CN1478318A - Power converter - Google Patents
Power converter Download PDFInfo
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- CN1478318A CN1478318A CNA018197353A CN01819735A CN1478318A CN 1478318 A CN1478318 A CN 1478318A CN A018197353 A CNA018197353 A CN A018197353A CN 01819735 A CN01819735 A CN 01819735A CN 1478318 A CN1478318 A CN 1478318A
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- secondary side
- power inverters
- transformer
- switch
- side switches
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
- H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/33569—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
- H02M3/33576—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements having at least one active switching element at the secondary side of an isolation transformer
- H02M3/33592—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements having at least one active switching element at the secondary side of an isolation transformer having a synchronous rectifier circuit or a synchronous freewheeling circuit at the secondary side of an isolation transformer
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
- Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)
- Rectifiers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention is a power converter having a transformer (T) with a primary side winding (T1A) and a secondary side winding (T1C). Both the primary side and the secondary side have switches (Q1 & Q101) which are switched on and off alternately. When the primary master switch (Q1) is switched on, the transformer (T) charges. When the primary master switch (Q1) is switched off, the intrinsic capacitance of the secondary slave switch (Q101) discharges generating the zero voltage switching condition for the secondary slave switch (Q101). The secondary slave switch (Q101) is switched on at a time determined in accordance with the waveform generated by the transformer (T). When the secondary slave switch (Q101) is switched on, the transformer (T) discharges and ultimately the charge from an output capacitor (C101) flows into the transformer (T) as a backflow which charges the transformer (T). The secondary slave switch (Q101) is switched off at a time determined in accordance with a current flowing through said secondary switch (Q101). The intrinsic capacitance of primary master switch (Q1) discharges generating the zero voltage switching condition primary master switch (Q1) is then switched on and the cycle repeats.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to power inverter, more particularly, the present invention relates to switching power converter, for example flyback converter.
Background technology
Conventional power flyback converter draws electric current from power supply to a winding of transformer.Once winding current is by zero beginning, and is on the slope with rising edge and rises, then power switch by the time be interrupted.Then, once winding current remains zero in a time interval.An interrupted moment of input current, the energy of storing in Transformer Winding flows electric current in the secondary winding of transformer or output winding.In the kickback transformer of most conventional, on the secondary side of transformer, provide rectifier diode.The voltage drop at rectifier diode two ends influences the efficient of converter.
It is known using the power inverter of transistor device for power switching on the secondary side of transformer, for example the high-frequency switch circuit that discloses in the United States Patent (USP) 5594629 of Steigerwald.The power inverter of Steigerwald comprises primary side device for power switching Q1 and secondary side device for power switching Q2, their Be Controlled, thereby make and operate in common zero voltage switch mode, make device for power switching change under no-voltage, promptly the voltage that adds when conversion thereon is zero.The Zero voltage transition ability makes that converter can be with bigger efficient operation.The patent of Steigerwald does not have to disclose control circuit or the operation that is used to make device for power switching Q1 and Q2 conversion.
A kind of DC-DC power inverter that discloses in people's such as Ingman United States Patent (USP) 6069804 comprises for example FET34 of output bidirectional switch.This converter detects the input of inductor, the electric current and the output voltage of output winding by using the harmonic conversion control device, and be used for regulating frequency, so that make the power switch conversion, and output voltage is adjusted to a predetermined value, thereby raises the efficiency in the harmonic conversion mode.In the harmonic conversion mode of operation, regulate the cycle of clock circuit, on the input and output bidirectional switch so that harmonic conversion substantially is provided.The embodiment of the bidirectional power converter that discloses in the patent of Ingman comprises the controlling schemes for the power bi-directional switch, and wherein primary side switch and secondary side switches are by same clock circuit 44 controls.Have such state in second control signal that is used to control on the holding wire 48 of secondary side bidirectional switch, itself and be used to control the state complementation of first control signal on the holding wire 46 of primary side bidirectional switch.Thereby being used for once with the control signal of secondary bidirectional switch is relevant signal from same control unit.Fig. 9 of Ingman patent further illustrates the clock circuit 44 as control circuit.More particularly, transformer 125 utilizes bidirectional switch to drive primary side and secondary side.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of power inverter that can on primary side switch and secondary side switches, realize Zero voltage transition.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of power inverter with variable frequency flyback type of improved efficient.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of power inverter that can realize full Zero voltage transition on primary side switch that is combined with synchronous rectification and secondary side switches.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of to be had by the primary side switch of independent unit control unit control and the power inverter of secondary side switches.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of power inverter with primary side switch and secondary side switches, and it does not have control signal on isolation barrier, and does not comprise the secondary transformer that must satisfy the margin of safety of regulation.
