CN1480682A - Automatic regulating system for combustion process of circulating fluid bed in boiler - Google Patents
Automatic regulating system for combustion process of circulating fluid bed in boiler Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
An automatic regulation system for the combustion of circulating fluidized-bed boiler (CFBB) features that it has several regulation loops for the discharged cinder quantity, primary blowing rate, supplied coal quantity, secondary blowing rate and draught air volume, which are based on the coordination between fluidizing, combustion and heat exchange, the expert system, fuzzy control and composite cascaded PI regulation are combined, and the protecting tactics such as override protection, output restriction and lock distribution choosing and tracking are used.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of system that the industrial process of solid fuel and air reaction burning is automatically adjusted, refer to a kind of automatic regulating system of burning in circulating fluid bed boiler especially.
Background technology
CFBB (CFBB) combustion technology is a coal combustion technology that grows up over nearly 20 years.Outstanding advantages such as it has that fuel tolerance is wide, efficiency of combustion is high, environmental protection (discharged nitrous oxides is low, desulfurization), load regulation rate is big and Load Regulation is fast.
Usually, CFBB comprises parts such as aerofoil, burner hearth, separator, material-returning device, feeder, superheater, water-cooling wall, air-introduced machine, primary air fan, overfire air fan, high pressure positive blower drum, and wherein burner hearth has coal supply import, lime stone charging aperture, wind inlet, secondary wind inlet, slag-drip opening, returning charge mouth etc.During burning in circulating fluid bed boiler, the bed of a relative fixed height is arranged in the burner hearth, claim emulsion zone.Enter the initiate fuel of having of bed, circulation returning charge and bed material, be in operation and keep suitable thickness of bed layer (800mm～1500mm) and bed temperature (850 ℃～1000 ℃), one time wind blows into burner hearth from burner hearth bottom through moving aerofoil, in the bed flammable material (coal) some begin herein and a wind catalytic combustion, thin relatively high-temperature particle is risen mobile by a wind in the bed simultaneously, fluidisation, the flammable material of part is along with rising with a wind, contact, reaction, burning, the deficiency in draught that relative wind of fuel quantity provides, for further burning and heat exchange will add secondary wind at suitable furnace height, secondary wind is supplied the air quantity that flammable material burning needs in the fluidisation material, increase fuel contacts with air quantity, add the strong convection material simultaneously and mix, increase the heat transfer process coefficient.The Dual-Phrase Distribution of Gas olid of leaving furnace outlet separates through separator, and flue gas enters exhaust gases passes, and solid particle returns burner hearth as returning charge, forms ciculation fluidized.The boiler oil burning produces flue gas and solid particle, the heat transferred boiler circuit of generation, and the saturated vapor in the drum forms the superheated steam of qualified pressure and temperature through superheater, attemperator, and steam is collected to the female pipe of steam, resupplies load equipment and uses.
The basic task of burning regulation and control system is the needs that heat that fuel is produced can adapt to load, also will guarantee the safety and economic operation of boiler simultaneously.In combustion process, the variation of load and coal is topmost external disturbance, in general, regulation and control system externally disturbance will be pressed the suitable scope that is stabilized in main vapour pressure, main stripping temperature, bed temperature, oxygen content, combustion chamber draft and bed down, keep suitable coal-air ratio, primary and secondary air ratio, combustion chamber draft, ash concentration and furnace outlet temperature, realize energy balance, material balance and momentum balance, guarantee the safe and economical boiler operation.The optimal value of these parameters (protecting most economical burning) is mostly relevant with load, can determine by the polygronal function of load.
Because in boiler hearth of circulating fluidized bed, carrying out Flow of Goods and Materials, burning, heat exchange simultaneously.Thereby the control characteristic in the CFBB be a large time delay, close coupling, the time nonlinear system that becomes.Close coupling shows: a controlled variable is subjected to the common influence of several adjusting parameters simultaneously, will be subjected to coal-supplying amount, lime stone quantity delivered as bed temperature, a plurality of parameter controls such as primary air flow, returning charge amount and bed drain purge; Simultaneously, regulating parameter for one influences a plurality of controlled variables again, not only influences main vapour pressure as coal-supplying amount, also influences bed temperature, fire box temperature, excess air system and SO
2Parameters such as content.The large time delay key reaction is in burning and heat transfer process, and fuel and air catalytic combustion need considerable time up to burning, and the while relates to factor in heat transfer process and link is many, and the capacity of link is big, causes the heat exchange large time delay.The time non-linear table that becomes present: to use under different coals, the different load its stove internal combustion and heat transfer process difference very big as CFBB, and corresponding first and second air quantity distributes, the wind coal distributes also different with ash concentration.As, primary air ratio is lower when using the anthracite of low-volatile, and primary air ratio is higher when using the bituminous coal of high-volatile.Equally, the ratio of same coal its primary and secondary air under different load also can be different.Be difficult to set up Mathematical Modeling and transfer function on the scientific and technological level at present.
