CN1322298A - 从复阻抗/导纳中确定电池特性的方法和装置 - Google Patents
从复阻抗/导纳中确定电池特性的方法和装置Info
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Abstract
装置(10、30、50)包括微处理器或微控制器,并在离散频率上测量单元或电池的复导抗的实部和虚部,其中,n是等于或大于2的整数。装置通过计算包括2n个频率独立元件的等效电路模型的元件确定单元/电池特性。在n个测量频率(70)上适当模型测量的导抗(60)的实部和虚部的值确定了2n个非线性方程的系统。引入2n个中间变量可以解这些方程,并导出2n个模型元件的值。元件值的表格实际上在宽频率范围内包含与复导抗的频谱一样的信息,但是,以比较简明的形式提供的这个信息较容易存储、分析和处理。因此,2n个元件值本身包括要求的结果。
Description
发明背景
小-信号ac测量技术已经证明确定电化学元件和电池的特性是非常有用的,例如,启动(cranking)功率、百分比容量、健康状态。这些技术通常采用单个数量的单-频测量,例如,电导(美国专利US 5585728、US 5140269)、电阻(美国专利US 3676770、US 3753094、US 5047772)、阻抗(美国专利US 4697134、US 5773978)。但是,电的、化学的、物理性质的大量信息包含在复导抗的连续频谱中,既,阻抗或导纳显示在频率的范围上。(例如,见“在电池研制和测量中的电化学阻抗波谱学”作者:David Robinson,电池国际,31,pp 59-63,1997,4)。在测量电池领域中的巨大难题是从选择的几个“点”频获得的相对小的测量数得到这样的信息。
Muramatsu在美国专利US 4678998对这个难题公开了一种方法。它在两个频率上测量阻抗的大小。在每个频率上,它把测量的值与阻抗值、剩余容量、剩余寿命之间的预定试验关系的值进行比较。它报告说这样的测量可以单独地确定电池的剩余容量和它的剩余寿命。Randin在美国专利US4743855中公开了第二种方法。它从两个频率上测量的复阻抗之间的差的独立变量确定电池的放电状态。Bounaga在美国专利US5650937中公开了另一种方法。它只从单个频率上获得的复阻抗的虚部的测量确定充电状态。但是,所有三种方法合理地限定了目标。实际上,在复导抗的完整频谱中获得的信息比Muramatsu、Randin、Bounaga获得的信息多。
在涉及到电池的电特性、化学特性、物理特性的复导抗范围内,等效电路表示法可以提供一些帮助。一种复杂的非线性最小二乘曲线拟合法已经由电化学家用到有关的阻抗频谱到非线性电化学模型中。(例如,见“估算体积、反映率和散射参数的阻抗波谱学的精度”,电分析化学杂志,307,pp 1-11,1991;“用与阻抗/导纳数据分析的数据包”,固态离子,18,pp 136-140,1986)。但是,这些复杂的方法需要测量单元/电池阻抗的完整频谱分布,然后,开始估算模型的参数,以保证最后的收敛。
等效电路模型是一种表示电池的终端特性的互连的引入电元件。在线性小信号模型中,这些元件包括分立的电阻、电容和电感。这些模型已经由许多专家描述过,包括Hampson等(“电存储元件的阻抗”,应用电化学杂志,10,pp 3-11,1980)、Willihnganz和Rohner(“电池阻抗”,电器工程,78,No.9,pp 922-925,1959年9月)、Debardelaben(“确定电池寿命的终结”,INTELIEC 86,IEEE CH2328-3/86/0000-0365,pp365-385,1986,“电池阻抗的考虑“,INTELIEC 88,IEEE CH2653-4/88/000-0394,pp 394-397,1988)。但是,这些专家没有公开从选择的几个“点”频上获得少数测量值确定等效电路模型的分量值的装置。这就是公开在此的本发明的重要贡献。
发明简述