In addition, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of power inverter with primary side switch and secondary side switches, wherein said secondary side switches is operated as slave switch.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of have the primary side switch of master-slave type and the power inverter of secondary side switches, and wherein secondary side switches is according to the waveform Be Controlled of the transformer of power inverter.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of power inverter, and the transformer that wherein can make described power inverter is converted then along being charged to a specific value in the other direction, so that charged along positive direction.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of power inverter with primary side switch and secondary side switches, and wherein said secondary side switches is ended under the reverse current of a predetermined value.
These and other purpose of the present invention has realized by a kind of power inverter is provided, described power inverter comprises: the transformer with winding and secondary winding, the primary side switch, secondary side switches, be used to control the main control unit of the conversion of primary side switch, be used for according to the conversion of the described secondary side switches of countercurrent electric current control of detected secondary side switches from control unit.
These purposes are also by providing a kind of power inverter to realize, described power inverter comprises: the transformer with primary side and secondary side, the primary side power switch, the secondary side power switch is used for the secondary side control unit according to the conversion of the described secondary side power switch of the Waveform Control of transformer.In this preferred embodiment of power inverter, also provide waveshape detector and secondary waveshape detector.A described waveshape detector preferably on the primary side of transformer detects winding, and described secondary waveshape detector preferably on the secondary side of described transformer detects winding.
The present invention has also disclosed a kind of method of Power Conversion, comprising: by changing the duty cycle adjustment power output of a power switch; According to the waveform transformation secondary side power switch that is connected the transformer between primary side power switch and the secondary side power switch.
Above-mentioned purpose, aspect, feature and advantage with other of the present invention be can clearly be seen that by explanation of the preferred embodiments of the present invention of carrying out in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and appended claim.
Description of drawings
Below by nonrestrictive example and description of drawings the present invention, identical label is represented identical or corresponding element in the accompanying drawing, wherein:
Fig. 1 is the calcspar according to the signal of power inverter of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is that main switch of expression and secondary are from the drain voltage of switch and by the primary current of transformer and the curve of secondary current;
Fig. 3 is and the similar calcspar of Fig. 1, just represents main control unit in more detail and from control unit;
Fig. 4 is the curve of the expression waveform relevant with the control of main control unit;
Fig. 5 is expression and curve from the relevant waveform of the control of control unit; And
Fig. 6 be according to the calcspar of the signal of the power inverter of similar an alternative embodiment of the invention of embodiment shown in Figure 1, wherein also comprise the circuit that is used to control from the reference voltage of the current sense comparator of control unit.
Embodiment
Referring to Fig. 1, according to power inverter of the present invention at terminal 1 with voltage Vin from the power supply received power, when primary side main switch Q1 conducting, described voltage provides electric current to the winding T1A of transformer T.Main switch Q1 is connected between the winding T1A and ground G1 of transformer by the primary current test section.The primary current test section can be selected.Power inverter has output voltage V
0Terminal 2 power outputs.The power output of power inverter depends on the duty ratio of a main switch Q1.Transformer T also comprises secondary winding T1C.Secondary is connected between the secondary winding and ground G2 of transformer T by the secondary current testing circuit from switch Q101.When secondary during from switch Q101 conducting, T1C provides electric current by the transformer secondary winding.The secondary side of power inverter also comprises the output capacitor C101 that is connected between lead-out terminal and the ground.Primary current can detect by the primary current test section, and described primary current test section provides signal to the main control unit that is used to control the conducting of a main switch Q1 and end.Secondary current is detected by the secondary current test section, and described secondary current test section is used to control the conversion operations of secondary from switch Q101 to providing signal from control unit.Power inverter also comprises waveshape detector one time, and it has the one-time detection winding T1B that is used for to the main control unit input signal.Power inverter also comprises the secondary waveshape detector, and it has the secondary detection winding T1D that is used for to signal is provided from control unit.In addition, output voltage V
0Be fed back to main control unit.Feedback circuit can comprise optical diode and detector.
