of indication, current configuration, status information, reach the field of the driver of this equipment.

Enumerator identifies after the new equipment, and the module that is called " equipment erector " is set up a new item in " registration table " 40.The hierarchical tree of registration table 40 Storage Items, they comprise key word and the value that once is installed in each equipment in the computer system 10.Every key word is an equipment mark separately, and the value in every comprises information and explanation thereof about the type of equipment, should be particular device and load which driver, driver correction number, manufacturer, and the potential logic configuration of equipment when enumerating.The facility information file that the information of value can provide from the equipment retailer or from equipment itself." facility information file " comprises the information about known device and their configuration.In order to be the equipment apparatus for establishing node that just has been installed in the system, enumerator can utilize the information corresponding to the item of the equipment in the registration table 40.

Each device node that enumerator is set up is placed in " device tree " 50.Device tree 50 is for describing the hierarchical tree of the device node of all hardware of existence in the computer system 10.Level in the device tree is constructed such that device node is placed in the below level of device node of equipment of these device nodes of control, the indication of control is provided whereby.For example, the device node that is subjected to the equipment of total line traffic control is placed on the device node below of bus.Device nodes such as device node such as bus are called father node, are subjected to the device node of father node control then to be child node such as being connected equipment on the bus etc.

Enumerator identifies equipment and has set up after its device node, and configuration manager 20 calls " the device loads device " with this device association.Can load device driver and enumerator as the device loads device that VxD realizes with the given device node of management.By several layers device driver management equipment the time, use the device loads device usually.The device loads device is coordinated several layers work and is applicable to the common configuration task of all devices driver.

" device driver " control and management equipment hardware.Device driver is responsible for discerning to the specific resources demand of locking equipment and is set the configuration operation that this equipment distributes with configuration manager 20.The device driver that can will be installed in all devices 30 in the computer system 10 is stored in the device driver storer 60.

At last, " moderator " that also can realize as VxD be to solve resource contention between the equipment 30 by configuration manager 20 usefulness.The optimal allocation that moderator is checked the demand schedule of the equipment 30 that is installed in the computer system 10 and found out resource satisfies all devices.Moderator is that the some resources in the computer system 10 are made nothing conflict distribution, wherein comprises I/O (I/O) address, storage address, interrupt request (IRQ), reaches direct memory access (DMA) (DMA) passage.

Should point out that moderator, enumerator, registration table, device node tree, configuration manager and device loads device are the standards projects of the software that provided of the various software retailers interior that comprise Microsoft and provide in Windows 95 and Windows 98.

Be the configuration manager 20 employed data-carrier stores in the computer system 10 and the more detailed description of software part below.The building block of setting up the active configuration of computer system is a device node.As mentioned above, device node is the interior expression of basic storage that physically exists in the equipment 30 in the system.It is the data structure that comprises about the information of equipment and driver thereof.The information in the device node of being stored in comprises the configuration of device identification (ID), its current distribution, possible logic configuration, status information, and device driver entrance.As mentioned above, device node is set up by enumerator.The foundation of response apparatus node, configuration manager 20 causes the loading of proper driver.

" device id " that be used in the device node data structure is to the unique ASCII string of each equipment that can comprise in the computer system 10.This gangs up the parts that normal sign finds this equipment, but since it also as the key word in the registration table 40, it must be unique in computer system 10, so that can retrieve the information about this equipment reliably.This a string cross reference that can be used for is about being stored in the data of the equipment in the registration table 40.

Be below the example of device id: Root ^*PNP 0000 0; ISAPNP ADP1522-DEV0000 E8124123; BIOS ^*PNP0100 0; And PCMCIA MEGAHERTZ-XJ124FM-936B.Seen in these examples, the first of ID sign finds the parts of this equipment.For example, ISAPNP is corresponding to the isa bus of the equipment of plug and play.This nomenclature scheme of device id is the specific nomenclature scheme of bus.

As discussed above, enumerator is the parts of identification installed hardware and apparatus for establishing node.In computer system 10, each bus comprises by configuration manager 20 calls the enumerator that is positioned at the equipment on its bus separately.These buses comprise PCI, EISA, PCMCIA, SCSI etc.Equipment on these buses is configured to support fully plug and play usually.Also isa bus can be configured to support plug and play, and be called the ISAPNP bus.Device node at the equipment that identifies on the bus can have their enumerator and set up child node on device node tree 50.Any one of these subset nodes can have the enumerator of setting up the further child node of this device node on device node tree 50.

Can use detection module rather than enumerator in order to be identified in equipment (the being called legacy equipment sometimes) configuration manager 20 that disposes on can not the standard I SA bus of plug and play.Detection module can use the method for identification legacy equipment, detects such as equipment such as keyboard or interruptable controllers such as the desired value of I/O position of check hard coded.