一个装置包括微处理器或微控制器,并在n个离散频率上测量单元或电池的复导抗的实部和虚部,其中,n是等于或大于2的整数。通过估算包括2n个频率独立线性电元件的等效电路模型的分量,装置确定单元/电池特性。在n个离散频率的每一个频率上,使测量的复导抗的实部和虚部与理论上适合于该模型的实部和虚部相等,在未知的2n中确定了一组2n个非线性方程。通过引入2n个中间变量,这个艰难的问题变为线性问题,并从系统上解决了模型的分量值。一旦知道这些值,2n个元件值的表格实际上包括与频率范围上显示的复导抗的连续频谱一样的信息。但是,数值的表格提供的这个信息是以非常简明的形式,该数值可以容易地存储、分析和使用。因此,电路元件值本身包括要求的结果。此外,电路元件代表发生在电池中的实际过程。因此,可以调用一个或多个元件和单元/电池的附加电特性、化学特性、物理特性之间的预定关系,以确定附加的特性。
在此公开的方法和装置是有效的、精确的和容易地用微控制器或微处理器实施。本发明适用于电动交通工具中从手持电池检测器到“智能”电池充电和电池“燃料计量”的诊断应用范围的变化。尽管使用铅-酸汽车存储电池作为例子来说明本发明的方法,本发明也适用于一次和二次单元和电池,适用于其它应用的方法和其它化学系统。
附图简述
图1a是测量的实际12V汽车存储电池导纳的实部频谱图。
图1b是测量的实际12V汽车存储电池导纳的虚部频谱图。
图2显示了包括2n个频率独立线性元件的单元或电池小信号ac等效电路图。
图3是图2中n=2的等效电路模型。
图4a是图1a的实验数据与图3a模型计算的理论曲线的比较图。
图4b是图1b的实验数据与图3模型计算的理论曲线的比较图。
图5是图2中n=3的等效电路模型。
图6a是图1a的实验数据与图5模型计算的理论曲线的比较图。
图6b是图1b的实验数据与图5模型计算的理论曲线的比较图。
图7是从本发明的点-频复导抗确定电池特性的装置方框图。
图8是图7公开的本发明实施例控制算法的流程图。
优选实施例的详细描述
单元或电池的阻抗是一个复量。在特殊的离散或“点”频fk上,复阻抗可以写成实部和虚部
Z(fk)=R(fk)+JX(fk) (1)
单元或电池的导纳同样是一个复量。在特殊的离散或“点”频fk上,复导纳可以写成
Y(fk)=G(fk)+JB(fk) (2)
实部量G(fk)和B(fk)分别是在频率fk上的单元/电池的电导和电纳。它们物理上分别在频率fk上代表同相电流幅度与电压幅度之比和正交电流幅度与电压幅度之比。
复导纳和复阻抗相互之间成倒数关系
Y(fk)=1/Z(fk) (3)
因此,复导纳的频谱和复阻抗的频谱包含有关单元/电池的准确的相同信息。术语“导抗”在此表示量,其中,选择是不重要的。
测量的典型汽车存储电池的复导纳的实部和虚部频谱分别公开在图1a和图1b中,频率范围从5Hz到1000Hz。有关电池的大量信息表示在这个频谱图表中。例如,从图1b看到,电池接近250Hz串联谐振,低于这个频率是容性的(B>0),高于这个频率是感性的(B<0)。但是,显示在图1a和图1b中的大多数电池信息是很精细的,从图表中不是很明显。
图2公开了一种小信号ac等效电路模型,以帮助把图1a和图1b显示的复导抗的频谱图表简化到一小组频率独立参数。可以看出,图2的模型包括串联的两元件串联R-L子电路,和n-1两元件并联R-C子电路。因为n=2,这个等效电路模型简化到Willihnganz和Rohner及Debardelaben讨论的简单模型。
下面完全公开从点-频复导抗的测量值确定电路模型元件值的方法。图2模型的复阻抗的表达式为: 其中,ω=2πf是角频。这个表达式排除了电感和电容,但把它们写成时间常数:
τ1=L1/R1
τ2=R2C2
(5)
τn=RnCn结果是: 把方程(6)的两端乘以(1+jωτ2)…(1+jωτn)的乘积,消去分数,形成公式:(R+jX)(1+jωτ2)…(1+jωτn)=R1(1+jωτ1)…(1+jωτn)+
R2(1+jωτ3)…(1+jωτn)+…+Rn(1+jωτ2)…(1+jωτn-1)·(7)因为n=3,方程(7)简化为:
(R+jX)(1+jωτ2)(1+jωτ3)=R1(1+jωτ1)(1+jωτ2)(1+jωτ3)