Tradition burning in circulating fluid bed boiler control strategy adopts a controlled variable of adjusting parameter control or unilateral method such as controlled variable of two adjusting parameter control to control to adjust, as " adjusting load with coal-supplying amount; ", cause automatic adjusting under subrange, stable environment, to move like this to adjust bed temperature to air quantity.If outer disturbance such as load or coal or equipment changes, when disturbance had bigger variations in the important operational factor etc., stability, rapidity, accuracy can not satisfy the on-the-spot actual requirement that moves, cause automatic adjusting can not be for a long time, stablize, the safety economy input.The loop of simultaneously original regulating system is also relatively more disorderly, causes the starting point of problem analysis, emphasis point deviation to occur.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention provides a kind of burning in circulating fluid bed boiler automatic regulating system, input operation with closed ring that can be whole, continuous and stable.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the invention provides a kind of burning in circulating fluid bed boiler automatic regulating system, comprise bed drain purge regulating loop, primary air flow regulating loop, coal supply regulating loop, secondary air flow regulating loop, and air inducing amount regulating loop, described each regulating loop adopts network hierarchy artificial intelligence structure, include the input processing section, regulate control section and output processing part branch, wherein
The input processing section of described each regulating loop is according to main steam flow amount, bed is pressed, bed temperature, main vapour pressure, oxygen content, the measuring-signal of combustion chamber draft and furnace outlet temperature obtains main steam flow amount respectively, bed is pressed, bed temperature, main vapour pressure, oxygen content, combustion chamber draft and furnace outlet temperature signal, obtain burner hearth ash concentration signal according to differential pressure measurement signal about the burner hearth, obtain wind total amount signal one time according to wind flow or main air intake aperture and wind pressure measurement signal, obtain secondary wind total amount signal according to secondary air flow or secondary air register aperture and wind pressure measurement signal, obtain the total blast volume signal according to wind total blast volume signal and secondary wind total blast volume signal sum, obtain the drum pressure signal according to the drum pressure measuring-signal, then described drum pressure signal is carried out differential and is multiplied by the drum capacity coefficient, obtain the boiler heat signal with main steam flow amount signal plus again, and go out corresponding bed pressure set-point by main steam flow amount calculated signals, the main vapour pressure set-point, the bed temperature set-point, oxygen amount set-point, the furnace pressure set-point;
The deviation signal that the adjusting control section of described bed drain purge regulating loop presses signal and bed to press set-point to generate according to described bed, and the bed temperature signal operation obtains total bed drain purge instruction, the set-point of the total bed drain purge feedback control loop that divides as output processing part outputs a control signal to corresponding executing agency from this control loop then;
The adjusting control section of described primary air flow regulating loop is according to the deviation signal of described main vapour pressure signal and the generation of main vapour pressure set-point, and boiler heat sets of signals becomes heat demand signal, deviation signal according to bed temperature signal and the generation of bed temperature set-point, and burner hearth ash concentration signal is formed heat transmission signal, above-mentioned heat demand signal and heat transmit signal and generate deviation signal, press the corrected signal sum operation of signal composition to obtain a wind total blast volume instruction again and according to bed temperature and bed, the set-point of a wind total blast volume feedback control loop that divides as output processing part outputs a control signal to corresponding executing agency from this control loop then;
The adjusting control section of described coal-supplying amount regulating loop is according to the deviation signal of main vapour pressure signal and the generation of main vapour pressure set-point, and boiler heat sets of signals becomes heat demand signal, divided by the ature of coal combustion heat value of setting, obtain coal amount desired signal, deviation signal according to oxygen amount signal and the generation of oxygen amount set-point, and bed temperature, bed is pressed sets of signals coal-forming amount corrected signal, behind the coal-air ratio of a wind total blast volume signal divided by setting, common computing obtains total coal-supplying amount instruction with above-mentioned two composition signals, the set-point of the coal-supplying amount feedback control loop that divides as output processing part outputs a control signal to corresponding executing agency from this control loop then;
The adjusting control section of described secondary air flow regulating loop is according to the deviation signal of described main vapour pressure signal and the generation of main vapour pressure set-point, and boiler heat sets of signals becomes the air quantity desired signal, deviation signal according to oxygen amount signal and the generation of oxygen amount set-point, and total coal-supplying amount feedback multiply by the signal composition secondary air flow corrected signal that the secondary coal-air ratio obtains, the input signal that obtains according to furnace outlet temperature and ash concentration signal and above two form the common computing of signal and obtain the instruction of secondary wind total blast volume, the set-point of the secondary wind total blast volume feedback control loop that divides as output processing part outputs a control signal to corresponding executing agency from this control loop then;
The deviation signal that the adjusting control section of described air inducing amount regulating loop generates according to described combustion chamber draft signal and combustion chamber draft set-point, and the total blast volume signal operation obtains the instruction of air inducing total blast volume, and output to corresponding executing agency through the output processing part branch.
In sum, the present invention is directed to the multivariable of CFBB, close coupling, inertia is big, nonlinear feature, taken into full account the coordination of processes such as CFBB (CFBB) combustion system flows, burning, heat exchange, also taken all factors into consideration influencing each other between system's regulated variable simultaneously, influencing each other between the regulated quantity, influencing each other between regulated variable and the regulated quantity.Each loop is all taken all factors into consideration at multivariable; regulating control strategy adopts expert system, fuzzy control, compound tandem PI to regulate the mode that combines and finish; the middle protection strategies such as override protection, export-restriction, output locking that adopt are realized manually-operated thought; transfer, have a look at.These strategies have made full use of the accuracy of PI and the rapidity of advanced control.Make the input operation with closed ring that automatic regulating system can be whole, continuous and stable, and have higher rapidity and accuracy.
Description of drawings
Figure 1A, 1B, 1C are respectively the control flow schematic diagrames (SAMA figure) that input processing section, adjusting control section, the output processing part of embodiment of the invention bed drain purge regulating loop divided;
Fig. 2 A, 2B are the SAMA figure of embodiment of the invention primary air flow regulating loop input processing section;
Fig. 2 C is the SAMA figure that embodiment of the invention primary air flow regulating loop is regulated control section;
Fig. 2 D is the SAMA figure that embodiment of the invention primary air flow regulating loop output processing part is divided;
Fig. 3 A, 3B, 3C are respectively the SAMA figure that input processing section, adjusting control section, the output processing part of embodiment of the invention coal-supplying amount regulating loop divided;
Fig. 4 A, 4B, 4C are respectively the SAMA figure that input processing section, adjusting control section, the output processing part of embodiment of the invention secondary air flow regulating loop divided;
Fig. 5 A, 5B, 5C are respectively the SAMA figure that input processing section, adjusting control section, the output processing part of embodiment of the invention air inducing amount regulating loop divided; And
Fig. 6 is according to the automatic adjustment curve figure of the burning of the embodiment of the invention.