Fig. 2 is the curve of the expression waveform relevant with power inverter shown in Figure 1.More particularly, waveform 1 is a main switch voltage.This is the voltage MSV on the drain D 1 of a main switch Q1 shown in Figure 1.Waveform 2 expression is from switching voltage, and this is at the voltage of secondary on the drain D of switch Q101.Waveform 3 is the primary currents by the winding T1A of transformer T.The positive current edge is from the direction of voltage source to a main switch Q1.Waveform 4 is the secondary currents by the secondary winding T1C of transformer T.Positive current along from secondary from the direction of switch Q101 to lead-out terminal.Waveform by Fig. 2 can be clear that, has all realized Zero voltage transition according to power inverter of the present invention on primary side and secondary side, that is, be zero at the time voltage that is engraved in the drain electrode of switch Q1 and Q101 that changes.This has improved the efficient of power inverter.
The present invention is a kind of flyback converter of variable frequency, it has switch and secondary switch, be respectively Q1 and Q101, it is characterized in that the full Zero voltage transition of two switches combining with synchronous rectification, so that realize being much higher than the conversion efficiency of conventional feedback converter.
Main switch Q1 and secondary are represented as MOSFET (Metal-Oxide Semiconductor field-effect transistor) from switch Q101, though also can use the transistor of other type, bipolar junction power transistor for example, BJT or igbt transistor.FET is preferred, because they can adapt to higher switching frequency than most of bipolar power transistors.
The present invention includes two independent control units (main control unit and from control unit), be respectively applied for main switch of control and secondary from switch.Main control unit and independently and single-set operation from control unit.The purpose that in power inverter of the present invention, does not need second transformer to be used to control.This makes does not need to satisfy safety standard or rules and regulations, and these regulations require to have 4000V or higher nargin between the primary side of second transformer and secondary side.Remove outside the feedback by optical coupler, do not have control signal to cross isolation barrier.
Carry out the MS master-slave conversion operations from control unit according to the waveform of transformer T on the secondary side of the present invention.Describe in detail as following, detect the moment that the transformer waveform reaches zero voltage value, after a preset time postpones, make the secondary side conducting from control unit.Secondary side (from) control unit makes the secondary winding of transformer secondary side be ended along in the other direction being charged to a specific value by the back flow current of output capacitor C101, charge along positive direction once more so as to making transformer.
By the waveform of Fig. 2 as seen, when main switch Q1 conducting, secondary ends from switch Q101, and vice versa.When switch Q1 conducting of master, the electric current in winding T1A of transformer rises linearly, thereby energy is stored among the transformer T.In the moment that main primary side switch Q1 ends, a part that is stored in the energy among the transformer T is used for the output capacitance Cds1 charging to the parasitism of a main switch Q1, and secondary is from the parasitic output capacitance Cds2 discharge of switch Q101, thereby makes the secondary shown in the waveform 2 of Fig. 2 reach zero basically from the drain voltage of switch Q101.This is the Zero voltage transition condition of secondary from switch Q101.Carve at this moment, by from control unit secondary from switch Q101 conducting, make transformer T can be by secondary from switch Q101 with the energy discharge of its storage to output capacitor C101.After transformer T was discharged fully, secondary kept conducting from switch Q101, makes that some energy among the output capacitor C101 pass back into transformer T, and along in the other direction transformer T being charged.Use the size of the reverse current among the secondary current test section measuring transformer T.The energy of storing in transformer T is equal to or greater than and is used to make secondary from the parasitic output capacitance Cds2 charging of switch Q101 and make moment of the required energy of the parasitic output capacitance Cds1 discharge of a main switch Q1, from control unit secondary is ended from switch Q101.When the parasitic output capacitance of a main switch Q1 is finished discharge thereby voltage and reached zero, make a main switch conducting by main control unit.This is the Zero voltage transition condition of a main switch Q1.
Main control unit determines to be stored in the quantity of the energy among the transformer T according to the ON time of a main switch Q1, thereby the output of the power of definite converter.From control unit according to secondary from the Zero voltage transition edge of switch Q101, discharge time of transformer T and be reverse charging time of the required transformer T of the Zero voltage transition that reaches a main switch Q1, determine the ON time of secondary from switch Q101.
Because the output of the power of converter is relevant with discharge time with the charging of transformer T, inversion frequency and power output are inversely proportional to.Principal and subordinate's flyback converter of the present invention is a kind of converter of variable frequency type.
In converter of the present invention, the discharging current of output capacitor C101 is flowed from switch Q101 by secondary, and the diode by rectifier the situation in conventional flyback converter.Therefore, the conducting loss in output rectifier is only definite from the on-state resistance of switch Q101 by secondary, and is determined by the threshold voltage of output rectifier diode the situation in conventional flyback converter.Conducting and the cut-off state of secondary from the secondary of control unit control and transformer synchronous waveform from switch Q101 makes secondary be similar to the effect of synchronous rectifier from switch Q101.
