CN1424591A - Adaptive variable-speed scanning laser imager - Google Patents
Adaptive variable-speed scanning laser imager Download PDFInfo
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- CN1424591A CN1424591A CN 02157696 CN02157696A CN1424591A CN 1424591 A CN1424591 A CN 1424591A CN 02157696 CN02157696 CN 02157696 CN 02157696 A CN02157696 A CN 02157696A CN 1424591 A CN1424591 A CN 1424591A
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Abstract
A laser imaging apparatus with self-adaptable speed change scanning is used to obtain 3-D image of a target and belongs to the technical field of observation and imaging to ground. The apparatus is mainly used in 3-D imaging of the ground target on the basis of the observation to ground with laser scanning, and also used in 3-D laser imaging of close target and tomographic scan. A close loop mainly achieves the speed change scanning of a scanning lens driven by a scanning motor, and the basis for the scanning is the condition of fluctuation of the ground target. Electrical signal, mechanical rotation, laser detection and the like links to achieve the close loop. The close loop consists of four components, they are the components of optical members and of laser detection.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention relates to a kind of device that obtains the target 3-D view, belong to the technical field of earth observation imaging.Be mainly used in also can be applicable to imaging of close-range target three-dimensional laser and tomoscan among the earth observation terrain object three-dimensional imaging based on scan laser.
Background technology:
Earth observation three-dimensional imaging technology takes the imaging of microwave synthetic aperture radar (SAR), optical imagery, laser imaging, stereoscopic photograph, imaging spectral etc. for main means usually, and is equipped with the GPS positioning system and attitude measuring is determined flying platform position and attitude.
Directly utilize high brightness, high directivity and coherence's laser to survey over the ground and carry out the laser direct imaging technology, can constitute earth observation laser direct imaging three dimension system.Adopt laser to do active irradiation, not only utilize laser ranging, the target reflection strength information that carries of exploring laser light echo also, target range and reflection strength and waveform character information by the exploring laser light echo-pulse carries can obtain high-resolution range data of each pixel of ground object target and gray scale picture.Can directly obtain the 3-dimensional image information of ground object target in conjunction with GPS and INS, and its image and three-dimensional coordinate mate fully, need not other ground control point.Further, can also reach Three-dimension Target identification and classification, realize high resolving power, high-level efficiency, accurately, initiatively, directly to the ground three-dimensional imaging.The laser remote sensing imaging can obtain very high spatial resolution, need not can obtain even high-resolution digital elevation figure by interpolative operation, and the efficient of information processing will be than higher.The laser remote sensing imaging is done active irradiation with laser, the active remote sensing mode is less be subjected to environment, weather, target light according to and the influence of contrast, can round-the-clock work, be particularly suitable for engineering and use and military surveillance.Growing along with laser instrument and Detection Techniques thereof, research in this respect is with use will be more and more widely.
The earth observation laser imaging is surveyed high development by airborne laser, and the developing history in surplus year of twenty or thirty is arranged, and following some survey of realization machine in early days is high, and precision is relatively poor.Developed into airborne scanning afterwards and survey height, this is development at present and the main flow of using, and has also carried out certain research in this respect, and has finished several tests or application system.Now nearly all airborne laser is surveyed the scanning probe mode that height+spectrum imaging system or airborne direct laser three-dimensional imaging system all take laser beam, the regular of motion control laser beam by plane tilting mirror, plane pendulum mirror, polygonal mirror etc. scanned and the exploring laser light echo over the ground, and scan mode has linear sweep and conical scanning etc.They mostly with diode pumping solid laser as the pulsed laser radiation source, require laser instrument to have very high pulse recurrence rate.
Under scan mode, if the repetition frequency of laser instrument is enough high, can realize very highdensity surface sample over the ground, generate the 3-D view of terrain object then by processing to laser echo signal, reach the purpose of earth observation scan laser imaging.
It is tens of to KHz more than 100 that present laser repetition rate reaches, and ground sampled point minimum at interval reaches below 1 meter, about 10 centimetres of range observation resolution, and airborne operation height great majority are at hundreds of rice, and individual other reaches more than 2000 meters.Exemplary systems has GLRS, SHOALS, AOL/ATM, RASCAL and the ABS system of the U.S., Canadian LARSEN 500, ALTM 1025 series, TopoSys, the ALS40 of Germany, Australian LADS and WRELADSII, and the China national 863 Program is supported linear and conical scanning two cover systems of ASLRIS.
