CN1327383A - 治疗神经和神经精神障碍的药物 - Google Patents
治疗神经和神经精神障碍的药物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1327383A CN1327383A CN97196821A CN97196821A CN1327383A CN 1327383 A CN1327383 A CN 1327383A CN 97196821 A CN97196821 A CN 97196821A CN 97196821 A CN97196821 A CN 97196821A CN 1327383 A CN1327383 A CN 1327383A
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- alkyl
- ring
- chemical compound
- heteroaryl
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- 230000000926 neurological effect Effects 0.000 title abstract description 3
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 101
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 86
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 86
- 125000004169 (C1-C6) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 80
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 78
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 74
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 71
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- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 70
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 63
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- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 54
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- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 39
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 37
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- 125000004473 dialkylaminocarbonyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 3
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- XOFYZVNMUHMLCC-ZPOLXVRWSA-N prednisone Chemical compound O=C1C=C[C@]2(C)[C@H]3C(=O)C[C@](C)([C@@](CC4)(O)C(=O)CO)[C@@H]4[C@@H]3CCC2=C1 XOFYZVNMUHMLCC-ZPOLXVRWSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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Abstract
本发明提供含有式(Ⅰ)化合物或其药学上可接受的盐的用于治疗神经和神经精神障碍的药物。
Description
本发明涉及一类取代的胺、药用组合物和治疗神经和神经精神障碍的药物。
突触传递是一种细胞通讯的复杂形式,它包括在前和后突触神经元中的一大列特异性结构。高亲和力神经递质转运蛋白是位于前突触末梢和周围神经胶质细胞上的这类成分(Kanner和Schuldiner,CRCCritical Reviews in Biochemistry,22,1032(1987))。转运蛋白将神经递质和突触隔离开来,从而调整突触中神经递质的浓度,同时在其存在期间,一起影响突触传递的大小。进一步讲,通过阻止递质向周围突触扩散,转运蛋白维持了突触传递的保真性。最后,通过隔离已释放的递质进入前突触末梢,转运蛋白使递质可重复利用。
神经递质转运依赖于细胞外钠和跨膜电压差,在强神经元发射情况下,例如在癫痫发作期间,转运蛋白可起相反作用,以钙非依赖性非胞吐(exocytotic)模式释放神经递质(Attwell et al.,Neuron,11,401-407(1993))。所以神经递质转运蛋白的药理学调整提供了改善突触活性的方法,从而提供了神经和精神失调的治疗方法。
甘氨酸在哺乳动物中枢神经系统中是一重要的神经递质,其功能为既可抑制又可兴奋突触。通过神经系统,可作用于神经系统的中枢和周边部分。甘氨酸的这些不同功能被两种不同类型的受体所介导,其中的每一种与不同种类的甘氨酸转运蛋白相关。甘氨酸的抑制作用被甘氨酸受体所介导,该受体对可引起惊撅的生物碱士的宁敏感,所以被称为“士的宁敏感型”。这样的受体含有内在氯化物通道,当甘氨酸与受体结合时,该通道即开放;通过增加氯化物的传导,可增加动作电位的发射阈值。已发现在脊髓和脑干中士的宁敏感型甘氨酸受体非常丰富,可提高该受体活性的药理活性物质能在这些区域增加神经传递的抑制。
通过调整谷氨酸盐的作用,甘氨酸可激活传递,主要激活的神经递质位于中枢神经系统。见Johnson和Ascher,Nature,325,529-531(1 987);Fletcher et al.,Glycine Transmission,(Otterson and Storm-Mathisen,eds.1990),pp,193-219。特别是,甘氨酸是称为N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸(NMDA)受体的谷氨酸受体类的专性协同激动剂。NMDA受体的激活可增加钠和钙的传导,使神经元去极化,从而增加发射动作电位的可能性。NMDA受体广泛分布于脑中,尤其在大脑皮质和海马结构中具有高密度。
分子克隆已经揭示在哺乳动物脑中存在两类甘氨酸转运蛋白,称为GlyT-1和GlyT-2。发现GlyT-1在前脑中丰富,其分布与谷氨酸能通道和NMDA受体相关(Smith,et al.,Neuron,8,927-935(1992))。分子克隆进一步揭示GlyT-1存在三种变型,称为GlyT-1a、GlyT-1b和GlyT-1c(Kim,et al.,Molecular Pharmacology,45,608-617(1994)),其中之每一种在脑和周边组织中都有其特殊的分布。这些变型以不同的剪接和外显子用法出现,其N-端基区域不同。相反,发现GlyT-2在脑干和脊髓中丰富,其分布与士的宁敏感型甘氨酸受体密切相关(Liu etal.,J.Biological Chemistry,268,22802-22808(1993);Jursky和Nelson,J.Neurochemistry,64,1026-1033(1995))。这些数据与以下发现相符合:通过调节甘氨酸的突触水平,GlyT-1和GlyT-2可分别选择性地影响NMDA受体和士的宁敏感型甘氨酸受体的活性。
所以可期望抑制或激活甘氨酸转运蛋白的化合物将改变受体的功能,为各种疾病状态提供治疗方法。例如,可利用GlyT-2的抑制以便通过提高甘氨酸的突触水平来降低具有士的宁敏感型甘氨酸受体的神经元活性,从而降低脊髓中与疼痛相关(如感受伤害的)的信号的传递,已经证明它由这些受体所介导(Yaksh,Pain,37,111-123(1989))。另外,通过在脊髓中士的宁敏感型甘氨酸受体提高甘氨酸能传递的抑制可用来降低肌肉活动过强,可用于治疗与增强的肌肉收缩有关的疾病或状态,如痉挛状态、肌阵挛和癫痫(Truong et al.,Movement Disorders,3,77-87(1988);Becker,FASEB J.,4,2767-2774(1990))。通过调整甘氨酸受体可治疗与下列有关的痉挛状态:癫痫、中风、头部创伤、多发性硬化症、脊髓损伤、肌张力障碍和其它神经系统疾病和损伤的状态。
NMDA受体主要与记忆和学习有关(Rison和Stanton,Neurosci.Biobehav.Rev.,19,533-552(1 995);Danysz et al.,Behavioral Pharmacol.,6,455-474(1995));另外,降低NMDA介导的神经传递的功能似乎是精神分裂症症状的基础或有助于精神分裂症的症状(Olney and Farber,Archives General Psychiatry,52,998-1007(1996))。因而,抑制GlyT-1从而提高NMDA受体的甘氨酸活性的活性物质可用作新的抗精神病和抗痴呆药物,治疗其它认知过程受损害的疾病,如注意力缺乏障碍和有机脑综合征。相反,NMDA受体的过度激活与一些疾病状态有关,特别在与中风和可能的神经变性性疾病有关的神经元死亡中的疾病状态有关,如Alzheimer’s疾病、多发性梗塞痴呆、AIDS痴呆、Huntington氏疾病、Parkinson氏疾病、肌萎缩性侧索硬化或其它神经元细胞死亡发生的状态,如中风或脑创伤(Coyle&Puttfarcken,Science,262,689-695(1993);Lipton和Rosenberg,New Engl.J.of Medicine,330,613-622(1993);Choi,Neuron,1,623-634(1998))。所以,提高GlyT-1活性的药理活性物质能导致NMDA受体的甘氨酸激活降低,该活性可用于治疗这些和与之相关的疾病状态。相同的,直接阻断NMDA受体上的甘氨酸位点的药物也可用于治疗这些和与之相关的疾病状态。
本发明概述
根据本发明,已经鉴定可抑制通过GlyT-1或GlyT-2转运蛋白的甘氨酸转运的一类化合物,或者抑制该转运的化合物的前体,即前体药物,或者制备抑制该转运的化合物的合成中间体。所以,本发明提供一类下式的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐:
其中:
(1)X为氮或碳,当X为氮时R2不存在;
(2)R2(a)为氢、(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷氧基、氰基、(C2-C7)链烷酰基、氨基羰基、(C1-C6)烷基氨基羰基或其中每一个烷基分别独立为C1到C6的二烷基氨基羰基,(b)包括(其中R1不是氨基亚乙基、-O-R8或-S-R8*)羟基、氟、氯、溴或(C2-C7)链烷酰氧基,(c)与相邻的来自R1、Rxb或Ryb之一的碳或氮形成双键或(d)为由R2b连接到X上的R2a。
(2i)Rx为Rxb连接到X上的Rxa;
(2ii)Ry为Ryb连接到X上的Rya;
(2iii)Rxa、Rya和R2a独立地为芳基、杂芳基、金刚烷基或含有选自包括氧、硫和氮的0-2个杂原子的5-7元非芳香环,其中:
(a)芳基为苯基或萘基,
(b)杂芳基包括五元环、六元环、与五元环稠合的六元环、与六元环稠合的五元环或与六元环稠合的六元环,其中杂芳基为芳香的并含有选自包括氧、硫和氮的杂原子,而其余的环原子为碳。
(c)Rxa、Rya和R2a的每一个可独立地为Rq、RrO-或RsS-其中之一所取代,其中Rq、Rr和Rs的每一个独立地为芳基、杂芳基、金刚烷基或5-7元非芳香环,这些环的结构如Rxa所定义,和
(d)Rxa、Rya、R2a、Rq、Rr和Rs可另外为选自下列基团的一个或多个取代基所取代:氟、氯、溴、硝基、羟基、氰基、三氟甲基、具有多至二个独立的(C1-C6)N-烷基取代基的氨基磺酰基、金刚烷基、(C1-C12)烷基、(C1-C12)链烯基、氨基、(C1-C6)烷基氨基、其中每一个烷基独立地为C1-C6的二烷基氨基、(C1-C6)烷氧基、(C2-C7)链烷酰基、(C2-C7)链烷酰基氧基、三氟甲氧基、羟基羰基、(C2-C7)烷氧基羰基、用多至二个独立的(C1-C6)烷基取代氢的氨基羰基、(C1-C6)烷基磺酰基、用多至三个(C1-C6)烷基独立取代的脒基、或用二个氧与芳环或杂芳环上相邻位置键合的亚甲二氧基或亚乙二氧基,该亚甲二氧基或亚乙二氧基可用多至二个独立的(C1-C6)烷基取代,其中:
(i)Rxa、Rya和R2a的取代可在Rxa、Rya和R2a两个之间结合形成第二个桥接,包括(1)(C1-C2)烷基或链烯基,它可用一个或多个(C1-C6)烷基独立取代,(2)硫,(3)氧,(4)氨基,它可用一个(C1-C6)烷基取代氢,(5)羰基,(6)-CH2C(=O)-,它可用多至二个独立的(C1-C6)烷基取代氢,(7)-C(=O)-O-,(8)-CH2-O-,它可用多至二个独立的(C1-C6)烷基取代氢,(9)-C(=O)N(R24),其中R24为氢或(C1-C6)烷基,(10)-CH2-NH-,它可用多至三个(C1-C6)烷基取代氢,或(11)-CH=N-,它可用(C1-C6)烷基取代氢,或其中Rxa、Rya和R2a中的二个直接以单键连接;
(2iv)Rxb和R2b独立为单键或(C1-C2)亚烷基;
(2v)Ryb为单键、氧杂、(C1-C2)亚烷基、亚乙基或-CH=(其中双链与X连接)、硫杂、亚甲氧基或亚甲硫基、或-N(R6)或-CH2-N(R6*)-,其中R6和R6*为氢或(C1-C6)烷基,其中当X为氮时,X不与其它杂原子相连;
(3)R1包括:直链(C2-C3)脂肪族基团;当X为碳时,为=N-O-(亚乙基),其中未配对双键与X连接;(当X为碳时,Ryb不包括与X连接的杂原子),为-O-R8或-S-R8*其中R8或R8*为亚乙基或亚乙烯基并且O或S与X相连接;(当X为碳时,Ryb不包括与X连接的杂原子),为氨基亚乙基其中氨基与X相连接的氨基:其中R1可被至多一个羟基、至多一个(C1-C6)烷氧基或至多一个(C2-C7)链烷酰氧基、至多二个独立的(C1-C6)烷基、至多一个氧基基、至多一个(C1-C6)亚烷基所取代,前提为所述羟基、烷氧基、链烷酰氧基或氧基基取代基不与与氮或氧相连的碳相连;
其中R1的烷基或亚烷基取代基可连接形成3-7元非芳香环;和
其中如果X为氮,X以单键与R1相连接,连接R1与氮的R1的端基碳是饱和的;
(4)R3(a)为氢、(C1-C6)烷基或苯基或其中烷基为C1-C6的苯基烷基并且该苯基可用上述Rxa的芳基或杂芳基所定义的相同的取代基所取代,(b)为-R12Z(Rxx)(Ryy)(R11),其中R12与N结合,Z独立的与X相同,Rxx独立的与Rx相同,Ryy独立的与Ry相同,R11独立的与R2相同,R12独立的与R1相同,或(c)与R4共同形成如下C环:
其中当C环存在时,R4*为氢;
(5)n为0或1,并且当n为1时,R3*为(C1-C6)烷基(与之相连接的氮带正电荷)或氧(形成N-氧化物),X为碳;
(5’)Q与所述环上氮和带有R5的环上碳共同形成C环,其中C环为3-8元环、被3-6元螺环取代的3-8元环或与5-6元环稠合的3-8元环,其中缺少所述环上氮的稠合环可以为芳环或杂芳环,其中对每一个C环的组成环而言具有选自氧、硫或氮的多至二个杂原子,包括所述氮和其余的碳,其前提为所述环原子包括所述氮正是季氮,其前提为在饱和环中,至少二个插入碳原子将环上氮原子与环上其它杂原子分隔开来:
其中C环的碳和氮环原子可以用选自下列的取代基取代:(C1-C6)烷基、(C2-C6)亚链烯基、氰基、硝基、三氟甲基、(C2-C7)烷氧基羰基、(C1-C6)亚烷基、羟基、(C1-C6)烷氧基、氧基、羟基羰基、如Rxa所定义的芳基或如Rxa定义的杂芳基,其前提为被亚烷基、羟基羰基或氧基所取代的环上原子为碳,进一步的前提为被羟基或烷氧基所取代的环上原子与环上其它杂原子被至少二个插入碳原子分离开来;
(6)R4和R4*独立为氢或(C1-C6)烷基或R4和R4*其中之一可以为(C1-C6)羟基烷基;和
(7)R5为(CO)NR13R14、(CO)OR15、(CO)SR16、(SO2)NR17R18、(PO)(OR19)(OR20)、(CR22)(OR23)(OR24)、CN或四唑-5-基,其中R13、R14、R15、R16、R17、R18、R19和R20分别独立为氢、可能包括(C3-C8)环烷基的(C1-C8)烷基(其中与R15的氧或与R16的硫连接的碳没有超过二级支链)、(C2-C6)羟基烷基、氨基烷基(其中烷基为C2-C6,氨基可能被多至二个独立的(C1-C6)烷基所取代)、芳基烷基(其中烷基为C1-C6)、杂芳基烷基(其中烷基为C1-C6)、芳基或杂芳基,R22为氢或OR25,R23、R24和R25为(C1-C6)烷基、苯基、苄基、乙酰基或,当R22为氢时,R23和R24的烷基可以结合成包括1,3-二氧戊环或1,3-二氧六环:
其中所述芳基为苯基或萘基,杂芳基为五元环、六元环、与五元环稠合的六元环、与六元环稠合的五元环或与六元环稠合的六元环,其中所述杂芳基为芳香基并含有选自包括氧、硫和氮的杂原子,而剩余环上原子为碳;
其中芳基、杂芳基、杂芳基烷基的芳基或芳基烷基或杂芳基可以被选自包括下列的取代基[优选多至三个]所取代:氟、氯、溴、硝基、氰基、羟基、三氟甲基、可有多至二个独立的(C1-C6)N-烷基取代基的氨基磺酰基、(C1-C6)烷基、(C2-C6)链烯基、(C1-C6)烷基胺、其中每一个烷基为独立的C1-C6的二烷基胺、氨基、(C1-C6)烷氧基、(C2-C7)链烷酰基、(C2-C7)链烷酰氧基、三氟甲氧基、羟基羰基、(C2-C7)烷氧基羰基、可被多至二个独立的(C1-C6)烷基N-取代的氨基羰基、(C1-C6)烷基磺酰基、可被多至三个(C1-C6)烷基取代的脒基、或用二个氧与芳环或杂芳环上相邻位置键合的亚甲二氧基或亚乙二氧基,该亚甲二氧基或亚乙二氧基可用多至二个独立的(C1-C6)烷基取代;和
