CN1310231A - 用含有生长激素基因或相关基因的重组腺病毒相关病毒促进猪的快速生长及改进肉质 - Google Patents
用含有生长激素基因或相关基因的重组腺病毒相关病毒促进猪的快速生长及改进肉质 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明叙述了一种用含有猪生长激素全长cDNA或相关基因的重组腺病毒相关病毒(AAV)颗粒对小猪进行一次性体内肌肉注射为基础的促进猪快速生长的办法。这种重组AAV病毒将生长激素基因导入猪的肌肉细胞中,持续表达生长激素蛋白并分泌到体液中,从而达到促进猪快速生长的目的。
Description
本发明涉及猪的饲养,尤其涉及用腺病毒相关病毒(AAV)载体导入生长激素基因的方法促进猪的快速生长和改进肉质。
肉产品的质量对于猪饲养业十分关键,也是影响消费者选择的重要因素。消费者选择某种肉制品的欲望取决于其价格、鲜嫩程度及外观等因素,从饮食的营养和健康角度考虑,提高瘦肉与肥肉的比例变得越来越重要:同时,瘦肉/脂肪比值高对于肉类的加工也十分有利,因为可以避免繁重的剥去脂肪过程;另外,瘦肉/脂肪高比值有利于提高饲料转化效率,因为一般来说产生1公斤脂肪比产生1公斤瘦肉消耗的饲料要多4倍。然而,用天然饲料往往导致饲料/肉转化效率低下,在肌肉的表面和内部都含有高比例的脂肪。而从经营角度看,降低猪饲养成本,缩短猪出栏时间,提高猪的肉料比,降低投入/产出比例,是养猪业为获得最大收益而努力追求的目标。
用传统的杂交育种方法增加猪瘦肉/脂肪比值已进行了尝试。但是,这些方法往往费用高,周期长,且无法避免副作用,如肉质下降,动物应激的易感性增加等。
猪肉在许多国家都是重要的食用肉来源。一般地,25~30公斤重的猪断奶后转入饲养棚中进行饲养。在30~90公斤重的范围内猪的生长速度相对恒定,但饲料的消耗显著增加。当接近屠宰体重90~110公斤时猪的饲料转化效率不断下降。生长晚期(60~90公斤),肉质开始定型,增加的体重主要是脂肪。产生脂肪的能耗是产生瘦肉组织的2.4倍,因此,如果使代谢向生产瘦肉组织转化显然十分有利。
生长激素(growth hormone,GH)在控制猪正常生长中起到重要作用。虽然它对于绝大多数家养动物的生长代谢的控制机理还不十分清楚,但是人们已经知道用外源的生长激素可以增加已研究过的几乎所有种类动物的生长速度。例如,用天然的猪垂体激素或重组生长激素在一定时期给猪反复注射,可明显促进其体重的增加、肉质的改善、饲料消耗降低,从而饲料转化效率提高。
生长激素对猪的作用的一些研究报道的结果有所不同。主要影响因素包括猪的体重、猪的性别、注射生长激素的剂量和频度等。过大剂量及过频(1次/天)地注射生长激素可导致猪的高死亡率,伴随肝脏和肾脏退变、胃出血、水肿及关节炎等。因此,许多研究都集中在生长激素的不同用法对猪的生长、肉质改善、饲料转化效率的影响等方面。
Walker等(美国专利5637566)采用合成的猪生长激素0.06~0.15mg/Kg毛重对35~100kg的猪进行隔日、每3天、每4天一次注射,共10~30天。结果大大提高了猪(包括母猪、阉猪及公猪)的生长速度和瘦肉/脂肪比例及饲料转化效率。
然而,注射的生长激素在动物体内会迅速降解,因此无论是采用每天一次或几天一次的方法,都无可避免地需要多次注射,造成药物成本和操作成本的增加,并且反复注射易引起应激反应不利于猪的生长和肉质改善,同时,工作量也很大。
解决用生长激素反复注射的问题可采用两种策略。一种是转基因动物,即将生长激素基因转移到受精卵中,筛选出阳性基因型的个体,并进行繁殖。然而这种方法往往成本高,在高等哺乳动物如猪、牛中更难以实现,转基因的胚胎在发育中往往畸形或流产,或出生后异常,获得遗传性状不容易稳定,难以形成种群。且转基因猪中,由于生长激素在胚胎期或幼猪期的过早的高表达将会导致个体的生理紊乱,反而对个体生长起到副作用。因此,生长激素的转基因猪的研究并未获得成功。另一种方法是用体细胞基因转移的方法,即基因治疗的方法,将携带生长激素基因的DNA导入动物个体体内,如肌肉注射,使之在体内表达外源的生长激素并分泌到体循环系统中,促进动物的快速生长、瘦肉/脂肪比例及饲料转化效率提高。
除了用生长激素基因外,其它刺激生长激素分泌的激素也可达到同样目的。Schwartz R的研究组最近报道用含有猪生长激素释放激素基因(GHRH)的质粒DNA给小猪肌肉注射,结果使小猪生长速度明显加快,体重增加20%以上,并且没有器官肥大或相关病理变化。其中GHRH编码的蛋白对血清蛋白酶具有抗性,其表达受到肌肉特异性的合成的启动子(SP)控制。该质粒DNA 10mg给3周龄的小猪一次性肌肉内注射,随后用电穿孔处理,可提高血清中GHRH的水平,增加生长激素的分泌,增加血清IGF-1的水平。
