CN1376065A - 稳定性改善的组合物 - Google Patents
稳定性改善的组合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1376065A CN1376065A CN00813496A CN00813496A CN1376065A CN 1376065 A CN1376065 A CN 1376065A CN 00813496 A CN00813496 A CN 00813496A CN 00813496 A CN00813496 A CN 00813496A CN 1376065 A CN1376065 A CN 1376065A
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Abstract
本发明涉及送递药物活性成分的组合物的稳定性的改善。当以各种产品形式包括送入口腔最终被吞咽的液态酏剂使用时,或是可以通过填充液体的锭剂、液计量给药装置、喷雾器和液体释放可食胶囊送递时,这些组合物具有意外的稳定性。这些组合物尤其可用于治疗与呼吸道疾病相关的病症。
Description
发明领域
本发明涉及送递药物活性成分的组合物的稳定性的改善。当以各种产品形式包括送入口腔最终被吞咽的液态酏剂使用,或是可以通过填充液体的锭剂、液计量给药装置、喷雾器和液体释放可食胶囊送递时,这些组合物非常地稳定。这些组合物尤其可用于治疗与呼吸道疾病相关的病症。
发明背景
送递药用活性成分的途径包括通过鼻内、肺部、颊、舌下、透皮、阴道和直肠和眼睛给药来送递活性成分。然而,最普通的是吞咽的组合物。当这些组合物被吞咽时,它们进入肠胃道并被吸收到全身血循环中。由人吞咽的物品(包括食物、饮料和药物)进入胃并从胃流入肠。许多与食物、饮料或药物相关的化合物穿透肠胃道的粘膜,并进入从肠流出的肠系膜静脉的血液中。自肠系膜静脉流出的血流进入肝。肠粘膜和肝中的代谢酶可以化学地改变从肠通过肝进入身体全身血循环的物质的性状。
呼吸道疾病包括范围广泛的疾病,包括病毒感染和对吸入的过敏原的过敏反应。人上呼吸道中的病毒感染导致的疾病通常称为感冒或流感。这种疾病在人群中是非常普遍的且能造成明显的不适和痛苦。过敏原的吸入也会对人群起到与病毒感染相同或更大程度的负面影响。
还未有被视为预防病毒感染或过敏的有效和方便的方法。当被病毒感染时,身体的天然防御机制与感染对抗的时间范围为3天至2周。此时,最常规使用的药物来治疗这些呼吸道疾病的症状即不适。这些症状包括鼻塞和流涕、鼻喉痛和发炎、咳嗽、全身痛、发烧和头痛。在这些症状中,发作不能控制的咳嗽被许多人视为是最严重的问题和不适。咳嗽干扰了正常的呼吸,从而增加了头痛和咽喉痛,并使患者及与患者同住的其它人失眠。
用于治疗上述病症的组合物通常为以下药理学分类中的一种:抗组胺药、减充血剂、镇咳药、祛痰剂、粘液溶解药、止痛药、解热药和抗炎药。这些组合物被制备成许多产品形式,最普遍的是吞服用的液体糖浆和酏剂、口腔滴液和锭剂以及吸入剂,和局部乳膏和乳液(能释放挥发剂被吸入通过鼻腔后进入呼吸道)。通常迅速吞服这些组合物,或将它们缓慢地溶解于口腔中。它们通常含有活性剂如愈创木酚甘油醚(协助身体除去过量的呼吸粘液或痰液)、苯海拉明(减少在体应答病毒感染而产生的组胺负面效果包括咳嗽和其它症状)和右美沙芬(在人脑的一部分中起作用控制咳嗽反射)。在这些活性成分中右美沙芬是世界上减轻咳嗽最常用的活性成分。
Pankania等人(Boots Company)的美国专利No.4,839,176(1989年6月13日)公开了在制造含有CMC的药片中亚硫酸氢盐的用途来避免降解。Keel等人(Monsanto)的美国专利No.4,474,985(1993年9月25日)公开了增加粗N-氨基苯酚的无色保质期的方法。该方法包括将粗N-乙酰基氨基苯酚溶解于含有还原剂(如偏亚硫酸氢盐)的溶剂中。Haslam等人的美国专利No.4,478,882(1984年11月23日)和美国专利No.4,474,752(1984年11月2日)(都转让给Merck&Co.)公开了含有进入体腔后使液体凝胶化的聚合物的组合物。所公开的是一系列微生物防腐剂包括亚硫酸氢钠和硫代硫酸钠。就本发明申请人所知本领域尚未证明通过所含溶液或液态基础的产品形式所提供的特殊化学稳定益处。