Enumerator is responsible for the equipment apparatus for establishing ID of their location.As mentioned above, each identifier should be unique and remain the same from beginning to end when system bootstrap each time.This string should be constituted and make it can be used for unique of identifier register table 40.This title of ganging up often with enumerator begins, the back follow one " ".For example, ISA plug and play enumerator can be initiated with all devices identifier " ISAPNP ".

Enumerator is constructed device node tree 50 and can be participated in configuration device 30 on the bus related with enumerator separately.In most of operating systems, enumerate process during computing machine starting each time.When the process of enumerating finished, device node tree 50 comprised about available system resources, required device driver, and the information of other requirement of these resources.

Device node tree 50 is the tree of the layering of the device node of the structure of the hardware in the expression computer system 10.Thereby device node is on the root of device node tree 50 or the child node of parent device node.A device node can have a plurality of subset nodes.Other child node of the father node of device node is called the brother.Structure device node tree 50 when starting computing machine each time.In addition, it can be dynamic fully, if eliminate or increase equipment 30 in computer system 10, even changes when computing machine moves.

Device node tree 50 provides many functions for computer system 10.At first, it describes all hardware that exists in the computer system 10.In addition, device node tree 50 allows to be independent of the driver of bus for enumerator provides the mechanism of their sub-hardware of configuration.Driver can be independent of bus, because the enumerator of each bus can be independent of other bus identification and dispose the equipment that is subjected to this total line traffic control.Usually, driver and do not know or be concerned about their the tree in exact position.Driver only is concerned about their hardware device or device node usually, and in not noting setting above them or following layer.

Device node tree 50 comprises the configuration information of all devices 30 in the computer system 10, and it follows the tracks of resource with each device association configuration manager 20 usefulness, such as interrupt request (IRQ), I/O (I/O) port and even gather non shared resources such as SCSI identifier.Device node tree 50 describe the equipment that exists with resource, resource requirement, resource interdependence, reach current resources allocation.

Table 1 illustrates the device id of some exemplary apparatus of explanation and can be desirably in the example of the device node tree that where can find them in the level.The actual content of each node beyond the not shown device id.

Table 1: device node tree example

Htree Root the root node of 0-device node tree

Root ^*PNP0801 the sound device of the old-fashioned sound remover of 0-compatibility

Root ^*PNPOC00 the 0-Plug and Play BIOS

BIOS ^*PNP0901 the display adapter of 0-Super VGA compatibility

BIOS ^*PNP0000 the 0-AT interruptable controller

BIOS ^*PNP0100 the 0-AT timer

BIOS ^*PNP0200 the 0-AT dma controller

BIOS ^*PNP0301 0-PS/2 formal bond disk controller

BIOS ^*PNP0400 0-standard LPT printer port

BIOS ^*PNP0400 1-standard LPT printer port

BIOS ^*PNP0501 the 0-16550 communication port

BIOS ^*PNP0501 the 1-16550 communication port

BIOS ^*PNP0700 0-PC standard floppy disk controller

BIOS ^*PNP0800 0-AT form loudspeaker sound

BIOS ^*PNP0901 the display adapter of 0-SVGA compatibility

BIOS ^*PNP0B00 the 0-AT real-time clock

BIOS ^*PNP0C01 the 0-system storage

BIOS ^*PNP0E00 the 0-PCMCLA controller

PCMCIA 3C08SF the 0-network adapter

As shown in table 1, root node is the father node of sound remover and Plug and Play BIOS.Plug and Play BIOS has a series of child nodes again.The enumerator of Plug and Play BIOS is discerned each of these equipment and is each equipment apparatus for establishing node, and wherein each device node is the child node of Plug and Play BIOS device node.As discussed above, this hierarchy these child nodes are shown each be subjected to Plug and Play BIOS control.Similarly, the enumerator of pcmcia controller identification is subjected to the network adapter of this pcmcia controller control, and sets up the child node of a device node as pcmcia controller for this network adapter.

Computer system 10 is also used and is expanded registration table 40 and various device message file (band .INF file-name extension).Registration table 40 storage once was installed in all devices 30 on the particular machine, wherein comprised the equipment that does not allow complete plug and play such as legacy equipment etc.Registration table 40 also store by the PnP device of enumerator location for information about, the specific status information of equipment, equipment be to the connection of device driver and about the data of the configuration known at last-be used to quicken resources allocation.

Facility information file above-mentioned comprises the information about known device and their configuration.Computer system 10 can provide some classification information file (for example SCSI.INF and MODEM.INF); Other is provided by equipment manufacturers.When enumerator detects or enumerates new equipment, the item of search and this device id coupling in all known .INF files.Finding when coupling, just copy suitable file and with required copying data in the registration table 40 in the newly-established registry entries.