Fig. 3 and Fig. 1 are similar, just illustrate in greater detail main control unit and from control unit.Main control unit comprises the conducting timer, time delay part, zero-voltage detector, error amplifier and OCP (overcurrent protection) circuit.The OCP circuit is operated with the primary current test section of power inverter.The conversion of a main switch Q1 of conducting timer control.Output feedback from output is transfused to error amplifier.The error signal that is exaggerated is transfused to the conducting timer.Output from a waveshape detector that comprises one-time detection winding T1B is transfused to zero-voltage detector.The output of zero-voltage detector is delayed time, and is transfused to the conducting timer.The primary current test section is connected between the source S 1 and ground of a main switch Q1.Output from the primary current test section is imported into the circuit to the OCP of conducting timer output signal.According to from the signal of error amplifier, from zero-voltage detector by the signal of time delay and from the signal (if any) of OCP circuit, the conversion of a main switch Q1 of conducting timer control.
Comprise the setting/replacement trigger that has the input of being provided with and reset input from control unit.Also comprise zero-voltage detector from control unit, time delay part, comparator and reference power source.Be imported into zero-voltage detector from signal as the secondary waveshape detector of secondary detection winding T1D.The output of zero-voltage detector is partly carried out time delay by time delay, and is imported into the set end of trigger.The secondary current test section at secondary between the source S 2 and ground of switch Q101.The secondary current test section is to providing signal as the positive input terminal from the operational amplifier of the comparator operations of control unit.The reverse input end of operational amplifier receives a reference signal.Described reference signal can be utilized for example Zener diode of reference diode, and the mode that resistance or battery or any other known being used to produce reference signal is set up.The output of comparator is imported into the replacement end of trigger.Thereby, when secondary current surpasses by the reference value that is provided with from control unit, specifically surpassing when being provided for the reference value of comparator, trigger is just controlled secondary and is made its conversion from switch Q101.
Fig. 4 is the oscillogram that is used to represent the operation of main control unit.The waveform 1 of Fig. 4 is a main switch drain voltage and identical with the waveform of Fig. 2.Waveform 2 is main switch gate drive signals, promptly is provided for the voltage of the grid G 1 of a main switch Q1.Waveform 3 is waveforms of the pin 4 of T1B, and it is the waveform that is transfused to on the pin 4 of the one-time detection winding T1B of main control unit.Waveform 4 is the output of the zero-voltage detector of main control unit.The moment t1 step-down of the output of zero-voltage detector when the waveform zero passage of T1B pin 4 shown in waveform 3.The output of zero-voltage detector is partly postponed up to moment t2 by the time delay of main control unit, carves at this moment, and the main switch gate drive signal changes, thereby makes main switch Q1 conducting.
Fig. 5 is the oscillogram of expression from the operation of control unit.The waveform 1 of Fig. 5 is from the switch drain waveform, and identical with the waveform 2 of Fig. 2.The waveform 2 of Fig. 5 is from the switch gate drive signal, promptly is provided for the voltage of secondary from the grid G 2 of switch Q101.Waveform 3 is waveforms of the pin 9 of T1D, and it is the waveform that is transfused to from the pin 9 of the secondary detection winding T1D of control unit.Waveform 4 is the output from the zero-voltage detector of control unit.The moment t3 step-down of the output of zero-voltage detector when the waveform zero passage of the pin 9 of the TID shown in waveform 3.The output of zero-voltage detector partly is deferred to t4 by the time delay from control unit, carves at this moment from the switch gate drive signal to change, thereby makes secondary from switch Q101 conducting.
The transducer cycle
Describe the cycle of transducer shown in Figure 1 of the present invention below in detail.When a main switch Q1 conducting, transformer T charging.When a main switch Q1 ended, secondary was from the parasitic capacitance discharge of switch Q101, thereby the generation secondary is from the Zero voltage transition condition of switch Q101.As described below one definite moment, secondary is from switch Q101 conducting.When secondary during, transformer T discharge from switch Q101 conducting, and finally from the electric charge of output capacitor C101 as backflow inflow transformer T, it makes the transformer charging.Secondary ends as described below one definite moment from switch Q101.One time main switch Q1 discharges, thereby produces the Zero voltage transition condition of a main switch Q1, its conducting then, and repeat this cycle.