其中R13和R14可与氮一起形成含有选自氧和硫的另外一个杂原子的5-7元环。
在优选的实施方案中,Q环为4-8元环,它包括所述环上氮原子,而其它剩余环上原子为碳。
优选,(A)至少Rxa、Rya和R2a之一被下列取代基所取代:氟、氯、溴、羟基、三氟甲基、三氟甲氧基、硝基、氰基、(C3-C8)烷基、Rq、RrO-、RsS-,(B)R3为氢、(C1-C6)烷基或苯基或其中烷基为C1-C6的苯基烷基,该苯基也可被Rxa的芳基或杂芳基所定义的相同取代基所取代,或(C)Rxa、Rya和R2a的环结构,包括其取代基,否则包括至少二个共同含有15-20个环原子的芳香环结构。优选(C)条下结构的例子包括A45、A53、A56、A57、A60-5、A73-74、A78-81、A86-89、A93-96、A99、A100、A102、A105-106、A108-109、A116、A122-123和A176。优选,至少Rxa、Rya和R2a之一被氟、三氟甲基、三氟甲氧基、硝基、氰基或(C3-C8)烷基取代。优选Rxa、Rya和R2a被Rq、RrO-或RsS-所取代。优选,至少Rxa、Rya和R2a之一的芳基或杂芳基为苯基。优选,Ryb和为氧杂、亚甲氧基、硫杂、亚甲硫杂。优选,Ryb为氧杂或硫杂。优选,R5为(CO)NR13R14、(CO)OR15或(CO)SR16。
在一个实施方案中,R15为(C2-C6)烷基、(C2-C4)羟基烷基、苯基、其中烷基为C1-C3的苯基烷基或其中烷基为C2-C6和氨基可被多至二个独立的(C1-C3)烷基取代的氨基烷基。其中苯基或苯基烷基的苯基可如上所述被取代。优选,n为0。优选,R15为氢。优选R4为氢、甲基或羟甲基,R4*为氢。优选,至少Rxa、Rya和R2a之一为杂芳基,它包括二唑基、三唑基、四唑基、噻唑基、异噻唑基、噁唑基、异噁唑基、硫羟基、二嗪基、三嗪基、苯并唑基、苯并二唑基、苯并噻唑基、苯并噁唑基、benzoxolyl、benzothiolyl、喹啉基、异喹啉基、苯并二嗪基、苯并三嗪基、吡啶基、噻吩基、呋喃基、吡咯基、吲哚基、异吲哚基或嘧啶基。优选,R1为-O-R8或-S-R8*。优选,Rxa、Rya和R2a中二个之间的第二个键接((2iii)(d)(i.)部分的)为L并满足下式:其中A和B分别为Rxa和Rya的芳基或杂芳基。优选,Rxa-Rxb、Rya-Ryb与X形成:其中Y为以单键或双键与R1连接的碳或与R1连接的氮,其中R21(i.)形成连接Rx和Ry的二个芳基或杂芳基的单键,(ii.)为(C1-C2)亚烷基或亚链烯基,(iii.)为硫或(iv.)为氧,其中Rx和Ry可如前所述被取代。优选R21为CH2CH2或CH=CH。优选,Rxa、Rya、R2a、Rq、Rr或Rs的亚烷二氧基取代基如下:或
其中亚烷二氧基可被多至二个独立的(C1-C3)烷基所取代。
在一个优选的实施方案中,Rxa和Rya一起可被多至六个取代基所取代,R2a、Rq、Rr和R3中的每一个可被多至三个取代基所取代,其中Rq、Rr或Rs中每一个的存在都被认为是Rxa、Rya和R2a的分别的环结构的取代基。优选,R3的苯基被多至三个取代基所取代。优选,本化合物为旋光纯对映体(例如,至少约80%ee,优选至少约90%ee,更优选至少约95%ee)。优选,本化合物为含有药学上可接受赋形剂的药用组合物的一部分。优选,本组合物中的化合物以有效量存在以用于:
(1)治疗或预防精神分裂症,
(2)提高治疗或预防痴呆症,
(3)治疗或预防癫痫,
(4)治疗或预防痉挛状态,
(5)治疗或预防肌肉痉挛,
(6)治疗或预防疼痛,
(7)预防中风后神经细胞死亡,
(8)预防患神经变性疾病的动物的神经细胞死亡,
(9)治疗或预防心境障碍如抑郁症,
(10)增强记忆或学习能力,或
(11)治疗或预防学习障碍。
在另一实施方案中,本发明提供了下述方法:(1)治疗或预防精神分裂症,包括给予精神分裂症患者治疗或预防有效量的化合物,(2)治疗或预防痴呆症,包括给予痴呆症患者治疗或预防有效量的化合物,(3)治疗或预防癫痫,包括给予癫痫患者治疗或预防有效量的化合物,(4)治疗或预防痉挛状态,包括给予痉挛状态患者治疗或预防有效量的化合物,(5)治疗或预防肌肉痉挛,包括给予肌肉痉挛患者治疗或预防有效量的化合物,(6)治疗或预防疼痛,包括给予疼痛患者治疗或预防有效量的化合物,(7)预防中风后神经细胞死亡,包括给予神经细胞死亡患者预防有效量的化合物,(8)预防患神经变性疾病的动物的神经细胞死亡,(9)治疗或预防心境障碍如抑郁症,(10)增强记忆或学习能力,或(11)治疗或预防学习障碍,包括给予所述治疗、预防或增强有效量的式XI化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,其中其取代基如上所定义,但R25不同于R1,在于它可以为直链C4脂肪族基团。优选,治疗或预防的痉挛状态与癫痫、中风、头部创伤、多发性硬化症、脊髓创伤或肌张力障碍有关。优选,治疗或预防的神经变性性疾病为Alzheimer氏疾病、多梗塞性痴呆、AIDS痴呆、Parkinson氏疾病、Huntington氏疾病、肌萎缩性侧索硬化或中风或头部创伤(如可导致神经细胞死亡)。
在另外的实施方案中,本发明提供合成本发明化合物的方法,包括:
A)使下式之一化合物,
2)B)使下式化合物
在另一实施方案中,本发明提供了合成本发明化合物的方法,包括:
A)将下式化合物
2)
在另一实施方案中,本发明提供了合成本发明化合物的方法,它包括将RdNH2用下式化合物还原烷基化其中Rd和Rc独立的与Rx的定义的相同,并且其中R27与R1定义相同,但它不包括氮、氧或硫并且也不包括任何与上述羰基共轭的双键。
在另一实施方案中,本发明提供了合成本发明化合物的方法,它包括使RfOH或Rf*SH与下式化合物反应分别形成醚或硫醚,其中Rf或Rf*独立的与Rx所定义的相同,其中R27与R1定义相同,但它不包括氮、氧或硫并且也不包括任何与上述L5-取代碳相结合的原子上的双键,其中L5为亲核取代离去基团。
在另一实施方案中,本发明提供了合成本发明化合物的方法,它包括使下式化合物脱水形成下式化合物其中C*(叔碳用相邻的“*”标示)与相邻的碳形成双键,R28*和R28与R1定义相同,但是R28*和R28不包括杂原子。
附图简述
图1描述可以用于合成本发明化合物的数种反应。
图2描述制备本发明化合物所用的代表性合成反应。
图3说明另外的制备本发明化合物所用的代表性合成反应。
图4说明另外的制备本发明化合物所用的代表性合成反应。
定义
下列术语具有下面定义的意义:
·赋形剂
赋形剂为适合胃肠外、经肠(如口服或吸入)或局部使用的药学上可接受的有机或无机载体物质,它们不与所述的活性组合物起不利的反应。适当的药学上可接受的载体包括(但不限于)水、盐溶液、醇、阿拉伯胶、苄醇、明胶、碳水化合物如乳糖、直链淀粉或淀粉、硬脂酸镁、滑石粉、硅酸、羟甲基纤维素、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮等。
·有效量
临床医生认为“有效量”的意义包括达到下列作用的有效量(1)减少、改善或消除一种或多种待治疗疾病的症状,(2)减少与待治疗疾病的治疗相关的药理变化,或(3)预防或减少疾病的发生频率。
·神经元细胞死亡的预防
如果在给予本发明的化合物后预期产生细胞死亡量的减少,那么神经元细胞死亡被“预防”。
·氧代取代
所谓作为“取代基”的氧代指“=O”取代。
详述
尽管本领域的技术人员可以认识到另外的流程,但是本发明的化合物一般可以根据下列合成流程之一制备。
反应1
在反应1或反应2中,L1和L2为良好的亲核取代离去基团,例如卤化物,特别是溴化物、甲苯磺酸酯、溴苯磺酸酯(对-溴苯磺酸酯)等。该反应优选在碱例如碳酸钾或叔胺如二异丙基乙胺存在下进行。当所述离去基团为卤化物时,该反应优选在碘化物盐例如碘化钾存在下进行。适当的有机溶剂包括例如甲醇、二氧六环、乙腈或二甲基甲酰胺。反应1优选在约50-约100℃温度范围内进行。反应2优选在约15-约40℃温度范围内进行。避免更高的温度可以帮助减少另外的烷基化产物的形成。本领域的技术人员可以认识到反应2使用无环C的化合物进行。
在反应3中,R1*符合R1的定义,除了不存在在起始原料中作为醛基团一部分的碳。通过几个已知的方法可完成反应3或反应4的还原烷基化(例如,见“Reductive Alkylation,”W.S.Emerson in OrganicReactions,Vol.4,John Wiley&Sons,1948,p.174 et seq.),它包括在催化剂如钯炭存在下与氢反应,当易于催化氢化的基团存在时,与氰基硼氢化钠反应或与三乙酰氧基硼氢化钠反应。可以认识到在该反应中形成中间体Schiff氏碱,将其还原形成键。可以分离中间体Schiff氏碱,然后在独立的反应中还原。溶剂选择可以随各种因素变化,例如原料的溶解性、溶剂有利于脱水反应形成Schiff氏碱的程度以及溶剂在还原过程中的适用性。用催化氢化还原Schiff氏碱的适合的溶剂包括乙醇。用硼氢化物还原Schiff氏碱的适合的溶剂包括醇性溶剂,例如甲醇或乙醇。在某些情况下,在促进形成被还原的Schiff氏碱的脱水反应的过程中,可以使用干燥过程。此类干燥过程包括在选择的条件下回流去除作为共沸物的水,或使用分子筛或其它的干燥试剂。适当的反应温度包括从约20℃至所使用的溶剂的回流温度。
在反应5中,如图1所示,Rc独立与Rx定义相同。如用下列的反应13(与反应1相似)的方法可以合成原料I:
反应13:其中R27与R1定义相同,但是它不包括氮、氧或硫,不包括与上述的羰基共轭的任何双键,且其中L3为良好的亲核取代离去基团如卤化物,特别是溴化物、甲苯磺酸酯、溴代苯磺酸酯(对-溴代苯磺酸酯)等。在如图1所示的反应5中,在进行如反应3和反应4所述还原烷基化的条件下,使Rd-NH2与I反应得到II。Rd独立与Rx定义相同。或者,在反应1所述的条件下,通过反应18使Rd-NH2与VIII反应可以合成II。
在如图1所示的反应6中,Re独立与Rx定义相同。在反应6中,使I与有机金属试剂例如芳基锂或芳基或芳烷基Grignard试剂反应形成III,如在Cary和Sundberg的Advanced Organic Chemistry(Part 2,Plenum,New York,1977,第170-180页)的第5.1.2节中所述并在此引用作为参考。在下面将就化合物A32的合成对该反应进行更详细描述(实施例5A的步骤2)。本领域的普通技术人员可以理解在某些其中R5包括酯的情况下,可以使有机金属试剂与所述酯基团反应,在所述产物产率太低的情况下,可以改变溶剂、有机金属试剂或所述酯取代基。
在如图1所示的反应7中,使III经历适于脱水的条件形成IV的双键。此类条件为如H.Weiland(Ber.45:484 et seq.(1912))所述的条件,其中将III与乙酸酐一起回流。例如,所述双键与R27的相邻的碳原子形成。双键一般在这样的定向的条件下形成,其中Rc和Re为芳基或杂芳基,R27的相邻的碳为饱和的且不完全被取代,但是根据Rc、Re和R27的组成其它的定向也是可能的。
在如图1所述的反应8中,例如用还原碳-碳双键的任何已知的方法,例如在适当的氢化催化剂存在下的催化氢化,可以使IV还原形成V。该方法的实例在以下化合物A4中描述(实施例10)。
在如图1所示的反应9中,如在酰化催化剂例如4-二甲基氨基吡啶存在下,用乙酸酐使III酰化。在该情况下,R3不能为氢,尽管在反应9后,通过用适当的保护基团掩蔽氮,在该位上可以恢复氢取代基。
在如图1所示的反应10中,I的酮部分可以被还原,例如用选择性还原酮的多种已知方法之一,例如与三-叔-丁氧基氢化铝锂。该方法的实例在下面的化合物A31的制备中被描述(实施例8A步骤1)。
在如图1所示的反应11中,通过使VII与例如亚硫酰氯或亚硫酰溴反应,可以使VII的羟基被离去基团L5取代,其中所述离去基团为例如氯或溴。该方法的实例在下面的化合物A31的制备中被描述(实施例8A步骤2)。
在如图1所示的反应12中,Rf独立地与Rx定义相同。在碱例如碳酸钾或氢化钠存在下,使VIII与RfOH反应。或者,通过使VIII与RfOH反应可以合成IX的含硫类似物。该方法的实例在下面的化合物A31的制备中被描述(实施例8A步骤3)。在单一反应釜中,如通过Mitzunobu反应(如在实施例8C步骤1和8D步骤2中所述),可以进行反应11和12的转化。或者,可以使VII直接与芳基卤化物或氯化物,优选芳基氟或芳基氯反应形成IX,如美国专利5166437和5362886所述。可以理解在该反应中使用的芳基卤化物一般具有利于该反应的吸电子基团,例如在对位的三氟甲基或硝基。1-氟萘也适合该反应,因为与氟取代环稠合的环为吸电子基团。
在反应19中,如实施例8C步骤1中所述,使VII与RdNHSO2Ar反应产生X。在反应20中,如实施例8C步骤2中所述,将X转化为II。
可以使用多种其它的熟知的合成路线。例如,通过相应的酯的水解可以形成酸。通过伯、仲或叔胺的烷基化可以形成胺衍生物。多种含有双键的化合物可以被还原形成相应的单键。通过已知的方法,一般可以由相应叔氮形成本发明的N-氧化物化合物。
在某些情况下,可以修改上述的化学方法,例如通过使用保护基团以阻止因为活性基团如插入杂环或作为取代基连接的活性基团的副反应。
也可以通过在上述常规的化学方法中引入固相合成技术制备本发明的化合物。例如,R13、R15、R16、R17和R20为代表官能化的树脂或与官能化的树脂连接的适当选择的连接物的残基(不是氢)。所述连接物和由R5代表的官能基团在上述反应使用的条件下应该是稳定的。然后可以从所述树脂或连接物上裂解其中R13、R15、R16、R17和R20为氢的本发明的化合物,而留下完整的分子。例如,Zuckermann等(J.Am.Chem.Soc.,114,10646-10647,(1992))和Spellmeyer等(WO95/04072)描述使用自动合成仪进行的固相合成类胨[寡(N-取代的甘氨酸)]。在相似的条件下,在N,N’-二异丙基碳二亚胺存在下,用溴代乙酸进行Rink酰胺聚苯乙烯树脂的酰化反应,接着用N-取代的胺置换溴(反应2),然后裂解可以得到N-取代的甘氨酰胺(R13和R14为氢)。
化合物Al2为用反应I合成A9的双烷基化副产物。
可以制备插入=N-O-的本发明的化合物,例如可以通过用O-(2-卤代乙基)链烷酮肟(可以通过链烷酮与羟胺缩合制备)使胺(例如肌氨酸或甘氨酸)烷基化,接着进行O-烷基化(例如用1,2-二卤代乙烷)制备。
可以认识到在此所述的这些化合物的许多盐的形式是可以得到的,并且适合用于本发明中或本发明化合物的合成中。本发明认为在存在立体异构体的情况下,一种异构体可能比另一种异构体更有活性,在此情况下需要分离特定的异构体形式。当然,本发明包括这两种特定的立体异构体和外消旋混合物。如在此所述,使用化学方法,也可以使用例如商业可得到的、旋光纯的原料(或用对映选择反应制备)合成本发明化合物的旋光纯的形式。可以认识到此类旋光纯的化合物包括在本发明中。对映体过量(“ee”)可以用纯化技术例如结晶或在手性载体上的层析来提高。对映体过量也可以用多种分析技术包括NMR、旋光度测定和适当的层析技术来定量。
另外,相关的化合物在两篇与其母申请同时递交的美国专利申请中描述,该申请为美国专利序列号08/655912(Docket No.317743-106,Ognyanov等)、美国专利序列号08/655847(Docket No.317743-107,Ognyanov等)、美国专利序列号08/807682(PHARMACEUTICAL FORTREATMENT OF NEUROPSYCHIATRIC AND NEUROLOGICALDISORDERS,Docket No.317743-106A,Ognyanov等)和美国专利序列号08/807681(PHARMACEUTICAL FOR TREATING OFNEUROLOGICAL AND NEUROPSYCYCHIATRIC DISORDERS,DocketNo.317743-107A,Ognyanov等)。
在优选的实施方案中,至少下列一种情况适用:
如果R15为氢,R1为亚丙基,那么至少一种情况[优选至少两种情况,更优选至少三种情况]适用(1)Rx和Ry不是对-氟代苯基,(2)Rx和Ry之一包括杂芳基,(3)Ry为芳烷基、杂芳烷基、芳氧基、杂芳氧基、芳基甲氧基、杂芳基甲氧基、芳硫基、杂芳硫基、芳甲硫基、杂芳基甲硫基、Ar-N(R6)-或Ar-CH2-N(R6*)-,(4)R2为RxaRxb-,(5)R2*不是氢,(6)R3不是氢,(7)n为1,或(8)R3和R4形成环Q;
如果R15为氢,R1为亚乙基或X-R1为亚丙-1-烯基,那么至少一种情况[优选至少两种情况,更优选至少三种情况]适用:(1)至少Rx和Ry之一的芳基被不同于氢的基团取代,(2)Rx和Ry之一包括杂芳基,(3)Ry为芳烷基、杂芳烷基、芳氧基、杂芳氧基、芳基甲氧基、杂芳基甲氧基、芳硫基、杂芳硫基、芳甲硫基、杂芳基甲硫基、Ar-N(R6)-或Ar-CH2-N(R6*)-、(4)R2为RxaRxb-,(5)R2*不是氢,(6)R3不是氢,(7)n为1,或(8)R3和R4形成环Q;
如果R5为C(O)NH2,那么至少一种情况[优选至少两种情况,更优选至少三种情况]适用:(1)至少Rx和Ry之一的芳基被不同于氢的基团取代,(2)Rx和Ry之一包括杂芳基,(3)Ry为芳烷基、杂芳烷基、芳氧基、杂芳氧基、芳基甲氧基、杂芳基甲氧基、芳硫基、杂芳硫基、芳甲硫基、杂芳基甲硫基、Ar-N(R6)-或Ar-CH2-N(R6*)-,(4)R2为RxaRxb-,(5)R2*不是氢,(6)R3不是氢,(7)n为1,(8)R1不是亚乙基,或(9)R3和R4形成环Q;
如果R13为氢,R14为(3,4-二氢-2H-1-苯并吡喃-4-基)亚甲基,那么至少一种情况[优选至少两种情况,更优选至少三种情况]适用:(1)至少Rx和Ry之一的芳基被不同于氢的基团取代,(2)Rx和Ry之一包括杂芳基,(3)Ry为芳烷基、杂芳烷基、芳氧基、杂芳氧基、芳基甲氧基、杂芳基甲氧基、芳硫基、杂芳硫基、芳甲硫基、杂芳基甲硫基、Ar-N(R6)-或Ar-CH2-N(R6*)-,(4)R2为RxaRxb-,(5)R2*不是氢,(6)R3不是乙基,(7)n为1,或(8)R3和R4形成环Q;和