Registration table 40 is by the Win of Microsoft 32 ^The API group is at Windows 95, Windows 98 and .Windows NT ^The total system database of middle visit.In addition, Windows 95 provides with Windows 98 real mode of registration table 40 is visited so that can use it during guiding before switching to protected mode.As noted, registration table 40 storage class are similar to the hierarchical tree (except Windows3.1.INI file have the flat structures opposite with the tree construction of registration table) of " key word " and " value " of the item in the Windows3.1-form .INI file.Operating system utilizes registration table 40 to store about the information that should load which driver and such as driver correction number, manufacturer, and the information such as potential logic configuration of this equipment when enumerating particular device.Following Table II illustrates exemplary registry entries.

Table II: registry entries example

\HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\ENUM\ROOT\ ^*PNP0000\0000

DrvDesc=" programmable interrupt controller "

Classification=" system "

BootConfig=(I/O port 20h, 21h, A0h, and A1h-scale-of-two money

Source data)

Driver=" system 0000 "

Hardware ID=" ^*PNP0000 "

InfName＝”MACHINE.INF”

Mfg=" Microsoft "

NoSetupUI＝”1”

ENUM\BIOS\ ^*PNP0000\0000\LogConfig

(the scale-of-two resource data is in this case as top for 0=

BootConfig)

SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\Class\System\0000

DriverDesc=" programmable interrupt controller "

DevLoader\” ^*VPICD”

EnumPropPages＝”Sysclass.dll，EnumPropPages”

Registry entries in the Table II illustrates and can be the example that particular device is included in the information in the registration table 40.In this example, equipment is programmable interruptable controller.The information of this equipment comprises the message file name of possible boot configuration, the device driver with this device association, unique ID, this equipment and is used to load the device loads device of the device driver of this equipment.

Most of plug and play registry entries are stored in the ENUM tree of registration table 40, promptly HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE ENUM.Under ENUM, each enumerator has the branch of itself, and each equipment that it was once enumerated and set up has a child node below this enumerator.Exist a special enumerator branch that is called ENUM ROOT, it comprises the registry entries such as the hardware of Non-Plug and Plays such as legacy equipment, does not have enumerator for them but can detect with other means discussed above.For example, when installing operating system, according to loading detection module such as the table in the message files such as MSDET.INF message file.When detecting the equipment of incomplete permission plug and play, just retrieve information in the suitable facility information file from registration table 40 about it.Then this information stores is based upon in registration table 40 HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE ENUM in the new node under the Root branch.

When enumerator or detection module detected the equipment of the registry entries that does not have it in registration table 40, the equipment erector was set up new in registration table 40.Most of information are by the .INF file that is provided with this equipment or are directly provided by the module of setting up of this equipment.Registration table 40 is the stored configuration information specific also, and it is and whether docks relevant information with competent portable computer docks or disengaging, and user's information specific.

Difference between device node tree 50 and the registration table 40 is important.In the system of complete plug and play, device node tree 50 is accurate layer representations of current installed device.Otherwise registration table 40 comprised once and to install the information of all devices of (even they current do not exist).The hierarchy of describing in the device node tree 50 is also not exclusively reflected in the position of equipment in registration table 40.In registration table 40, equipment is positioned at their enumerator below, but all enumerators are to remain in the smooth table, means enumerator and remains in the hierarchy not according to the enumerator of their relevant device of identification.50 in device node tree exists in the storer, and registration table 40 then is kept on the dish.

As noted, device driver control and management equipment hardware.Device driver is responsible for discerning to the specific resources demand of locking equipment 30 and with the configuration operation of this apparatus settings for being given with configuration manager 20.Configuration manager 20 provides device driver can be used for carrying out the service and the message of its task.

The device node of configuration of the distribution of its equipment of expression which resource of partly coming to determine to be this devices allocation in the device driver inspection machine node tree 50.For the plug and play card, the resource of distribution of giving locking equipment when guiding each time, or even when computer system 10 is being moved (dynamically) can change.Logic configuration is described the effective various configurations of given hardware.Whether disconnect or configuration etc. is to be maintained in each device node in the device node tree 50 by configuration manager 20 about the information of the state of equipment such as it.Driver can be by inquiring about this information to configuration manager 20 these information of inquiry.When being specific device node load driver device, it is to configuration manager 20 registrations, be delivered in distribute or when changing hardware configuration with the entrance of the equipment that calls.Though device driver or other parts are access means node tree 50 or device node directly, it can be retrieved about the information of the body of device node and carry out retrieving and the information in this device node being set of task.Configuration manager 20 provides these services to execute the task on device node.Yet device driver and other parts can be stored the information about given device node in registration table 40, and retrieval configuration manager 20 is stored in the information about device node in the registration table 40.