The specific embodiment
When regulating at the scene, when a regulated variable change,, regulate one or several regulated quantity from the angle of system and realize regulating, be difficult to when regulating judge which regulated variable accounts for main positions because regulated variable is coupled.Therefore in the present invention, changing is the practice of control loop name and main focus in the past with the regulated variable, and taking with the regulated quantity is control loop name and main focus, to satisfy field adjustment requirement and match operation custom.In view of the above, automatic combustion regulating system of the present invention comprises: deslagging regulating loop, primary air flow regulating loop, coal supply regulating loop, secondary air flow regulating loop, and air inducing amount regulating loop.For complexity and the diversity that adapts to technical process, solve the difficulty of regulating control variables, it is many that each scheme relates to variable.But the basic point of departure of each loop design is a Based Quality keeps weighing apparatus, energy conservation and momentum and keeps weighing apparatus.
The present invention adopts network hierarchy artificial intelligence structure, and each regulating loop is divided into three layers: input processing section (signal is handled, protected and reports to the police), system regulates control section, and output processing part branch (carry out and handle, protect and report to the police).The principle that each loop input, output processing part are divided is roughly close.Below with reference to accompanying drawings each regulating loop is elaborated.For each loop identical functions module, general is illustrated in a loop.
Above-mentioned each regulating loop all system of computerizeing control is realized, as the DCS system, obtain the measuring-signal of each regulating loop by the computer interface sampling, burning in circulating fluid bed boiler automatic regulating system of the present invention is handled, and the digital controlled signal that will obtain at last exports on-the-spot executing agency to after being converted to analog signal again.PI among the embodiment, various transfer function, filtering, adder, multiplier, carefree handover module, fuzzy controller and soft manual operation device or the like module all is parts commonly used in the numerical control system, its adjusting and adjust also very convenient.
The control of deslagging regulating loop
Bed drain purge directly has influence on the material balance and the bed temperature of bed, and this loop significant feature is by regulating bed drain purge to keep the bed material balance, keeping a stable thermal source.
Shown in Figure 1A, in the input processing section of bed drain purge regulating loop, after the main steam flow of two measuring points measures value filtering removal noise, send into flow temperature and pressure compensation device, the main vapour pressure of comprehensive same measuring point, main stripping temperature signal carry out temperature and pressure compensation, and then get average and obtain main steam flow amount signal (load).And bed presses signal (reaction bed height) to be pressed measured value to carry out filtering, got average and obtain by the emulsion zone bed of two different measuring points.The bed temperature signal by the bed temperature measured value of N difference through filtering, get average and obtain.Bed is pressed set-point then the above-mentioned main steam flow amount signal that obtains to be carried out the polygronal function computing and is obtained.
The filtering link is carried out after also can being placed on and getting average again, and its effect is the same.And when the measuring point of equipment is not two, get all just passable equally.Also can adopt method such as get big value, get the small value according to actual conditions.
In order to try to avert accidents or accident expansion.Present embodiment all is provided with a comparator and comes more filtered signal and primary signal after to signal filtering, and under normal circumstances, both differences are little, and under failure conditions such as dropout, both differences can surpass the scope of setting.At this moment the road signal input excision that will break down of system is also reported to the police, and changes into directly with another road input signal output (no longer getting average).Certainly when the filtering link is rearmounted, must adopt other judging means to come detection alarm.
And the main steam flow amount signal, the bed that obtain are pressed signals such as signal, bed temperature signal, all compare with the alarming value that is provided with on a comparator, as go beyond the scope and just carry out technology and report to the police, technology is reported to the police and is adopted two-stage to report to the police, the one-level alarm, the secondary actuation of an alarm.Signal alarms such as the total blast volume in other regulating loop input processing section, combustion chamber draft, oxygen amount, main vapour pressure, drum pressure, burner hearth ash concentration, primary air flow, blast, wind-warm syndrome, furnace outlet temperature, secondary air flow, secondary blast, secondary air temperature all are the same with the technology type of alarm, just narrate no longer one by one in other regulating loop.
Because the physical quantity of energy accurate response payload should be the quality of steam, the quality of steam can't directly be measured, can only reflect by main steam flow amount, and under different temperature and pressures the density difference of steam, therefore utilize the main vapour pressure and the main stripping temperature of same measuring point, can obtain more suitably main steam flow amount (load) signal after main steam flow amount signal is proofreaied and correct.With high pressure (the 10-160 kgf/centimetre
2) the main steam flow amount compensation formula of high temperature (300-500 ℃) boiler is example, F11 wherein (z) (Fn () among the figure represents corresponding function) computing formula is as follows for x, y:
In the formula, FS: main steam flow amount (unit: T/H); K: orifice coefficient; T: main stripping temperature (unit: ℃); Δ P: main steam flow transmitter differential pressure value (unit: kgf/centimetre
2); P: the main vapour pressure value (unit: kgf/centimetre
2).
Shown in Figure 1B, in regulating control section, bed presses signal and bed to press a set-point signal to send into together that PI compares, computing, exports the set-point of total bed drain purge, and this PI has the restriction of output area.In order to improve the reaction governing speed that the deslagging regulating loop changes bed temperature, the present invention sends into bed temperature signal and its differential signal the feedforward input of PI, can adopt differentiator (or PI) as feedforward controller on the engineering, and present embodiment has adopted the better two-dimensional fuzzy controller of robustness.Fuzzy control be a kind of be the intelligence control method that instructs with the knowledge engineering, need not to know the data model of controlled device, have the mode of making a strategic decision flexibly and adaptability to changes aspect high complexity uncertain handling.The input of present embodiment two-dimensional fuzzy controller is the differential signal of bed temperature signal and bed temperature, following table is a fuzzy control table that obtains according to engineering practice, by inquiry, with of the final output of the pairing control output valve of present Fuzzy controller input variable quantized value as fuzzy logic controller.After bed temperature signal, bed temperature differential signal and fuzzy controller output signal, all established a multiplier among the figure, be used to multiply by certain and set coefficient.F
13(x，Δx)：
Present embodiment also has been connected in series PI output and has changed limiting module, PI output latch-up protection module behind pi regulator.Wherein PI output changes the step-length that limiting module is used for the restricting signal variation, and the excursion of PI output valve in the unit interval done a constraint, and rapid variation is finished step by step, and this mainly is to be avoided producing unnecessary disturbance.