From the conducting of switch Q101 determining constantly
Secondary from moment of switch Q101 conducting shown in ta Fig. 2.The signal shown in the waveform 3 of Fig. 5 from secondary detection winding T1D is used to obtain making the moment of secondary from switch Q101 conducting.The waveform of the pin 9 of T1D is imported into the zero-voltage detector from control unit, and the moment t3 of zero-voltage detector when the waveform zero passage of the pin 9 of T1D changes its output.The output of zero-voltage detector is imported into the time delay part, and is delayed to t4 constantly.At moment t4, be imported into the input that is provided with of setting/replacement trigger from the signal of time delay part.Setting/replacement trigger output signal G2 (Fig. 5 from switch gate drive signal waveform 2) is used to control the conversion from switch Q101 of the secondary that is switched on.Secondary keeps conducting from switch Q101, up to by determine to make it to end from control unit.
From determining of cut-off time of switch Q101
Secondary from cut-off time of switch Q101 shown in the tb Fig. 2.Referring to the waveform 4 of Fig. 2, during the time interval of secondary during, be positive by secondary from the electric current of switch Q101, and be in a big value at first, but diminish gradually, and finally become negative from switch Q101 conducting.Positive current is along 2 directions to transformer secondary winding T1C to output capacitor C101 flow from source S 2 to drain D.When the secondary current shown in the waveform 4 of Fig. 2 when negative, output capacitor C101 discharges to transformer T.Output capacitor has enough big electric capacity, so that be considered to an infinitely-great capacitor.
From the negative moment of the electrorheological of switch, this is constantly shown in the moment tc of Fig. 2 by secondary for the detection of secondary current test section.When back flow current reached a thresholding, secondary ended from switch Q101.More particularly, be imported into from control unit, be input to the comparator in the control unit from the output of secondary current test section.If back flow current surpasses reference value, then one of comparator output makes the signal of setting/replacement trigger replacement, and described reference value is set to one and is used to change feasible optimum value of carrying out Power Conversion efficiently.Thereby signal G2 of trigger output makes secondary end from switch Q101.Described comparator is an operational amplifier with positive input terminal and negative input end.The output of secondary current test section is imported into the positive input terminal of comparator, and compares with the reference value that is imported into negative input end.Reference source is represented as a reference diode.Also can use any known mode that is used to produce reference signal.
Fig. 6 represents similar an alternative embodiment of the invention with embodiment shown in Figure 1, but it comprises the circuit that is used to control from the reference voltage of the current sense comparator of control unit.In addition, show main switch and secondary parasitic output capacitance Cds1 and Cds2 respectively from switch.
Following formula can accurately be identified for obtaining the reverse current I of best conversion efficiency under the switching current of the best
ReverseReference value:
Wherein LTIC is the inductance of the secondary winding T1C of transformer T.
Thereby described reference value depends on input voltage.The quantity that refluxes must be enough greatly, so that make main switch Q1 and the secondary parasitic capacitance discharge from switch Q101.Otherwise can not realize Zero voltage transition, thereby waste energy.
Fig. 6 represents with the secondary winding T1C of transformer T and has input voltage Vi and peak detector that the transfer function of output voltage V links to each other.The output control of described transfer function is from the reference voltage of the current sense comparator of control unit.Secondary depends on the V of converter from the cut-off condition of switch Q101
0And Vin.Output voltage V
0Generally be constant, because it is conditioned by means of feedback loop.But, input voltage vin can change, and this means, secondary changes by the input voltage vin of reverse current with converter from switch Q101's.By on secondary winding T1C, increasing peak detector, obtain as V at the output of peak detector
0And Vin/N's (wherein N is the turn ratio between winding T1A and the secondary winding T1C) and the voltage of function.By control as the secondary of the function of the output voltage of peak detector from switch Q101 by reverse current, can be at each input voltage (Vin) and the output voltage (V of converter
0) under all satisfy cut-off condition.Because secondary from switch Q101 by reverse current and input voltage vin and output voltage V
0The two all is non-linear relation, and the output voltage of peak detector must be imported into reference voltage by a transfer function, and wherein said transfer function is represented as V=f (Vi).
Described transfer function can for example provide the multiplier of nonlinear function to constitute by diode, transistor or other element.
Each of primary current test section and secondary current test section can be made of transformer, resistance or hall detector or any other suitable device.
Also imagined a kind of method of Power Conversion, comprised the Zero voltage transition of switch and secondary switch and according to the waveform transformation secondary switch of the transformer of converter.Make secondary from switch conduction after being delayed a time interval according to the trailing edge of a main switch, so that guarantee the Zero voltage transition of secondary from switch.When back flow current surpasses a threshold value, secondary is ended from switch, described threshold value is set to make to obtain the change-over time and the efficient of the best of converter.