The composition that general earth observation scan laser image-forming information obtains system as shown in Figure 1, scan laser imaging drive head unit 3 is under the control of system synchronization signal, the scanning mirror of laser instrument 2 output pulse lasers in the ray machine head 3, simultaneously, scan module drives coaxial with it scanning mirror and rotates, this scanning mirror is turned back the outgoing laser beam of laser instrument 2 and the directive terrain object, the retroreflection laser signal of terrain object is turned back to telescope through this scanning reflection mirror again, thereby the laser detector that is positioned on the telescope focus receives, by must range-to-go after handling etc. information and out of Memory.These information are at first delivered to data acquisition and treatment circuit 7, through delivering to storage and real time monitoring demonstration in data recording and the monitor 6 after handling.Guider 1 among the figure is installed in the aircraft cockpit, is used for aircraft navigation, guarantees according to relative straight course flight.Attitude measurement gyro 5 is used for obtaining the attitude of ray machine head 3, carries out attitude measurement by attitude measurement circuit 10, and attitude measurement gyro 5 and ray machine head 3 are connected and installed on the pedestal 4 together firmly.GPS receiver 9 and antenna 13 provide the 3 d space coordinate of ray machine head 3, and its data and attitude measurement data, laser measurement data are carried out aggregation process by data acquisition and treatment circuit 7 together.Whole driving circuit 8 provides the synchronous sequence and the various drive signal of total system.Power supply 12 and supply convertor 11 provide required various power supply by the power conversion to the working site to total system.
By research, can find out obviously that the scan laser imaging effect in the said system and the ground sampling interval of laser have very direct relation, sampling interval is more little, and then laser imaging effect is more good.And ground sampling interval size (size of reflection ground resolution) is inversely proportional to the pulse laser repetition rate, is directly proportional with the flying speed of sweep velocity and platform.At present, in order to reduce the ground sampling interval, need to improve the pulse laser repetition rate, reduce flying speed and sweep velocity.But, the pulse recurrence rate of laser instrument is subjected to the restriction of various technical conditions and is difficult to the high level that reaches desirable, and the reduction of sensor platform flying speed is also unrealistic, so, on the surface, need to reduce sweep velocity, still, the reduction of sweep velocity shows as at platform within the operation regular hour, the number of sweep trace tails off, cause the ground sampling interval of heading to increase, so, also be worthless.So, what way can obtain satisfied ground sampling interval by, be the scan laser imaging field technical issues that need to address always.
Can be obtained by the nyquist sampling law, sampled result can reflect truly that the sampling rate of target signature is that it is more than twice greater than object variations speed.So, obtain laser imaging effect preferably, will use appropriate sampling rate.The effect that too high sampling rate no doubt can obtain, but waste can be caused, also be difficult to sometimes realize.Cross the three-dimensional feature information of low sampling rate meeting lose objects.So the prediction processing of the fluctuating situation by is on a surface target adjusted sampling rate in real time and can be obtained laser imaging effect preferably under the situation of resource-constrained.Under the prerequisite certain in laser repetition rate, that flying speed is certain, the adaptively changing sweep speed will be to obtain the effective way of better three-dimensional imaging effect.
Summary of the invention:
From the above, in the imaging of earth observation scan laser, sampling with different laser scanning speed respectively in the ground that the situation that how to rise and fall on a surface target is different, makes that to do sampling more on the frequent ground that rises and falls, do sampling less at the rather level areas face be technical matters to be solved by this invention.Therefore, the purpose of invention is to provide the device of a kind of adaptive rate scan laser imaging, so that realize ground heterogeneous surface sample, to remedy the defective of isokinetic sampling in the current scanline laser imaging, to reach the purpose of obtaining the best laser imaging effect of terrain object.
The present invention is achieved in that at general earth observation scan laser image-forming information and obtains in the system that redesign ray machine head makes it to constitute adaptive rate scan laser imaging device of the present invention.The scan laser of conventional system at the uniform velocity carries out the sampling on ground, realizes by the rotation of the drive of the scan module in ray machine head scanning mirror with certain speed.In the present invention, scan module replaces with stepper motor, and its velocity of rotation is adjustable at any time, just variable speed scanning in real time.The control signal of variable speed scanning comes from the adaptive rate drive signal generation circuit, the control that the surface irregularity situation that this variable speed drives signal is provided by range observation and fluctuating situation prediction circuit predicts the outcome.Therefore, characteristics of the present invention are exactly: by the variable speed scanning of a closed loop realization scanning mirror, this closed loop is realized closed loop by electric signal, mechanical rotation, laser acquisition several links.This closed loop is made up of four parts, be respectively optics and laser acquisition part (a plurality of parts), variable-ratio stepper motor, range observation and fluctuating situation prediction circuit (comprising prediction algorithm), adaptive rate drive signal generation circuit, by their organic assembling, and combine with other parts in the system, finally realize the imaging of adaptive rate scan laser.