AAV载体因其具有安全性好、可介导外源基因的持续表达,在肌肉、视网膜、肝脏、脑组织等靶组织中表达良好等特点,近年来受到基因治疗领域越来越多的关注,成为较为理想的基因治疗载体。许多研究表明,重组AAV载体可介导外源基因在肌肉组织持续高表达,并且可将目的蛋白分泌到体循环系统中起作用。通过采用转录调控开关如四环素开关系统(tet-on,tet-off),成功地实现了外源基因可控性表达。用AAV载体开展的各种动物实验主要是在鼠体内进行的,最近用AAV载体介导凝血因子Ⅸ基因治疗血友病B在狗体内也获得了很大成功。尚未见用AAV载体介导外源基因转移牲畜提高经济价值的报道。
本发明涉及携带生长激素基因或相关基因如生长激素释放激素基因的重组AAV病毒的制备和用途,提供了一种用携带生长激素基因及其相关基因的重组AAV病毒给猪肌肉注射,增加猪的生长速度和改善肉质,提高饲料转化效率的方法。
猪的生长激素基因和生长激素释放激素基因cDNA用相应的特异性引物RT-PCR方法从乳猪的垂体组织mRNA中获得,并测序验证其正确性。
含有猪生长激素基因的重组AAV病毒具有人AAV-2病毒的理化特征和感染性,注射到肌肉组织后可逐渐在肌肉细胞中形成染色体外高分子DNA形式,表达并释放外源的生长激素基因至体循环系统中。
含有猪生长激素基因的重组AAV病毒的基因组由以下结构成分组成:1)位于基因组两末端的AAV-2病毒特征性的倒转末端重复序列(ITR);2)生长激素基因表达单位,包括真核基因启动子,生长激素基因cDNA,真核细胞mRNA加尾信号polyA。其中的启动子为巨细胞病毒立早启动子或其它组成性表达或诱导性表达的启动子。基因组的大小在4.7kb以下。
含有猪生长激素基因的重组AAV病毒的制备和纯化方法见中国专利(申请号:99123723.4,99119039.4)。
本发明的含有猪生长激素基因的重组AAV病毒的用法涉及给猪一次性肌肉注射。
实施例1从乳猪脑垂体扩增猪的生长激素基因
将出生一周的长白猪乳猪从左前肢处心脏放血处死,迅速切开猪颅骨,充分暴露颅底脑组织,在颅底垂体窝处用DEPC水处理过的镊子小心取下猪脑垂体。将垂体在DEPC处理过的缓冲液中涮洗1次,然后将垂体放入干烤灭菌的组织匀浆器中,进行匀浆处理。
按照提取RNA的实验方法,将经匀浆处理后的垂体组织用总RNA提取Trizol试剂盒(Gibco公司)进行RNA的快速提取,经电泳证实,RNA提取成功。以所提取的RNA做为模板,进行反转录PCR,所设计的猪生长激素的PCR的上游引物primer1和下游引物primer 2的序列分别为:
primer1:5′ta ggt acc atg gct gca ggc cct cgg a 3′
primer2:5′gt aga tct cta gaa ggc aca gct gct ctc 3′
其中,primer 1中设计了KpnⅠ酶切位点,primer2中设计了BglⅡ酶切位点。
将PCR产物进行电泳,电泳结果证实得到获得的DNA片段与猪的生长激素基因大小相符。
将PCR产物DNA插入克隆载体T-easy Vector得到重组质粒DNA。用此重组质粒DNA转化大肠杆菌E.Coli.DH5α后,挑取转化菌克隆,进行质粒DNA的快速提取。经过酶切鉴定,初步确定T-easy Vector载体中插入的DNA片段为猪生长激素基因的cDNA(含信号肽DNA片段)。然后进行DNA序列测定,确切证实所插入的DNA片段为猪生长激素基因的cDNA。将此重组质粒的保留均种大量扩增,进行DNA的大量提取。
实施例2含猪生长激素基因的重组AAV病毒的制备
将含有猪生长激素基因的重组质粒用KpnⅠ和Bgl Ⅱ双酶切(Bio-lab公司),得到猪生长激素基因,然后将此基因片段定向插入预先酶切好的pSNAV-1载体中,经过克隆筛选,得到正确的pSNAV/pGH重组子。
用脂质体转染法将重组子pSNAV/pGH转移至真核工程细胞株BHK细胞中,获得含猪生长激素基因的重组AAV病毒的生产细胞pSNAV/pGH-BHK细胞。将此细胞株进行传代并每代保种。25代后以猪生长激素基因特异性DNA小片段为杂交引物,采用Southern杂交检测此细胞株DNA,结果显示阳性,证明猪生长激素基因在此细胞株内稳定传代,未丢失;另外,以此细胞株DNA为模板,用猪生长激素基因的原来的PCR引物进行PCR,经过同样显示扩增出猪生长激素基因DNA。