Though the present invention is described with reference to the preferred embodiments, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that in scope of the present invention and design and can make many changes and remodeling.The accompanying drawing of preferred embodiment and the explanation provide by way of example, do not limit the scope of the invention, and all changes and remodeling all be included in scope of the present invention and the design in.
Claims (56)
1 one kinds of power inverters, described power inverter comprises:
Transformer with winding and secondary winding, described transformer produces a waveform;
The primary side switch;
Secondary side switches;
The conversion of wherein said secondary side switches realizes according to the waveform of described transformer.
2 power inverters as claimed in claim 1 also comprise the secondary control unit, and described secondary control unit is constructed for controlling the conversion of described secondary side switches.
3 power inverters as claimed in claim 3, the conversion of wherein said secondary side switches is carried out during the Zero voltage transition condition.
4 power inverters as claimed in claim 3, wherein said secondary side switches also comprises parasitic output capacitance, and wherein said Zero voltage transition condition is produced when described parasitic output capacitance is discharged.
5 power inverters as claimed in claim 1 also comprise control unit one time, and a described control unit is constructed for controlling the conversion of described primary side switch.
6 power inverters as claimed in claim 5, the conversion of wherein said primary side switch is carried out during the Zero voltage transition condition.
7 power inverters as claimed in claim 6, wherein said primary side switch also comprises parasitic output capacitance, and wherein said Zero voltage transition condition is produced when described parasitic output capacitance is discharged.
8 power inverters as claimed in claim 1 also comprise the secondary detection winding, and it is positioned on the described secondary side of described transformer, and are arranged to the described waveform that detects described transformer.
9 power inverters as claimed in claim 1 also comprise the secondary current test section, are used for detecting the secondary current of described secondary side switches.
10 power inverters as claimed in claim 9, wherein said secondary side switches is cut off according to the described secondary current in the described secondary side switches.
11 power inverters as claimed in claim 1 also comprise the primary current test section, are used for detecting the primary current of a described switch.
12 1 kinds of power inverters comprise:
Transformer with primary side and secondary side, described transformer produces a waveform;
The primary side switch;
Secondary side switches;
Be used to control the main control unit of described primary side switch; And
Be used to control described secondary side switches from control unit, wherein said main control unit and describedly operate independently, and wherein said described waveform of following described transformer from control unit from control unit.
13 power inverters as claimed in claim 12, wherein said secondary side switches is converted during the Zero voltage transition condition.
14 power inverters as claimed in claim 13, wherein said secondary side switches also comprises parasitic output capacitance, and wherein said Zero voltage transition condition is produced when described parasitic output capacitance is discharged.
15 power inverters as claimed in claim 12, wherein said primary side switch is converted during the Zero voltage transition condition.
16 power inverters as claimed in claim 15, wherein said primary side switch also comprises parasitic output capacitance, and wherein said Zero voltage transition condition is produced when described parasitic output capacitance is discharged.
17 power inverters as claimed in claim 12 also comprise the secondary detection winding, and it is positioned on the described secondary side of described transformer, and are arranged to the described waveform that detects described transformer.
18 power inverters as claimed in claim 12 also comprise the secondary current test section, are used for detecting the secondary current of described secondary side switches.
19 power inverters as claimed in claim 19, wherein said secondary side switches is cut off according to the described secondary current in the described secondary side switches.
20 power inverters as claimed in claim 12 also comprise the primary current test section, are used for detecting the primary current of a described switch.
21 1 kinds of power inverters comprise:
Input terminal;
Lead-out terminal;
Transformer with primary side and secondary side, described transformer also comprises:
First side winding that links to each other with described input terminal and the secondary side winding that links to each other with described lead-out terminal;
The primary side switch;
Secondary side switches;
Be used to control described secondary side switches conversion from control unit; And
Be used to control the main control unit of the conversion of described primary side switch, described primary side switch and described secondary side switches are configured to by conducting alternately and end; The conversion of wherein said secondary side switches realizes according to the secondary current that detects in described secondary side switches, and wherein said primary side switch and described secondary side switches are switched on during the Zero voltage transition condition.
22 power inverters as claimed in claim 21 also comprise the secondary current test section, are used for detecting the secondary current of described secondary side switches.
23 power inverters as claimed in claim 22, wherein saidly also comprise comparator and setting/replacement trigger from control unit, wherein when described secondary current becomes negative, described secondary current test section passes to described comparator to output signal, the described output signal and the current reference value of the more described secondary current of wherein said comparator test section, and when the described output signal of described secondary current test section surpasses described current reference signal, to described setting/replacement trigger output switching signal, and wherein said setting/replacement trigger is changed described secondary side switches when receiving described switching signal.