PI output latch-up protection module then is when the variation of the conditioning signal of input PI surmounts a certain critical value; the output of this module is forced to currency no longer to be changed; this is under the situation that is mutually related between a plurality of regulated quantitys and the regulated variable, sets up the constraints between each regulated quantity, the regulated variable.After having surpassed a setting value at bed temperature; need to increase bed drain purge and reduce bed temperature; if this moment is because bed presses the effect of deviation signal stronger; when the instruction of total bed drain purge is constantly reduced, just need total bed drain purge instruction of its output be forced to currency and no longer change (by the computer logic realization) by output latch-up protection module.
In addition, for when the technology warning takes place, the analog manual operation carries out rapid adjustment significantly to regulated quantity, and the present invention has adopted the mode of override protection.As shown in the figure; before total bed drain purge instruction outputs to the output processing part branch; be provided with protection of bed temperature override or bed and press the override protection; after receiving bed temperature (technology is reported to the police and is numbered 10) or bed pressure (technology is reported to the police and is numbered 13) technology alarm signal; according to the override protection curve of setting; first; to export again after input signal and the corrected signal addition in the second adder; for example; when bed presses (bed height) to surpass the warning of lower limit generation technology; need reduce bed drain purge rapidly so that bed voltage rise height; at this moment can set: first execution cycle in regulating system reduces 20% (realizing by opposite polarity corrected signal and input signal addition) with its current output valve; at second execution cycle its current output valve being reduced 15% again, is 10% then; 5% or the like.What obtain from the output of second adder is total bed drain purge instruction of present embodiment.
Although each module can increase and decrease and conversion as required, the basic function that this adjusting control section will be finished is a deviation signal of pressing signal and bed to press set-point to generate according to bed, and the bed temperature signal carries out computing, obtains and export total bed drain purge command signal.
Shown in Fig. 1 C, the total bed drain purge instruction during output processing part is divided attracts from regulating control section, and total bed drain purge feedback signal obtains through rotating speed-bed drain purge conversion, after getting total value according to the rotating speed measured value of each slag extractor.Total bed drain purge instruction and value of feedback send into together that PI deviation end compares, computing, formation single device output order (instruction when promptly having only an executing agency).Present embodiment has two slag extractors, therefore needs to instruct the output of carrying out two executing agencies to distribute (generally all being mean allocation) to single device.
Also be provided with a bed drain purge-transformation of speed module (its conversion coefficient is the inverse of conversion-bed drain purge conversion coefficient) in each single device loop, the bed drain purge signal that this module is used for distributing is converted to the speed controling signal of slag extractor, this link also can be comprehensively in the PI of output processing part branch, but after independent, operating personnel can directly change the coefficient of this conversion, realize non-linear adjusting easily, to offset executing agency's effect of nonlinear to a certain extent to control variables.Simultaneously, because the operating mode of two slag extractors may be different, promptly same given signal is obtained different bed drain purges, at this moment also can be by changing this conversion coefficient or setovering (as the input speed instruction is amplified 10%), increase the rotary speed instruction value of the less slag extractor of deslagging, make the bed drain purge equilibrium.
Obtain the rotary speed instruction of every slag extractor through bed drain purge-transformation of speed, output to the soft manual operation device through the unperturbed handover module, the rotating speed frequency converter of slag extractor (as output to) of slag extractor is regulated in the output of soft manual operation device again, increase or reduce bed drain purge, with the material balance of keeping bed and stable thermal source.
The soft manual operation device is a kind of manual automatic switchover control module of the hard manual operator of simulated field in computer, mainly is that operating personnel carry out manual adjustments in the control room for convenience.Soft manual operation device in the present embodiment also has functions such as locking, output area restriction except that having the function that manauto is switched and manually setting is exported, and can manually increase and decrease its setting value, to play the effect of protection actuator.When automatic, export given automatically by system, when manual, then by manually given.
Present embodiment is provided with the unperturbed handover module between soft manual operation device and bed drain purge-transformation of speed module.This module can be in recording of output signals value under the manual state, when switching to auto state, can finish transition gradually according to the rule of setting from the manual state value to automatic controlling value, thus the adverse effects such as disturbance that the rapid variation of output valve brings when having avoided switching.Each regulating loop of the embodiment of the invention has all adopted this module.
Divide in the slag extractor speed feedback in output processing part, after the tach signal filtering that records, also be provided with a more filtered signal of comparator and primary signal, carry out signal alarm (loop excision fault-signal is also reported to the police).Simultaneously, also (1# wherein and 2# slag extractor rotary speed instruction are the input signal of corresponding soft manual operation device at another comparator and real-time rotary speed instruction to filtered speed feedback signal, other regulating loop is herewith) compare, surpass certain limit as difference, then carry out equipment alarm, and carry out locking by the soft manual operation device.The type of alarm of signals such as the air-introduced machine speed feedback that other regulating loop output processing part is divided, feeder speed feedback, primary air fan speed feedback, overfire air fan speed feedback and implementation structure also are similarly, just narration no longer one by one in other loop.
Output between the executing agency at the soft manual operation device, can also add a wave filter, the burr in the filtering output signal often vibrates to prevent actuating equipment.
It is the feedback control loop of variable with total bed drain purge that the output processing part branch has formed one, and bed drain purge wherein-equipment transformation of speed, carefree switching, soft manual operation device, filtering all are available, also do not need to export distribution when having only a deslagging certainly.
More than detailed description has been done in some conversion of each link in the deslagging regulating loop and these links, in other regulating loop, the function of these links and possible conversion are similar.
The control of primary air flow regulating loop
Primary air flow influences the fluidization of implantation material, the burning of fuel, the transmission of heat; Influence heat balance (stable, the heat transmission of thermal source), influence the bed material balance, influence speed, concentration and Temperature Distribution in the burner hearth again.So system regulates the influence that control section will be taken all factors into consideration each factor of input.
Shown in Fig. 2 A and 2B, the input processing section of primary air flow regulating loop obtains the main vapour pressure set-point and bed temperature set-point (the main vapour pressure value that obtains according to main steam flow amount polygronal function all is the same, just need multiply by different coefficients at different circuit and be converted) in primary air flow loop according to the polygronal function of main steam flow amount; Provided an object lesson of load and bed temperature polygronal function in the following table.The function of all the other parameters and load can directly be finished by tabling look-up.
