CN1320060A - 浓集所选微生物群的方法和装置 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明描述了从微生物混合物中浓集目标微生物的方法和装置。由诸如尼龙、聚苯乙烯或玻璃等材料制成的珠粒(1)包被了针对特定微生物的抗体。珠粒(1)容纳在栅格材料(4)围成的围栏(2)中。栅格的孔径小于珠粒体积以确保珠粒留在栅格材料内,并且大于微生物的体积以使微生物与珠粒相互作用。棒(5)与围栏(2)的上部相连,以便能在含有目标微生物的生长培养基中搅动该装置。
Description
背景-发明领域
本申请基于1998年8月24日提交的临时专利申请No.60/097,627。
本发明涉及用来检测样品中微生物的产品和方法。更具体地说,本发明提供了有助于检测食物样品、临床样品和其它产品中特定的微生物污染是否存在的方法和装置。
背景-现有技术
测试各种物质(如食物、饮料、药物、化妆品、水以及体液)中微生物污染,尤其是某些病原性细菌的污染,是非常有必要的。最近爆发的食物引起的疾病暗示各种食物已经被诸如大肠杆菌0157:H7、沙门氏菌属、李斯特氏菌属、空肠弯曲杆菌空肠亚种和圆孢子(Cyclospora)等病原性细菌污染,因此增强了对迅速分析微生物方法的需求。微生物分析对于评价安全性和质量、确定生产效率和与遵守规章条例是关键的。
微生物测试范围、意义和需求的增加起了揭示常规方法有限性和缺点的作用。确定样品中病原性细菌存在的经典方法通常要花数天时间来进行。希望能迅速检测出引起疾病的具体病原菌。
由于大多数病原菌试验所需的灵敏度低于每25克产品一个微生物,因此大多数测试方法依赖于首先的富集步骤。通常大量存在于许多食物中的固有的微生物菌丛通常会干扰病原菌的选择性分离和鉴定。诸如加热、冷却、干燥、冷冻、加入防腐剂等食物加工以及其它原因可能会亚致死性地损伤细菌细胞。这些受损的细胞对用于选择性微生物培养基中的组分极其敏感。因此,在许多试验中,方法从预富集开始,将样品培育在营养性非选择性培养基中,以使受损或受应激的细菌复苏。该步骤后是选择性富集步骤,使感兴趣的细菌生长而抑制固有的微生物菌丛。富集步骤后是常规的接种方法或各种更先进、迅速的方法如DNA扩增或免疫试验。
因此希望在早期阶段将目标生物体从产品中其它菌群分离出来。一种方法是用免疫-磁性分离技术,该技术涉及采用对目标微生物有特异性的免疫磁性颗粒。将表面附有抗体的磁性珠粒与含有目标微生物的样品混合。该微生物将通过抗体与珠粒表面结合。用磁铁从溶液中吸出微生物-磁珠复合物,以浓集微生物。
美国专利4,230,685描述了外表面结合有蛋白A的磁性反应性的微球。微球与对细胞、细菌或病毒有选择性的抗体反应,以便将其从混合群体中分离出来。微生物将附着于抗体,从而与微球相连,然后将微球用于磁性分离步骤中。较佳的微球由白蛋白、蛋白A和磁性颗粒的混合物制得。制备微球,使蛋白A在抗体结合的外表面上。美国专利4,695,393描述了一种制备这种可用来分离微生物的磁性珠粒的方法。
美国专利5,491,068和5,695,946描述了一种方法,该方法的特征是利用专门的磁性珠粒来抗体捕获感兴趣的微生物。该方法需要将捕获细胞培育形成菌落;用菌落提升膜取出菌落中的物质;和用标记的抗体、PCR或核酸探针检测膜片上的菌落物质。该方法的主要问题是灵敏度低,只能测出1个微生物/克。该低灵敏度是该方法所固有的,它比检测大多数食物病原体所需的灵敏度低50-100倍。
美国专利4,677,055描述了一种采用与抗特异性抗原决定簇抗体偶联的磁性凝胶来浓集细菌的方法。该方法涉及获得含有具有特异性抗原决定簇的微生物的培养基以及使培养基与磁性凝胶颗粒接触的步骤。该步骤后是用磁性方式分离培养基中的凝胶,并接种到新的培养基中。
总之,磁性珠粒存在很多问题。一个问题是由这些珠粒的小体积(3-10微米)和培养基的大体积(25-3000)毫升)引起的。结果,不可能从如此大的体积中取出磁性珠粒。因此,许多步骤或是使用较少体积的样品(从而降低了试验的灵敏度),或在取出1-5毫升溶液后预富集一段时间(8-18小时)以便浓集目标微生物。与磁性珠粒有关的另一个问题是,它们被脂肪和蛋白质包覆,因此难以用磁铁来收集。从培养基中分离出珠粒并洗去未吸附的细菌要使用大量劳力,并且产生实验室表面和珠粒受污染的危害。
目的和优点
因此,本发明的目的是提供一种可使用大体积培养基浓集目标微生物的方法和装置。本发明的另一目的是提供耗劳力较少的、更迅速的且本身能自动化的方法。
还有其它目的和优点可在阅读了随后的说明和附图后明白。