The present invention compared with the prior art, have outstanding substantive distinguishing features and marked improvement, the present invention uses stepper motor to replace existing scan module, driving coaxial with it scanning mirror by the controlled scanning stepper motor of speed rotates, this scanning mirror is turned back the outgoing laser beam of laser instrument and the directive terrain object, the retroreflection laser signal of terrain object is turned back to telescope through this scanning reflection mirror again, thereby the laser detector that is positioned on the telescope focus receives, by must range-to-go after handling etc. information; Several such range informations before a moment are handled, can be made the prediction to following terrain object fluctuating situation, this just predicts the outcome as the controlled variable of the sweep speed of the subsequent point of a scan line or next scan line; Closed-loop control by this parameter, the slewing rate of stepper motor will be adjusted, the realization speed change is rotated, realize the variable speed scanning of scanning mirror by closed loop, and finally realize the imaging of adaptive rate scan laser, make under the constant situation of laser repetition rate, intensive sampling is carried out in big rise and fall zone, ground, inswept fast to the zone that surface irregularity is less, its equivalent sweep speed does not have bigger variation, but actual three-dimensional laser imaging effect has obtained tangible improvement.
Description of drawings:
Fig. 1 is that existing scan laser image-forming information obtains the block diagram of system.
Fig. 2 is a scan laser imaging drive head unit structural representation of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is range observation and the fluctuating situation prediction circuit block diagram in the ray machine head of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the process flow diagram of the prediction processing program that the prediction and calculation circuit adopts among Fig. 3 of the present invention.
Fig. 5 be in the prediction algorithm among Fig. 4 of the present invention the current point of surface sample and the m before it and n order concern synoptic diagram.
Fig. 6 is the adaptive rate drive signal generation circuit in the ray machine head of the present invention.
Embodiment:
Provide better embodiment of the present invention according to Fig. 2～Fig. 6 below.See also shown in Figure 2ly, the ray machine head 3 among the present invention places among the system shown in Figure 1, constitutes the scan laser image-forming information with other parts and obtains system, and it is installed on the mounting base 4 of flying platform.
As shown in Figure 2, ray machine head 3 receives laser instrument 2 emitted laser bundles, and is divided into sampling laser beam and exploring laser light bundle by one beam splitting chip 32.Wherein, this sampling laser beam is launched the input end of laser sample-pulse signal to range observation and fluctuating situation prediction circuit 38 through output terminal 331 outputs of Laser emission sampler 33; And this exploring laser light Shu Ze is via the laser alignment mirror 34 that connects with light path successively, block prism 35, the scanning mirror 36 of scanning terrain object 14, the primary mirror 371 of telescope 37, the secondary mirror 372 of telescope 37, form the retroreflection laser signal of terrain object 14 and import return laser beam detection and treatment circuit 37 ' with laser detector 373 backs on the focus that is positioned at telescope 37, again by its output terminal 371 ' another input end feed-in return laser beam pulse signal to this range observation and fluctuating situation prediction circuit 38, afterwards, by this range observation and fluctuating situation prediction circuit 38 to adaptive rate drive signal generation circuit 39 feed-in 8bits rate variation exponential signals, provide drive signal by it to variable-ratio scanning stepper motor 31 at last, make it to become the scanning mirror 36 adaptive rates scanning of coaxial connection, realize the adaptive rate scan laser imaging of system with it.Among Fig. 2, can see also that the input end of range observation and fluctuating situation prediction circuit 38 also is connected a manual intervention information input part 38 ', and have a synchronization encoders 30 to be connected with this variable-ratio scanning stepper motor 31.