+R2(1+jωτ3)+R3(1+jωτ2)·(8)通过相乘各个项,方程(7)被分成为两个方程,既,把它们分成实部和虚部,然后,使实部与实部相等,虚部与虚部相等。因为n=3,这个过程导致
实部:
(ω2R)(τ2τ3)+(ωX)(τ2+τ3)-ω2{R1(τ2τ3+τ3τ1+τ1τ2)}
+(R1+R2+R3)=R (9)虚部:
(ω2X)(τ2τ3)-(ωR)(τ2+τ3)+ω{R1(τ1+τ2+τ3)+R2τ3+R3τ2}
-ω3{R1(τ1τ2τ3)}=X (10)
方程(9)和(10)是非线性的,因为2n个未知的电阻和时间常数呈现为乘积的组合。通过确定一组新的2n各中间变量解决这个困难的问题。这些新变量是电池电阻、电池电抗和频率的相乘函数的模型电阻和时间常数的各种组合。因为n=3,由下式确定六个中间变量:
Ψ1≡(τ2+τ3) (11a)
Ψ2≡(τ2τ3) (11b)
Ψ3≡(R1+R2+R3) (11c)
Ψ4≡(τ1+τ2+τ3)R1+τ3R2+τ2R3 (11d)
Ψ5≡(τ2τ3+τ3τ1+τ1τ2)R1 (11e)
Ψ6≡(τ1τ2τ3)R1 (11f)
当按照这些新变量表达时,方程(9)和(10)是线性的。在角点频ωk上,这两个方程是:
一般说来,像(12)和(13)的方程包括一对用于2n个中间变量Ψ1、...、Ψ2n的线性非齐次方程。即使是线性的,这样的方程仍然是不可解的,因为在变量之间没有包括足够的关系数。但是,通过在n个离散频率ω1....ωn估算复阻抗,两个方程可以在未知的2n中展开成为可解的2n个线性非齐次方程组。这样的系统可由众所周知的方法(Cramer规则)解决。Cramer规则表达了2n个解决方案Ψ1、...、Ψ2n。作为2n个列和2n个行的行列式的比。因为n=3,这六个解决方案的形式是:
Ψ1=A1/AD;……;Ψ6=A6/AD (14)
方程(15)-(21)公开的行列式可以系统地由众所周知的数字展开技术从点频导抗测量求出数值。一旦求出它们的数值,中间变量Ψ1、…、Ψ6是从方程(14)得出的。然后,中间变量的确定方程(11a)-(11f)以特殊的方式组合,以便求出等效电路模型的元件值。
按如下步骤进行。首先,组合组合2n中间变量的n-1的确定方程,以产生一个n-1个电容时间常数τ2,....,τn的方程。这些n-1个方程由不包括电阻来确定。例如,n=3,组合方程(11a)和方程(11b),获得下面的二次方程: 方程(22)的两个根由众所周知的二次公式给出 对于任意n的情况,组合不包括阻抗的确定方程的n-1导致下面n-1次的多项式:
τ(n-1)-Ψ1τ(n-2)+……±Ψn-1=0. (24)
方程(24)的n-1个根是电容时间常数τ2,....,τn。尽管类似于方程(23)的公式不能解较高次的多项式方程,使用众所周知的数字根发现算法总是可以解出方程(24)的根。
一旦确定了电容时间常数,从两个确定的方程中消去R1求出电感时间常数τ1,中间变量是与R1成比例的。例如,n=3,组合方程(11e)和(11f)得到:
τ1={(Ψ5/Ψ6)-1/τ2-1/τ3}-1. (25)对于任意n的情况,以下式表达、:
τ1={(Ψ(2n-1)/Ψ2n)-1/τ2-……-1/τn}-1. (26)
因此,原理上,所有n个时间常数是已知的。
一般说来,存在2n个确定2n个中间变量的方程。第一个n-1个方程不包括阻抗,并被用来确定电容时间常数。剩余的两个n+1个方程被用来确定电感时间常数。通过选择两个方程之一,连同所有剩余的n-1个未用方程,在n个未知R1,...,Rn中获得了一组n个线性非齐次方程。然后,调用Cramer规则为n个阻抗的值解决这个系统。例如,n=3,使用方程(16c)、(16d)、(16f)获得三个未知的线性方程组:
{1}R1 +{1}R2 +{1}R3=Ψ3
{τ1+τ2+τ3}R1 +{τ3}R2 +{τ2}R3=Ψ4 (27)
最后,转化方程(5),从n个已知时间常数和n个已知电阻值,确定单个电感值和n-1个电容值。
L1=τ1R1 (31a)
C2=τ2/R2 (31b)
Cn=τn/Rn (31c)
现在已经完整公开了为确定2n个元件值的方法。尽管在原理上n是无限制的,展开大行列式的问题将限制n的范围在2≤n≤8。概括地说,步骤包括:
1.首先,通过求出2n列和2n行的行列式的2n个比的值找出2n个中间变量。行列式包括在n点频率上把n点频率与阻抗或导纳的实部和虚部组合的乘积的和和差。
2.找到n-1个电容时间常数作为n-1次的多项式方程的根。多项式的系数包括2n个中间变量的n-1个,该确定方程不包括电阻。
3.电感时间常数从步骤2找到电容时间常数的方程连同与R1成比例的两个中间变量的比确定。
4.N个电阻由计算行列式(n×n)的n个比例值确定。这些行列时的元件包括在步骤2和3找到的n个时间常数和连同在步骤2中未采用的剩余n+1个中间变量的n个变量。
5.最后,一个电感和n-1个电容由组合n个电阻的每一个与对应的时间常数求出数值。
实际中,这个过程很容易在软件中实现。
上面公开的严格过程可以通过选择一个足够高的点频ωn来简化,R-C子电路的串联阻抗在这个频率上是可以忽略不记的小。然后,Z(ωn)的初步测量直接给出近似R1和L1的近似值。在每一个n-1个剩余点频上,从总测量的阻抗Z(ωk)中减去R1+jωkL1,并在每一个频率上等于R-C子电路理论阻抗的这个结果在2n-2个未知中导致了2n-2个方程的系统。由Cramer规则解决适当的2n-2个中间变量包括求出行列式的值,该行列式比上述公开的严格过程计算的行列式值在数量上较少,尺寸上较小。
图3公开了一种n=2的有图2给出的等效电路模型。这个简单的模型基本上是前面引述的现有技术中由Willihnganz和Rohner及Debardelaben讨论的模型。通过使用上述的严格过程,在两个点频f1=5Hz和f2=1000Hz上,从图1a和1b公开的实验数据,计算了图3模型的四个线性电路元件的值。这个计算过程的结果显示在表1中。
表1.n=2的模型元件值
R1=4.388mΩ R2=12.987mΩ
L1=0.3885μH C2=2.602F
对于图3的模型,通过假设显示在表1中的元件值,计算作为频率函数的导纳的实部和虚部的理论曲线。理论曲线连同测量的曲线形成图表在图4a和4b中进行比较。可以看出,试验和理论曲线精确地重合在预期的两个点频上。但是,远离点频,所看到的重合是很差的。这个表明图3的模型没有适当地代表这个频率范围的电池。
在图5所示的n=3的模型中获得了非常好的重合。使用上述的严格过程,在三个点频f1=5Hz、f2=70Hz、f3=1000Hz上,从图1a和1b公开的实验数据,计算了图5模型的六个线性电路元件的值。结果显示在表1中。
表1.n=3的模型元件值
R1=4.381mΩ R2=1.227mΩ R23=13.257mΩ
L1=0.441μH C2=1.812F C3=3.14F
对于图5的模型,通过假设显示在表2中的元件值,计算作为频率函数的导纳的实部和虚部的理论曲线。理论曲线连同测量的曲线形成图表在图6a和6b中进行比较。再一次可以看出,试验和理论曲线精确地重合在点频上。但是,远离这些频率,所看到的重合也是很好的。这样好的重合证明图5的模型非常好的代表了从5Hz到1000Hz频率范围的电池。因此,n=3模型比n=2模型更接近描述的在电池中的实际过程。
模型的试验曲线和理论预测之间的非常好的重合意味着表2实际上包含显示在与图1a和1b中的复导纳的连续频谱一样的关于电池的相同信息。但是,表2以非常简明的形式提供的这个信息是非常容易地存储、分析和处理。因此,显示在表2中的信息本身就包括要求的结果。
此外,因为在给定的模型中确定的电路元件非常接近发生在电池中所描述的实际情况,如果需要的话,可以附加地调用预定的关系,以实现确定一个或多个附加电池特性的最后步骤。例如,已经发现,电池的冷-启动安培(CCA)电容是相当准确地由下式给出:
CCA=2662/R1 (32)
其中,R1以毫欧表示。因此,公开在图1a和1b中的复导纳频谱的电池能够供给608冷-启动安培。这个重要的信息从图1a和1b的频谱图表中不明显的。其它的电特性(例如,充电状态和安培小时电容量;化学特性,例如,离子浓度和平板合成物;物理特性,例如,电池温度和有效的平板面积)在电池的复导纳频谱中找到类似的表达,并可用比较的方式确定。