如果R2为苯基、对-甲基苯基或对-甲氧基苯基,那么至少一种情况[优选至少两种情况,更优选至少三种情况]适用:(1)Rx和Ry的芳基不被对-甲基苯基或对-甲氧基苯基取代,(2)至少Rx和Ry之一的芳基被不同于氢的基团取代,(3)Rx和Ry之一包括杂芳基,(4)Ry为芳烷基、杂芳烷基、芳氧基、杂芳氧基、芳基甲氧基、杂芳基甲氧基、芳硫基、杂芳硫基、芳甲硫基、杂芳基甲硫基、Ar-N(R6)-或Ar-CH2-N(R6*)-,(5)R1不是氨基亚乙基、OR8或SR8*,(6)n为1,或(7)R3和R4形成环Q。
在所述方法的一个优选的实施方案中,特别是在治疗或预防癫痫或痉挛状态或增强记忆时,该化合物与上述(f)段相符。
甘氨酸转运蛋白基因和它们各自的基因产物负责甘氨酸由突触间隙重摄取进入前突触神经末梢或神经胶质细胞,因此终止甘氨酸的作用。神经性疾病或与甘氨酸受体活性的不适当的控制有关的紊乱或可以用调节甘氨酸受体活性的治疗药物治疗的疾病包括痉挛状态(Becker,FASEB Journal,4,2767-2774(1990))和疼痛的感知(Yaksh,Pain,37,111-123(1989))。另外,甘氨酸可以与N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸(NMDA)受体相互作用,而该受体与学习和记忆疾病和某些临床疾病例如癫痫、Alzheimer氏病以及其它与识别相关的疾病和精神分裂症有关(见Rison和Stanton,Neurosci.Biobehav.Rev.,19,533-552(1995);Danysz等,Behavioral Pharmacol.,6,455-474(1995))。
抑制GlyT-1介导的甘氨酸转运的化合物可增加NMDA受体上的甘氨酸浓度,在其它的位置中,这些受体位于前脑。这种浓度的增加可以提高NMDA受体的活性,因此可以减轻精神分裂症并增强认识功能。另外,与NMDA受体的甘氨酸受体组分直接相互作用的化合物分别与GlyT-1活性的抑制或增强引起的细胞外甘氨酸的增加或降低的可利用性具有相同或相似的作用(见例如Pitkanen等,Eur.J.Pharmacol.,253,125-129(1994);Thiels等.,Neuroscience,46,501-509(1992);Kreschmer和Schmidt,J.Neurosci.,16,1561-1569(1996))。抑制GlyT-2介导的甘氨酸转运的化合物可以增加主要位于脑干和脊髓的受体上的甘氨酸的浓度,其中甘氨酸作为突触传递的抑制剂。这些化合物对癫痫、疼痛和痉挛状态、肌痉挛和其它的此类疾病有效(如见Becker,FASEB J.,4,2767-2774(1990)和Yaksh,Pain,37,111-123(1989))。
本发明的化合物例如可以经下列方式给药:经口、舌下、直肠、鼻内、阴道、局部(包括使用贴剂或其它的透皮传递装置)、经肺途径的气雾剂或胃肠外包括例如肌内、皮下、腹膜内、动脉内、静脉内或鞘内。可以通过阶段性或连续释放泵的方式给药。本发明的化合物可以单独给药或与标准的药学实践中的药学上可接受的载体或赋形剂混合给药。经口方式给药时,本发明的化合物可以以片剂、胶囊剂、锭剂、咀嚼胶、糖锭、粉剂、糖浆、酏剂、水溶液以及悬浮液等形式使用。在为片剂的情况下,使用的载体包括乳糖、柠檬酸钠和磷酸盐。各种崩解剂例如淀粉以及润滑剂例如硬脂酸镁和滑石粉常常用于片剂中。若为口服给药的胶囊剂形式时,有用的稀释剂为乳糖和高分子量聚乙二醇。如果需要,可以加入部分甜味剂和/或矫味剂。胃肠外给药时,通常制备本发明化合物的无菌溶液,可以对这些溶液的pH进行适当的调整和缓冲。静脉使用时,应该控制溶质的总浓度以使所述制剂等渗。若经眼给药时,可以用本领域已知的眼传递系统例如涂药器或眼点滴器传递软膏或可滴用的液体。这些组合物可以包括粘性模拟物质(mucomimetics)如透明质酸、硫酸软骨素、羟丙基甲基纤维素或聚乙烯醇,防腐剂如山梨酸、EDTA或苄基氯化铬,以及常用量的稀释剂和/或载体。对于肺部给药,应选择适当的稀释剂和/或载体以便于形成气溶胶。
本发明化合物的栓剂形式可用于阴道、尿道和直肠给药。这样的栓剂通常由室温时为固态但在体温下可融化的物质的混合物所构成。通常用于构成此类载体的物质包括可可油、含甘油明胶、氢化植物油、不同分子量的聚乙烯乙二醇与聚乙二醇的脂肪酸酯的混合物。关于栓剂剂型的进一步的讨论可参见Remington’s Pharmaceutical Science,16th Ed.,Mack Publishing,Easton,PA,1980,pp.1530-1533。相似的凝胶或乳油可用于阴道、尿道和直肠给药。
对于本领域的普通技术人员而言,大量的给药载体将是熟知的,包括但不限于缓释制剂、质脂体制剂和聚合基质。
本发明所使用的药学上可接受的酸加成盐的例子包括那些衍生自无机酸如盐酸、氢溴酸、磷酸、偏磷酸、硝酸和硫酸的盐以及衍生自有机酸如酒石酸、乙酸、柠檬酸、苹果酸、乳酸、富马酸、苯甲酸、乙醇酸、葡糖酸、琥珀酸、对-甲苯磺酸和芳香基磺酸的盐。本发明所使用的药学上可接受的碱加成盐的例子包括那些衍生自非毒性金属如钠或钾的盐、铵盐和有机胺盐如三乙胺盐。大量的适当的上述盐是普通技术人员所熟知的。
医师和其它健康专家可以根据患者的体重、年龄和身体状况选择适当的剂量和治疗方案。剂量一般选择为维持本发明化合物的血清水平范围在约0.01μg/cc到约1000μg/cc之间,优选在约0.1μg/cc到约100μg/cc之间。对于胃肠外给药,给药可选择的优选量为从约0.001mg/kg到约10mg/kg(可选择,从约0.01mg/kg到约10mg/kg),更优选从约0.01mg/kg到约1mg/kg(从约0.1mg/kg到约1mg/kg)。对于口服给药,可选择的优选给药量为从约0.001mg/kg到约10mg/kg(从约0.1mg/kg到约10mg/kg),更优选从约0.01mg/kg到约1mg/kg(从约0.1mg/kg到约1mg/kg)。对于栓剂形式给药,可选择的优选给药量为从约0.1mg/kg到约10mg/kg,更优选从约0.1mg/kg到约1mg/kg。
在用于抑制甘氨酸转运活性测定时,已经转染真核细胞(优选为得自鹑成纤维细胞的QT-6细胞)以表达三种已知的人GlyT-1的变异体,即GlyT-1a、GlyT-1b或GlyT-1c之一或人GlyT-2。这些GlyT-1转运蛋白的序列由Kim等述于Molec.Pharm.45:608-617,1994,除编码GlyT-1a N-末端的序列仅是由相应的大鼠序列推出的外。还没有证实编码N-末端蛋白序列与Kim等推出的相符。人GlyT-2的序列由Albert等述于美国专利申请08/700013(1996年8月20日递交,在此引入作参考)中。适当的表达载体包括pRc/CMV(Invitrogen)、Zap表达载体(Stratagene Cloning Systems,LaJolla,CA;此后称“Stratagene”)、pBk/CMV或pBk/RSV载体(Stratagene)、BluescriptII SK+/-Phagemid载体(Stratagene)、LacSwitch(Stratagene)、pMAM和pMAM neo(Clontech)等。适当的表达载体能够培养在适当的宿主细胞,优选非-哺乳动物宿主细胞(可以为真核细胞、真菌或原核细胞)中的GlyT DNA的表达。此类优选的宿主细胞包括两栖类、鸟类、真菌类、昆虫类和节肢动物细胞。
如上所讨论,本发明的化合物具有多种药理作用。这些化合物的相对效能可以用多种方法评价,这些方法包括:
·比较通过GlyT-1和GlyT-2转运蛋白介导的活性。该试验可以鉴定化合物(a)可以更有效地对抗GlyT-1转运蛋白,因此在治疗或预防精神分裂症、增强认识、增加记忆中更有用或(b)更有效对抗GlyT-2转运蛋白,因此在治疗或预防癫痫、疼痛、痉挛状态或肌痉挛时更有用。
·检测与NMDA受体的结合。该试验确定在该位点是否有充分的结合、是拮抗活性还是激动活性以保证该结合的药理作用的进一步检测。
·检测这些化合物增加或减小初级神经元组织培养物中钙通量的活性。增加钙通量的受试化合物或者(a)对NMDA受体具有极小或无拮抗活性,因此不应该通过GlyT-1转运蛋白抑制影响甘氨酸活性的效力,或者(b)如果与用作比较的GlyT-1抑制剂相比观察到增加显著,并与NMDA受体有极小的直接作用,那么该化合物为受体激动剂。在为上述之一的情况下,该试验证实具有治疗或预防精神分裂症、增强认识或增加记忆的活性。相反,降低钙通量的受试化合物具有多余的作用,其中受体的拮抗剂活性超过化合物通过抑制甘氨酸转运而增加甘氨酸活性的活性。在这种情况下,该试验证实具有下列活性即限制或预防中风或其它局部缺血-诱导的疾病后产生的细胞破坏和细胞死亡或限制或与预防神经变性性疾病有关的细胞破坏。
在此所述的治疗或预防所有动物的方法优选适用于哺乳动物,最优选人。
下列实施例进一步说明本发明,但是不在任何方面限制其范围。
实施例1 N-[(4,4-二苯基)丁-3-烯基]甘氨酸乙酯(化合物A26)的合成
于氩气环境,搅拌下,将5.95g(20.7mmol)4-溴代-1,1-二苯基-1-丁烯(根据F.A.Ali等所述,J.Med.Chem.,28:653-660,1985制备)、4.71g(33.7mmol)甘氨酸乙酯盐酸盐(Aldrich,Milwaukee,WI)、11.62g(84mmol)碳酸钾和1.06g(6.38mmol)碘化钾的50ml乙腈混合液回流7小时。过滤该反应混合物,蒸除溶剂,残留物经硅胶柱层析,用20%乙酸乙酯的己烷溶液洗脱,得到3.70g(产率58%)的N-[(4,4-二苯基)丁-3-烯基]甘氨酸乙酯(化合物A26),为油状物。产物的NMR为:1HNMR(CDCl3,300MHz)7.60-7.00(m,10H),6.09(t,1H),4.16(q,2H),3.35(s,2H),2.71(t,2H),2.32(dt,2H),1.25(t,3H),13CNMR(CDCl3,75MHz)172.29,143.25,142.37,139.82,129.72,128.13,128.04,127.97,127.13,126.92,126.88,126.68,60.56,50.73,49.32,30.33,14.14。
实施例2根据反应1的另外的合成方法如下用反应1合成另外的化合物:化合物 试剂 氨基酸或前体 溶剂 收率A1 1 B X 27%A2 1 C X 35%A7 7 E X 9%A9 4 E X 47%A11 1 A X 70%A12 4 E X 7%A14 2 D X 15%A18 6 E X 50%A23 5 E X 26%A24 3 D Y 20%A43 8 F X 12%A52 9 F X 28%A57 10 F X 31%A67 11 F X 10%A71 12 E X 28%A75 13 F X 73%A77 14 F X 36%A85 15 F X 86%A87 16 F X 59%A90 17 E X 16%A95 17 F X 65%A96 17 E X 50%A104 15 E X 62%A106 18 F X 65%A121 19 E X 3%A122 19 E X 40%A123 19 F X 72%A130 20 E X 6%A132 21 F X 90%A134 21 E X 67%A170 6 F X 72%A48 22 F X 87%A50 23 F X 81%A53 24 F X 76%A59 25 F X 77%A61 26 F X 91%A63 27 F X 91%A70 28 F X 89%A73 29 F X 86%A74 30 F X 76%A78 31 F X 49%A80 32 F X 66%A82 33 F X 38%A83 33 E X 25%A88 34 F X 55%A89 35 F X 75%A99 36 F X 56%A100 37 F X 67%A111 38 F X 34%A117 39 F X 58%A118 40 F X 89%A120 41 F X 62%A125 42 F X 46%A126 43 E X 57%A127 44 E X 5%A128 44 E X 53%A129 44 F X 66%A138 45 F X 48%A140 46 F X 69%A141 47 F X 51%A142 48 F X 67%A143 49 F X 61%A145 50 F X 98%A155 51 F X 70%A156 52 F X 65%A158 53 F X 59%A159 54 F X 85%A160 55 F X 87%A171 56 F X 88%A173 57 F X 81%A177 58 F X 84%A178 58 F X 60%A179 59 F X 68%A180 24 G X 85%
试剂:
1)4-溴代-1,1-二苯基-1-丁烯(根据F.A.Ali等,J.Med.Chem.,28:653-660,1985所述制备);2)1,1’-(4-氯代亚丁基)双(4-氟代苯)(Acros Organics,Pittsburgh,PA);3)二苯甲基2-溴代乙基醚(根据M.R.Pavia等,J.Med.Chem.35:4238-4248,1992所述制备);4)9-芴基乙醇对-甲苯硫酸酯[由LiAlH4还原9-芴乙酸甲酯(Aldrich)为2-(9-芴基)乙醇,接着甲苯磺酰化制备];5)4-溴代-2,2-二苯基丁腈(Aldrich);6)3-双(4-氟代苯基)丙醇对-甲苯硫酸酯[由用氯代双(4-氟代苯基)甲烷(Aldrich)使丙二酸二乙酯(Aldrich)烷基化,接着水解并脱羧基,用LiAlH4还原一羧酸,使形成的醇甲苯磺酰化制备];7)10-(3-溴代-2-羟丙基)酚噻嗪[基本根据英国专利800635所述制备];8)3-三(4-氟代苯基)丙醇对甲苯磺酸酯[由用4,4’,4”-三氟三苯甲基溴(TCI America,Portland,OR)使丙二酸二乙酯(Aldrich)烷基化,接着水解并脱羧基,用LiAlH4还原一羧酸,使形成的醇甲苯磺酰化制备];9)3-环己基-3-苯基丙醇对甲苯磺酸酯[由使三乙基膦酰基乙酸酯的内鎓钠盐(Aldrich)与环己基苯基酮(Aldrich)进行Horner-Emmons反应,接着进行α,β-不饱和酯中间体的催化氢化,LiAlH4还原,使形成的醇甲苯磺酰化制备];10)3-三(4-甲氧基苯基)丙醇对甲苯磺酸酯[由用4,4’,4”-三甲氧基三苯甲基氯(Aldrich)使丙二酸二乙酯(Aldrich)烷基化,接着水解并脱羧基,用LiAlH4还原一羧酸,使形成的醇甲苯磺酰化制备];11)3-双(3-氟代苯基)丙醇对甲苯磺酸酯[由使三乙基膦酰基乙酸酯的内鎓钠盐(Aldrich)与3,3’-二氟代二苯酮(Aldrich)进行Horner-Emmons反应,接着进行α,β-不饱和酯中间体的催化氢化,LiAlH4还原,使形成的醇甲苯磺酰化制备];12)3,5-二苯基戊醇对甲苯磺酸酯[由使三乙基膦酰基乙酸酯的内鎓钠盐(Aldrich)与3-苯基苯基乙基酮(Pfaltz & Bauer ChemicalsCatalog,Waterbury,CT)进行Horner-Emmons反应,接着进行α,β-不饱和酯中间体的催化氢化,LiAlH4还原,使形成的醇甲苯磺酰化制备];13)3-双(4-苯氧基苯基)丙醇对甲苯磺酸酯[由使三乙基膦酰基乙酸酯的内鎓钠盐(Aldrich)与4,4’-二苯氧基二苯酮(Lancaster,Windham,NH)进行Horner-Emmons反应,接着进行α,β-不饱和酯中间体的催化氢化,LiAlH4还原,使形成的醇甲苯磺酰化制备];14)3-双(4-联苯基)丙醇对甲苯磺酸酯[由使三乙基膦酰基乙酸酯的内鎓钠盐(Aldrich)与4-苯甲酰基联苯(Aldrich)进行Horner-Emmons反应,接着进行α,β-不饱和酯中间体的催化氢化,LiAlH4还原,使形成的醇甲苯磺酰化制备];15)3-(4-叔丁基苯基-3-苯基)丙醇对甲苯磺酸酯[由使三乙基膦酰基乙酸酯的内鎓钠盐与4-叔丁基二苯酮(Aldrich)进行Horner-Emmons反应,接着进行α,β-不饱和酯中间体的催化氢化,LiAlH4还原,使形成的醇甲苯磺酰化制备];16)3,3,3-三(4-氯代苯基)丙醇对甲苯磺酸酯[由LiAlH4还原3,3,3-三(4-氯代丙酸)(Aldrich),接着使形成的醇甲苯磺酰化制备];17)3-(2-萘基-3-苯基)丙醇对甲苯磺酸酯[由使三乙基膦酰基乙酸酯的内鎓钠盐与2-苯甲酰基萘(Aldrich)进行Homer-Emmons反应,接着进行α,β-不饱和酯中间体的催化氢化,LiAlH4还原,使形成的醇甲苯磺酰化制备];18)3,3,3-三苯基丙醇对甲苯磺酸酯[由LiAlH4还原3,3,3-三苯基丙酸(Aldrich),接着使形成的醇甲苯磺酰化制备];19)3-(4-苯基苯基)-3-苯基丙醇对甲苯磺酸酯[由使三乙基膦酰基乙酸酯的内鎓钠盐与4-苯甲酰基联苯(Aldrich)进行Homer-Emmons反应,接着进行α,β-不饱和酯中间体的催化氢化,LiAlH4还原,使形成的醇甲苯磺酰化制备];20)1,2-二苯基丁-1,4-二醇对甲苯磺酸酯[用溴代乙酸乙酯(Aldrich)使脱氧苯偶姻C-烷基化,接着用LiAlH4还原中间体β-酮酯,使形成的二醇甲苯磺酰化制备];21)3-苯基-3-(4-三氟甲基苯基)丙醇对甲苯磺酸酯[由使三乙基膦酰基乙酸酯的内鎓钠盐与4-(三氟甲基)二苯酮(Aldrich)进行Homer-Emmons反应,接着进行α,β-不饱和酯中间体的催化氢化,LiAlH4还原,使形成的醇甲苯磺酰化制备];22)3-氯-1-(4-叔丁基苯氧基)-1-(4-氟代苯基)丙烷[由与U.S.专利5281624相似的方法,通过用1.0M硼烷-四氢呋喃配合物(“BTC”,Aldrich)使3-氯-4’-氟代苯基乙基酮(Aldrich)还原,接着用4-叔丁基苯酚(Aldrich)使产生的醇进行Mitzunobu反应(偶氮二羧酸二乙酯(“DEAD”)、Ph3P,见实施例8C步骤1)制备];23)3-氯-1-(2-甲基-5-吡啶基氧基)-1-苯基丙烷[由用1.0M BTC使3-氯代苯基乙基酮(Aldrich)还原,接着用5-羟基-2-甲基吡啶(Aldrich)使产生的醇进行Mitzunobu反应(DEAD,Ph3P)制备];24)3-氯-1-(4-苯基苯氧基)-1-(4-氟代苯基)丙烷[由用1.0M BTC使3-氯代-4’-氟代苯基乙基酮还原,接着用4-苯基苯酚(Aldrich)使产生的醇进行Mitzunobu反应(DEAD,Ph3P)制备];25)3-氯-1-(4-叔辛基苯氧基)-1-苯基丙烷[由用1.0M BTC使3-氯代苯基乙基酮还原,接着用4-叔丁基苯酚使产生的醇进行Mitzunobu反应(DEAD,Ph3P)制备];26)(R)-(+)-3-氯-1-(4-苯基苯氧基)-1-苯基丙烷[由用4-苯基苯酚(Aldrich)使(R)-(+)-3-氯-1-苯基-1-丙醇(Aldrich)进行Mitzunobu反应(DEAD,Ph3P)(如见U.S.