Put it briefly, variable speed scanning stepper motor 31 is the execution units among the present invention again, is the topworks of adaptive rate scanning, and it drives coaxial with it scanning mirror 36 and rotates, and can select common stepper motor to realize.The selection of its carrying load ability is by the moment of inertia and the staring torque decision of scanning mirror; The selection of its slewing rate is by the laser scanning speed decision to ground; The selection of stepped intervals is decided the requirement of minimum scanning sample interval by system.For example, if requiring sweep velocity is per second 60 row, the scanning sample interval requires then to require the stepper motor minimum step to be spaced apart 0.63mrad (0.036 °) for 0.63mrad, the scan module rotating speed is 60 revolutions per seconds, and requiring this moment the frequency of driving pulse is provided is 600kHz.Changing sweep speed is exactly the frequency that changes driving pulse, this stepper motor 31 is applied inverter drive signal just can realize variable speed scanning, and this inverter drive signal is provided by adaptive rate drive signal generation circuit 39 involved in the present invention.
Range observation and fluctuating situation prediction circuit block diagram are seen Fig. 3.At first, respectively Laser emission sampler 33 and return laser beam detection are carried out level and phase tranformation with the pulse that treatment circuit 37 ' is sent here by main wave impulse translation circuit 381 and echo-pulse translation circuit 382, then, they enter range gate generative circuit 383 together and generate range gate, and this gate signal is delivered in the range observation circuit 385.In range observation circuit 385,250MHz oscillation pulse signal by clock oscillator 384 inputs carries out count measurement to this gatewidth, simultaneously, utilize the scores accumulated method to do more precision measurement, its common measurement result is exactly the time delay between main ripple of emission and the return laser beam, can be converted into the distance of target.This range data will be delivered in the range data buffer 386, and this buffer 386 is RAM storeies, all data of the some scan lines before the buffer memory current sampling point, and its quantity what should satisfy the quantitative requirement of prediction processing circuit.Meanwhile, prediction processing single-chip microcomputer 387 is under programmed control, some range data are handled before calling, by former each range data is extrapolated the fluctuating situation on ground, predict the surface irregularity situation of back then, and then provide next step sweep speed variability index, deliver to the adaptive rate drive signal generation circuit 39 among Fig. 2.The rate variation index is 8 bits, at this moment rate variation can be divided into 256 grades.
The prediction processing circuit is realized by digital signal processing single-chip microcomputer (TMS320C30-DSP) 387.Predictor 100 process flow diagrams as shown in Figure 4, its Data Source is a range data buffer 406.Basic skills is: choose the range data (step 102) that n is ordered before the m point range data (step 101), current time column (along the rail direction) of this scan line before the current time, the ground point across of this two parts data correspondence is arranged, intersect at current point, reflecting current some surface irregularity situation on every side substantially.Calculate surface irregularity situation (step 103) before this again, the surface irregularity situation is exactly spatial frequency and the amplitude that floor level rises and falls.By they are carried out linear prediction computing (step 107), can know current sampling spot surface irregularity situation on every side by inference.Then, provide the variability index of a surface irregularity situation, this index will be delivered to the adaptive rate drive signal generation circuit as the foundation of speed Control signal rate adjustment.So, the sampling sweep speed of the neighbour point of the same row of the subsequent point of one's own profession and follow up scan row will be controlled according to prediction result.In forecasting process, in order to control precision of prediction, the very important point is the error (step 108 that needs to calculate between the result who predicted the outcome last time and measured, 104,105), generate sample points control word m and n, as the foundation (step 106) of current selection forecast sample point number.Forecast sample point number is exactly before this number n of ground point range data in the number m of the ground point range data of scanning before the expert current point and the current some column, and m and n affect predicated error.The relation that the current point of prediction algorithm and the m before it and n are ordered as shown in Figure 5.