The device loads device loads device driver and the enumerator with the given device node of management.When equipment during, use the device loads device usually by the different layer-management of device driver.The device loads device is coordinated the work of different layers and the common configuration task that execution is applicable to all devices driver.

Configuration manager 20 can be related with given device node with the device loads device.The device loads device also can be given device node or any subset node loading enumerator and device driver.Other service comprises retrieval and gives device node and the virtual unit of the related any dynamic load of retrieval and device node in the device descriptor piece with distributing privately owned value.

Moderator is for distributing the proprietorial parts such as various resources such as IRQ and I/O ports.Resource contention between the resource arbitration device mediation devices.Moderator inspection machine demand schedule is also found out optimal resource allocation and is satisfied all devices.The operation that configuration manager 20 also provides service and information to come the support resource moderator.

Demand schedule marking equipment 30 is successfully operated required resource type and any restriction related with these resources.IRQ, I/O port, DMA passage and memory range are the examples of resource type.Limit the normally interdependence between resource, 30 requirements must be seen the IRQ3 that combines and I/O port O2F8 so that successfully operation such as equipment.

Logic configuration is the explanation that equipment 30 is successfully operated desired resource.Any given equipment 30 can have some possible logic configuration.How the logic configuration of equipment 30 of utilizing configuration manager 20 decides Resources allocation between the equipment in competition.Configuration manager 20 provides device driver, enumerator, reaches the service that other parts can be used for checking and setting up logic configuration.

Resource in the configuration of resource descriptor description logic.Storer, I/O port, DMA passage, and the resource descriptor of IRQ are wherein arranged.Can set up the resource that other resource descriptor comes available other type of marking equipment as required.

Memory resource descriptor id memory address realm.This descriptor comprises the array of the MEM_RANGE structure of the MEM_DES structure of describing memory resource and the possible memory configurations that identifies each equipment.I/O port resource descriptor sign I/O port address scope.It comprises the IO_DES structure of describing the I/O port resource and the array that identifies the IO_RANGE structure of possible port arrangement.

DMA channel resource descriptor identifies one group of DMA channel selecting object.This descriptor is the DMA_DES structure of the marking equipment DMA passage that can use.At last, the IRQ resource descriptor identifies one group of IRQ alternative.It is the IRQ_DES structure whether marking equipment IRQ that can use and IRQ can share.

When working with I/O port resource descriptor, IOR_Alias and IOR_Decode value specified devices are to its port of replying another name.As if the port another name is the address of replying of 30 pairs of equipment, and it is the actual address of I/O port.In addition, as if some card reality uses additional port in various objectives, but makes them use the decoding scheme of another name; For example, 10 of ISA card decodable codes and need 03Coh.This card must be stipulated IOR_Alias skew and the IOR_Decode 3 (not using another name as actual port) of 04h.For convenience, the another name field can be set at zero the indication and not need another name; In this case, ignore the decoding field.

If this card to use 7Coh, OBCoh, and OFCoh on port, wherein these ports have different functions, IOR_Alias value will be identical and the IOR_Decode value will be OFh, 11 and 12 of indication end port address is effective.Thereby distribution is to all of the port (PORT[i]+(n*alias*256)) φ (decode*256/03FFh), and wherein n is that any integer and PORT are IOR_nPorts, IOR_Min, and the scope of IOR_Max fields specify.Notice that minimum another name is 4 and minimum decoding is 3.

Because the historical reasons of isa bus, suppose to use all EISA and the ISA card of any port of PORT=n*400+Z wherein (wherein " Z " is the port in the scope 100h-3ffh, and " N " is more than or equal to 1) to treat as another name with reserved port Z and with other port.If kept the port that falls into this group but driver does not keep " Z " address, suppose that then this equipment is that wherein the port address of this reservation does not appear on the isa bus on local bus (such as PCI).

The scope table is the table of the ordering of I/O port or memory address range (with the DWORD form), does not wherein have two scopes overlapping.Managing I/O utilizes this scope table to serve with the resource arbitration device of memory resource and finds whether given I/O or memory range conflict with any other scope.These service detection are set up the attempt that comprises overlapping scope table and or failure or set up the scope that merges when overlapping existing.Each scope must be specified the address realm of connection, but scope table itself can comprise a plurality of scopes, and wherein neither one must be connected with any other scope in the table.

With these parts and resource associated working, thereby configuration manager 20 is found out each equipment 30 of configuration that can work for all devices 30 of computer system 10 and can be used IRQ number of its distribution, I/O port address, and other resource with the miscellaneous equipment ensuring escapement from confliction.Configuration manager 30 is also assisted the number of the equipment 30 of existence in the supervisory computer system 10 and the change of type, and the configuration of management equipment 30 as required when changing.In order to set up and maintain configuration, configuration manager 20 and enumerator, resource arbitration device, device loads device, and device driver associated working.It provides these parts to be used for carrying out the service and the information of their configuration task.Below Table III each explanation of the table of some services that configuration manager 20 provided and these services is shown.