专利5068432)(在图3反应27中说明)制备];制备化合物A61,其[α]D 25为+54.9°(c5.28,CHCl3);27)(S)-(-)-3-氯-1-(4-苯基苯氧基)-1-苯基丙烷[由用4-苯基苯酚(见美国专利5068432)使(S)-(-)-3-氯-1-苯基-1-丙醇进行Mitzunobu反应(DEAD,Ph3P)制备];28)3-氯-1-(4-叔丁基苯氧基)-1-苯基丙烷[由用1.0M BTC使3-氯代苯基乙基酮还原,接着用4-叔丁基苯酚使产生的醇进行Mitzunobu反应(DEAD,Ph3P)制备];29)3-氯-1-{4-[4-(三氟甲基)苯氧基]苯氧基}-1-苯基丙烷[由用1.0M BTC使3-氯代苯基乙基酮还原,接着用4-[4-三氟甲基)苯氧基]苯酚(Aldrich)使产生的醇进行Mitzunobu反应(DEAD,Ph3P)制备];30)3-氯-1-[4-(苯氧基)苯氧基]-1-苯基丙烷[由用1.0M BTC使3-氯代苯基乙基酮还原,接着用4-苯氧基苯酚(Aldrich)使产生的醇进行Mitzunobu反应(DEAD,Ph3P)制备];31)3-氯-1-[4-(4-溴代苯基)苯氧基]-1-(4-氟代苯基)丙烷[由用1.0M BTC使3-氯代苯基乙基酮还原,接着用4-(4-溴代苯基)苯酚(Aldrich)使产生的醇进行Mitzunobu反应(DEAD,Ph3P)制备];32)3-氯-1-[4-(4-氰基苯基)苯氧基]-1-苯基丙烷[由用1.0M BTC使3-氯代苯基乙基酮还原,接着用4’-羟基-4-联苯基腈(Aldrich)使产生的醇进行Mitzunobu反应(DEAD,Ph3P)制备];33)3-氯-1-(3-三氟甲基苯氧基)-1-苯基丙烷[由用1.0M BTC使3-氯代苯基乙基酮还原,接着用4-三氟甲基苯酚(Aldrich)使产生的醇进行Mitzunobu反应(DEAD,Ph3P)制备];34)3-氯-1-(2-萘基氧基)-1-苯基丙烷[由用1.0M BTC使3-氯代苯基乙基酮还原,接着用2-萘酚(Aldrich)使产生的醇进行Mitzunobu反应(DEAD,Ph3P)制备];35)3-氯-1-(1-萘基氧基)-1-苯基丙烷[由用1.0M BTC使3-氯代苯基乙基酮还原,接着用1-萘酚(Aldrich)使产生的醇进行Mitzunobu反应(DEAD,Ph3P)制备];36)3-氯-1-(4-甲基苯氧基)-1-苯基丙烷[由用1.0M BTC使3-氯代苯基乙基酮还原,接着用对-甲酚(Aldrich)使产生的醇进行Mitzunobu反应(DEAD,Ph3P)制备];37)3-氯-1-(4-苯基苯氧基)-1-苯基丙烷[由用1.0M BTC使3-氯代苯基乙基酮还原,接着用4-苯基苯酚使产生的醇进行Mitzunobu反应(DEAD,Ph3P)制备];38)3-氯-1-(4-氨基磺酰基苯氧基)-1-苯基丙烷[由用1.0M BTC使3-氯代苯基乙基酮还原,接着用4-羟基苯磺酰胺),(TCI America,Portland,OR)使产生的醇进行Mitzunobu反应(DEAD,Ph3P)制备];39)3-氯-1-(4-硝基苯氧基)-苯基丙烷[由用1.0M BTC使3-氯代苯基乙基酮还原,接着用4-硝基苯酚(Aldrich)使产生的醇进行Mitzunobu反应(DEAD,Ph3P)制备];40)3-氯-1-(4-硝基-3-三氟甲基苯氧基)-1-苯基丙烷[由用1.0M BTC使3-氯代苯基乙基酮还原,接着用4-硝基-3-三氟甲基苯酚(Aldrich)使产生的醇进行Mitzunobu反应(DEAD,Ph3P)制备];41)3-氯-1-(4-氰基苯氧基)-1-苯基丙烷[由用1.0M BTC使3-氯代苯基乙基酮还原,接着用4-氰基苯酚使产生的醇进行Mitzunobu反应(DEAD,Ph3P)制备];42)3-氯-1-苯氧基-1-苯基丙烷[由用1.0M BTC使3-氯代苯基乙基酮还原,接着用苯酚(Aldrich)使产生的醇进行Mitzunobu反应(DEAD,Ph3P)制备];43)3-氯-1-(4-三氟甲基苯氧基)-1-苯基丙烷[由用1.0M BTC使3-氯代苯基乙基酮还原,接着用4-三氟甲基苯酚使产生的醇进行Mitzunobu反应(DEAD,Ph3P)制备];44)3-氯-1-[(4-三氟甲氧基)苯氧基]-1-苯基丙烷[由用1.0M BTC使3-氯代苯基乙基酮还原,接着用4-(三氟甲氧基)苯酚(Aldrich)使产生的醇进行Mitzunobu反应(DEAD,Ph3P)制备];45)3-氯-1-(4-三氟甲基苯氧基)-1-(2,4-二甲氧基)苯基丙烷[由用1.0M BTC使3-氯代-2’,4’-二甲氧基苯基乙基酮还原(Maybridge Chemical Co.Ltd.,Comwall,UK),接着用4-三氟甲基苯酚使产生的醇进行Mitzunobu反应(DEAD,Ph3P)制备];46)3-氯-1-(3,4-亚甲二氧基苯氧基)-1-(4-氯代苯基)丙烷[由用1.0M BTC使3,4’-二氯代苯基乙基酮(Aldrich)还原,接着用芝麻酚(Aldrich)使产生的醇进行Mitzunobu反应(DEAD,Ph3P)制备];47)3-氯-1-苯氧基-1-(4-溴代苯基)丙烷[由用1.0M BTC使4-溴代-β-氯代苯基乙基酮(Lancaster)还原,接着用苯酚使产生的醇进行Mitzunobu反应(DEAD,Ph3P)制备];48)3-氯-1-(4-三氟甲基苯氧基)-1-(4-溴代苯基)丙烷[由用1.0M BTC使4-溴代-β-氯代苯基乙基酮还原,接着用4-三氟甲基苯酚使产生的醇进行Mitzunobu反应(DEAD,Ph3P)制备];49)3-氯-1-(4-甲氧基苯氧基)-1-(4-氯代苯基)丙烷[由用1.0M BTC使3,4’-二氯代苯基乙基酮还原,接着用4-甲氧基苯酚(Aldrich)使产生的醇进行Mitzunobu反应(DEAD,Ph3P)制备];50)3-氯-1-(4-氰基苯氧基)-1-(4-氯代苯基)丙烷[由用1.0M BTC使3,4’-二氯代苯基乙基酮还原,接着用4-氰基苯酚使产生的醇进行Mitzunobu反应(DEAD,Ph3P)制备];51)3-氯-1-(4-氯代苯氧基)-1-(4-溴代苯基)丙烷[由用1.0M BTC使4-溴代-β-氯代苯基乙基酮还原,接着用4-氯代苯酚(Aldrich)使产生的醇进行Mitzunobu反应(DEAD,Ph3P)制备];52)3-氯-1-苯氧基-1-(4-氯代苯基)丙烷[由用1.0M BTC使3,4’-二氯代苯基乙基酮还原,接着用苯酚(Aldrich)使产生的醇进行Mitzunobu反应(DEAD,Ph3P)制备];53)3-氯-1-(4-甲氧基苯氧基)-1-(4-氟代苯基)丙烷[由用1.0M BTC使3-氯代-4’-氟代苯基乙基酮还原,接着用4-甲氧基苯酚使产生的醇进行Mitzunobu反应(DEAD,Ph3P)制备];54)3-氯-1-苯氧基-1-(4-氟代苯基)丙烷[由用1.0M BTC使3-氯代-4’-氟代苯基乙基酮还原,接着用苯酚使产生的醇进行Mitzunobu反应(DEAD,Ph3P)制备];55)3-氯-1-(4-三氟甲基苯氧基)-1-(4-氟代苯基)丙烷[由用1.0M BTC使3-氯代-4’-氟代苯基乙基酮还原,接着用4-三氟甲基苯酚使产生的醇进行Mitzunobu反应(DEAD,Ph3P)制备];56)(R)-(+)-3-氯-1-(4-硝基苯氧基)-1-苯基丙烷[由用4-硝基苯酚使(R)-(+)-3-氯-1-苯基-1-丙醇(Aldrich)进行Mitzunobu反应(DEAD,Ph3P)(如见U.S.专利5068432)制备];制备化合物A171,其[α]D 25为+19.7°(c 5.18,CHCl3);57)(S)-(-)-3-氯-1-(4-苯基苯氧基)-1-(4-氟代苯基)丙烷[用类似于U.S.专利5068432的方法,用(+)二异松蒎烷基氯化硼(Aldrich)使3-氯-4’-氟代苯基乙基酮还原,接着用4-苯基苯酚(Aldrich)使产生的(R)-(+)-3-氯-1-(4-氟代苯基)-1-丙醇{[α]D 25+22.1°(c 8.07,CHCl3)}进行Mitzunobu反应(DEAD,Ph3P)制备,其[α]D 25-46.3°(c 2.49,CHCl3)];制备化合物A173,其[α]D 25-25.8°(c 3.03,CHCl3)];58)(R)-(+)-3-氯-1-(4-苯基苯氧基)-1-(4-氟代苯基)丙烷[用类似于U.S.专利5068432的方法,用(-)二异松蒎烷基氯化硼(diisopinocampheylboron chloride)(Aldrich)使3-氯-4’-氟代苯基乙基酮还原,接着用4-苯基苯酚(Aldrich)使产生的(S)-(-)-3-氯-1-(4-氟代苯基)-1-丙醇{[α]D 25-22.2°(c 2.37,CHCl3)}进行Mitzunobu反应(DEAD,Ph3P)制备,[α]D 25+46.6°(c 2.73,CHCl3)];制备化合物A177,[α]D 25+26.8°(c 3.10,CHCl3)];制备化合物A178,其[α]D 25+20.0°(c3.13,CHCl3);59)(R)-(+)-3-氯-1-[4-(1-金刚烷基)苯氧基]-1-(4-氟代苯基)丙烷[用类似于U.S.专利5068432的方法,用(-)二异松蒎烷基氯化硼(Aldrich)使3-氯-4-氟代苯基乙基酮还原,接着用4-(1-金刚烷基)苯酚(Aldrich)使产生的(S)-(-)-3-氯-1-(4-氟代苯基)-1-丙醇{[α]D 25-22.2°(c 2.37,CHCl3)}进行Mitzunobu反应(DEAD,Ph3P)制备,其[α]D 25+24.3°(c 2.19,CHCl3)];制备化合物A179,其[α]D 25+17.8°(c 2.98,CHCl3)]。
氨基酸或氨基酸前体:
A)L-丙氨酸甲酯盐酸盐(Fluka,Ronkonkoma,NY);B)D-丙氨酸甲酯盐酸盐(Aldrich);C)肌氨酸甲酯盐酸盐(Lancaster,Windham,NH);D)甘氨酸甲酯盐酸盐(Aldrich);E)甘氨酸乙酯盐酸盐(Aldrich);F)肌氨酸乙酯盐酸盐(Aldrich);和G)甲基氨基乙醛缩二甲醇(Aldrich)。
溶剂:X)乙腈;Y)甲醇。
A61的合成见图3(反应28)说明。
实施例3 N-[(3,3,-二苯基)丙基]甘氨酸乙酯(化合物A22)
于室温下,将2.132g(10.1mmol)3,3-二苯基丙胺(Aldrich,Milwaukee,WI)加至0.853g(5.1lmmol)溴代乙酸乙酯(Aldrich)和2.7g(19.57mmol)碳酸钾的14ml乙腈溶液的混合物中。于氩气环境下,将该混合物搅拌18小时。过滤该反应混合物,蒸发溶剂,残留物经硅胶柱层析,用40%乙酸乙酯的己烷溶液洗脱得到1.05g(产率69%)N-[(3,3-二苯基)丙基]甘氨酸乙酯(化合物A22),为油状物。产物的NMR为:1H NMR(CDCl3,300MHz)7.40-7.10(m,10H),4.14(q,2H),4.03(t,1H),3.33(s,2H),2.56(t,2H),2.24(dt,2H),1.22(t,3H);13CNMR(CDCl3,75MHz)172.44,144.66,128.43,127.75,126.15,60.63,50.93,48.80,47.92,35.85,14.17。也从硅胶柱上分离到0.019g的A28。
实施例4利用反应2的另外的合成
如下用反应2合成下列另外的化合物:
化合物 原料胺 试剂 溶剂 收率
A5 1 A X 27%
A6 7 B Y 89%
A10 9 B Y 77%
A13 8 B Y 95%
A15 6 B Y 96%
A17 3 B X 14%
A19 1 C X 69%
A20 2 E X 57%
A21 1 B X 55%
A30 1 H X 42%
A33 1 D X 20%
A34 1 G X 7%
A35 1 F X 18%
A36 5 B X 80%
A37 4 B X 77%
A38 1 E X 70%
A39 1 I X 10%
A40 1 J X 3%
A108 10 B X 9%
A150 2 K X 56%
A157 1 L X 30%
A162 1 K X 36%
A165 1 M X 59%
A166 1 N X 51%
A167 1 O X 50%
A172 1 P X 46%
原料胺:1)氟西汀[N-甲基-3-(对-三氟甲基苯氧基)-3-苯基丙胺盐酸盐],(Sigma,St.Louis);2)3,3-二苯基丙胺(Aldrich);3)愈苯丙胺盐酸盐[(±)-γ-(2-甲氧基苯氧基)-N-甲基-苯丙胺盐酸盐];(RBI,Natick,MA);4)1,2-二苯基-3-甲基-4-(甲氨基)-2-丁醇盐酸盐,(Sigma-AldrichLibrary of Rare Chemicals);5)d-Norpropoxyphene(1,2-二苯基-3-甲基-4-甲氨基-2-丁基丙酸酯马来酸盐),(Sigma);6)Maprotyline盐酸盐[N-甲基-9,10-桥亚乙基蒽-9(10H)-丙胺盐酸盐],(Sigma);7)去甲替林盐酸盐{3-(10,11-二氢-5H-二苯并[a,d]亚环庚-5-烯基)-N-甲基-1-丙胺盐酸盐},(Sigma);8)地昔帕明(desipiramine)盐酸盐{10,11-二氢-N-甲基-5H-二苯并[b,f]氮杂-5-丙胺盐酸盐},(Sigma);9)普多替林盐酸盐{N-甲基-5H-二苯并[a,d]环庚烯-5-丙胺盐酸盐],(Sigma);10)3-(1-萘基)-3-苯基丙胺[使二乙基氰基甲基膦酸酯的内鎓钠盐(Aldrich)与α-苯甲酰基萘(Pfaltz & Bauer,Waterbury,CT)进行Homer-Emmons反应,接着进行α,β-不饱和腈中间体的催化氢化制备]。
试剂:A)溴代乙酸甲酯(Aldrich);B)溴代乙酸乙酯(Aldrich);C)溴代乙酸丙酯(Aldrch);D)溴代乙酸苯酯(Aldrich);E)2-溴代乙酰胺(Aldrich);F)2-氯代-N,N-二乙基乙酰胺(Aldrich);G)N-乙基氯代乙酰胺(Lancaster);H)溴代乙腈(Aldrich);I)4-(溴代甲磺酰基)吗啉,(Sigma-Aldrich Library of Rare Chemicals);J)二乙基氯代甲基膦酸酯(Aldrich);K)2-溴代乙酸苄酯(Aldrich);L)溴代乙酸对硝基苯酯,(Lancaster);M)氯代乙酸辛酯,(Sigma-Aldrich Library of RareChemicals);N)溴代乙酸异丙酯(Aldrich);O)溴代乙酸正丁酯(Pfatz& Bauer),Waterbury,CT);P)溴代乙酸叔丁酯(Aldrich)。
溶剂:X)乙腈;Y)乙醇。
实施例5A N-{[3-羟基-3-苯基-3-(噻吩-2-基)]丙基}肌氨酸乙酯(化合物A32)的合成
步骤1:N-[(3-氧基-3-苯基)丙基]肌氨酸乙酯:于回流、搅拌下,将3.37g(20mmol)3-氯苯基乙基酮(Aldrich)(3.07g,20mmol)肌氨酸乙酯盐酸盐、3.32g(20ml)碘化钾和2.5g碳酸钾的140ml乙腈中的混合物加热2小时(见反应13,图2)。过滤该反应混合物,蒸发溶剂。将残留物溶于二氯甲烷中,用水洗涤,经硫酸钠干燥。蒸发溶剂得到N-[(3-氧基-3-苯基)丙基]肌氨酸乙酯,为黄色油状物,将其不经纯化用于步骤2。
步骤2:于-78℃,将2-噻吩基锂[通过于-78℃下,将1ml丁基锂(2.5M的四氢呋喃溶液)加至在10ml四氢呋喃中的0.21g(2.5mmol)噻吩中产生]滴加至0.623g(2.5mmol)的N-[(3-氧基-3-苯基)丙基]肌氨酸乙酯(得自步骤1)的30ml四氢呋喃溶液中(见反应14,图2)。于-78℃搅拌1小时并于20℃搅拌1小时后,通过于0℃加入20ml 10%氢氧化铵溶液骤冷该反应物。用二氯甲烷萃取该混合物,蒸发溶剂,残留物经硅胶柱层析,用16%乙酸乙酯的己烷溶液洗脱,得到0.43g(产率52%)N-{[3-羟基-3-苯基-3-(噻吩-2-基)]丙基}肌氨酸乙酯(化合物A32),为米色固体。
实施例5B N-{[3-羟基-3-苯基-3-(呋喃-2-基)]丙基}肌氨酸乙酯(化合物A161)的合成
基本用实施例5A所述方法(用2-呋喃基锂代替2-噻吩基锂),合成N-{[3-羟基-3-苯基-3-(呋喃-2-基)]丙基}肌氨酸乙酯(产率14%)。
实施例6 N-[3-苯基-3-(噻吩-2-基)-丙烯基]肌氨酸乙酯(化合物A41)的合成
将N-{[3-羟基-3-苯基-3-(噻吩-2-基)]丙基}肌氨酸乙酯(由实施例5获得的化合物32)0.118g(0.354mmol)溶于2ml甲酸中。于110℃将该溶液加热0.5小时(见反应19,图2)。浓缩深红色反应混合物,使残留物分配于水和二氯甲烷之间。用二氯甲烷萃取水相,经硫酸钠干燥二氯甲烷溶液。蒸发溶剂后,残留物经制备性TLC纯化,用1∶3乙酸乙酯∶己烷洗脱,得到0.091g(82%)N-[3-苯基-3-(噻吩-2-基)-2-丙烯基]肌氨酸乙酯(化合物A41),为深红色油状物。
实施例7 N-[3-苯基-3-(噻吩-2-基)丙基]肌氨酸乙酯(化合物A42)的合成
将0.055g(0.174mmol)N-[3-苯基-3-(噻吩-2-基)-2-丙烯基]肌氨酸乙酯(由实施例6获得的化合物41)在2ml乙醇中用0.055g 10%Pd/C氢化。于室温、40psi下将氢化过程进行16小时(见反应20,图2)。滤除催化剂后,浓缩该溶液,残留物经制备性TLC纯化,用1∶2乙酸乙酯∶己烷洗脱,得到0.012g(22%)N-[3-苯基-3-(噻吩-2-基)丙基]肌氨酸乙酯(化合物A42),为黄色油状物。
实施例8A N-[(3-苯基-3-苯氧基)丙基]肌氨酸乙酯(化合物A31)的合成
步骤1:N-[(3-羟基-3-苯基)丙基]肌氨酸乙酯:于-78℃,将2.40ml LiAl(t-BuO)3[三叔丁氧基氢化铝锂(Aldrich)(1M THF溶液)]加至0.593g(2.28mmol)N-[(3-氧基-3-苯基)丙基]肌氨酸乙酯(实施例5A步骤1)的10ml四氢呋喃溶液中(见反应15,图2)。于-78℃搅拌1小时并于室温下搅拌1小时后,通过于0℃加入10ml 10%氯化铵溶液骤冷该反应物,通过硅藻土过滤。用二氯甲烷萃取该混合物,经硫酸钠干燥。蒸发溶剂得到N-[(3-羟基-3-苯基)丙基]肌氨酸乙酯,为黄色油状物,将其不经进一步纯化用于下一个步骤。