Load-bed temperature is set function F
21(x)
| Load T/h | 175 | ?190 | ?200 | ?210 | ?215 | ?220 | ?225 | ?230 | ?235 |
| Bed temperature ℃ | 890 | ?905 | ?910 | ?913 | ?915 | ?920 | ?920 | ?925 | ?925 |
Main vapour pressure measured value according to two measuring points carries out filtering, obtain the main vapour pressure signal after getting average; After pressure difference carried out filtering, gets average up and down according to the burner hearth of two measuring points, the conversion of carrying out pressure reduction-ash concentration polygronal function again obtained burner hearth ash concentration (dilute-phase zone pressure reduction) signal; Because the differential signal sum of steam heating surface caloric receptivity used vapour flow and drum pressure is expressed, therefore according to the drum pressure filtering of two measuring points, obtain the drum pressure signal after getting average, by a differentiator and multiplier (in multiplier, being multiplied by the drum heat capacity coefficient of setting), just obtaining boiler heat signal (Q+C*dPa/dt) with main steam flow amount signal plus more then.
Because influence the air capacity of combustion process is air quality rather than volume of air, therefore present embodiment carries out obtaining a wind total amount signal (secondary wind is also like this) behind the temperature and pressure compensation to a wind flow signal, the temperature and pressure compensation of its method and main steam flow amount is similar, and primary air flow, a blast, a wind-warm syndrome all carry out filtering and get average obtaining to the measured value of two measuring points; In the input processing section, also the bed temperature signal is carried out technology and report to the police.But, when not having flowmeter on the equipment, can come the approximate calculation air quantity according to throttle opening and blast.
Shown in Fig. 2 C, primary air flow is regulated control section and is comprised a PI, the 2nd PI and the 3rd PI.Wherein, main vapour pressure signal and set-point are input to the deviation signal input of a PI, and with the boiler heat signal as a PI feedforward compensation signal, computing obtains heat demand signal.Bed temperature signal and set-point are sent into the 2nd PI deviation signal input, and burner hearth ash concentration signal as feedforward, is formed heat and transmitted signal (calorie value that can provide has been provided), have set up the relation between the energy like this, so that adapt to the variation of outer disturbance load.Above-mentioned heat demand signal and heat transmission signal are sent into the 3rd PI generation deviation signal together, and press (height of bed) signal to send into the feedforward input of the 3rd PI bed temperature and the bed through two-dimensional fuzzy controller, press by bed temperature and bed and form a corrected signal (because the height of bed/air quantity reaction fluidizing velocity).The output of the 3rd PI also limits through changing, latch-up protection, and the protection of the override of bed temperature and main vapour pressure, forms a wind total blast volume instruction.
Under the identical situation of input/output signal, the module of intermediate link can have a variety of compound modes, for example boiler heat signal and burner hearth ash concentration signal can not be input to the feedforward end of first, second PI, but, the bed temperature bed is pressed as the output signal of the fuzzy controller of importing also can come to form a wind total blast volume instruction in the Calais mutually with the output of the 3rd pi regulator by adder respectively by the output signal addition of an adder and first, second pi regulator.Because these modules are all simulated by computer program, be appreciated that, under the prerequisite that interactively is constant between input signal that guarantees and the signal, can adopt various types of computing modules to handle (being not limited to PI or PID adjuster), these computing modules can make up with different modes, can realize same or analogous algorithm.The adjusting control section in other loop of the embodiment of the invention too, concrete PI is provided with quantity and connected mode and is not limited to a kind of shown in the embodiment.
The initial value of pi regulator parameter can rule of thumb be set, and has provided the example of primary air flow regulating loop first pi regulator (main vapour pressure) initial set value in the following table, can adjust according to engineering practice during operation.
| Arthmetic statement | One time wind is regulated main vapour pressure |
| Proportional band P | ????30 |
| The time of integration Ti | ????26 |
| Separate/oppositely limit | ????100 |
| Arthmetic statement | One time wind is regulated main vapour pressure |
| Differential gain Kd | ????1 |
| Derivative time Td | ????0 |
| Dead band/full switch limit | ????0 |
| The output upper limit | ????104000 |
| Bottoming | ????93500 |
| The output rate of change | ????20 |
| The deviation alarm limit | ????20 |
| The output range upper limit | ????220000 |
| The output range lower limit | ????0 |
| The adjuster type | General expression |
| The way of output | Position model |
| Direction of action | Reaction |
| Tracking mode | Set and follow the tracks of |
| Process values input PV | Main vapour pressure |
Shown in Fig. 2 D, a wind total blast volume instruction during output processing part is divided attracts from regulating control section, one time wind total blast volume signal attracts from the input processing section, send into together that PI compares, computing, form the single device output order, and it is assigned in two executing agency loops, a primary air flow-transformation of speed module is set in each single device loop, obtain the rotary speed instruction of every primary air fan, output to the soft manual operation device through the unperturbed handover module.The rotating speed of primary air fan is regulated in the output of soft manual operation device, increases or reduce primary air flow.Divide speed feedback signal also to be provided with signal alarm and equipment alarm in output processing part according to primary air fan.This part has formed a backfeed loop that is variable with wind total blast volume.
What be necessary to illustrate is, be to regulate primary air flow in the boiler plant that has by the aperture that changes the primary air fan air door, at this moment need air quantity-transformation of speed module is revised as air quantity-throttle opening conversion module, also tachometer will be changed into the measured value of valve position to the measurement of speed feedback signal.Following secondary wind is identical therewith with air inducing amount loop.
The control of coal supply regulating loop
Coal supply affects the generation of smooth combustion, heat, influences the proportioning of material and air simultaneously again.Different atures of coal comprise different material, and content of material difference, granular size difference, and this is external disturbance maximum in the combustion process.In order to reduce the influence of external disturbance, regulate the influence that the control scheme need be taken all factors into consideration each factor of input to system.