Table III: configuration manager serviceService Description CONFIGMG_Create_DevNode increases device node on hardware tree.CONFIGMG_Disable_DevNode forbids the device node in the hardware tree.CONFIGMG_Enable_DevNode allows the device node in the hardware tree.Whether the CONFIGMG_Query_Remove_SubTree check can reach by the abatement apparatus node

Its offspring.CONFIGMG_Reenumerate_DevNode makes the enumerator of appointed equipment node

Accept

CONFIG_ENUMERATE piece

Lift the device function.CONFIGMG_Remove_SubTree abatement apparatus node and child node thereof.

These services can be used in and allow in the computer system 10 when computer system 10 is being operated, in computer system 10, to insert and identification equipment 30.Except the service shown in the Table III, also have many in Windows 95 and 98 service of standard can be used in the computer system 10." writing Windows VxD and device driver, second edition " (R﹠amp in 1997 of Karen Hazzah; D Books publishes) the more complete description of plug and play framework and parts thereof is provided, by reference it is combined in this.

Fig. 2 a and 2b are that the computer system in operation 10 of being used for according to the invention is eliminated the process flow diagram of process of equipment that has the driver of incomplete permission " plug and play " with insertion.This process can be as software program, be routed to and carry out realizing such as hardware device such as programmable storage, firmware or processor or their certain combination of this process.Referring to Fig. 2 a, when booting computer system 10, configuration manager 20 usefulness enumerators, device node, device driver and registration table 40 generate device node tree 50 (steps 110).

Moving (heat interchange) or in sleep state when (temperature exchange), the user of computer system 10 can ask to exist in the equipment replacement in the computer system 10 or exchange different equipment (step 112) with current in computer system 10.In order to make this request, any other type interface inquiry computer system 10 of the operating system compatibility that the user can use by Windows type interface or with computer system 10.In this request, the user can specify the equipment that will eliminate and the new equipment that will insert.In addition, if there is not equipment to be eliminated, then the user can only specify the equipment that will insert.Respond this request, the driver (step 114) of the controller of the equipment that configuration manager 20 invoke user requests are eliminated.This calls and can make with the CONFIGMG_Query_Remove_SubTree service.If the equipment of eliminating is hard drives, this device controller can be an IDE controller for example, and if the equipment of eliminating is soft driver, then is soft controller.The type that depends on the equipment of elimination, other controller also are possible.

Definite current whether using (step 116) of equipment that will eliminate of the driver of device controller.For example, if this equipment is disk drive, whether driver can be determined that the file on this driver is current and open.Definite in order to make, can make CONFIGMG_Query_Remove_SubTree and call or inquire about.In the example of disk drive, can pass through this disk drive of several layers drive access, such as file system driver, disk drive driver and disk controller driver.Though the disk controller driver may not known the file opened on the disk drive, it can make other definite actuator layer with submitting to about the inquiry of state.

Use if this equipment is current, notify the user can not eliminate this equipment (step 118) by the interface.If in replying this inquiry, return CR_REMOVED_VETOED indication, determine then that this equipment is current to use.In the example of disk drive.Can provide information to close this document and retry exchange after close file to the user.Otherwise, if this equipment then notifies the user can exchange (step 120) by the interface not using.If return be designated as CR_SUCCESS this equipment is not using.

Before this equipment of elimination, all devices of eliminating all devices node related with the device controller that will eliminate and controlled by this device controller in the configuration manager 20 slave unit node trees 50 wherein comprises this equipment (step 122) that will eliminate.This can finish with the CONFIGMG_Remove_SubTree service.As the consequence of this operation, from computer system 10, unloaded and relevant All Drives and the drive letter of eliminating of device node.For example, eliminate the device node of floppy disk and controller thereof and can eliminate their associated drive and drive letter, such as " a " driver.

If the equipment that is exchanging is subjected to same controller control, CD-ROM and hard drives such as all being subjected to the control of IDE controller then only need the device node except that this controller.Yet,, be necessary to eliminate the device node of two controllers if the equipment that is exchanging is subjected to different controller controls.Do not eliminate another equipment if insert new equipment, then need only eliminate the device node of the controller of this new equipment of control.

Eliminated after the device node, just disconnected the signal (step 124) that transmits between the equipment that to eliminate and its controller.Disconnect in order to carry out this signal, can be integrated into a circuit in the controller or be added to computer system 10 middle controllers and the equipment that will eliminate between.This signal disconnecting circuit can be such as switchgear, and it blocks controller and transmits with signal between the relevant device that will eliminate when disconnecting.The switch control response of signal disconnecting circuit can exchange the indication of this equipment.Though signal disconnects and be inessential, preferably comprise in order to avoid may damage to controller and the equipment that will eliminate.If the equipment of exchange is subjected to the control of different controllers, the signal of the controller of the equipment that also must disconnection will insert.If the equipment that inserts is not another equipment of exchange, the signal of the controller of the equipment that disconnection will be inserted also is necessary.