步骤2:N-[(3-氯代-3-苯基)丙基]肌氨酸乙酯:将步骤1的黄色油状物溶于20ml氯仿中,加入1ml SOCl2,于回流下将该混合物加热2小时(见反应16,图2)。加入碎冰后,用饱和的碳酸钾溶液中和该反应混合物,用二氯甲烷萃取。蒸发合并的萃取物,残留物经制备性硅胶TLC层析纯化,用20%乙酸乙酯的己烷溶液洗脱,得到0.165gN-[(3-氯代-3-苯基)丙基]肌氨酸乙酯(两步产率为26%)。
步骤3:N-[(3-苯基-3-苯氧基)丙基]肌氨酸乙酯(化合物A31):于室温下,将0.075g(0.278mmol)N-[(3-氯代-3-苯基)丙基]肌氨酸乙酯(得自步骤2)的3ml无水二甲基甲酰胺溶液加至苯酚钠(将0.022g 60%NaH的矿物油液加至0.054g苯酚的2ml二甲基甲酰胺溶液中产生)溶液中(见反应17,图2)。于室温下,将该反应混合物搅拌30小时,真空蒸发溶剂,残留物经制备性硅胶TLC纯化,用35%乙酸乙酯的己烷溶液洗脱,得到0.014g(产率15%)N-[(3-苯基-3-苯氧基)丙基]肌氨酸乙酯(化合物A31),为黄色油状物。
实施例8B用实施例8A方法进行另外的合成
根据以上实施例8A(步骤3)所述,用N-(3-氯代-3-苯基丙基)肌氨酸乙酯使4-甲氧基苯酚(Aldrich)烷基化制备化合物A164,产率5%。
根据以上实施例8A(步骤3)所述,用N-(3-氯代-3-苯基丙基)肌氨酸乙酯使苯硫酚(Aldrich)烷基化制备化合物A119,产率62%。
根据以上实施例8A(步骤3)所述,用N-(3-氯代-3-苯基丙基)肌氨酸乙酯使4-(三氟甲基)苯硫酚(Lancaster)烷基化制备化合物A115,产率93%。
根据以上实施例8A(步骤3)所述,用N-(3-氯代-3-苯基丙基)肌氨酸乙酯使4-叔丁基苯硫酚(Lancaster)烷基化制备化合物A68,产率5%。
实施例8C N-[3-苯基-3-(苯基氨基丙基]肌氨酸乙酯(化合物A47)的合成
步骤1:N-[3-苯基-3-(对甲苯磺酰苯胺基)丙基]肌氨酸乙酯:于氮气环境、搅拌并在冰浴冷却下,将0.465g(2.67mmol)偶氮二羧酸二乙酯(“DEAD”,Aldrich)滴加至0.511g(2.03mmol)N-(3-羟基-3-苯基丙基)肌氨酸乙酯(得自实施例8A步骤1)、0.571g(2.3lmmol)对甲苯磺酰胺(TCI America,Portland,OR)和0.712g(2.71mmol)三苯膦的2ml无水四氢呋喃溶液中。于室温下,将该混合物搅拌4小时,蒸发溶剂,残留物经硅胶层析,用25%乙酸乙酯的己烷溶液洗脱,得到0.730g(产率74%)N-[3-苯基-3-(对甲苯磺酰苯胺基)丙基]肌氨酸乙酯。1H NMR(CDCl3,300MHz)7.58(d,2H),7.40-6.90(m,10H),6.62(d,2H),5.55(t,1H),4.14(q,2H),3.20(s,2H),2.60-2.20(m,2H),2.39(s,3H),2.33(s,3H),2.20-1.80(m,2H),1.12(t,3H);13C NMR(CDCl3,75MHz)170.74,142.90,138.33,138.08,134.88,132.78,129.14,128.60,128.36,128.28,127.93,127.79,127.46,60.51,60.26,58.57,53.93,42.16,30.60,21.36,14.12。
步骤2:N-[3-苯基-3-(苯基氨基)丙基]肌氨酸乙酯(化合物A47):于氮气环境、搅拌并在冰浴冷却下,用1小时将0.284g(0.6mmol)N-[3-苯基-3-(对甲苯磺酰苯胺基)丙基]肌氨酸乙酯(得自步骤1)的3ml无水乙二醇二甲醚溶液滴加至萘基钠(sodium naphthalenide)[由0.545g(5.04mmol)萘和0.110g(5.16mmol)钠制备]的8ml无水乙二醇二甲醚溶液中。于室温下,将该混合物搅拌1小时,用冰骤冷,用乙酸乙酯萃取。用盐水洗涤合并的有机萃取物,蒸发溶剂,残留物经硅胶层析,用25%乙酸乙酯的己烷溶液洗脱,得到0.092g(产率47%)N-[3-苯基-3-(苯基氨基)丙基]肌氨酸乙酯(化合物A47)。1H NMR(CDCl3,300MHz)7.50-7.00(m,7H),6.70-6.40(m,3H),5.75(br.s,1 H),4.47(t,1H),4.18(q,2H),3.24(s,2H),2.57(t,2H),2.37(s,3H),2.10-1.70(m,2H),1.18(t,3H);13C NMR(CDCl3,75MHz)170.73,147.82,143.89,128.87,128.43,126.69,126.26,116.57,113.17,60.47,58.53,57.92,54.47,42.32,35.19,14.18。
实施例8D[R]-(+)-N-[3-苯基-3-(4-叔丁基苯氧基)丙基]肌氨酸乙酯(化合物A55)的合成
{[α]D 25+18.6°(c 7.84,CHCl3)}
步骤1:[S]-(-)-N-(3-羟基-3-苯基丙基)肌氨酸乙酯{[α]D 25-35°(c4.88,CHCl3)};在实施例1所述条件下,用[R]-(+)-3-氯代-1-苯基-1-丙醇(Aldrich)使肌氨酸乙酯烷基化制备,产率72%。见反应23,图3。
步骤2:[R]-(+)-N-[3-苯基-3-(4-叔丁基苯氧基)丙基]肌氨酸乙酯:用4-叔丁基苯酚(Aldrich)使[S]-(-)-N-(3-羟基-3-苯基丙基)肌氨酸乙酯(得自步骤1)进行Mitzunobu反应(类似于实施例8C步骤1)制备,产率41%,[α]D 25+18.6°(c 7.84,CHCl3)。见反应24,图3。
实施例8E[R]-(+)-N-[3-苯基-3-(4-苯基苯氧基)丙基]肌氨酸乙酯(化合物A61){[α]D 25+22.3°(c 8.1,CHCl3)}的合成
根据实施例2所述,合成[α]D 25为+54.9°(c 5.28,CHCl3)的化合物A61。
步骤1:[S]-(-)-N-(3-羟基-3-苯基丙基)肌氨酸乙酯:用类似于U.S.专利5068432的方法,用(-)二异松蒎烷基氯化硼(Aldrich)使N-[(3-氧基-3-苯基)丙基]肌氨酸乙酯(得自实施例5A步骤1)还原制备,产率12%;[α]D 25-24.6°(c 3.63,CHCl3)(见反应25,图3)。根据实施例8D(步骤1)所述,合成[S]-(-)-N-(3-羟基-3-苯基丙基)肌氨酸乙酯,其[α]D 25-35°(c 4.88,CHCl3)。见反应23,图3。
步骤2:[R]-(+)-N-[3-苯基-3-(4-苯基苯氧基)丙基]肌氨酸乙酯(化合物A61):用4-苯基苯酚(Aldrich)使[S]-(-)-N-(3-羟基-3-苯基丙基)肌氨酸乙酯(得自步骤1)进行Mitzunobu反应(类似于实施例8C步骤1)制备,产率22%,其[α]D 25+22.3°(c 8.1,CHCl3)。见反应26,图3。
实施例9A N-[(4,4-二苯基)丁-3-烯基]-N-乙基甘氨酸乙酯(化合物A16)的合成
于室温、氩气环境下,将0.158g(0.5mmol)N-[(4,4-二苯基)丁-3-烯基]甘氨酸乙酯(化合物A26)、0.234(2.1mmol)溴代乙烷、0.281g(2mmol)碳酸钾和0.068g(0.4mmol)碘化钾的混合物搅拌20小时。过滤该反应混合物,蒸发溶剂,残留物经硅胶柱层析,用20%乙酸乙酯的己烷溶液洗脱,得到0.112g(66%)N-[(4,4-二苯基)丁-3-烯基]-N-乙基甘氨酸乙酯(化合物A16),为油状物。NMR谱:1H NMR(CDCl3,300MHz)7.60-7.00(m,10H),6.09(t,1H),4.13(q,2H),3.27(s,2H),2.72(t,2H),2.61(q,2H),2.28(dt,2H),1.23(t,3H),1.01(t,3H);13C NMR(CDCl3,75MHz)171.77,142.96,142.86,140.33,130.09,128.49,128.35,127.48,127.27,127.19,60.58,54.90,53.98,48.20,28.19,14.57,12.70.
实施例9B用实施例9A的方法进行另外的合成
在实施例9A所述条件下,用碘甲烷处理化合物A150制备化合物A147,产率30%。
实施例1 0 N-[(4,4-二苯基)丁基]甘氨酸乙酯(化合物A4)的合成
于室温、40psi下,用0.072g 10%Pd/C在5ml乙醇中将0.072g(0.23nmo1)N-[(4,4-二苯基)丁-3-烯基]甘氨酸乙酯(化合物A26)氢化3小时。通过硅藻土从催化剂中过滤该混合物,蒸发溶剂,得到0.065g(产率90%)N-[(4,4-二苯基)丁基]甘氨酸乙酯(化合物A4),为油状物。产物的NMR谱为:1H NMR(CDCl3,300MHz)7.40-7.10(m,10H),4.17(q,2H),3.89(t,1H),3.34(s,2H),2.61(t,2H),2.08(dt,2H),1.50-1.40(m,2H),1.25(t,3H);13C NMR(CDCl3,75MHz)172.47,144.89,148.36,127.77,126.05,60.63,51.17,50.90,49.44,33.19,28.50,14.17。
实施例11-用实施例10的方法进行另外的合成
用10%钯炭催化氢化化合物A2制备化合物A25,产率90%。
用10%钯炭催化氢化化合物A16制备化合物A3,产率90%。
实施例12 N-[(4,4-二苯基)丁-3-烯基]甘氨酸盐酸盐(化合物A27)的合成
将3.4m1 1N氢氧化钠加至0.093g(0.3mmol)N-[(4,4-二苯基)丁-3-烯基]甘氨酸乙酯(化合物A26)的2ml甲醇溶液中,于回流下加热该混合物4小时。浓缩该反应混合物至一半体积,用4N盐酸酸化,用二氯甲烷萃取4次。干燥合并的萃取物并蒸发,得到0.100g(产率86%)的N-[(4,4-二苯基)丁-3-烯基]甘氨酸盐酸盐(化合物A27)。产物的NMR谱:1H NMR(CD3OD,300MHz)7.40-7.00(m,10H),5.96(t,1H),3.81(s,1H),3.69(s,2H),3.04(br.s,2H),2.42(br.s,2H);13C NMR(CD3OD,75MHz)166.78,145.86,145.82,141.73,139.34,129.42,128.42,127.96,127.41,127.35,127.02,121.97,121.87,52.28,26.43。
实施例13A用实施例12的方法进行另外的合成
用1N氢氧化钠在甲醇中或用1N氢氧化锂在乙醇中,于室温下,水解相应的酯,然后根据实施例12所述用盐酸酸化,制备下列N-修饰的氨基酸,括号中列出原料酯、产率和(如果有的话)[α]D 25:
A8(A4,86%) | A29(A5,70%) | A44(A48.98%) |
A45(A53,98%) | A46(A55,98%,+2.38°(c 2.4,CHCl3)) | A49(A50,95%) |
A51(A52,82%) | A54(A68,52%) | A56(A57,71%) |
A58(A59,98%) | A60(A61,80%,+25.3°(c 2.13,MeOH) | A62(A63,69%,-25.6(c2.4,MeOH)) |
A64(A73,90%) | A65(A74,90%) | A66(A67,60%) |
69(A70,99%) | A72(A75,98%) | A76(A77,75%) |
A79(A80,62%) | A81(A89,64%) | A84(A85,93%) |
A86(A87,98%) | A91(A71,54%) | A92(A40,90%) |
A93(A95,95%) | A94(A96,95%) | |
A98(A1 00,95%) | A101(118,53%) | A102(A108,61%) |
A103(A104,83%) | 105(A106,86%) | A1 07(A115,76%) |
A109(A123,98%) | A110(A169,68%) | A112(A117,62%) |
A113(A119,56%) | A114(A120,98%) | A116(A122,35%) |
A124(A126,62%) | A131(A132,82%) | A135(A134,92%) |
A136(A145,98%) | A137(A164,85%) | A144(A158,43%) |
A152(A156,58%) | A154(A160,98%) | A174(A43,91%) |
A175(A171,38%.+10(c 2.9,MeOH)) | A176(A88,61%) | A181(A173,82%,-16.6°(c3.11,MeOH)) |
A1 82(A1 77,78%,+19.0°(c 2.93,MeOH) | A183(A178,72%.+13.7°(c 2.68,MeOH)) | A184(A179,98%,+13.5°(c2.5,MeOH)) |
实施例13B N-甲基-N-[(1H-四唑-5-基)甲基]-3,3-二苯基丙胺盐酸盐(化合物Al46)合成
步骤1:于室温下,将2.11g(10mmol)3,3-二苯基丙胺(Aldrich)(0.54g,4.54mmol)溴代乙腈(Aldrich)和2.5g碳酸钾的5ml乙腈中的混合物搅拌16小时。用二氯甲烷稀释该反应混合物,用水洗涤,蒸发溶剂,残留物经硅胶柱层析,用30%乙酸乙酯的己烷溶液洗脱,得到1.24g(产率50%)N-氰基甲基-3,3-二苯基丙胺,为油状物,放置后固化。1HNMR(CDCl3,300MHz)7.45-7.10(m,10H),4.05(t,1H),3.50(s,2H),2.67(t,2H),2.23(dt,2H);13C NMR(CDCl3,75MHz)144.25,128.53,127.68,126.33,117.72,48.58,47.13,37.19,35.14。
步骤2:于室温下,将0.72g(2.9mmol)N-氰基甲基-3,3-二苯基丙胺(得自步骤1)、0.49g(3.4mmol)碘代甲烷以及1.6g碳酸钾的5ml乙腈中的混合物搅拌16小时。用二氯甲烷稀释该反应混合物,用水洗涤,蒸发溶剂,残留物经硅胶柱层析,用20%乙酸乙酯的己烷溶液洗脱,得到0.33g(产率43%)N-甲基-N-氰基甲基-3,3-二苯基丙胺,为油状物,放置后固化。1H NMR((CDCl3,300 MHz)7.30-7.10(m,10H),4.02(t,1H),3.47(s,3H),2.38(t,2H),2.32(s,3H),2.19(dt,2H);
步骤3:于80℃、氩气环境下,将0.132g(0.5mmol)N-甲基-N-氰基甲基-3,3-二苯基丙胺(得自步骤2)和O.1839(0.55mmol)叠氮基三丁基锡(Aldrich)的混合物搅拌16小时。将该反应混合物悬浮于1M氯化氢的乙醚(Aldrich)溶液中,将沉淀的黄色蜡状物经制备性TLC纯化,用10%甲醇的乙酸乙酯溶液洗脱,得到0.06g(产率35%)N-甲基-N-[(1H-四唑-5-基)甲基]-3,3-二苯基丙胺盐酸盐(化合物A146),为白色粉末。1H NMR((DMSO-d6,300 MHz)7.30-7.16(m,10H),4.11(s,2H),3.97(t,1H),2.60(br.s,2H),2.45(s,3H),2.36(br.s,2H)。
实施例13c用实施例13B的方法进行另外的合成
根据以上实施例13B(步骤3)所述,用叠氮基三丁基锡处理化合物A30制备化合物A133,产率11%。
实施例13D二甲基(乙氧基羰基甲基)[3-苯基-3-(4-三氟甲基苯氧基)丙基]碘化铵(化合物A148)的合成
于回流下,将0.1529(0.38mmo1)N-[3-苯基-3-(4-三氟甲基苯氧基)丙基]肌氨酸乙酯(化合物A21)和0.2739(1.93mmo1)碘甲烷的2ml苯溶液加热2小时,蒸发溶剂。残留物用无水乙醚洗涤3次,真空干燥,得到0.1759(产率85%)二甲基(乙氧基羰基甲基)[3-苯基-3-(4-三氟甲基苯氧基)丙基]碘化铵(化合物A148),为淡黄色吸湿性粉末。
实施例14-表达GlyT-1和GlyT-2的细胞的制备
本实施例提出用于生长和转染QT-6细胞的方法和材料。
由American Type Culture Collection(Accession No.ATCC CRL-1708)获得QT-6细胞。用于生长QT-6的完全QT-6培养基为199培养基(Sigma Chemical Company,St.Louis,MO;此后称“Sigma”),补充有10%胰蛋白
磷酸盐、5%胎牛血清(sigma)、1%青霉素-链霉素(Sigma)和1%无菌二甲基亚砜(DMSO,sigma)。生长或转染QT-6细胞所需的其它溶液包括:
DNA/DEAE混合物:4509μl TBS,450μl DEAE葡聚糖(Sigma)和100μl DNA(4μg)的TE溶液,其中DNA包括在适当的表达载体中的G1yT-1a、GlyT-1b、GlyT-1c或GlyT-2。使用的DNA如下所定义。
PBS:标准磷酸盐缓冲液,pH7.4,包括lmM CaCl2和1mMMgCl2,通过0.2μ滤膜无菌过滤。
TBS:1ml溶液B,10ml溶液A,用蒸馏水加至100ml,滤膜除菌,于4℃储存。
TE:0.01M Tris,0.001M EDTA,pH8.0。
DEAE葡聚糖:Sigma,#D-9885。在TBS中制备含有0.1%(1mg/ml)的DEAE葡聚糖的储存液。将储存液滤膜除菌并以每份1ml冷冻。
氯喹:Sigma,# C-6628。在水中制备含有100mM氯喹的储存液。将储存液滤膜除菌并以每份0.5ml冷冻贮存。
储存液A(10X):
NaCl 8.00g
KCl 0.38g
Na2HPO4 0.20g
Tris碱 3.00g
用HCl将该溶液调至pH7.5,用蒸馏水加至100.0ml,滤膜除菌,于室温下储存。
储存液B(100X):
CaCl2·2H2O 1.5g
MgCl2·6H2O 1.0g