As shown in Figure 3A, the input processing section of coal supply regulating loop obtains coal-supplying amount loop main vapour pressure set-point, oxygen amount set-point according to the polygronal function of main steam flow amount, measure of oxygen content value according to two measuring points carries out filtering, obtain oxygen amount signal after getting average, bed temperature and main vapour pressure signal compared with technology report to the police simultaneously.
Shown in Fig. 3 B, regulate control section and comprise first, second and third pi regulator.Wherein, first pi regulator generates deviation signal according to main vapour pressure signal and set-point, and with the boiler heat signal as feed-forward signal, computing obtains heat demand signal and sends into multiplier, ature of coal combustion heat value divided by setting has just obtained the coal amount desired signal that calculates according to energy (heat) equilibrium relation.Second pi regulator generates deviation signal according to oxygen amount signal and set-point, press the input of signal with bed temperature and bed as two-dimensional fuzzy controller, and with the input of fuzzy controller as feed-forward signal, by oxygen amount and bed temperature and bed pressure combined reaction coal and a wind proportionate relationship, set up the relation between the material like this, its output be coal amount corrected signal.The corrected signal and the desired signal of above-mentioned coal amount are sent into the 3rd pi regulator deviation end together, a wind total blast volume signal is sent into multiplier, divided by sending into this pi regulator as feed-forward signal behind the coal-air ratio of setting, to set up the quick feedforward relation between wind and the coal.The output of the 3rd pi regulator also limits through changing, latch-up protection, and the protection of the override of bed temperature and main vapour pressure, forms total coal-supplying amount instruction.
Shown in Fig. 3 C, total coal-supplying amount instruction attracted from regulating control section during output processing part was divided, and total coal-supplying amount value of feedback is carried out rotating speed-coal-supplying amount conversion, obtained after getting total value according to the rotating speed measured value of many feeders.Total coal-supplying amount instruction and value of feedback send into that PI compares, computing, form the single device output order, and the output of carrying out many executing agencies automatically distributes, a coal-supplying amount-transformation of speed module is set in each single device loop, obtain the rotary speed instruction of every feeder, output to the soft manual operation device through the unperturbed handover module.The rotating speed of feeder is regulated in the output of soft manual operation device, increases or reduce coal-supplying amount.It is the feedback control loop of variable with total coal-supplying amount that this part has formed one.
First pi regulator, the 3rd pi regulator and soft manual operation device at this regulating loop all are provided with following function, wherein the tracking end of first pi regulator (TRACK end) is followed the tracks of the output signal of second pi regulator, the tracking end of the 3rd pi regulator is followed the tracks of total coal-supplying amount feedback signal, the tracking end of each soft manual operation device is followed the tracks of the tachometric survey signal of corresponding feeder tachometer, what these tracking signals were set all is disturbance in order to reduce to recover after the signal interruption, and promptly the currency from respective signal begins to change.If follow the tracks of the deviation end that the pi regulator of principle that is provided with outputs to the next stage pi regulator, then the tracking end with it links to each other with another input signal of next stage pi regulator deviation end, the tracking end of soft manual operation then links to each other with the feedback signal of respective execution mechanisms, and other regulating loop of the present invention also is provided with above-mentioned following function (what have is not shown in the drawings).
The control of secondary air flow regulating loop
Secondary air flow affects the even distribution in fully burning of material, pressure in the burner hearth, temperature field.Different fuel performances has different fire coal ratio, air distribution ratio.So regulate the influence that the control scheme will be taken all factors into consideration each factor of input.
Shown in Fig. 4 A, the input processing section of secondary air flow regulating loop obtains the main vapour pressure set-point and the oxygen amount set-point in secondary air flow loop according to the polygronal function of main steam flow amount; Furnace outlet measured temperature according to two measuring points carries out filtering, obtain the furnace outlet temperature signal after getting average; The signal of secondary wind total blast volume carries out obtaining after the pressure and temperature correction to the secondary air flow signal in air quantity temperature and pressure compensation device, and secondary air flow, secondary blast, secondary air temperature all carry out filtering and get average obtaining to the measured value of two measuring points; In the input processing section, also oxygen amount signal is carried out technology and report to the police.
Shown in Fig. 4 B, secondary air flow is regulated control section and is comprised first, second and the 3rd pi regulator.Wherein, first pi regulator generates deviation signal according to oxygen amount signal and set-point, react coal and secondary wind proportionate relationship by the oxygen amount, and considered this variable coefficient of secondary coal-air ratio, total coal-supplying amount feedback signal that coal supply regulating loop output processing part branch is obtained multiply by the secondary coal-air ratio of setting, as before being fed into first pi regulator, set up the relation between the material so then, it is exported as the secondary air flow corrected signal.Second pi regulator generates deviation signal according to main vapour pressure signal and set-point, and the boiler heat signal as feedforward, is formed the air quantity desired signal.Above-mentioned air quantity desired signal and corrected signal are sent into the deviation input of the 3rd pi regulator together, and with the input of furnace outlet temperature and burner hearth ash concentration signal as two-dimensional fuzzy controller, this fuzzy controller output signal is sent into the feedforward input of the 3rd pi regulator, sets up quick feedback relationship.The output of the 3rd pi regulator limits through changing, latch-up protection, and the protection of the override of oxygen amount and furnace outlet temperature, forms the instruction of secondary wind total blast volume.
Shown in Fig. 4 C, the instruction of secondary wind total blast volume attracts from regulating control section, secondary wind total blast volume signal attracts from the input processing section, send into together that pi regulator compares, computing, form the single device output order, and it is assigned in two executing agency loops, a secondary air flow-transformation of speed module is set in each single device loop, obtain the rotary speed instruction of every overfire air fan, output to the soft manual operation device through the unperturbed handover module.The rotating speed of overfire air fan is regulated in the output of soft manual operation device, increases or reduce secondary air flow.Also carry out signal alarm and equipment alarm at the output processing part branch according to the overfire air fan speed feedback signal.It is the feedback control loop of variable with secondary wind total amount that this part has formed one.