The signal that between off device and its controller, transmits, cut off the power supply (step 126) of the equipment of eliminating.In case signal has disconnected and this equipment cuts off the power supply, the user just can eliminate this equipment (step 128) from computer system 10.

As shown in Fig. 2 b, the user eliminates this equipment from computer system 10 after, just the user can insert new equipment (step 130).Before making this exchange, can provide computer system 10 to be ready for the indication of exchange to the user by the interface.

Before the new equipment power supply and reclosing the signal of disconnection, the user can provide the indication of inserting new equipment by the interface.As an alternative, can in computer system 10, comprise sensor circuit and come sensing or determine to have inserted new equipment, and the indication of inserting new equipment is provided.

Provided the indication of inserting new equipment, just also will reclose this new equipment (step 134) from the signal that above-mentioned controller disconnects to new equipment power supply (step 132).Respond this indication, configuration manager 20 instructs enumerator to enumerate or discern the controller (step 136) of this equipment that increases newly immediately.This enumerator is connected bus communication in the above with the controller of this new equipment.Enumerating available CONFIGMG_Reenumernt_DevNode system call finishes.By enumerating this controller again, locate the controller of new equipment and its device node is added to device node and set on 50 (step 138).If the equipment of exchange is to be subjected to different controller control, then also enumerate the controller of the equipment of elimination again.

After the device node with controller was added on the device node tree 50, also initialization was corresponding to the driver (step 140) of this controller.As discussed above, the device node of controller can comprise the information about the position of the driver of this controller.During the initialization of driver, the enumerator that the driver of this controller location is related with this controller, the latter enumerates this new equipment for being connected on this controller (step 142).As this result who enumerates, also will be added on the device node tree 50 (step 144) corresponding to the device node of this new equipment.As if had the device node of new equipment in the device node tree 50, this new equipment can be discerned and use to computer system 10 just, and this new equipment is install when guiding the same.

As discussed above, when when computer system 10 is being moved, inserting equipment, can not discern the equipment that has the driver that does not allow complete " plug and play " with initialization such as operating systems such as Windows 95 and 98.Otherwise, these drivers can only be in initialization just can enumerate equipment during corresponding driver, and this is only occurring during starting or installing operating system traditionally.Yet in the process of Fig. 2 a and 2b, the driver of controller and equipment unloads then and reinitializes, and this just allows even also can discern when computer system 10 is being moved or slept and the new installed device of initialization.

The process of the equipment that exists in the identification computer system 10 depends on the use of enumerator.Enumerator can be related with specific device node, such as the device node of bus or device controller.In addition, at least one enumerator is related with the root node of device node tree 50.Configuration manager 20 uses the enumerator related with the root node of device node tree 50 to begin this when starting and enumerates process.Yet no matter enumerator still is that child node is related with root node, father node, the process of enumerating is all carried out in the same manner.Fig. 3 illustrates the process flow diagram of enumerating process according to the invention.

At first, whether configuration manager 20 or the device driver determining apparatus node related with device node comprise related enumerator (step 210).If not, then this device node can not have any child node and enumerates with related equipment and call driver for it.Otherwise, comprise enumerator if configuration manager 20 or device driver are judged this device node, just call this enumerator (step 212).The device association of the search of the enumerator that calls then and corresponding equipment node or be subjected to any equipment (step 214) of its control.If located this equipment, just enumerator is searched for the item (step 216) corresponding to the equipment of this location in registration table 40.

If do not find the item corresponding to the equipment of location in registration table 40, the module that is called the equipment erector is set up one new (step 218) for the equipment of this location in registration table 40.In case for this equipment has been set up item, just to treat it with mode any other installation or that installed device was identical in the past.If find or newly set up,, sets on 50 (step 220) device node that enumerator will this item just being added to device node.The device node that is added to the equipment of the location on the device node tree 50 is to add as the child node to the device node of enumerator with the equipment that finds this location.For example, if the enumerator of the device node of IDE controller has been located hard drives, the device node of this hard drives will be set the child node adding of the device node of the IDE controller in 50 as device node.Enumerator also is somebody's turn to do the device driver (step 222) of the equipment of location according to the information Recognition in the device node, and uses this information to call this device driver (step 224).This process repeats oneself then.

Fig. 4 illustrates the block diagram of devices exchange device 70 according to the invention.Devices exchange device 70 can be used as software program, realizes such as hardware device such as programmable storage, firmware or processor or their certain combination.The part that devices exchange device 70 can be used as the computer systems such as computer system 10 shown in Fig. 1 adds.For example, if realize as software program, the devices exchange device can be loaded in the storer of computer system 10 when activating.