用蒸馏水将该溶液加至100ml,滤膜除菌,于室温下储存该溶液。
HBSS:150mM NaCl,20mM HEPES,1mM CaCl2,10mM葡萄糖,5mM KCl,1mM MgCl2H2O,用NaOH调至pH 7.4。
用下列标准生长和传代方法:使细胞生长于225ml烧瓶中。为了传代,用温的HBSS将细胞洗涤两次(每次5ml)。加入2ml 0.05%胰蛋白酶/EDTA溶液,旋转该培养液,然后快速吸出胰蛋白酶/EDTA溶液。然后将该培养液孵育约2分钟(至细胞浮起(lift off)),然后加入10mlQT-6培养液,旋转烧瓶并弹其底部以进一步悬浮细胞。取出细胞并转移至15ml圆锥形试管中,以1000xg离心10分钟,再悬浮于10ml QT-6培养液中。取出样品计数,然后用QT-6培养液进一步稀释至浓度为1×105细胞/ml,每225ml烧瓶的传代细胞中加入65ml培养物。
用所制备的cDNA’s按如下进行转染:
使用的大鼠GlyT-2(rGlyT-2)无性系含有以Eco RI-HindIII片段克隆入pBluescript SK+(Stratagene)的rGlyT-2的整个序列(根据Liu等,J.Biol.Chem.268,22802-22808(1993)所述)。然后如下将GlyT-2亚克隆入pRc/RSV载体上:用寡核苷酸5’GGGGGAAGCTTATGGATTGCAGTGCTCC3’作5’引物,用寡核苷酸5’GGGGGGGTACCCAACACCACTGTGCTCTG3’作3’引物,经PCR扩增相应于rGlyT-2的208-702核苷酸的PCR片段。这样在转译起始位点的上游立即产生了一个HindIII位点。将该片段(在3’端含有KpnI位点以及含有编码rGlyT-2序列其余部分的Kpn 1-PvuII片段)克隆于先前用HindIII和Sma I在三部分联结点消化的pBluescript SK+中。然后将由该无性系中得到的HindIII-Xba 1片段亚克隆于pRc/RSV载体上。产生的构建物在pRc/RSV表达载体上含有rGlyT-2核酸的核苷酸208-2720。
使用的人GlyT-1a(hGlyT-1a)无性系含有得自以Hind III-Xba 1片段克隆于pRc/CMV载体(Invitrogen.San Diego.CA)上核苷酸位置183-2108的hGlyT-la序列(根据Kim等,Mol.Pharmacol,45,608-617,1994所述)。编码GlyT-1a的该cDNA实际上含有大鼠的GlyT-1a序列的前17个核苷酸(相当于前6个氨基酸)。为测定该区域的人GlyT-1a序列是否不同,使用由Gibco BRL(Gaithersburg,MD)提供的5’RACE体系,进行cDNA快速扩增由核苷酸1-212获得hGlyT-1a的5’区域。基因的特异性引物:5’CCACATTGTAGTAGATGCCG3’,相当于hGlyT-1a序列的核苷酸558-539,用于引发由人脑mRNA的cDNA合成,基因的特异性引物:5’GCAAACTGGCCGAAGGAGAGCTCC3’,相当于hGlyT-1a序列的核苷酸454-431,用于PCR扩增。对GlyT-la的该5’区域测序证实编码序列的前17个核苷酸在人和大鼠GlyT-1a中是相同的。
使用的人GlyT-1b(hGlyT-1b)无性系含有以HindIII-Xba I片段克隆于pRc/CMV载体上的核苷酸213-2274位置的hGlyT-1b序列(根据Kim等,Mol.Pharmaco1,45,608-617,1994所述)。
使用的人GlyT-1c(hGlyT-1c)无性系含有以HindIII-Xba I片段克隆于pRc/CMV载体(Invitrogen)上的核苷酸213-2336位置的hGlyT-1c序列(根据Kim等,Mol.Pharmacol,45,608-617,1994所述)。然后将来自该无性系的hGlyT-1c的HindIII-Xba片段亚克隆于pRc/RSV载体上。用GlyT-1c在pRc/RSV和pRc/CMV表达载体上进行转染试验。
转染使用下列四天方法:
第一天,将QT-6细胞在100mm培养皿上,以10ml完全QT-6培养基1×106细胞的密度铺板。
第二天,吸出培养液,用10ml PBS洗涤细胞,接着用10ml TBS洗涤。抽出TBS,然后向培养皿中加入DEAE/DNA混合液。在防护罩内每5分钟旋转一次培养皿。30分钟后,加入在QT-6培养基中的8ml 80μM的氯喹,于37℃、5%CO2中将培养物孵育2.5小时。然后吸出培养液,用完全QT-6培养液将细胞洗涤两次,然后加入100ml完全QT-6培养液,将细胞放回孵育箱内。
第三天,根据上述用胰蛋白酶/EDTA转移细胞,并以约2×105细胞/孔加入96-孔测定培养板的孔中。
第四天,测定甘氨酸转运(见实施例15)。
实施例15经GlyT-1或Gly-2转运蛋白测定转运
本实施例说明用转染孵育细胞测定甘氨酸摄取的方法。
将根据实施例14暂时转染的GlyT-1生长细胞用HEPES缓冲液(HBS)洗涤三次。然后将细胞于37℃孵育10分钟,然后加入含有50nM[3H]甘氨酸(17.5Ci/mmol)和或者(a)无潜力竞争剂,(b)10mM无放射活性的甘氨酸或(c)一定浓度的候选药物溶液。使用一定浓度范围的候选药物,以得到数据计算产生50%效应的浓度(即IC50,抑制甘氨酸摄取50%的药物浓度)。然后将细胞于37℃再孵育10分钟,此后吸出细胞,用冰冷的HBS洗涤三次。收获细胞,向细胞中加入闪烁剂,将细胞振摇30分钟,用闪烁计数仪计数细胞的放射活性。根据进行的测定,比较与候选药物或不与候选药物接触的相同细胞的数据,和具有GlyT-1活性的细胞与具有GlyT-2活性的细胞的数据。
实施例16与NMDA受体结合测定
本实施例说明测定化合物与NMDA受体上的甘氨酸位点相互作用的结合测定。
根据Grimwood等(Molecular Pharmacology,41,923-930(1992))和Yoneda等(J.Neurochem,62,102-112(1994))所述方法进行[3H]甘氨酸与NMDA-甘氨酸位点的直接结合。
结合试验的膜的制备需要用一系列标准方法。除特别指明外,将组织和匀化物保持于冰上,并于4℃进行离心。进行匀化同时努力减小组织/匀化物温度的升高。膜的制备包括下列步骤:
A.将4只大鼠处死并斩首;取出皮层和海马。
B.在20份体积的0.32M蔗糖/5mM Tris-乙酸盐(pH 7.4)中,用20冲的玻璃/聚四氟乙烯匀化器将组织匀化。
C.将组织以1000xg离心10分钟。保留上清液。将沉积物再悬浮于小体积的缓冲液中并再次匀化。离心匀化的沉积物并与前面的上清液合并。
D.以40000xg离心合并的上清液30分钟。弃去上清液。
E.将沉积物再悬浮于20份体积的5mM Tris-乙酸盐(pH7.4)中。在冰上将悬浮液搅拌1小时。以40000xg离心该悬浮液30分钟。弃去上清液,将沉积物冷冻至少24小时。
F.将步骤5获得的沉积物再悬浮于含有0.1%皂甙(w/v,SigmaChemical Co.,St.Louis)的Tris-乙酸盐(5mM,pH 7.4)缓冲液中至蛋白浓度为1mg/ml。于冰上放置20分钟。以40000xg将悬浮液离心30分钟。将沉积物再悬浮于不含皂甙的缓冲液中并再次离心。以10mg/ml浓度将沉积物再悬浮于Tris-乙酸盐缓冲液中,并分份冷冻。
G.在第三天,取出一份膜,于冰上融化。用10ml Tris-乙酸盐缓冲液稀释,以40000xg离心30分钟。重复洗涤步骤两次,共洗涤三次。将最终沉积物以1mg/ml的浓度再悬浮于不含甘氨酸的Tris-乙酸盐缓冲液中。
在含有150μg膜蛋白和50nM[3H]甘氨酸(0.5ml)的微量离心管中进行结合试验。用1mM甘氨酸测定非-特异性结合。将药物溶于测定缓冲液(50mM Tris-乙酸盐,pH 7.4)或DMSO(终浓度为0.1%)中。将膜于冰上孵育30分钟,用Whatman GF/B玻璃纤维滤膜过滤或离心(18000xg,20min)分离结合的放射配体和游离的放射配体。用冰冷的5mM Tris-乙酸盐缓冲液将滤膜或沉积物快速洗涤三次。干燥滤膜并置于闪烁管中计数。将沉积物溶于脱氧胆酸/NaOH(0.1N)溶液中过夜,中和并用闪烁计数测定放射活性。
用[3H]二氯犬尿烯酸(DCKA)进行NMDA-甘氨酸位点第二结合试验,并根据上述制备膜(见Yoneda等,J.Neurochem,60,634-645(1993))。根据上述[3H]甘氨酸进行结合试验,但是用[3H]DCKA标记甘氨酸位点。[3H]DCKA的终浓度为10nM,测定在冰上进行10分钟。
通过测定[3H]MK-801(dizocilpine)配体与所述位点的亲和力的间接测定进行NMDA-甘氨酸位点的第三结合试验(见Palmer和Burns,J.Neurochem.,62,187-196(1994))。用上述相同的方法制备试验的膜。该结合测定可以分别检测拮抗剂和激动剂。
根据下述进行第三结合试验以鉴定拮抗剂:将100μg膜与谷氨酸盐(10μM)和甘氨酸(200nM)以及各种浓度的待测配体一起加至96-孔培养板的孔中。通过加入5nM[3H]MK-801(23.9Ci/mmol)(与NMDA受体相关的离子通道结合)开始测定。测定的终体积为200μl。于室温下将该测定进行1小时。用TOMTEC收获器过滤分离结合的放射活性和游离的放射活性。拮抗剂的活性由待测配体的浓度增加而与NMDA受体相关的放射活性降低来表明。
通过进行如上试验作第三结合试验鉴定激动剂,但是甘氨酸的浓度为200nM。激动剂的活性由待测配体的浓度增加而与NMDA受体相关的放射活性增加来表明。
实施例17钙通量测定
本实施例说明在初级神经元细胞中测定钙通量的方法。
用初级神经元细胞培养物进行钙通量测定,所述神经元细胞由胎鼠皮层(用需要无菌解剖仪器、显微镜和特定培养液的标准方法和技术从怀孕大鼠解剖)制备。使用Lu等(Proc.Nat’l.Acad.Sci.USA,88,6289-6292(1991))所述方法的改良方法。
用下列配方预先制备特定的培养液:组分 来源(目录#) 终浓度D-葡萄糖 Sigma(G-7021) 0.6%转铁蛋白 Sigma(T-2252) 100μg/ml胰岛素 Sigma(I-5500) 25μg/ml黄体酮 Sigma(P-6149) 20nM1,4-丁二胺 Sigma(P-7505) 60μM硒 Sigma(S-5261) 30nMpen-strepΔ GIBCO(15070-014) 0.5U-0.5μg/mlL-谷氨酰胺* GIBCO(25030-16) 146mg/mlMEM° GIBCO(11095或11090)500ml/l
Δpen-strep:5000U/ml青霉素和5000μg/ml链霉素
*只有当使用无L-谷氨酰胺的MEM时才加入
°分别含有L-谷氨酰胺或不含有L-谷氨酰胺
在开始解剖前,用聚赖氨酸(100μg/ml,37℃至少30分钟)处理组织培养板,并用蒸馏水洗涤三次。而且,将含有两套无菌粗解剖器具(剪刀和镊子)以及数套精细解剖器具的金属盘高压灭菌。将剪刀和镊子置于盛有70%乙醇的灭菌烧杯中并放在解剖桌上。将盛有冷磷酸盐缓冲液(PBS)的培养皿置于解剖位置旁边的冰上。
将怀孕大鼠(到达时为E15或16,得自Hilltop Lab Animals(Scottdale,PA),解剖时为E17或18)置于二氧化碳/干冰箱内至神志丧失。取出大鼠,用大头针别住背,用70%乙醇对解剖部位擦洗,切开皮肤,取出目的部位。用第二把剪刀切开,取出在囊中的产前幼畜。将囊结置于冷的PBS中,然后转移至无菌防护罩中。
从囊中取出产前幼畜并处死。然后去除头颅,小心移出大脑,置于含有冷PBS的干净的培养皿中。此时,需要解剖显微镜进行。将大脑反转,以使皮层与培养皿接触,取出解剖器和皮层之间的组织(纹状体和其它的脑部分)。从皮层切下海马和嗅球。然后反转该组织,用镊子去除脑膜。将其余的组织(皮层)置于含有特定培养基的小培养皿内。
用解剖刀剁碎组织,然后用烧边的玻璃吸管研磨。然后将剁碎、研磨的组织转移至无菌塑料管中,并继续用带有细开口的玻璃吸管研磨。在适当的计数室内对细胞进行计数。将细胞以约40000细胞/孔置于96-孔培养板的100μl特定培养液中,以200000细胞/孔置于24-孔培养板的500μl特定培养液中,以400000细胞/孔置于12-孔培养板的1ml特定培养液中,以1.5×108细胞/35mm的培养皿的1.5ml中,以10×108细胞/100mm的培养皿的10ml中。为抑制神经胶质生长,用100μM5-氟-2-脱氧尿苷(FDUR,Sigma(F-0503))或50/μM尿苷(Sigma(F-3003))和50μMFDUR处理培养物。
使用于标准钙通量测定的皮层培养物于24-孔培养板上在上述特定的培养基中生长7天,并通过交换一半的培养基,用含有培养基(10%热灭活的胎牛血清,0.6%葡萄糖的MEM溶液)的血清补料一次。体外孵育12天后使用培养物。用HCSS(即HEPES缓冲控制盐液,含有120mM NaCl、5.4mM KCl、1.8mM CaCl2、25mM HEPES和15mM葡萄糖,用HPLC水配制,用NaOH(也用HPLC水配制)调节pH 7.4)将培养物洗涤三次。在第三次洗涤时,将培养物于37℃孵育20-30分钟。
在HCSS中制备含有45Ca++(5000 dpm/ml)和受试或对照药物的溶液。就在加入上述45Ca++溶液前,将培养物用HCSS洗涤两次,每孔加入250μl45Ca++溶液,一次一个培养板。于室温下,将培养物孵育10分钟,用HCSS洗涤三次,每孔加入1ml闪烁液体,接着振摇至少15分钟。在闪烁计数器上计数保留的放射活性。
实施例18-N-(3-氰基-3,3-二苯基)丙基-2-哌啶羧酸甲酯(化合物B9)的合成
于氩气环境下,将0.3g(1mmol)4-溴代-2,2-二苯基丁腈(Aldrich,Milwaukee,WI)、0.359g(2mmol)2-哌啶酸甲酯乙酸盐(Aldrich)、0.553g(4mmol)碳酸钾和0.166g(1mmol)碘化钾的5ml乙腈中的混合液回流20小时。过滤该反应混合物,蒸发溶剂,残留物经硅胶柱层析,用30%乙酸乙酯的己烷溶液洗脱,得到0.173g(产率48%)N-(3-氰基-3,3-二苯基)丙基-2-哌啶羧酸甲酯(化合物B9),为油状物。产物的NMR光谱为:1H NMR(CDCl3,300MHz)7.50-7.20(m,10H),3.58(s,3H),3.10-3.00(m,2H),2.70-2.50(m,3H),2.50-2.35(m,1H),2.25-2.10(m,1H),1.90-1.50(m,4H),1.40-1.20(m,2H);13C NMR(CDCl3,75MHz)173.59,140.00,139.00,128.71,127.72,126.58,126.46,121.73,103.85,65.09,52.88,51.47,50.92,49.70,36.35,29.27,24.82,22.27。
实施例19使用反应1的另外的合成
用反应1合成如下另外的化合物:化合物 试剂 氨基酸 溶剂 产率B1 A 1 X 70%B2 E 1 X 28%B3 B 2 Y 13%B4 B 1 X 57%B6 C 3 Z 24%B7 C 1 Z 48%B8 D 1 X 77%B11 D 4 X 61%B12 B 3 X 43%B13 B 4 X 39%B14 C 5 Z 63%B17 F 1 X 65%
试剂:A)1,1’-(4-氯亚丁基)双(4-氟代苯)(Acros Organics,Pittsburgh,PA);B)4-溴-1,1-二苯基-1-丁烯[根据F.A.Ali等,J.Med.Chem.,28:653-660,1985所述制备];C)二苯甲基2-溴代乙基醚[根据M.R.Pavia等,J.Med.Chem,35:4238-4248,1992所述制备];D)3,3-二苯基丙基甲苯磺酸酯[用LiAlH4使3,3-二苯基丙酸(Aldrich)还原为3,3-二苯基丙醇,接着进行甲苯磺酰化制备];E)9-芴基乙基甲苯磺酸酯[用LiAlH4使9-芴乙酸甲酯(Aldrich)还原为2-(9-芴基)乙醇,接着进行甲苯磺酰化制备];F)3,3-双(4-氟苯基)丙基甲苯磺酸酯[用氯代双(4-氟苯基)甲烷(Aldrich)使丙二酸二乙酯(Aldrich)烷基化,接着进行水解和去羧基、LiAlH4还原一羧酸并使形成的醇苯磺酰化制备]。
氨基酸:1)2-哌啶酸甲酯盐酸盐(Aldrich);2)(S-(-)-2-氮杂环丁烷羧酸甲酯盐酸盐[根据M.A.Brook等,Synthesis,p.201,1983所述通用方法,在甲醇中用氯代三甲基硅烷(Aldrich)使S-(-)-2-氮杂环丁烷羧酸(Aldrich)甲基化制备];3)L-脯氨酸甲酯盐酸盐(Aldrich);4)(±)-反式-3-氮杂双环[3.1.0]己烷-2-羧酸甲酯盐酸盐[根据M.A.Brook等,Synthesis,201,1983所述通用方法,在甲醇中用氯代三甲基硅烷(Aldrich)使(±)-反式-3-氮杂双环[3.1.0]己烷-2-羧酸(Aldrich)甲基化制备];5)吲哚-2-羧酸甲酯盐酸盐[根据M.A.Brook等,Synthesis,201,1983所述通用方法,在甲醇中用氯代三甲基硅烷(Aldrich)使吲哚-2-羧酸(Aldrich)甲基化制备]。
溶剂:X)乙腈;Y)二氧六环;Z)甲醇
实施例20A N-[(3,3-二苯基-3-羟基)丙基]-2-哌啶酸甲酯(化合物B18)的合成
步骤1:N-[(3-氧基-3-苯基)丙基]-2-哌啶酸甲酯:于回流、搅拌下,将3.37g(20mmol)3-氯代苯基乙基酮(Aldrich)、3.59g(20mmol)2-哌啶酸甲酯盐酸盐(Aldrich)、3.32g(20mmol)碘化钾和2.5g碳酸钾的140ml乙腈中的混合物加热2小时(反应29,图4)。过滤该反应混合物,蒸发溶剂,将残留物溶于二氯甲烷中,用水洗涤,经硫酸钠干燥。蒸发溶剂得到N-[(3-氧基-3-苯基)丙基]-2-哌啶酸甲酯,为黄色油状物,不经进一步纯化用于下一步骤。
步骤2:于-78℃,将0.21ml苯基锂(1.8M环己烷-乙醚溶液,Aldrich)滴加至0.101g(0.367mmol)N-[(3-氧基-3-苯基)丙基]-2-哌啶酸甲酯(得自步骤1)的5ml四氢呋喃溶液中(反应30,图4)。于-78℃搅拌0.5小时,于20℃搅拌0.5小时后,于0℃加入5ml10%氯化铵溶液骤冷该反应物。用二氯甲烷萃取该反应物,蒸发溶剂,残留物经制备性TLC纯化,用40%乙酸乙酯的己烷溶液展开,得到0.072g(产率56%)N-[(3,3-二苯基-3-羟基)丙基]-2-哌啶酸甲酯(化合物B18),为淡黄色油状物。