The composition of adaptive rate drive signal generation circuit 39 is seen Fig. 6.It accepts the 8bits rate variation exponent data that range observation and fluctuating situation prediction circuit 38 are sent here, delivers to rate variation index latch 390 and latchs.But these data are added to the end that presets of preset count frequency divider 392, change frequency dividing ratio to the output signal frequency of oscillatory circuit 391 with this.Because the change of frequency dividing ratio changes with the integer rule of 1-256, the frequency conversion of frequency division output is partitioned into multiple and changes, so, need frequency variation signal combiner circuit 393 of utilization that the signal behind the frequency division and the signal of frequency division are not synthesized according to certain rule, make frequency change carry out according to the equal difference rule.Thereby, the output pulse frequency of frequency variation signal combiner circuit 393 can uniformly-spaced change, this output signal is through after the polyphase signa generative circuit 394, and the frequency variation signal of exporting several (deciding according to stepper motor 31 requirements) outs of phase is to frequency conversion drive amplifying circuit 395.This circuit 395 carries out power amplification with signal and improves its driving force afterwards and give stepper motor 31.Because the drive signal of stepper motor 31 is train of impulses, its recurrent interval size is determining slewing rate, so the key that is used for the driving signal frequency control circuit of drive stepping motor is exactly to change the recurrent interval fully in real time.This circuit realizes that by the frequency dividing circuit that can preset frequency dividing ratio frequency dividing ratio is exactly the rate variation index that prime is sent here.Because the burst frequencies of oscillatory circuit output is higher, be about tens of times of motor 31 actual required frequencies, its time interval is littler a lot of times than the minimum interval of stepper motor 31 drive signals.At this moment, after the rate variation index is sent here, just can change the time interval between a current output pulse of driving signal frequency control circuit and the last pulse immediately, the output variable speed control signal.
Claims (4)
1, a kind of adaptive rate scan laser imaging device, comprise the ray machine head (3) on the mounting base that is installed in flying platform, it contains the beam splitting chip (32) that a laser beam with laser instrument (2) emission light inlet drive head unit (3) is divided into sampling laser beam and exploring laser light bundle, and this sampling laser beam forms emission laser sample-pulse signal after a Laser emission sampler (33); Behind the scanning mirror (36) and telescope (37) of this exploring laser light bundle via the laser alignment mirror (34) that connects with light path successively, block prism (35), scanning terrain object (14), form the retroreflection laser signal of terrain object (14), survey and treatment circuit (37 ') output echo pulse signal through a return laser beam again; It is characterized in that:
A. also have one to become a variable-ratio of coaxial connection to scan stepper motor (31) with the scanning mirror (36) of this scanning terrain object (14);
B. be provided with the range observation and the fluctuating situation prediction circuit (38) of a described emission laser sample-pulse signal of reception and echo pulse signal, its output speed variability index signal is after an adaptive rate drive signal generation circuit (39) forms a closed loop structure with this variable-ratio scanning stepper motor (31) with electricity-machine connection.
2, adaptive rate scan laser imaging device according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described range observation and fluctuating situation prediction circuit (38) comprise main wave impulse translation circuit (381) and the echo-pulse translation circuit (382) of accepting described emission laser sample-pulse signal and echo pulse signal respectively, and after connect the range gate generative circuit (383) that they also generate the range gate signal; This range gate generative circuit (383) is connected with a range observation circuit (385) respectively with a clock oscillator (384) and exports terrain object (14) range data signal, this range data signal is sent into a range data buffer (386) that connects and form the closed loop circuit structure successively with circuit, the prediction processing single-chip microcomputer (387) and an address control unit (388) of operation predictor (100), and by this prediction processing single-chip microcomputer (38) output speed variability index signal.
3, adaptive rate scan laser imaging device according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that said rate variation exponential signal, and its length is 8bit.
4, adaptive rate scan laser imaging device according to claim 1, it is characterized in that said adaptive rate drive signal generation circuit (39) comprises the rate variation index latch (390) of acceptance from the rate variation exponential signal of described range observation and fluctuating situation prediction circuit (38) output, this latch (390) with an oscillatory circuit (391) but be connected respectively a preset count mark frequently device (392) preset end and clock signal input terminal, connect a frequency variation signal combiner circuit (393) that connects with circuit successively behind its output terminal, an one polyphase signa generative circuit (394) and a frequency conversion drive amplifying circuit (395), this oscillatory circuit (391) also connects this frequency variation signal combiner circuit (393).
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| CN 02157696 CN1273841C (en) | 2002-12-24 | 2002-12-24 | Adaptive variable-speed scanning laser imager |
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| CN100337122C (en) * | 2005-03-25 | 2007-09-12 | 浙江大学 | Pulse modulation type three-dimensional image-forming method and system containing no scanning device |
| CN100417915C (en) * | 2004-05-18 | 2008-09-10 | 浙江大学 | Scanner-free imaging range finding method and its range finder |
| CN100429525C (en) * | 2004-08-31 | 2008-10-29 | 阿尔卡特公司 | Variable resolution and/or field of view using optical aperture synthesis remote sensing instrument |
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| CN102508258A (en) * | 2011-11-29 | 2012-06-20 | 中国电子科技集团公司第二十七研究所 | Three-dimensional imaging laser radar for obtaining surveying and mapping information |
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