As shown in Figure 4, devices exchange device 70 comprises enquiry module 72, cancellation module 74, disconnection and supply module 76 and enumerates module 78.These modules can be loaded in the storer of computer system 10 when computer system 10 operations.In the operation, the user of the computer system 10 among Fig. 4 can make request with input equipment and exchange another equipment with the equipment 30 that is installed in the computer system 10.The enquiry module 72 of devices exchange device 70 is accepted this request, and its is judged that the equipment that will eliminate is current and whether just is being subjected to visit (step 116 of Fig. 2 a).If enquiry module 72 can not be eliminated (step 118 of Fig. 2 a) at this moment by notify current use of this equipment of user such as interfaces such as the monitors in the computer system 10.If not in visit, enquiry module 72 notifies the user can accept exchange (step 120 of Fig. 2 a).

Eliminate before this equipment, eliminate the device node and the correlation control unit (step 122 of Fig. 2 a) thereof of this equipment in the cancellation module 74 slave unit node trees 50.This elimination unloads the All Drives relevant with this equipment and controller and the drive letter of driver simultaneously.Except the abatement apparatus node, disconnection and supply module 76 signaling disconnecting circuit (not shown) disconnect the signal (step 124 of Fig. 2 a) that transmits between equipment that is eliminated and controller.Disconnect with supply module 76 and also cut off the power supply (step 126 of Fig. 2 a) of the equipment that is eliminated.

After the switching equipment, disconnect the indication of having inserted the equipment that increases newly, reclose the signal (step 132 of Fig. 2 b and 134) that transmits between the equipment of controller and increase to power devices that increases newly and signaling disconnecting circuit with supply module 76 receptions.The module 78 of enumerating that also receives the indication inserted the equipment that increases newly just locate the controller of the equipment that increases newly and the device node of this controller is added to device node and sets in 50 (step 136 of Fig. 2 b and 138).This controller can be the same or different controller of controller with the equipment of eliminating.The device driver that initialization is related with the device node of this controller also calls the enumerator related with this controller, and the latter locatees the equipment that increases newly and its device node is added to device node and sets on 50 (step 140 of Fig. 2 b, 142 and 144).At this moment, the remainder of computer system 10 can be visited the equipment that this increases newly fully.

The description above of preferred embodiment of the present invention has been proposed for example and illustrative purposes.This is not for limit of the present invention or be limited on the disclosed accurate mode, but according to top instruction or might carry out various modifications and remodeling from the practice of the present invention.This embodiment is for principle of the present invention being described and making person skilled in the art person utilize the present invention in various embodiments and the practical application of the various modifications of the specific use that is suitable for imagining and select and describe.Be intended to define this here by appended claim and their equivalent

Scope of invention.

Claims

1. enumerate first equipment that exists in the computer system and make this computer system can discern the method for this first equipment for one kind, this computer system has storer and use is stored in the operating system that this data structure in memory is set up the active configuration of computer system, this data structure has one or more device node corresponding to the equipment that exists in this computer system, and this method comprises the steps:

When operating, computer system provides the indication of this first equipment being inserted in the computer system to this operating system;

Respond this indication and enumerate first device controller that is used to control this first equipment;

What respond first device controller enumerates initialization first driver related with this first device controller;

With the location of first driver after this initialization enumerator related with this first device controller; And

Enumerate this first equipment with the enumerator of this location,

Wherein when this first driver of initialization, this first driver can only be located the enumerator related with first device controller.

2. contrast the process of claim 1 wherein that the step of enumerating first device controller comprises device node with this first device controller and is added to substep on this data structure.

3. according to the process of claim 1 wherein that the step of enumerating this first device controller comprises the substep of the device node of this first device controller of location in the device node table from the storer that is stored in computer system.

According to the process of claim 1 wherein the step of enumerating first equipment comprise from be stored in department of computer science around storer the device node table in the substep of device node of location first equipment.

5. according to the method for claim 4, the step of wherein enumerating first equipment also comprises device node with the location of this first equipment and is added to substep on this data structure.

6. according to the process of claim 1 wherein that the step of enumerating first equipment comprises device node with this first equipment and is added to substep on this data structure.

7. according to the method for claim 1, also comprise the steps:

After being connected to first equipment on the computer system to this first power devices; And turn on any data-signal that transmits between first equipment and first device controller.

8. according to the method for claim 1, before the step of first equipment of connection, also comprise the steps:

Determine current whether just second equipment in access computer systems;

From this data structure, remove corresponding to the device node of this second equipment and corresponding to the device node of the controller that is used to control this second equipment;

Be isolated in the transmission of any data-signal of transmitting between second equipment and second device controller from second device controller to second equipment; And

Close the power supply of second equipment.