实施例20B N-[3-(4-氯代苯基)-3-(4-氟苯基)-3-羟丙基](2-哌啶酸)甲酯(化合物B30)
步骤1:根据实施例20A(步骤1)所述方法,用3-氯代-4’-氟苯基乙基酮(Aldrich)使2-哌啶酸甲酯烷基化制备N-[3-(4-氟代苯基)-3-氧基丙基](2-哌啶酸)甲酯,产率为92%。
步骤2:N-[3-(4-氯代苯基)-3-(4-氟苯基)-3-羟丙基](2-哌啶酸)甲酯(化合物B30):于氮气环境、搅拌下,将7ml(2mmol)4-氯代苯基碘化镁的0.28M乙醚溶液[由1-氯代-4-碘代苯(Aldrich)和镁制备]滴加至冰冷的0.605g(2mmol)N-[3-(4-氟代苯基)-3-氧基丙基](2-哌啶酸)甲酯(得自步骤1)的12ml无水乙醚溶液中。于室温下,将该混合物搅拌16小时,倾至碎冰中,用二氯甲烷萃取。用盐水洗涤合并的有机萃取物,浓缩,残留物经制备性硅胶TLC纯化,用25%乙酸乙酯的己烷溶液展开,得到0.037g(产率4.5%)N-[3-(4-氯代苯基)-3-(4-氟苯基)-3-羟丙基](2-哌啶酸)甲酯(化合物B30)。
用类似于步骤2的方法,使N-(3-氧基-3-苯基丙基)(2-哌啶酸)甲酯[类似于实施例20A步骤1的方法,由2-哌啶酸乙酯(Aldrich)合成]与4-氯代苯基碘化镁反应制备化合物B21,产率4%。
实施例20C N-[3-(4-氯代苯基)-3-(4-氟苯基)丙-2-烯基](2-哌啶酸)甲酯(化合物B20)的合成
于回流下,将0.035g(0.086mmol)N-[3-(4-氯代苯基)-3-(4-氟苯基)-3-羟丙基](2-哌啶酸)甲酯(化合物B30)的1ml 99%甲酸溶液加热0.5小时。真空浓缩该混合物,残留物溶于乙酸乙酯中,用饱和的碳酸氢钠和盐水洗涤,蒸发溶剂。残留物经制备性硅胶TLC纯化,用5%乙醚的二氯甲烷溶液展开得到0.018g(产率54%)N-[3-(4-氯代苯基)-3-(4-氟苯基)丙-2-烯基](2-哌啶酸)甲酯(化合物B20)。
实施例21A N-[3-苯基-3-(p-三氟甲基苯氧基)丙基](2-哌啶酸)甲酯(化合物B16)的合成
步骤1:于-78℃,将0.70ml三-叔丁氧基氢化铝锂(Aldrich)(1M THF溶液)加至0.190g(0.69mmol)N-[(3-氧基-3-苯基丙基](2-哌啶酸)甲酯(实施例20A步骤1制备)的10ml THF溶液中(反应31,图4)。于-78℃搅拌0.5小时,于室温下搅拌20小时后,于0℃加入10ml 10%氯化铵溶液骤冷该反应物,过滤并用二氯甲烷萃取。蒸发溶剂后,残留物经硅胶柱层析,用30%乙酸乙酯的己烷溶液洗脱,得到0.171g(产率89%)N-[(3-羟基-3-苯基)丙基](2-哌啶酸)甲酯,为淡黄色油状物。
步骤2:向冰冷的2.27g(8.2mmol)N-[(3-羟基-3-苯基)丙基](2-哌啶酸)甲酯(得自步骤1)的10ml无水二氯甲烷溶液中滴加4ml(51mmol)亚硫酰氯,于回流下将该混合物加热1小时(反应32,图4)。加入碎冰后,用饱和的碳酸钾溶液中和该反应混合物,用二氯甲烷萃取。蒸发合并的萃取物,残留物经硅胶柱层析,用20%乙醚的己烷溶液洗脱,得到1.45g(产率60%)N-[(3-氯代-3-苯基)丙基](2-哌啶酸)甲酯,为油状物。
步骤3:于室温下,将0.082g(0.28mmol)N-[(3-氯代-3-苯基)丙基](2-哌啶酸)甲酯(得自步骤2)的1ml无水二甲基甲酰胺溶液加至4-三氟甲基苯酚钠的2ml无水二甲基甲酰胺溶液中(反应33,图4)。通过向0.165g(1mmol)α,α,α-三氟-对-甲酚(Aldrich)的2ml二甲基甲酰胺溶液中加入0.040g 60%的氢化钠的矿物油溶液产生4-三氟甲基苯酚钠。于室温下,将该反应混合物搅拌30小时,真空蒸发溶剂,残留物经制备性TLC纯化,用30%乙酸乙酯的己烷溶液展开,得到0.079g(产率68%)N-[3-苯基-3-(对-三氟甲基苯氧基)丙基](2-哌啶酸)甲酯(化合物B16),为淡黄色油状物。
实施例21B用实施例21A的方法进行另外的合成
根据以上实施例21A(步骤3)所述方法,用N-(3-氯代-3-苯基丙基)(2-哌啶酸)乙酯使4-三氟甲基苯酚(Aldrich)烷基化制备化合物B23,产率6.5%。
根据以上实施例21A(步骤3)所述方法,用N-(3-氯代-3-苯基丙基)(2-哌啶酸)乙酯使苯酚(Aldrich)烷基化制备化合物B24,产率4%。
根据以上实施例21A(步骤3)所述方法,用N-(3-氯代-3-苯基丙基)(2-哌啶酸)乙酯使4-甲氧基苯酚(Aldrich)烷基化制备化合物B25,产率8%。
根据以上实施例21A(步骤3)所述方法,用N-(3-氯代-3-苯基丙基)(2-哌啶酸)乙酯使苯硫酚(Aldrich)烷基化制备化合物B29,产率12%。
实施例21C N-[3-(4-氯代苯氧基)-3-苯基丙基](2-哌啶酸)乙酯(化合物B22)的合成
于氮气环境、搅拌并用冰浴冷却下,将0.133g(0.76mmol)偶氮二羧酸二乙酯(Aldrich)滴加至0.142g(0.51mmol)N-(3-羟基-3-苯基丙基)(2-哌啶酸)甲酯(得自实施例21A步骤1)、0.083g(0.64mmol)对-氯代苯酚(Aldrich)和0.197g(0.75mmol)三苯膦的5ml无水四氢呋喃溶液中。于室温下,将该混合物搅拌4小时,蒸发溶剂,残留物经制备性硅胶TLC纯化,用30%乙酸乙酯的己烷溶液展开,得到0.09g(产率46%)N-[3-(4-氯代苯氧基)-3-苯基丙基](2-哌啶酸)乙酯(化合物B22)(见反应34,图4)。
实施例22 N-(4,4-二苯基)丁基-2-哌啶羧酸甲酯(化合物B10)的合成
于室温、40psi下,用0.030g 10%Pd/C,在5ml乙醇中,将0.040g(0.11mmol)N-[(4,4-二苯基)丁-3-烯基]-2-哌啶羧酸甲酯(化合物B4)氢化4小时。通过硅藻土过滤从催化剂中分离混合物,蒸发溶剂,得到0.028g(产率70%)N-(4,4-二苯基)丁基-2-哌啶羧酸甲酯(化合物B10),为油状物。产物的NMR光谱为:1HNMR(CDCl3,300MHz)7.40-7.10(m,10H),3.88(t,1H),3.65(s,3H),3.10-2.90(m,2H),2.60-2.45(m,1H),2.35-2.20(m,1H),2.10-1.90(m,3H),1.85-1.10(m,8H);13C NMR(CDCl3,75MHz)174.57,145.36,145.23,128.66,128.12,128.10,126.34,126.33,65.66,56.81,51.78,51.44,50.78,33.81,29.88,25.53,25.39,22.92。
实施例23 N-[(4,4-二苯基)丁-3-烯基]-L-2-氮杂环丁烷羧酸盐酸盐(化合物B15)的合成
向0.050g(0.3mmol)N-[(4,4-二苯基)丁-3-烯基]-L-2-氮杂环丁烷羧酸甲酯(化合物B3)的2.4ml乙醇溶液中加入1.2ml 1N氢氧化锂,于室温下将该混合物搅拌20小时。将该反应混合物浓缩至一半体积,用4N盐酸酸化,用二氯甲烷萃取4次。干燥合并的萃取物,蒸发得到0.041g(产率80%)N-[(4,4-二苯基)丁-3-烯基]-L-2-氮杂环丁烷羧酸盐酸盐(化合物B1 5)。1H NMR(CD3OD,300MHz)7.50-7.00(m,10H),6.08(t,1H),4.62(t,1H),4.00-3.75(m,3H),3.30-3.20(m,1H),2.75-2.55(m,1H),2.50-2.30(m,3H)。
通过相应的酯化合物B14水解制备化合物B5。
通过相应的酯化合物B23水解制备化合物B19。
尽管我们描述了本发明并强调优选的实施方案,但是对本领域的普通技术人员而言很明显可以使用在优选的设备和方法上的修改,并且可以按不是在此所特别描述的内容来实施本发明。因此,本发明包括下列权利要求书所定义的本发明宗旨和范围内的所有修改。
Claims (42)
其中:
(1)X为氮或碳,当X为氮时R2不存在;
(2)R2(a)为氢、(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷氧基、氰基、(C2-C7)链烷酰基、氨基羰基、(C1-C6)烷基氨基羰基或其中每一个烷基分别独立地为C1到C6的二烷基氨基羰基,(b)包括(其中R1不是氨基亚乙基、-O-R8或-S-R8*)羟基、氟、氯、溴或(C2-C7)链烷酰氧基,(c)与相邻的来自R1、Rxb或Ryb之一的碳或氮形成双键或(d)为由R2b连接到X上的R2a。
(2i)Rx为Rxb连接到X上的Rxa;
(2ii)Ry为Ryb连接到X上的Rya;
(2iii)Rxa、Rya和R2a独立地为芳基、杂芳基、金刚烷基或具有选自包括氧、硫和氮的0-2个杂原子的5-7元非芳香环。其中:
(a)芳基为苯基或萘基,
(b)杂芳基包括五元环、六元环、与五元环稠合的六元环、与六元环稠合的五元环或与六元环稠合的六元环,其中所述杂芳基为芳香的并含有选自包括氧、硫和氮的杂原子,而其余的环原子为碳,
(c)Rxa、Rya和R2a的每一个可独立地为Rq、RrO-或RsS-其中之一所取代,其中Rq、Rr和Rs中的每一个独立地为芳基、杂芳基、金刚烷基或5-7元非芳香环,上述环的结构如Rxa所定义,和
(d)Rxa、Rya、R2a、Rq、Rr和Rs可另外为选自下列的一个或多个取代基所取代:氟、氯、溴、硝基、羟基、氰基、三氟甲基、具有多至二个独立的(C1-C6)N-烷基取代基的氨基磺酰基、金刚烷基、(C1-C12)烷基、(C1-C12)链烯基、氨基、(C1-C6)烷基氨基、其中每一个烷基独立地为C1-C6的二烷基氨基、(C1-C6)烷氧基、(C2-C7)链烷酰基、(C2-C7)链烷酰基氧基、三氟甲氧基、羟基羰基、(C2-C7)烷氧基羰基、可用多至二个独立的(C1-C6)烷基取代氢的氨基羰基、(C1-C6)烷基磺酰基、用多至三个(C1-C6)烷基独立取代的脒基、或用二个氧与所述芳环或杂芳环结构上相邻位置键合的亚甲二氧基或亚乙二氧基,该亚甲二氧基或亚乙二氧基可用多至二个独立的(C1-C6)烷基取代,其中:
(i)Rxa、Rya和R2a的取代可在Rxa、Rya和R2a的两个之间结合形成第二个桥接,包括(1)(C1-C2)烷基或链烯基,它可用一个或多个(C1-C6)烷基独立地取代,(2)硫,(3)氧,(4)氨基,它可用一个(C1-C6)烷基取代氢,(5)羰基,(6)-CH2C(=O)-,它可用多至二个独立的(C1-C6)烷基取代氢,(7)-C(=O)-O-,(8)-CH2-O-,它可用多至二个独立的(C1-C6)烷基取代氢,(9)-C(=O)N(R24),其中R24为氢或(C1-C6)烷基,(10)-CH2-NH-,它可用多至三个(C1-C6)烷基取代氢,或(11)-CH=N-,它可用(C1-C6)烷基取代氢,或其中Rxa、Rya和R2a中的二个直接以单键连接;
(2iv)Rxb和R2b独立地为单键或(C1-C2)亚烷基;
(2v)Ryb为单键、氧杂、(C1-C2)亚烷基、亚乙基或-CH=(其中所述双键与X连接)、硫杂、亚甲氧基或亚甲硫基、或-N(R6)或-CH2-N(R6*)-,其中R6和R6*为氢或(C1-C6)烷基,其中当X为氮时,X不与其它杂原子相连;
(3)R1包括:直链(C2-C3)脂肪族基团;当X为碳时,为=N-O-(亚乙基),其中未配对双键与X连接;(当X为碳,Ryb不包括与X连接的杂原子时),其中R8或R8*为亚乙基或亚乙烯基的-O-R8或-S-R8*并且O或S与X相连接;(当X为碳,Ryb不包括与X连接的杂原子时),其中所述氨基与X相连接的氨基亚乙基:其中R1可被至多一个羟基、至多一个(C1-C6)烷氧基或至多一个(C2-C7)链烷酰氧基、至多二个独立的(C1-C6)烷基、至多一个氧代基、至多一个(C1-C6)亚烷基所取代,前提为所述羟基、烷氧基、链烷酰氧基或氧代取代基不与与氮或氧相连的碳相连;
其中R1的烷基或亚烷基取代基可连接形成3-7元非芳香环;和
其中如果X为氮,X以单键与R1相连接,连接R1与氮的R1的端基碳是饱和的;
(4)R3(a)为氢、(C1-C6)烷基或苯基或其中所述烷基为C1-C6的苯基烷基并且该苯基可用上述Rxa的芳基或杂芳基所定义的相同的取代基所取代。(b)为-R12Z(Rxx)(Ryy)(R11),其中R12与N结合,Z独立地与X相同,Rxx独立地与Rx相同,Ryy独立地与Ry相同,R11独立地与R2相同,R12独立地与R1相同,或(c)与R4共同形成如下C环:
其中当C环存在时,R4*为氢;
(5)n为0或1,并且当n为1时,R3*为(C1-C6)烷基(与之相连接的氮带正电荷)或氧(形成N-氧化物),X为碳;
(5’)Q与所述环上氮和带有R5的环上碳共同形成C环,其中C环为3-8元环、被3-6元螺环取代的3-8元环或与5-6元环稠合的3-8元环,其中缺少所述环上氮的稠合环可以为芳环或杂芳环,其中对每一个C环的组成环而言,具有选自氧、硫或氮的多至二个杂原子,包括所述氮和其余碳,其前提为环上原子包括所述氮正是季氮,其前提为在饱和环中,至少二个插入碳原子将环上氮原子与环上其它杂原子分隔开来:
其中C环的碳和氮环原子可以用选自下列的取代基取代:(C1-C6)烷基、(C2-C6)亚链烯基、氰基、硝基、三氟甲基、(C2-C7)烷氧基羰基、(C1-C6)亚烷基、羟基、(C1-C6)烷氧基、氧代基、羟基羰基、如Rxa所定义的芳基或如Rxa所定义的杂芳基,其前提为被亚烷基、羟基羰基或氧代基所取代的环上原子为碳,进一步的前提为被羟基或烷氧基所取代的环上原子与环上其它杂原子被至少二个插入碳原子分离开来;
(6)R4和R4*独立为氢或(C1-C6)烷基或R4和R4*之一可以为(C1-C6)羟基烷基;和
(7)R5为(CO)NR13R14、(CO)OR15、(CO)SR16、(SO2)NR17R18、(PO)(OR19)(OR20)、(CR22)(OR23)(OR24)、CN或四唑-5-基,其中R13、R14、R15、R16、R17、R18、R19和R20分别独立为氢、可包括(C3-C8)环烷基的(C1-C8)烷基(其中与R15的氧或与R16的硫连接的碳没有超过二级支链)、(C2-C6)羟基烷基、氨基烷基(其中烷基为C2-C6,氨基可被多至二个独立的(C1-C6)烷基所取代)、芳基烷基(其中烷基为C1-C6)、杂芳基烷基(其中烷基为C1-C6)、芳基或杂芳基,R22为氢或OR25,R23、R24和R25为(C1-C6)烷基、苯基、苄基、乙酰基或,当R22为氢时,R23和R24的烷基可以结合成包括1,3-二氧戊环或1,3-二氧六环:
其中所述芳基为苯基或萘基,所述杂芳基为五元环、六元环、与五元环稠合的六元环、与六元环稠合的五元环或与六元环稠合的六元环,其中所述杂芳基为芳香基并含有选自包括氧、硫和氮的杂原子,而剩余环上原子为碳;
其中所述芳基、杂芳基、芳基烷基的芳基或杂芳基烷基的杂芳基可以被选自下列的取代基所取代:氟、氯、溴、硝基、氰基、羟基、三氟甲基、可有多至二个独立的(C1-C6)N-烷基取代基的氨基磺酰基、(C1-C6)烷基、(C2-C6)链烯基、(C1-C6)烷基胺、每一个烷基为独立的C1-C6的二烷基胺、氨基、(C1-C6)烷氧基、(C2-C7)链烷酰基、(C2-C7)链烷酰基氧基、三氟甲氧基、羟基羰基、(C2-C7)烷氧基羰基、可被多至二个独立的(C1-C6)烷基N-取代的氨基羰基、(C1-C6)烷基磺酰基、可被多至三个(C1-C6)烷基取代的脒基或用二个氧与芳环或杂芳环结构上相邻位置键合的亚甲二氧基或亚乙二氧基,该亚甲二氧基或亚乙二氧基可用多至二个独立的(C1-C6)烷基取代;
其中R13和R14可与氮一起形成含有选自氧和硫的另外一个杂原子的5-7元环,
其中如果R15为氢,R1为亚丙基,那么至少下列情况之一适用:(1)Rx和Ry不是对-氟代苯基,(2)Rx和Ry之一包括杂芳基,(3)Ry为芳烷基、杂芳烷基、芳氧基、杂芳氧基、芳基甲氧基、杂芳基甲氧基、芳硫基、杂芳硫基、芳甲硫基、杂芳基甲硫基、Ar-N(R6)-或Ar-CH2-N(R6*)-,(4)R2为RxaRxb-,(5)R2*不是氢,(6)R3不是氢,(7)n为1,或(8)R3和R4形成环Q;
如果R15为氢,R1为亚乙基或X-R1为亚丙-1-烯基,那么至少下列情况之一适用:(1)至少Rx和Ry之一的芳基被不同于氢的基团取代,(2)Rx和Ry之一包括杂芳基,(3)Ry为芳烷基、杂芳烷基、芳氧基、杂芳氧基、芳基甲氧基、杂芳基甲氧基、芳硫基、杂芳硫基、芳甲硫基、杂芳基甲硫基、Ar-N(R6)-或Ar-CH2-N(R6*)-,(4)R2为RxaRxb-,(5)R2*不是氢,(6)R3不是氢,(7)n为1,或(8)R3和R4形成环Q;
如果R5为C(O)NH2,那么至少下列情况之一适用:(1)至少Rx和Ry之一的芳基被不同于氢的基团取代,(2)Rx和Ry之一包括杂芳基,(3)Ry为芳烷基、杂芳烷基、芳氧基、杂芳氧基、芳基甲氧基、杂芳基甲氧基、芳硫基、杂芳硫基、芳甲硫基、杂芳基甲硫基、Ar-N(R6)-或Ar-CH2-N(R6*)-,(4)R2为RxaRxb-,(5)R2*不是氢,(6)R3不是氢,(7)n为1,(8)R1不是亚乙基,或(9)R3和R4形成环Q;
如果R13为氢,R14为(3,4-二氢-2H-1-苯并吡喃-4-基)亚甲基,那么至少一种情况[优选至少两种情况,更优选至少三种情况]适用:(1)至少Rx和Ry之一的芳基被不同于氢的基团取代,(2)Rx和Ry之一包括杂芳基,(3)Ry为芳烷基、杂芳烷基、芳氧基、杂芳氧基、芳基甲氧基、杂芳基甲氧基、芳硫基、杂芳硫基、芳甲硫基、杂芳基甲硫基、Ar-N(R6)-或Ar-CH2-N(R6*)-,(4)R2为RxaRxb-,(5)R2*不是氢,(6)R3不是乙基,(7)n为1,或(8)R3和R4形成环Q;和
如果R2为苯基、对-甲基苯基或对-甲氧基苯基,那么至少下列一种情况适用:(1)Rx和Ry的芳基不被对-甲基苯基或对-甲氧基苯基取代,(2)至少Rx和Ry之一的芳基被不同于氢的基团取代,(3)Rx和Ry之一包括杂芳基,(4)Ry为芳烷基、杂芳烷基、芳氧基、杂芳氧基、芳基甲氧基、杂芳基甲氧基、芳硫基、杂芳硫基、芳甲硫基、杂芳基甲硫基、Ar-N(R6)-或Ar-CH2-N(R6*)-,(5)R1不是氨基亚乙基、OR8或SR8*,(6)n为1,或(7)R3和R4形成环Q。
2. 权利要求1的化合物,所述环Q为包括所说明的环氮并且其余的环原子为碳的4-8元环。