图7公开了本发明从点频复导抗中确定单元/电池特性的装置的方框图。测量电路10通过电流触点A和B和电压检测触点C和D电连接到单元/电池20。测量电路10通过触点A和B传输周期的时间变化电流I(t),并检测触点C和D两端周期的时间变化电压v(t)。通过适当的处理和组合I(t)和v(t),测量电路10在测量频率fk确定复导抗的实部和虚部;其中,fk是波形I(t)和v(t)的离散频率分量。
控制电路通过导线40连接到测量电路10,并指令测量电路10在n个离散测量频率的每一个频率上确定单元/电池20的复导抗,其中,n是等于或大于2的整数。这个动作确定了3n个试验量:在n个测量频率上n个测量频率的值、复导抗的n个虚部的值和n个实部的值。
计算电路50通过数据线60和70分别连接到测量电路10和控制电路30,并从测量电路10接收2n个试验值和从控制电路30接收n个测量频率的值。根据从通过指令线80的控制电路50的“开始计算”的指令,计算电路50调用上述公开的程序数字上组合3n个量,以求出等效电路模型的2n个元件的值。这些2n个元件值本身包括要求的结果。但是,如果需要,通过把一个或多个模型元件值与附加单元/电池特性相关,计算电路50也可以执行附加步骤确定附加特性。
在实际中,运行适当软件的微处理器或微控制器可以执行控制电路30和计算电路50的功能,以及多种测量电路10的功能。控制阻抗测量装置的微处理器公开在正在审查的美国专利申请中。
图8公开了图7实施例的控制算法的流程图。在输入程序100,控制电路30在步骤105初始化计数器,以识别每一个点频fk。在步骤110,控制电路30指令测量电路10在频率fk用具有正弦分量的周期信号激励单元/电池,并在这个频率上确定复导抗的实部和虚部。在决定方框115,控制电路30确定这个程序是否已经在所有要求的点频上完成。如果回答是“否”,计数器在步骤120增加,并且,程序在新的频率上重复运行。如果回答是“是”,控制电路30指令计算电路50在步骤125开始计算。计算电路50在步骤130开始,在n点频率上连同n点频率值本身从复导抗的实部和虚部的值确定2n个中间变量。然后,在步骤135,2n个频率-独立模型元件从2n个中间变量值中求出。最后,如果需要,在选择的步骤140,计算电路50能够调用一个或多个模型元件和要求的单元/电池特性之间的预定关系确定要求的特性。
现在,已完全公开了本发明。本发明的方法和装置使用微控制器或微处理器实施是有效、准确和容易的。本发明是相当全面的,并适合于大范围诊断电动交通工具的电池,从手持电池测试仪到“智能”电池充电器和电池“燃料表”。尽管使用铅-酸电池作为例子说明本发明的方法,本发明也适用于一次和二次单元和电池,以及在变化的应用中使用的单元/电池或其它化学系统中使用的单元/电池。
本发明已经参考优选实施例进行了描述,但是,本领域的技术人员在没有脱离本发明的精神和范围内可以对本发明的形式和细节进行修改。
Claims (21)
1.一种从复阻抗/导纳中确定电池特性的装置,至少确定2n个元件的一个元件的值,包括电化学单元或电池的等效电路模型,其中,n是等于或大于2的整数,所述的装置包括:
测量电路,适合于连接到所述单元或电池,并把周期性电流通过所述的单元或电池,并测量所述单元或电池两端的周期电压,在包括所述周期电流和周期电压的分量频率的测量频率上确定所述单元或电池的复导抗的实部和虚部;
控制电路,连接到所述测量电路,并指令所述的测量电路选择n个测量频率的每一个频率,因此,确定了n个所述的实部、n个所述的虚部和n个所述的测量频率;以及
计算电路,连接到所述的测量电路和控制电路,并在数字上组合所述n个实部、n个虚部和n个测量频率的值,以确定包括所述的电化学单元或电池的等效电路的至少2n个元件的一个元件的值。
2.按权利要求1所述的装置,其特征在于n等于3。
3.按权利要求1所述的装置,其特征在于所述的控制电路和计算电路包括运行软件程序的微处理器或微控制器,选择所述n个测量频率的每一个频率,并在数字上组合所述n个实部、n个虚部和n个测量频率的值,以确定包括所述的电化学单元或电池的等效电路的至少2n个元件的一个元件的值。