24 power inverters as claimed in claim 23, wherein said current reference value is provided by following formula:
I wherein
ReverseBe the reference value of described electric current, L
TICBe the inductance of the secondary winding T1C of transformer T, Cds1 is the parasitic capacitance of described primary side switch, and Cds2 is the parasitic capacitance of described secondary side switches, and Vin is an input voltage, V
0It is output voltage.
25 power inverters as claimed in claim 23, wherein said switching signal are the reset signals that described secondary side switches is ended.
26 power inverters as claimed in claim 21 also comprise the secondary waveshape detector that is used to detect the waveform that is produced by described transformer, and described secondary waveshape detector is the detection winding on the described secondary side of described transformer.
27 power inverters as claimed in claim 26, wherein said secondary side switches is switched on according to the described waveform of described transformer.
28 power inverters as claimed in claim 21 also comprise output capacitor.
29 power inverters as claimed in claim 21, wherein said secondary side switches also comprises parasitic output capacitance, and wherein said Zero voltage transition condition is produced when described parasitic output capacitance is discharged.
30 power inverters as claimed in claim 21, wherein said primary side switch also comprises parasitic output capacitance, and wherein said Zero voltage transition condition is produced when described parasitic output capacitance is discharged.
31 power inverters as claimed in claim 21 also comprise the output feedback circuit that is connected between described lead-out terminal and the described main control unit, and described output feedback circuit is used to produce output feedback signal.
32 power inverters as claimed in claim 31, wherein said main control unit also comprises the conducting timer, delay circuit, zero-voltage detector and error amplifier, wherein said output feedback signal is transfused to described error amplifier, described error amplifier produces the error signal of amplifying, and the error signal of wherein said amplification is transfused to described conducting timer, and described conducting timer is controlled the conversion of described primary side switch.
33 power inverters as claimed in claim 21 also comprise the primary current test section, are used for detecting the primary current of described primary side switch.
34 1 kinds of power inverters comprise:
Transformer with primary side and secondary side;
The primary side switch;
Secondary side switches;
Be used to control described secondary side switches conversion from control unit; And
Be used to control the main control unit of the conversion of described primary side switch; The conversion of wherein said secondary side switches realizes according to the secondary current that detects in the described secondary side switches, wherein said primary side switch and the conducting during the Zero voltage transition condition of described secondary side switches.
35 power inverters as claimed in claim 34 also comprise the secondary current test section, are used for detecting the described secondary current of described secondary side switches.
36 power inverters as claimed in claim 35, wherein saidly also comprise comparator and setting/replacement trigger from control unit, wherein when described secondary current becomes negative, described secondary current test section passes to described comparator to output signal, the described output signal and the current reference value of the more described secondary current of wherein said comparator test section, and when the described output signal of described secondary current test section surpasses described current reference signal, to described setting/replacement trigger output switching signal, and wherein said setting/replacement trigger is changed described secondary side switches when receiving described switching signal.
37 power inverters as claimed in claim 36, wherein said current reference value is provided by following formula:
I wherein
ReverseBe the reference value of described electric current, L
TICBe the inductance of the secondary winding T1C of transformer T, Cds1 is the parasitic capacitance of described primary side switch, and Cds2 is the parasitic capacitance of described secondary side switches, and Vin is an input voltage, V
0It is output voltage.
38 power inverters as claimed in claim 36, wherein said switching signal are the reset signals that described secondary side switches is ended.
39 power inverters as claimed in claim 34 also comprise the secondary waveshape detector that is used to detect the waveform that is produced by described transformer, and described secondary waveshape detector is the detection winding on the described secondary side of described transformer.
40 power inverters as claimed in claim 39, wherein said secondary side switches is according to the described waveform conducting of described transformer.
41 power inverters as claimed in claim 39 wherein saidly are constructed for a preset time after the described null value that detects described waveform from control unit from control unit and make described secondary side switches conducting in postponing.
42 power inverters as claimed in claim 34 also comprise output capacitor.
43 power inverters as claimed in claim 34, wherein said secondary side switches also comprises parasitic output capacitance, and wherein said Zero voltage transition condition is produced when described parasitic output capacitance is discharged.
44 power inverters as claimed in claim 34, wherein said primary side switch also comprises parasitic output capacitance, and wherein said Zero voltage transition condition is produced when described parasitic output capacitance is discharged.
45 power inverters as claimed in claim 34 also comprise the output feedback circuit that is connected between described lead-out terminal and the described main control unit, and described output feedback circuit is used to produce output feedback signal.