3. 权利要求1的化合物,其中(A)至少Rxa、Rya和R2a之一被下列取代基所取代:氟、氯、溴、羟基、三氟甲基、三氟甲氧基、硝基、氰基、(C3-C8)烷基、Rq、RrO-、RsS-,(B)R3为氢、(C1-C6)烷基或苯基或其中所述烷基为C1-C6的苯基烷基,该苯基可被以上Rxa的芳基或杂芳基所定义的相同取代基所取代,或(C)Rxa、Rya和R2a的环结构,包括其取代基,否则包括至少二个共同含有15-20个环原子的芳香环结构。
4. 权利要求3的化合物,其中至少Rxa、Rya和R2a之一被下列取代基所取代:氟、三氟甲基、三氟甲氧基、硝基、氰基或(C3-C8)烷基。
5. 权利要求1的化合物,其中至少Rxa、Rya和R2a之一被Rq、RrO-或RsS-取代。
6. 权利要求1的化合物,其中至少Rxa、Rya和R2a之一的芳基或杂芳基为苯基。
7. 权利要求1的化合物,其中Ryb为氧杂、亚甲氧基、硫杂、亚甲基硫杂。
8. 权利要求的化合物,其中Ryb为氧杂或硫杂。
9. 权利要求1的化合物,其中R5为(CO)NR13R14、(CO)OR15或(CO)SR16。
10. 权利要求9的化合物,其中R15为(C2-C6)烷基、(C2-C4)羟基烷基、苯基、其中所述烷基为C1-C3的苯基烷基或所述烷基为C2-C6和所述氨基可被多至二个独立的(C1-C3)烷基取代的氨基烷基,其中所述苯基或苯基烷基的苯基可被取代。
11. 权利要求9的化合物,其中R15为氢。
12. 权利要求1的化合物,其中R4为氢、甲基或羟甲基,R4*为氢。
13. 权利要求1的化合物,其中至少Rxa、Rya和R2a之一为杂芳基,它包括二唑基、三唑基、四唑基、噻唑基、异噻唑基、噁唑基、异噁唑基、硫羟基(thiolyl)、二嗪基、三嗪基、苯并唑基、苯并二唑基、苯并噻唑基、苯并噁唑基、benzoxolyl、benzothiolyl、喹啉基、异喹啉基、苯并二嗪基、苯并三嗪基、吡啶基、噻吩基、呋喃基、吡咯基、吲哚基、异吲哚基或嘧啶基。
14. 权利要求1的化合物,其中R1为-O-R8或-S-R8*。
15. 权利要求1的化合物,其中所述Rxa、Rya和R2a中两个之间的第二键接为L并满足下式:其中A和B分别为Rxa和Rya的芳基或杂芳基。
16. 权利要求14的化合物,其中Rxa-Rxb、Rya-Ryb与X形成:其中Y为以单键或双键与R1连接的碳或与R1连接的氮,其中R21(i.)形成连接Rx和Ry的二个芳基或杂芳基环的单键,(ii.)为(C1-C2)亚烷基或亚链烯基,(iii.)为硫或(iv.)为氧,其中Rx和Ry可如前所述被取代。
17. 权利要求16的化合物,其中R21为CH2CH2或CH=CH。
19. 权利要求1的化合物,其中Rxa和Rya一起可被多至六个取代基所取代,R2a、Rq、Rr和Rs中的每一个可被多至三个取代基所取代,其中Rq、Rr或Rs中每一个的存在都被认为是Rxa、Rya和R2a的分别的环结构的取代基。
20. 权利要求1的化合物,其中R3的苯基被多至三个取代基所取代。
21. 权利要求1的化合物,其中所述R13、R14、R15、R16、R17、R18、R19或R20的芳基、杂芳基、芳基烷基的芳基或杂芳基烷基的杂芳基可被多至三个取代基取代。
22. 权利要求1的化合物,其中所述化合物为旋光纯对映体。
23. 含有权利要求1的化合物和药学上可接受的赋形剂的药用组合物。
24. 权利要求23的药用组合物,其中权利要求1的化合物以有效量存在以用于:
(1)治疗或预防精神分裂症,
(2)提高治疗或预防痴呆症,
(3)治疗或预防癫痫,
(4)治疗或预防痉挛状态,
(5)治疗或预防肌痉挛,
(6)治疗或预防疼痛,
(7)预防中风后神经细胞死亡,
(8)预防患神经变性性疾病的动物的神经细胞死亡,
(9)治疗或预防心境障碍如抑郁症,
(10)增强记忆或学习能力,或
(11)治疗或预防学习障碍。
25. 用于下列目的方法:(1)治疗或预防精神分裂症,包括给予精神分裂症患者治疗或预防有效量的化合物,(2)治疗或预防痴呆症,包括给予痴呆症患者治疗或预防有效量的化合物,(3)治疗或预防癫痫,包括给予癫痫患者治疗或预防有效量的化合物,(4)治疗或预防痉挛状态,包括给予痉挛状态患者治疗或预防有效量的化合物,(5)治疗或预防肌痉挛,包括给予肌痉挛患者治疗或预防有效量的化合物,(6)治疗或预防疼痛,包括给予疼痛患者治疗或预防有效量的化合物,(7)预防中风后神经细胞死亡,包括给予神经细胞死亡患者预防有效量的化合物,(8)预防患神经变性性疾病的动物的神经细胞死亡,(9)治疗或预防心境障碍,(10)增强记忆或学习能力,或(11)治疗或预防学习障碍,该方法包括给予所述治疗、预防或增强有效量的下式化合物或其药学上可接受的盐:其中:
(1)X为氮或碳,当X为氮时R2不存在;
(2)R2(a)为氢、(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷氧基、氰基、(C2-C7)链烷酰基、氨基羰基、(C1-C6)烷基氨基羰基或其中每一个烷基分别独立为C1到C6的二烷基氨基羰基,(b)包括(其中R1不是氨基亚乙基、-O-R8或-S-R8*)羟基、氟、氯、溴或(C2-C7)链烷酰氧基,(c)与相邻的来自R1、Rxb或Ryb之一的碳或氮形成双键或(d)为由R2b连接到X上的R2a。
(2i)Rx为Rxb连接到X上的Rxa;
(2ii)Ry为Ryb连接到X上的Rya;
(2iii)Rxa、Rya和R2a独立地为芳基、杂芳基、金刚烷基或具有选自氧、硫和氮的0-2个杂原子的5-7元非芳香环,其中:
(a)芳基为苯基或萘基,
(b)杂芳基包括五元环、六元环、与五元环稠合的六元环、与六元环稠合的五元环或与六元环稠合的六元环,其中所述杂芳基为芳香的并含有选自氧、硫和氮的杂原子,而其余的环原子为碳,
(c)Rxa、Rya和R2a的每一个可独立地为Rq、RrO-或RsS-之一所取代,其中Rq、Rr和Rs中的每一个独立地为芳基、杂芳基、金刚烷基或5-7元非芳香环,上述环的结构如Rxa所定义,和
(d)Rxa、Rya、R2a、Rq、Rr和Rs可另外为选自下列的一个或多个取代基所取代:氟、氯、溴、硝基、羟基、氰基、三氟甲基、具有多至二个独立的(C1-C6)N-烷基取代基的氨基磺酰基、金刚烷基、(C1-C12)烷基、(C1-C12)链烯基、氨基、(C1-C6)烷基氨基、其中每一个烷基独立地为C1-C6的二烷基氨基、(C1-C6)烷氧基、(C2-C7)链烷酰基、(C2-C7)链烷酰基氧基、三氟甲氧基、羟基羰基、(C2-C7)烷氧基羰基、可用多至二个独立的(C1-C6)烷基取代氢的氨基羰基、(C1-C6)烷基磺酰基、可用多至三个(C1-C6)烷基独立取代的脒基、或用二个氧与所述芳环或杂芳环结构上相邻位置键合的亚甲二氧基或亚乙二氧基,该亚甲二氧基或亚乙二氧基可用多至二个独立的(C1-C6)烷基取代,其中:
(i)Rxa、Rya和R2a的取代基可在Rxa、Rya和R2a中的两个之间结合形成第二个桥接,包括(1)(C1-C2)烷基或链烯基,它可用一个或多个(C1-C6)烷基独立取代,(2)硫,(3)氧,(4)氨基,它可用一个(C1-C6)烷基取代氢,(5)羰基,(6)-CH2C(=O)-,它可用多至二个独立的(C1-C6)烷基取代氢,(7)-C(=O)-O-,(8)-CH2-O-,它可用多至二个独立的(C1-C6)烷基取代氢,(9)-C(=O)N(R24),其中R24为氢或(C1-C6)烷基,(10)-CH2-NH-,它可用多至三个(C1-C6)烷基取代氢,或(11)-CH=N-,它可用(C1-C6)烷基取代氢,或其中Rxa、Rya和R2a的二个直接以单键连接;
(2iv)Rxb和R2b独立为单键或(C1-C2)亚烷基;
(2v)Ryb为单键、氧杂、(C1-C2)亚烷基、亚乙基或-CH=(其中所述双键与X连接)、硫杂、亚甲氧基或亚甲硫基、或-N(R6)或-CH2-N(R6*)-,其中R6和R6*为氢或(C1-C6)烷基,其中当X为氮时X不与其它杂原子相连;
(3)R1包括:直链(C2-C3)脂肪族基团;当X为碳时,为=N-O-(亚乙基),其中未配对双键与X连接;(当X为碳,Ryb不包括与X连接的杂原子时),其中R8或R8*为亚乙基或亚乙烯基的-O-R8或-S-R8*并且O或S与X相连接;(当X为碳,Ryb不包括与X连接的杂原子时),其中所述氨基与X相连接的氨基亚乙基:其中R1可被至多一个羟基、至多一个(C1-C6)烷氧基或至多一个(C2-C7)链烷酰氧基、至多二个独立的(C1-C6)烷基、至多一个氧代基、至多一个(C1-C6)亚烷基所取代,前提为所述羟基、烷氧基、链烷酰氧基或氧代基取代基不与与氮或氧相连的碳相连;
其中R1的烷基或亚烷基取代基可连接形成3-7元非芳香环;和
其中如果X为氮,X以单键与R1相连接,连接R1与氮的R1的端基碳是饱和的;
(4)R3(a)为氢、(C1-C6)烷基、或苯基或其中烷基为C1-C6的苯基烷基并且该苯基可用上述Rxa的芳基或杂芳基所定义的相同的取代基所取代,(b)为-R12Z(Rxx)(Ryy)(R11),其中R12与N结合,Z独立与X相同,Rxx独立与Rx相同,Ryy独立与Ry相同,R11独立与R2相同,R12独立与R1相同,或(c)与R4共同形成如下C环:其中当C环存在时,R4*为氢;
(5)n为0或1,并且当n为1时,R3*为(C1-C6)烷基(与之相连接的氮带正电荷)或氧(形成N-氧化物),X为碳;
(5’)Q与所述环上氮和带有R5的环上碳共同形成C环,其中C环为3-8元环、被3-6元螺环取代的3-8元环、或与5-6元环稠合的3-8元环,其中缺少所述环上氮的稠合环可以为芳环或杂芳环,其中对每一个C环的组成环而言,具有选自氧、硫或氮的多至二个杂原子,包括所述氮和其余碳,其前提为环上原子包括所述氮正是季氮,其前提为在饱和环中,至少二个插入碳原子将环上氮原子与环上其它杂原子分隔开来:
其中C环的碳和氮环原子可以用选自下列的取代基取代:(C1-C6)烷基、(C2-C6)亚链烯基、氰基、硝基、三氟甲基、(C2-C7)烷氧基羰基、(C1-C6)亚烷基、羟基、(C1-C6)烷氧基、氧代基、羟基羰基、如Rxa所定义的芳基或如Rxa定义的杂芳基,其前提为被亚烷基、羟基羰基或氧代基所取代的环上原子为碳,进一步的前提为被羟基或烷氧基所取代的环上原子与环上其它杂原子被至少二个插入碳原子分离开来;
(6)R4和R4*独立为氢或(C1-C6)烷基或R4和R4*之一可以为(C1-C6)羟基烷基;和
(7)R5为(CO)NR13R14、(CO)OR15、(CO)SR16、(SO2)NR17R18、(PO)(OR19)(OR20)、(CR22)(OR23)(OR24)、CN或四唑-5-基,其中R13、R14、R15、R16、R17、R18、R19和R20分别独立为氢、可包括(C3-C8)环烷基的(C1-C8)烷基(其中与R15的氧或与R16的硫连接的碳没有超过二级支链)、(C2-C6)羟基烷基、氨基烷基(其中所述烷基为C2-C6,所述氨基可被多至二个独立的(C1-C6)烷基所取代)、芳基烷基(其中所述烷基为C1-C6)、杂芳基烷基(其中所述烷基为C1-C6)、芳基或杂芳基,R22为氢或OR25,R23、R24和R25为(C1-C6)烷基、苯基、苄基、乙酰基或,当R22为氢时,R23和R24的烷基可以结合成包括1,3-二氧戊环或1,3-二氧六环:
其中所述芳基为苯基或萘基,所述杂芳基为五元环、六元环、与五元环稠合的六元环、与六元环稠合的五元环或与六元环稠合的六元环,其中所述杂芳基为芳香基并含有选自氧、硫和氮的杂原子,而剩余环上原子为碳;
其中所述芳基、杂芳基、芳基烷基的芳基或杂芳基烷基的杂芳基可以被选自下列的取代基所取代:氟、氯、溴、硝基、氰基、羟基、三氟甲基、可有多至二个独立的(C1-C6)N-烷基取代基的氨基磺酰基、(C1-C6)烷基、(C2-C6)链烯基、(C1-C6)烷基胺、每一个烷基为独立的C1-C6的二烷基胺、氨基、(C1-C6)烷氧基、(C2-C7)链烷酰基、(C2-C7)链烷酰基氧基、三氟甲氧基、羟基羰基、(C2-C7)烷氧基羰基、可被多至二个独立的(C1-C6)烷基N-取代的氨基羰基、(C1-C6)烷基磺酰基、可被多至三个(C1-C6)烷基取代的脒基、或用二个氧与芳环或杂芳环结构上相邻位置键合的亚甲二氧基或亚乙二氧基,该亚甲二氧基或亚乙二氧基可用多至二个独立的(C1-C6)烷基取代;和
其中R13和R14可与氮一起形成含有选自氧和硫的另外一个杂原子的5-7元环。
26. 权利要求25的方法,其中所述痉挛状态与癫痫、中风、头部创伤、多发性硬化症、脊髓创伤或肌张力障碍有关。
27. 权利要求26的方法,其中所述神经变性性疾病为Alzheimer氏疾病、多梗塞性痴呆、AIDS痴呆、Parkinson氏疾病、Huntington氏疾病、肌萎缩性侧索硬化或中风或头部创伤。
30. 合成权利要求1的化合物的方法,该方法包括将RdNH2用下式化合物还原烷基化
其中Rd和Rc独立与Rx所定义的相同,并且其中R27与R1定义相同,但它不包括氮、氧或硫并且也不包括任何与上述羰基共轭的双键。
31. 合成权利要求1的化合物的方法,该方法包括使RfOH或Rf*SH与下式化合物反应分别形成醚或硫醚,其中Rc、Rf或Rf*独立与Rx所定义的相同,其中R27与R1定义相同,但它不包括氮、氧或硫并且也不包括任何与上述L5-取代碳相结合的原子上的双键,其中L5为亲核取代离去基团。
32. 权利要求31的方法,还包括通过下列步骤合成下式化合物将下式化合物的羟基用其它亲核取代离去基团取代。
35. 合成权利要求1的化合物的方法,该方法包括将下式化合物脱水形成下式化合物其中C*与相邻的碳形成双键,Re和Rc独立与Rx的定义相同,R28和R28*与R1定义相同,但是R28和R28*不包括氮、氧或硫。
39. 合成可以用于合成权利要求1的化合物的化合物的方法,该方法包括通过下列步骤合成式X化合物:使下式的化合物与RdNHSO2Ar反应,其中Rc和Rd独立与Rx相同,Ar为芳基或杂芳基,其中R28与R1定义相同,但是R28不包括氮、氧或硫。
40. 权利要求39的方法进一步包括将式X化合物转化为:
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US65591296A | 1996-05-31 | 1996-05-31 | |
US65606396A | 1996-05-31 | 1996-05-31 | |
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US08/656,063 | 1996-05-31 | ||
US80875597A | 1997-02-27 | 1997-02-27 | |
US80875497A | 1997-02-27 | 1997-02-27 | |
US08/808,754 | 1997-02-27 |
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Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN100439330C (zh) * | 2003-04-30 | 2008-12-03 | H.隆德贝克有限公司 | 芳族羟苯基和芳族硫基苯基衍生物 |
CN104098479A (zh) * | 2014-07-28 | 2014-10-15 | 昆明学院 | 含芳环的胺类化合物及其制备方法和应用 |
CN104098479B (zh) * | 2014-07-28 | 2016-02-10 | 昆明学院 | 含芳环的胺类化合物及其制备方法和应用 |
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DE69736441T2 (de) | 2007-07-19 |
DE69736441D1 (de) | 2006-09-14 |
CA2254833C (en) | 2008-04-29 |
DK1014966T3 (da) | 2006-12-04 |
NO985711L (no) | 1998-12-07 |
EP1014966A1 (en) | 2000-07-05 |
JP2002515037A (ja) | 2002-05-21 |
SK285854B6 (sk) | 2007-09-06 |
EP1014966A4 (en) | 2001-10-04 |
PT1014966E (pt) | 2006-12-29 |
CZ294348B6 (cs) | 2004-12-15 |
BR9709501A (pt) | 2000-11-07 |
NZ332780A (en) | 2000-07-28 |
HUP0100815A3 (en) | 2002-11-28 |
EP1014966B1 (en) | 2006-08-02 |
JP4424450B2 (ja) | 2010-03-03 |
IL127244A (en) | 2005-11-20 |
WO1997045115A1 (en) | 1997-12-04 |
SK170098A3 (en) | 2000-02-14 |
CA2254833A1 (en) | 1997-12-04 |
SI1014966T1 (sl) | 2006-10-31 |
ATE334668T1 (de) | 2006-08-15 |
AU3153097A (en) | 1998-01-05 |
HUP0100815A2 (hu) | 2001-08-28 |
CA2619901A1 (en) | 1997-12-04 |
NO985711D0 (no) | 1998-12-07 |
AU730789B2 (en) | 2001-03-15 |
ES2270462T3 (es) | 2007-04-01 |
IL127244A0 (en) | 1999-09-22 |
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Effective date of registration: 20080912 Address after: New jersey, USA Applicant after: NPS PHARMACEUTICALS, Inc. Address before: New jersey, USA Applicant before: ALLELIX NEUROSCIENCE Inc. |
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Open date: 20011219 |