4.按权利要求3所述的装置,其特征在于所述的软件程序还适合于在数字上组合所述n个实部、n个虚部和n个测量频率的值,以求出2n个中间变量,至少所述的2n个元件的一个元件值从所述的2n个中间变量的值中确定。
5.一种确定电化学单元或电池的电特性、化学特性或物理特性的装置,包括:
测量电路,适合于连接到所述单元或电池,并把周期性电流通过所述的单元或电池,并测量所述单元或电池两端的周期电压,在包括所述周期电流和周期电压的分量频率的测量频率上确定所述单元或电池的复导抗的实部和虚部;
控制电路,连接到所述测量电路,并指令所述的测量电路选择n个测量频率的每一个频率,因此,确定了n个所述的实部、n个所述的虚部和n个所述的测量频率,其中,n是等于或大于2的整数;以及
计算电路,连接到所述的测量电路和控制电路,并在数字上组合所述n个实部、n个虚部和n个测量频率的值,以确定所述电化学单元或电池的电特性、化学特性或物理特性。
6.按权利要求5所述的装置,其特征在于n等于3。
7.按权利要求5所述的装置,其特征在于所述的控制电路和计算电路包括运行软件程序的微处理器或微控制器,选择所述n个测量频率的每一个频率,并在数字上组合所述n个实部、n个虚部和n个测量频率的值,以确定所述电化学单元或电池的电特性、化学特性或物理特性。
8.按权利要求7所述的装置,其特征在于所述的软件程序还适合于在数字上组合所述n个实部、n个虚部和n个测量频率的值,以求出2n个中间变量,所述的电化学单元或电池的电特性、化学特性或物理特性从所述的2n个中间变量的值中确定。
9.按权利要求8所述的装置,其特征在于所述的软件程序还适合于在数字上组合所述的2n个中间变量,以求出电路模型元件,所述的电化学单元或电池的电特性、化学特性或物理特性从所述的电路模型元件的值中确定。
10.一种从复阻抗/导纳中确定电池特性的方法,用于确定电化学单元或电池的电特性、化学特性或物理特性,包括步骤:
在n个离散频率上测量所述电化学单元或电池的复导抗的实部和虚部,其中,n是等于或大于2的整数;
在所述的n个离散频率上,数字上把所述的n个离散频率的值和在所述n个离散变量的所述复导抗的实部和虚部的值组合在一起求出2n个中间变量的值;
通过数字上组合所述的2n个中间变量的n-1的值求出n-1个电容的时间常数;
通过数字上组合所述n-1个电容的时间常数和所述2n个中间变量的两个值只求出电感时间常数;
通过数字上组合所述n-1个电容的时间常数的值、电感时间常数的值和所述2n个中间变量的n个值求出n个电阻的元件;
通过数字上把所述n个电阻的元件的每一个值与所述n-1个电容时间常数和所述的电感的时间常数之一组合在一起求出n个感抗性的元件;
把一个或多个所述的电阻的元件和所述的感抗型元件的值与所述的电化学单元或电池的电特性、化学特性或物理特性关联在一起。
11.按权利要求10所述的方法,其特征在于n等于3。
12.一种确定电化学单元或电池的等效电路模型元件值的方法,所述的模型包括单个双元件串联R-L子电路和n-1个双元件并联R-C子电路的串联连接,其中,n等于或大于2,所述的方法包括步骤:
在n个离散频率上测量所述电化学单元或电池的复导抗的实部和虚部;
在所述的n个离散频率上,数字上把所述的n个离散频率的值和所述复导抗的实部和虚部的值组合在一起求出2n个中间变量的值;
通过数字上组合所述的2n个中间变量的n-1的值求出n-1个电容的时间常数;
通过数字上组合所述n-1个电容的时间常数和所述2n个中间变量的两个值求出电感时间常数;
通过数字上组合所述n-1个电容的时间常数的值、电感时间常数的值和所述2n个中间变量的n个值求出所述单个R-L子电路的电阻和所述n-1个R-C子电路的n-1个电阻;
为每一个所述的子电路,用有关相同的子电路的对应时间常数,数字上组合一个电阻值,求出所述的R-L子电路的电感和所述n-1个R-C子电路的n-1个电容。
13.按权利要求12所述的方法,其特征在于n等于3。
14.一种确定电化学单元或电池的等效电路模型元件值的方法,所述的模型包括单个双元件串联R-C子电路和n-1个双元件并联R-C子电路的串联连接,其中,n是等于或大于2的整数,所述的方法包括步骤:
在n个离散频率上测量所述电化学单元或电池的复导抗的实部和虚部,其中,所述的n个离散频率之一是高频;
在所述的高频上,数字上把所述的高频的值和所述复导抗的实部和虚部的值组合在一起求出所述的R-L子电路的电阻和电感;
通过数字上把述电阻、电感和剩余频率的值与在每一个所述剩余频率上的复导抗的值组合在一起,在n-1个剩余频率的每一个频率上求出差阻抗;
在所述的n-1个剩余频率上,通过数字上组合所述n-1个剩余频率的值和所述差阻抗的实部和虚部的值,求出2n-2个中间变量;
通过数字上组合所述2n-2个中间变量的n-1个值求出所述n-1个R-C子电路的n-1个电容的时间常数;
通过数字上组合所述n-1个电容时间常数和所述的2n-2个中间变量的n-1个值求出所述n-1个R-C子电路的n-1个电阻;
通过数字上把所述子电路的每一个电阻值与对应的相同子电路的电容时间常数值组合在一起求出所述的n-1个R-C子电路的n-1个电容。
15.按权利要求14所述的方法,其特征在于n等于3。
16.一种确定电化学单元或电池的电特性、化学特性或物理特性的方法,包括步骤:
在n个离散频率上测量所述电化学单元或电池的复导抗的实部和虚部,其中,n是等于或大于2的整数,所述的n个离散频率之一是高频;
在所述的高频上,数字上把所述的高频的值和所述复导抗的实部和虚部的值组合在一起求出第一电阻和第一电感;
在所述的n-1个剩余频率上,通过数字上组合所述n-1个剩余频率的值和所述差阻抗的实部和虚部的值,求出2n-2个中间变量;
通过数字上组合所述2n-2个中间变量的n-1个值求出n-1个时间常数;
通过数字上组合所述n-1个时间常数值和所述的2n-2个中间变量的n-1个值求出n-1个第二个电阻;
通过数字上把所述n-1个第二电阻的每一个电阻值与对应的n-1个时间常数的每一个值组合在一起求出n-1个电容;以及
把一个或多个所述的第一电阻、n-1个第二电阻、电感、n-1个电容的值关联到所述的电化学单元或电池的电特性、化学特性或物理特性。
17.按权利要求16所述的方法,其特征在于n等于3。
18.一种确定电化学单元或电池的电特性、化学特性和物理特性的装置,其特征在于执行权利要求10方法的步骤。
19.一种确定电化学单元或电池的电特性、化学特性和物理特性的装置,所述的模型包括单个双元件串联R-L子电路和n-1个双元件并联R-C子电路的串联连接,其中,n是等于或大于2的整数,所述的装置执行步骤:
在n个离散频率上测量所述电化学单元或电池的复导抗的实部和虚部;
在所述的n个离散频率上,数字上组合所述的n个离散频率的值和所述复导抗的实部和虚部的值求出2n个中间变量;
通过数字上组合所述2n-2个中间变量的n-1个值求出n-1个电容时间常数;
通过数字上组合所述n-1电容时间常数的值和所述2n个中间变量的两个值求出电感时间常数;
通过数字上把所述n-1个电容时间常数的值、电感时间常数的值和所述2n个中间变量的值组合在一起,求出所述的单个R-L子电路的电阻和n-1个R-C子电路的n-1个电阻;以及
通过数字上把每一个所述数字电路的电阻值与相同子电路相关的对应时间常数值组合在一起求出所述的R-L子电路的电感和所述n-1个R-C的n-1个电容。
20.一种确定电化学单元或电池的等效电路模型元件值的装置,所述的模型包括单个双元件串联R-L子电路和n-1个双元件并联R-C子电路的串联连接,其中,n等于或大于2,所述的装置执行步骤:
在n个离散频率上测量所述电化学单元或电池的复导抗的实部和虚部,其中,所述的n个离散频率的一个频率是高频;
在所述的高频上,数字上把所述的高频值和所述复导抗的实部和虚部的值组合在一起求出所述的R-L子电路的电阻和电感;
数字上把所述电阻值、电感值和剩余频率值与在每一个剩余频率上的复导抗的值组合在一起求出n-1个剩余频率的每一个频率的差阻抗;
在所述的n-1个剩余频率上,通过数字上组合所述的n-1个剩余频率值和所述差阻抗的实部和虚部值求出2n-2个中间变量;
通过数字上组合所述2n-2个中间变量的n-1的值求出所述n-1个R-C子电路的n-1个电容时间常数;
通过数字上组合所述n-1个电容的时间常数值和所述2n-2个中间变量的n-1个的值求出所述n-1个R-C子电路的n-1个电阻;