9. according to the method for claim 8, wherein remove the substep that comprises the unloading All Drives related corresponding to the step of the device node of second equipment and second device controller with this second equipment and this second device controller.

10. according to the method for claim 8, wherein this first device controller and second device controller are same controllers.

11., comprise that also the data-signal of will isolate is switched to the step on first equipment according to the method for claim 8.

12. according to the process of claim 1 wherein that this first equipment is soft driver, hard drives, and one of CD-ROM drive.

13. according to the process of claim 1 wherein that this first device controller is one of IDE driver controller and soft driver controller.

14. according to the method for claim 8, wherein this second equipment is soft driver, hard drives, and one of CD-ROM drive.

15. according to the method for claim 8, wherein this second device controller is one of IDE driver controller and soft driver controller.

16. a computer program comprises:

Have and be used for enumerating first equipment that computer system exists and the computer-readable code modules that makes this computer system can discern this first equipment realized the medium that computing machine thereon can be used, this computer system has storer and use is stored in the operating system that this data structure in memory is set up the active configuration of computer system, this data structure has one or more device node corresponding to the equipment that exists in this computer system, and this computer program comprises:

First enumerates module, is used for enumerating first device controller that is used to control this first equipment after this computer operation is inserted first equipment in this computer system;

Initialization module, what be used to respond this first device controller enumerates initialization first driver related with this first device controller;

The steady arm module is used for initialized first driver identification enumerator related with this first device controller; And

Second enumerates module, and the enumerator that is used to this location related with this mat woven of fine bamboo strips one device controller is enumerated this first equipment,

Wherein this first driver can only be located the enumerator related with this first device controller when initialization first driver.

17. according to the computer program of claim 16, wherein this first is enumerated module and comprises the device node that is used for first device controller and be added to submodule on this data structure.

18. according to the computer program of claim 16, wherein this first is enumerated module and comprises the submodule that is used for the device node of this first device controller of location from the device node table of the storer that is stored in computer system.

19. according to the computer program of claim 16, wherein this second is enumerated module and comprises the submodule that is used for the device node of this first equipment of location from the device node table of the storer that is stored in computer system.

20. according to the computer program of claim 19, wherein this second is enumerated module and also comprises the device node that is used for the location of this first equipment and be added to submodule on this data structure.

21. according to the computer program of claim 16, wherein this second is enumerated module and comprises the device node that is used for this first equipment and be added to submodule on this data structure.

22. the computer program according to claim 16 also comprises:

Be used for after being connected to this first equipment on this computer system supply module to this first power devices; And

Be used to turn on the switch module of any data-signal that transmits between this first equipment and first device controller.

23. the computer program according to claim 16 also comprises:

Whether enquiry module is used for determining current just at second equipment of access computer systems;

Remove module, be used for eliminating corresponding to the device node of second equipment and corresponding to the device node of the controller of this second equipment of control from this data structure;

Isolation module is used to the transmission of any data-signal from second device controller to second equipment of transmitting between second equipment that is isolated in and second device controller;

Supply module is used to cut off the power supply of second equipment, makes this second equipment to be removed from computer system.

24. according to the computer program of claim 23, wherein this first device controller and second device controller are same controller.

25., comprise that also the data-signal that is used for isolating is switched to the switch module on first equipment according to the computer program of claim 23.

26. according to the computer program of claim 23, wherein this removing module comprises the submodule that is used to unload the All Drives related with second equipment and second device controller.

27. according to the computer program of claim 16, wherein this first equipment is soft driver, hard drives, and one of CD-ROM drive.

28. according to the computer program of claim 16, wherein this first device controller is one of IDE driver controller and soft driver controller.

29. according to the computer program of claim 23, wherein this second equipment is soft driver, hard drives, and one of CD-ROM drive.

30. according to the computer program of claim 23, wherein this second device controller is one of IDE driver controller and soft driver controller.

31. one kind is used for enumerating first equipment that computer system exists and makes this computer system can discern the computer system of this first equipment, this computer system has storer and use is stored in the operating system that this data structure in memory is set up the active configuration of this computer system, this data structure has one or more device node corresponding to the equipment that exists in this computer system, and this computer system comprises:

When computer system operation, provide first parts that first equipment inserted the indication in this computer system to operating system;

Respond this indication and enumerate second parts of first device controller that is used to control this first equipment;

Respond enumerating of first device controller, enumerate the 3rd parts of first driver related with this first device controller;

The 4th parts with initialized first driver location enumerator related with this first device controller; And

Enumerate the 5th parts of first equipment with the enumerator of this location;

Wherein when this first driver of initialization, this first driver can only be located the enumerator related with this first device controller.