附图简述
图1显示了用来浓集目标微生物的较佳装置的侧视图。
图2显示了用来浓集目标微生物的装置的另一种设计的侧视图。
较佳的实施方案-说明
图1显示了用来从含有微生物混合物的悬浮液中分离出目标微生物的装置的较佳实施方案。珠粒1由诸如尼龙、聚苯乙烯或玻璃等材料制成。珠粒上包被了针对诸如沙门氏菌属、大肠杆菌0157:H7和李斯特氏菌属等具体微生物的抗体。设计圆筒形围栏2来包含这些珠粒。围栏由框架3支持的覆盖该框架的栅格4构成。栅格的孔径小于珠粒体积,以确保珠粒留在围栏2中。然而,孔径大得足以使细菌自由进入围栏。围栏上部与棒5相连。棒5能使围栏2在溶液中移动以及随后将该装置取出溶液。
图2显示了该装置的不同设计。包被了抗体的珠粒11被容纳在栅格13制得的茶叶袋状的围栏12内。非灯芯材料的线14与围栏12上部相连,从而能使围栏12在溶液中移动,同时不会使线吸收含有细菌的溶液。栅格13的孔径小于珠粒体积,以确保珠粒留在围栏内。然而,该孔径大得足以使细菌自由进入围栏。
将待测试目标微生物是否存在的食物样品与合适的预先富集用的肉汤混合。将预先富集用的肉汤培育在合适的温度下。在培育期开始时,或在培育数小时后,将围栏2浸入含有样品的肉汤中,从而使其上固定了单克隆或多克隆抗体的珠粒与选择的感兴趣的细菌接触。通过将装置2降低到溶液中并搅动溶液至少30分钟至多达数小时,而实现这个目的。该步骤能使珠粒捕获细胞,并产生珠粒-目标微生物细胞的复合物。下一步骤是从含有食物颗粒和其它混合菌群的悬浮液中分离出结合有目标细胞的珠粒。这可通过用棒5从溶液中抽出整个装置来实现。随后在无菌盐水或缓冲溶液中洗涤该装置数次。每次洗涤后更换洗液,以除去未结合的微生物。在培育肉汤混合液中加入诸如吐温20(0.51-0.1%w/v)或鱼精蛋白等洗涤剂通常会减少非特异性吸附。吐温-20还可用于洗涤步骤中,用来除去非特异性结合的细胞。在洗涤步骤后,可用许多方法来检测目标微生物的存在。
一些检测程序可和本发明结合使用,以检测感兴趣微生物的存在。例如,可将该装置插入新的生长肉汤中,该肉汤含有染料指示剂,可用染料特征的变化来确定目标微生物的存在与否。无需将微生物从珠粒上分离下来,因为附着于珠粒对其生长没有影响。因此,细胞能继续在合适的培养基中增殖。或者,可从围栏中取出珠粒,接种到合适的选择性或差异性琼脂表面上。另一种方法是用免疫试验。大多数免疫试验要求每毫升有103-105个细胞,因此珠粒应当含有足量的细胞来进行直接免疫试验。类似地,该方法可以和DNA杂交以及诸如PCR等扩增技术组合。
从上文公开的内容看出,本发明方法的特征在于使用容纳在围栏中的免疫珠粒来从样品中选出目标微生物。该珠粒必需能从测试样品中有效地捕获目标微生物,同时不会捕获可能以多得多的数量存在的其它微生物。然而,所用的抗体无需对目标微生物具有完全的特异性,因为在试验最后还可进行额外的选择步骤。抗体结合部位的取向必须朝外,以使抗体的结合部分与目标微生物之间接触。珠粒大小必须大于微生物的体积,以便将珠粒留在围栏内,同时使目标微生物进入围栏附着于珠粒。珠粒与目标微生物之间的接触时间必须足够长,以便发生强的相互作用。发现数小时的相互作用才能产生最佳的结果,即产生强相互作用,获得高捕获效率。培育步骤完成后,通过取出装有珠粒的围栏,可从溶液中取出珠粒。洗涤围栏和珠粒数次,并将珠粒转移到检测系统中。
结论、分支和范围
因此,可以看出该新的装置和方法可以利用大体积的培养基来浓集目标微生物,无需仅用磁性珠粒所需的一部分预先富集用的肉汤或是少量富集肉汤。本发明提供了劳动强度低、更快速且本身能自动化的方法和装置。在试验各步骤期间用于容纳珠粒的许多不同的设计均可利用。
显然,在参看了上述技术后能对本发明作许多改进和变化。虽然上文的描述包含了许多具体特征,但是它们不应被理解成对本发明范围的限制,它们只是为本发明的一些较佳实施方案提供了说明。本发明可以本文具体描述以外的方式来实施。
Claims (7)
1.一种从含有微生物混合群体的悬浮液中分离特定的目标微生物的装置,该装置包含:
多个包被了至少一种用来捕获目标微生物的抗体材料的珠粒;和
由包围所述珠粒的栅格材料制成的围栏,栅格的孔径小于所述珠粒的体积并大于微生物的体积。
2.根据权利要求1所述的装置,其中所述珠粒用树脂材料制成。
3.根据权利要求1所述的装置,其中所述珠粒用非树脂材料制成。
4.根据权利要求1所述的装置,它还包含在悬浮液中搅动所述围栏的手段。
5.一种从含有微生物混合群体的悬浮液中分离目标微生物的方法,该方法包括:
将多个包被了至少一种抗体材料的珠粒浸在该悬浮液中,所述珠粒被栅格制成的围栏所截留,栅格的孔径小于所述珠粒的体积并大于微生物的体积,从而使目标微生物被所述珠粒捕获;和
在将所述围栏从悬浮液中拉出后,洗涤所述珠粒以除去未与所述珠粒结合的微生物。
6.根据权利要求5所述的方法,其中在所述洗涤中应用至少一种洗涤剂。
7.根据权利要求5所述的方法,该方法还包括在悬浮液中搅动容纳了所述珠粒的所述围栏。
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US9762798P | 1998-08-24 | 1998-08-24 | |
US60/097,627 | 1998-08-24 |
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CN (1) | CN1320060A (zh) |
AU (1) | AU773645B2 (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2342108A1 (zh) |
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WO (1) | WO2000010702A1 (zh) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN101215598B (zh) * | 2008-01-11 | 2010-11-17 | 中华人民共和国吉林出入境检验检疫局 | 免疫富集丝检测细菌的方法及免疫富集刷 |
CN102449460A (zh) * | 2009-04-03 | 2012-05-09 | 3M创新有限公司 | 微生物浓集方法和装置 |
CN110093261A (zh) * | 2019-04-28 | 2019-08-06 | 陕西科技大学 | 一种用于沉积物中厌氧菌原位分离的装置及使用方法 |
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US20060105349A1 (en) * | 2004-11-12 | 2006-05-18 | Promega Corporation | Device and method for purification of biological materials |
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US3840345A (en) * | 1972-06-23 | 1974-10-08 | Co Ind De Procedes & D Applic | Self agglomerating fluidized bed reacting apparatus |
US3970518A (en) * | 1975-07-01 | 1976-07-20 | General Electric Company | Magnetic separation of biological particles |
US4230685A (en) * | 1979-02-28 | 1980-10-28 | Northwestern University | Method of magnetic separation of cells and the like, and microspheres for use therein |
DE3617672C2 (de) * | 1986-05-26 | 2000-02-17 | Claus Heuck | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Reagenz, ein danach hergestelltes Reagenz sowie dessen Verwendung zur Bindung von Polymeren und Mikroorganismen aus wäßrigen Lösungen |
JPS635263A (ja) * | 1986-06-24 | 1988-01-11 | Yasunobu Tsukioka | 血液等の検査方法 |
NO162946C (no) * | 1987-08-21 | 1990-03-14 | Otto Soerensen | Anordning for magnetisk separasjon av celler. |