通过数字上把每一个所述的子电路的电阻值和相同子电路的对应电容时间常数组合在一起求出所述的n-1个R-C子电路的n-1个电容。
21.一种确定电化学单元或电池的电特性、化学特性或物理特性的装置,执行步骤:
在n个离散频率上测量所述电化学单元或电池的复导抗的实部和虚部,其中,n是等于或大于2的整数,所述的n个离散频率之一是高频;
在所述的高频上,数字上把所述的高频的值和所述复导抗的实部和虚部的值组合在一起求出第一电阻和第一电感;
通过数字上把所述第一电阻、所述第一电感和所述剩余频率与所述n-1个剩余频率的每一个频率上所述复导抗的值组合在一起求出n-1个剩余频率的每一个频率的差阻抗;
通过数字上组合所述n-1个剩余频率的值和在所述n-1个剩余频率上的差阻抗的实部和虚部值求出2n-2个中间变量;
通过数字上组合所述2n-2个中间变量的n-1个值求出n-1个时间常数;
通过数字上组合所述n-1个时间常数的值和所述2n-2个中间变量值求出n-1个第二电阻;
数字上把所述的n-1个第二电阻的值与所述n-1个时间常数的一个值组合在一起求出n-1个电容;
把一个或多个所述的第一电阻、n-1个第二电阻、电感、n-1个电容的值关联到所述的电化学单元或电池的电特性、化学特性或物理特性。
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US09/151,324 US6037777A (en) | 1998-09-11 | 1998-09-11 | Method and apparatus for determining battery properties from complex impedance/admittance |
US09/151,324 | 1998-09-11 |
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- 1999-09-10 CN CNB998118885A patent/CN1225649C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-09-10 JP JP2000570569A patent/JP2002525793A/ja active Pending
- 1999-09-10 WO PCT/US1999/020838 patent/WO2000016083A1/en active Application Filing
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- 1999-09-10 AU AU58211/99A patent/AU5821199A/en not_active Abandoned
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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WO2000016083A1 (en) | 2000-03-23 |
EP1129343A4 (en) | 2005-02-02 |
US6037777A (en) | 2000-03-14 |
AU5821199A (en) | 2000-04-03 |
EP1129343B1 (en) | 2008-06-11 |
EP1129343A1 (en) | 2001-09-05 |
DE69938900D1 (de) | 2008-07-24 |
US6222369B1 (en) | 2001-04-24 |
JP2002525793A (ja) | 2002-08-13 |
HK1040430B (zh) | 2008-09-05 |
CN1225649C (zh) | 2005-11-02 |
HK1040430A1 (en) | 2002-06-07 |
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