Air inducing amount regulating loop
The height of furnace pressure is concerning the safety and economic operation of boiler, generally requires furnace pressure a little less than atmospheric pressure, and this regulating loop mainly is to keep gas balance, keeps a stable burning, flows and the heat exchange environment.
Shown in Fig. 5 A, air inducing amount regulating loop input processing section obtains furnace pressure set-point, combustion chamber draft and total blast volume signal.Wherein, the furnace pressure set-point is obtained by the main steam flow amount and the air inducing amount loop furnace pressure polygronal function of main steam flow amount and setting; The combustion chamber draft signal is obtained through filter filtering, after getting average by the combustion chamber draft measured value of two measuring points; Obtain after as the total blast volume of feed-forward signal by wind total blast volume and the summation of secondary wind total blast volume.
Shown in Fig. 5 B, in regulating control section, the deviation input that the combustion chamber draft signal is sent into pi regulator with set-point compares, computing, and operation result is changed restriction and locking.Because when total blast volume changes, need just to change through combustion chamber draft after a while, so in the air inducing amount control system, total blast volume and it are sent into a two-dimensional fuzzy controller earlier with differential signal, the feedforward input of PI is sent in the output of this fuzzy controller again, the rapidity of control system responses during with the quantitative change of raising primary and secondary air.Similar with the bed drain purge regulating loop, this loop also is provided with two adders of serial connection, links to each other with total blast volume override protection module with the super relaxation protection module of combustion chamber draft respectively.Obtain the instruction of air inducing total blast volume at last.
Shown in Fig. 5 C, the instruction of air inducing total blast volume attracts from regulating control section, the total blast volume signal attracts from the input processing section, send into together that PI compares, computing, form the single device instruction then, the present invention has two air-introduced machines, therefore needs to instruct the output of carrying out two executing agencies to distribute to single device, an air inducing amount-transformation of speed module is set in each single device loop, is that rotary speed instruction outputs to the soft manual operation device with air inducing amount instruction transformation.The rotating speed of air-introduced machine is regulated in manual operator output again, increases or reduce the air inducing amount, thereby the control combustion chamber draft satisfies the unit operation requirement.Simultaneously carry out signal alarm and equipment alarm according to the air-introduced machine speed feedback signal.This part is not real feedback control loop, because the total blast volume signal also can not be provided with pi regulator as the feedforward input at the output processing part branch.When equipment was provided with air inducing flow rate test instrument, preferably value of feedback and the instruction of air inducing total blast volume with air inducing amount total blast volume generated deviation signal.
Need to prove, the Signal Processing that will respectively measure in the superincumbent description is all returned the input processing section at certain regulating loop, in fact a lot of signals, as main vapour pressure, main steam flow amount, bed temperature or the like, in several loops, all participate in calculating as input signal, therefore, also can merge the input processing section in above-mentioned each loop, as the input processing section of entire CF BB automatic combustion regulating system.
In sum, the present invention is directed to the multivariable of CFBB, close coupling, inertia is big, nonlinear feature, taken into full account the coordination of processes such as CFBB (CFBB) combustion system flows, burning, heat exchange, also taken all factors into consideration influencing each other between system's regulated variable simultaneously, influencing each other between the regulated quantity, influencing each other between regulated variable and the regulated quantity.Each loop is all taken all factors into consideration at multivariable; regulating control strategy adopts expert system, fuzzy control, compound tandem PI to regulate the mode that combines and finish; the middle protection strategies such as override protection, export-restriction, output locking that adopt are realized manually-operated thought; transfer, have a look at.These strategies have made full use of the accuracy of PI and the rapidity of advanced control, and various improper operating modes are provided with apery worker's automatic processing mode.Thereby, the input operation with closed ring that automatic regulating system of the present invention can be whole, continuous and stable.
For the disturbance of coal, in computing, adopt predefined ature of coal fuel value, secondary coal-air ratio, coefficient such as coal-air ratio to carry out in advance adjustment.For the disturbance of load, change the set-point of each parameter by the polygronal function of loading, thereby can adapt to external disturbance fast, and the operation of stabilizing the economy.
Shown in Figure 6 is to adopt the burning automatic adjustment circuit of the embodiment of the invention to carry out the automatic adjustment curve of burning that running experiment obtains on CFBB.As can be seen from the figure, the burning of this CFBB has realized whole, continuous and stable input operation with closed ring.