将pSNAV/pGH-BHK细胞株用转瓶方式扩大培养,转瓶大小为110×288mm,待转瓶中细胞长满(约2×109个细胞),倾出培养液,用携带了AAV病毒rep/cap基因的重组HSV-1病毒(HSV1-re)感染pSNAV/pGH-BHK细胞株,使HSV1-rc病毒吸附1-2小时后加入无血清1640培养液,2-3天后,待细胞完全病变,容易脱落时,盖紧瓶盖剧烈振摇,收割出毒的细胞株及其培养液,置于一只三角瓶中,然后进行pGH-rAAV重组病毒的分离和纯化。
pGH-rAAV重组病毒的分离和纯化的步骤:
在三角瓶中加入氯仿25ml(10∶1 v/v),然后置37℃摇床中剧烈振摇1-2小时后室温下静置10min。加DNase和RNase至终浓度1pg/ml。轻轻混匀,室温下消化45min。加入固体氯化钠至终浓度1mol/L,振摇溶解。4℃12000rpm离心15min。取出上层水相,弃氯仿和沉淀。加PEG8000至终浓度10%(w/v)。振摇溶解。4℃放置过夜后,4℃11000rpm离心15min。将上清倒入干净容器中。将离心管倒扣在吸水纸上,让上清尽量流尽。用5ml PBS2+缓冲液将各离心管管底和管壁上的沉淀吹打洗脱下来合并,将其分装至1.5-ml塑料离心管中(0.6ml/管),加等体积的氯仿抽提。4℃12000rpm离心5min,在无菌操作下小心吸出上层水相,移入无菌管中。然后进行超滤,去除氯仿,即获得纯化的pGH-rAAV重组病毒。该病毒液体积比初始体积浓缩了200倍。
实施例3用含有绿色荧光蛋白基因的重组AAV病毒给小猪肌肉注射
取含有绿色荧光蛋白基因的重组AAV病毒(GFP-rAAV)颗粒2×109Particle,用PBS液2ml稀释,给出生30公斤左右的长白猪(雌、雄各1只)进行颈部肌肉注射,每只猪注射1×109 Particle。在注射部位用苦味酸做记号。GFP-rAAV病毒颗粒注射后第15天、30天、45天分别施行手术,在注射区域分别取少量肌肉组织,冰冻切片后,放在载玻片上,在倒置荧光显微镜下用长波紫外线激发观察。观察结果显示,两只猪在15天、30天、45天所取的肌肉组织均有绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)的表达,且随时间的延长,GFP的表达强度增强,表达量非常高。实施例4用含有猪生长激素基因的重组AAV病毒给猪肌肉注射取含有猪生长激素基因的重组AAV病毒(GH-rAAV)颗粒用PBS液2ml稀释,给30公斤左右的长白猪架子猪(雌、雄各5只)进行颈部肌肉注射,按每公斤体重肌肉注射3.3×107Particle,每只猪约注射1×109 Particle。另外,用不含生长激素的重组AAV病毒用同样的方法和剂量,给出生30公斤左右的长白猪架子猪(雌、雄各5只)进行颈部肌肉注射,每只乳猪注射1×109 Particle。在注射部位用苦味酸做记号。注射后,精确称量每头猪每天的饲料消耗。屠宰时称取每头猪的侗体的重量,并分割瘦肉与肥肉。统计结果表明,带有猪生长激素的重组AAV可以使饲料利用减少20%,生长速度提高25%,瘦肉率提高15%。
Claims (9)
1.本发明的组成包括:
(a)含有与启动子元件相连的编码生长激素蛋白或相关激素蛋白的核酸分子的重组AAV病毒颗粒;
(b)给药途径为一次性肌肉注射。
2.一种促进猪快速生长的方法,通过将权利要求1中所述的含有生长激素基因或相关基因的重组AAV病毒颗粒肌肉注射到猪的体内,被转导的肌肉细胞持续表达并分泌足以促进猪生长的生长激素蛋白或相关激素蛋白。
3.权利要求2所述的方法中,含有生长激素基因的重组AAV病毒颗粒是对小猪实施肌肉注射的。
4.根据权利要求1,核酸分子编码天然的猪生长激素。
5.根据权利要求1,核酸分子编码人工合成、人工改造的猪生长激素基因。
6.根据权利要求1,核酸分子编码促进猪生长激素释放的激素的基因。
7.根据权利要求1,核酸分子编码猪生长激素释放激素基因(GHRH)。
8.根据权利要求1,启动子元件为巨细胞病毒立早启动子(CMV promoter)。
9.根据权利要求1,启动子元件为肌肉特异性启动子。
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CN108300792B (zh) * | 2018-03-29 | 2021-05-28 | 华南农业大学 | 与猪胴体瘦肉率相关的miRNA标志物及其应用 |
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