FR2624401A1 (fr) * | 1987-12-11 | 1989-06-16 | Charbonnages De France | Grille de fluidisation refroidie |
US4931401A (en) * | 1988-09-01 | 1990-06-05 | La Societe De Recherche Snc Inc. | Bioreactor |
US5175093A (en) * | 1989-11-07 | 1992-12-29 | Lehigh University | Bioactive cells immobilized in alginate beads containing voids formed with polyethylene glycol |
US5186824A (en) * | 1991-09-04 | 1993-02-16 | Large Scale Biology Corporation | System for solid phase reactions |
US5342790A (en) * | 1992-10-30 | 1994-08-30 | Becton Dickinson And Company | Apparatus for indirect fluorescent assay of blood samples |
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1999
- 1999-08-23 EP EP99941184A patent/EP1117476A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1999-08-23 WO PCT/US1999/018618 patent/WO2000010702A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1999-08-23 AU AU54886/99A patent/AU773645B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1999-08-23 CN CN 99811364 patent/CN1320060A/zh active Pending
- 1999-08-23 MX MXPA01001873A patent/MXPA01001873A/es unknown
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Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN101215598B (zh) * | 2008-01-11 | 2010-11-17 | 中华人民共和国吉林出入境检验检疫局 | 免疫富集丝检测细菌的方法及免疫富集刷 |
CN102449460A (zh) * | 2009-04-03 | 2012-05-09 | 3M创新有限公司 | 微生物浓集方法和装置 |
CN102449460B (zh) * | 2009-04-03 | 2014-11-12 | 3M创新有限公司 | 微生物浓集方法和装置 |
CN110093261A (zh) * | 2019-04-28 | 2019-08-06 | 陕西科技大学 | 一种用于沉积物中厌氧菌原位分离的装置及使用方法 |
CN110093261B (zh) * | 2019-04-28 | 2022-11-25 | 陕西科技大学 | 一种用于沉积物中厌氧菌原位分离的装置及使用方法 |
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WO2000010702A1 (en) | 2000-03-02 |
CA2342108A1 (en) | 2000-03-02 |
EP1117476A1 (en) | 2001-07-25 |
EP1117476A4 (en) | 2007-08-22 |
MXPA01001873A (es) | 2002-09-02 |
AU773645B2 (en) | 2004-05-27 |
AU5488699A (en) | 2000-03-14 |
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