Claims (10)
1, a kind of burning in circulating fluid bed boiler automatic regulating system, comprise bed drain purge regulating loop, primary air flow regulating loop, coal supply regulating loop, secondary air flow regulating loop, and air inducing amount regulating loop, it is characterized in that: described each regulating loop adopts network hierarchy artificial intelligence structure, include the input processing section, regulate control section and output processing part branch, wherein
The input processing section of described each regulating loop is according to main steam flow amount, bed is pressed, bed temperature, main vapour pressure, oxygen content, the measuring-signal of combustion chamber draft and furnace outlet temperature obtains main steam flow amount respectively, bed is pressed, bed temperature, main vapour pressure, oxygen content, combustion chamber draft and furnace outlet temperature signal, obtain burner hearth ash concentration signal according to differential pressure measurement signal about the burner hearth, obtain wind total amount signal one time according to wind flow or main air intake aperture and wind pressure measurement signal, obtain secondary wind total amount signal according to secondary air flow or secondary air register aperture and wind pressure measurement signal, obtain the total blast volume signal according to wind total blast volume signal and secondary wind total blast volume signal sum, obtain the drum pressure signal according to the drum pressure measuring-signal, then described drum pressure signal is carried out differential and is multiplied by the drum capacity coefficient, obtain the boiler heat signal with main steam flow amount signal plus again, and go out corresponding bed pressure set-point by main steam flow amount calculated signals, the main vapour pressure set-point, the bed temperature set-point, oxygen amount set-point, the furnace pressure set-point;
The deviation signal that the adjusting control section of described bed drain purge regulating loop presses signal and bed to press set-point to generate according to described bed, and the bed temperature signal operation obtains total bed drain purge instruction, the set-point of the total bed drain purge feedback control loop that divides as output processing part outputs a control signal to corresponding executing agency from this control loop then;
The adjusting control section of described primary air flow regulating loop is according to the deviation signal of described main vapour pressure signal and the generation of main vapour pressure set-point, and boiler heat sets of signals becomes heat demand signal, deviation signal according to bed temperature signal and the generation of bed temperature set-point, and burner hearth ash concentration signal is formed heat transmission signal, above-mentioned heat demand signal and heat transmit signal and generate deviation signal, press the corrected signal sum operation of signal composition to obtain a wind total blast volume instruction again and according to bed temperature and bed, the set-point of a wind total blast volume feedback control loop that divides as output processing part outputs a control signal to corresponding executing agency from this control loop then;
The adjusting control section of described coal-supplying amount regulating loop is according to the deviation signal of main vapour pressure signal and the generation of main vapour pressure set-point, and boiler heat sets of signals becomes heat demand signal, divided by the ature of coal combustion heat value of setting, obtain coal amount desired signal, deviation signal according to oxygen amount signal and the generation of oxygen amount set-point, and bed temperature, bed is pressed sets of signals coal-forming amount corrected signal, behind the coal-air ratio of a wind total blast volume signal divided by setting, common computing obtains total coal-supplying amount instruction with above-mentioned two composition signals, the set-point of the coal-supplying amount feedback control loop that divides as output processing part outputs a control signal to corresponding executing agency from this control loop then;
The adjusting control section of described secondary air flow regulating loop is according to the deviation signal of described main vapour pressure signal and the generation of main vapour pressure set-point, and boiler heat sets of signals becomes the air quantity desired signal, deviation signal according to oxygen amount signal and the generation of oxygen amount set-point, and total coal-supplying amount feedback multiply by the signal composition secondary air flow corrected signal that the secondary coal-air ratio obtains, the input signal that obtains according to furnace outlet temperature and ash concentration signal and above two form the common computing of signal and obtain the instruction of secondary wind total blast volume, the set-point of the secondary wind total blast volume feedback control loop that divides as output processing part outputs a control signal to corresponding executing agency from this control loop then;
The deviation signal that the adjusting control section of described air inducing amount regulating loop generates according to described combustion chamber draft signal and combustion chamber draft set-point, and the total blast volume signal operation obtains the instruction of air inducing total blast volume, and output to corresponding executing agency through the output processing part branch.
2, burning in circulating fluid bed boiler automatic regulating system as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, in the described input processing section, each measuring-signal is all carried out filtering to be handled, the measuring-signal of multi-measuring point is got average to be handled, main steam flow amount signal, wind total blast volume signal, a secondary wind total blast volume signal are all carried out temperature and pressure compensation, and be provided with signal alarm and technology warning.
3, burning in circulating fluid bed boiler automatic regulating system as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described total bed drain purge, wind total blast volume, coal-supplying amount and a secondary wind total blast volume output processing part branch include a pi regulator, its deviation input is accepted total bed drain purge, wind total blast volume, coal-supplying amount and an instruction of secondary wind total blast volume and a feedback signal respectively, and the output signal of above-mentioned pi regulator is by the control signal of distribution module formation corresponding to separate unit executing agency.
4, burning in circulating fluid bed boiler automatic regulating system as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that the executing agency of described bed drain purge, primary air flow, coal-supplying amount, secondary air flow and air inducing amount regulating loop is respectively slag extractor, primary air fan, feeder, overfire air fan and air-introduced machine.Described control number corresponding to separate unit executing agency also generates speed controling signal through controlled quentity controlled variable-transformation of speed module, and the conversion coefficient of this module can manually be adjusted.
5, burning in circulating fluid bed boiler automatic regulating system as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that, described control signal outputs to before the executing agency, also through a soft manual operation device module, this module has manauto to be switched and manual setting output, locking and output area limitation function, and can manually increase and decrease its setting value.
6, burning in circulating fluid bed boiler automatic regulating system as claimed in claim 5 is characterized in that, describedly also is provided with a carefree handover module before described soft manual operation device module, and signal is by the regular transition of setting in the time of can making manual the automatic switchover.
7, burning in circulating fluid bed boiler automatic regulating system as claimed in claim 1; it is characterized in that; the adjusting control section output order of described bed drain purge, primary air flow, coal-supplying amount, secondary air flow and air inducing amount regulating loop is equipped with the latch-up protection module before dividing to output processing part.
8, burning in circulating fluid bed boiler automatic regulating system as claimed in claim 1; it is characterized in that; the adjusting control section of described bed drain purge, primary air flow, coal-supplying amount, secondary air flow and air inducing amount regulating loop is before output order divides to output processing part; be equipped with two adders that are used for the override protection, wherein realize override protection in bed drain purge, primary air flow, coal-supplying amount, secondary air flow and the air inducing amount regulating loop respectively bed temperature and bed pressure, main vapour pressure and bed temperature, main vapour pressure and bed temperature, oxygen amount and furnace outlet temperature, total blast volume and combustion chamber draft.
9, burning in circulating fluid bed boiler automatic regulating system as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the adjusting control section of described each regulating loop adopts pi regulator that each signal is carried out combinatorial operation, wherein each signal and their set-point are all sent into the deviation input of pi regulator together, and the bed temperature signal of bed drain purge regulating loop and its differential signal, the bed temperature signal of primary air flow regulating loop and bed are pressed signal, the bed temperature signal of coal-supplying amount regulating loop and bed are pressed signal, as two input signals of a two-dimensional fuzzy controller, the output signal of each two-dimensional fuzzy controller is imported pi regulator again and is participated in computing respectively for the total blast volume signal of the furnace outlet temperature signal of secondary air flow regulating loop and ash concentration signal and bed drain purge regulating loop and its differential signal.
10, burning in circulating fluid bed boiler automatic regulating system as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, in described each regulating loop, output signal links to each other with another input signal of next stage pi regulator deviation end to the tracking end of the pi regulator of next stage pi regulator deviation end, and the tracking end of soft manual operation device then links to each other with the feedback signal of respective execution mechanisms.
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