46 power inverters as claimed in claim 45, wherein said main control unit also comprises the conducting timer, delay circuit, zero-voltage detector and error amplifier, wherein said output feedback signal is transfused to described error amplifier, described error amplifier produces the error signal of amplifying, and the error signal of wherein said amplification is transfused to described conducting timer, and described conducting timer is controlled the conversion of described primary side switch.
47 power inverters as claimed in claim 34 also comprise the primary current test section, are used for detecting the primary current of described primary side switch.
The flyback converter of 48 1 kinds of variable frequencies comprises:
Transformer with primary side and secondary side;
The primary side switch; And
Secondary side switches;
Wherein said primary side switch and described secondary side switches are configured to make to be changed under full Zero voltage transition condition, and wherein said secondary side switches is configured to make as synchronous rectifier.
49 power inverters as claimed in claim 48, wherein said secondary side switches also comprises parasitic output capacitance, and wherein said Zero voltage transition condition is produced when described parasitic output capacitance is discharged.
50 power inverters as claimed in claim 48, wherein said primary side switch also comprises parasitic output capacitance, and wherein said Zero voltage transition condition is produced when described parasitic output capacitance is discharged.
The method of 51 1 kinds of Power Conversions may further comprise the steps:
Transformer with primary side and secondary side is provided, and described primary side has the primary side switch, and described secondary side has secondary side switches;
The described primary side switch of Zero voltage transition;
The described secondary side switches of Zero voltage transition; And
By according to the described secondary side switches of waveform transformation that produces by described transformer, control the described conversion of described secondary side switches.
52 methods as claimed in claim 51, further comprising the steps of:
Back flow current according to the described secondary side switches of flowing through ends described secondary side switches.
53 methods as claimed in claim 52, further comprising the steps of: as to utilize the secondary current test section to detect described back flow current.
54 methods as claimed in claim 51, further comprising the steps of: as to utilize secondary current to detect the described waveform that winding detects described transformer.
55 methods as claimed in claim 51, further comprising the steps of: by changing the duty cycle adjustment power output of described primary side switch.
The method of 56 1 kinds of Power Conversions may further comprise the steps:
Transformer with primary side and secondary side is provided, and described primary side has the primary side switch, and described secondary side has secondary side switches;
The described primary side switch of Zero voltage transition;
Utilize control unit to control the described Zero voltage transition of described primary side switch;
The described secondary side switches of Zero voltage transition; And
Utilize the secondary control unit to be independent of the described Zero voltage transition that a described control unit is controlled described secondary side switches.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US24712700P | 2000-11-11 | 2000-11-11 | |
| US60/247,127 | 2000-11-11 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1478318A true CN1478318A (en) | 2004-02-25 |
Family
ID=22933670
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNA018197353A Pending CN1478318A (en) | 2000-11-11 | 2001-11-09 | Power converter |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6594161B2 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP1338082A1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP4070200B2 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1478318A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU2002231254A1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2441899C (en) |
| TW (1) | TWI257759B (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2002039571A1 (en) |
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- 2001-11-09 EP EP01991534A patent/EP1338082A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2001-11-09 CA CA002441899A patent/CA2441899C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-11-09 WO PCT/US2001/050138 patent/WO2002039571A1/en active Application Filing
- 2001-11-09 AU AU2002231254A patent/AU2002231254A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-11-09 US US10/039,373 patent/US6594161B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-11-09 JP JP2002541779A patent/JP4070200B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-11-09 CN CNA018197353A patent/CN1478318A/en active Pending
- 2001-11-12 TW TW090128025A patent/TWI257759B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
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| CN101728958B (en) * | 2008-11-03 | 2013-05-08 | 成都芯源系统有限公司 | Method and control device for controlling isolated converter by tail current |
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| CN108352781A (en) * | 2015-11-16 | 2018-07-31 | 法雷奥日本株式会社 | The method and system of quantitative energy really is stored in the capacitor for dissipating, and storage is for realizing the computer program product of the executable code of the method |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2002039571A1 (en) | 2002-05-16 |
| CA2441899A1 (en) | 2002-05-16 |
| EP1338082A1 (en) | 2003-08-27 |
| TWI257759B (en) | 2006-07-01 |
| JP4070200B2 (en) | 2008-04-02 |
| AU2002231254A1 (en) | 2002-05-21 |
| US6594161B2 (en) | 2003-07-15 |
| JP2004514390A (en) | 2004-05-13 |
| US20020097589A1 (en) | 2002-07-25 |
| CA2441899C (en) | 2006-01-24 |
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