发明概述
至今还未实现的是,当将特殊的试剂加入组合物时,可对与传统溶剂混合的活性化合物起正影响。惊人的是,在含有药用活性成分的液态组合物中,某些混合的鳌合剂和还原剂能改善这些组合物中活性成分的稳定性。
本发明的组合物提供了优异的口服产品形式的送递。当掺入到各种口服产物形式(包括酏剂、填充液体的锭剂、液计量给药装置、喷雾器和液体缓释可食胶囊)时,这些组合物也还具有极好的保质期。这些组合物尤其可用于治疗与呼吸道疾病相关的症状。
在细致而勤奋地研究了活性化合物的药用、治疗和副作用特性后,实现了能起到改善治疗效果的正面作用而不增加副作用或毒性的组合物。这些化合物可以改善用于送递这些组合物的产品形式的稳定性。该益处的实现,是通过向含活性成分的制剂中加入可改善该活性成分在制剂中稳定性的试剂。这些试剂可有效地降低和甚至消除因活性成分的氧化降解途径而造成的不稳定性,从而延长了组合物的存放期。
所以本发明的一个目的是提供改善的组合物,用于治疗与呼吸道疾病相关的症状,尤其是尽可能减少咳嗽的发作。在一个特别优选的实施例中,组合物是处在极为稳定的环境中的无水、亲水的液态形式的,以快速送递活性成分包括镇咳药、抗组胺药(包括非镇静性抗组胺药)、减充血剂、祛痰剂、粘液溶解药、镇痛剂、解热药和抗炎药,以及用于治疗呼吸道疾病症状的局部麻醉剂。可用各种产品形式和/或包装送递选择来服用这些组合物。本发明的组合物提供理想的活性,同时将活性化合物的潜在副作用降至最小。提供迅速透粘膜送递上述组合物的方法也是本发明的一个目的。
定义和术语
以下为本发明说明书中术语的定义:
1.透粘膜送递
指将药物对口腔(包括颊(面颊)、嘴唇、齿龈、上颚和舌)粘膜的应用,达到药物穿透这些位点上的皮肤进入血流的目的。
2.治疗剂量
指当以适当形式给予人时,在体内达到所需效果且不良副作用最小的物质的量。
3.药物活性成分/活性成分:
指当以适当量和形式给予时对身体产生所需效果的化学分子。
4.活性代谢产物
指当活性成分发生代谢时形成的药物活性成分的化合物。
5.单分子分散
指活性成分的分子是游离的,不受晶体或非晶体固态形式或多分子缔合扩散的阻碍。
6.百分比溶解度值
指常温下分子在溶剂中的平衡溶解度极限或最大溶解度,以分子在组合物中的重量百分比表示。
7.无水溶剂
指含水量少于5%的溶剂。
发明详述
药用活性成分
本发明的组合物含有药用活性成分(本文也称为“活性成分”)来治疗疾病,尤其是与呼吸道疾病相关的症状如感冒、流感和过敏。这些活性成分包括通常用于治疗大部分成问题的症状(包括鼻塞和流涕,鼻喉疼痛和炎症,咳嗽的发作、全身痛、发烧和头痛)的活性成分;参见Smith的美国专利No.5,196,436(1993年3月23日),本文将其纳入作为参考。在本发明中,当活性成分与组合物中送递活性成分的某些材料混合时,使用提高制剂长期稳定的物质是特别有益的。在稳定的制剂中,活性成分能有效地送递产生正面作用。
组合物含有药用活性成分和稳定剂以及常规已知的使组合物送递所述活性成分的成分。在一优选实施例中,组合物含有溶剂,该溶剂是亲水的、可与水混合的无水溶剂,其中在室温以非离子化形式的药用活性成分在该溶剂中的百分比溶解度值等于或大于0.075%,且药用活性成分以其游离的非离子化形式在溶剂中呈单分子分散。
本发明的优选药用活性成分的分子量小于500克每摩尔,在水性溶剂中可以电离,且当以非离子化形式存在时,辛醇-水分配系数至少为100。在A.Martin,P.Bustamante和A.H.C.Chun的“物理药物”,第四版,Lea and Febigerpublishers,Philadelphia,1993,第237页中公开了辛醇-水的分配系数,本文将其纳入作为参考。
构成本发明组合物的活性成分包括在以下药理学分类中至少一种成分:镇咳药、抗组胺药、非镇静性抗组胺药、减充血剂、祛痰剂、粘液溶解药、镇痛剂、解热抗炎药,局部麻醉剂和它们的混合物。描述这些活性成分的用途的参考文献包括J.G.Hardman的“治疗学的药理基础“,第9版,McGraw-Hill,NewYork,1995。在这些药理学分类中的活性成分中是那些适用于通过粘膜组织吸收的活性成分。可单独或与其它活性成分(不必以这种方式吸收)联合使用,且这些活性成分可以用已有的方法配制。
当使用用于粘膜吸收的活性成分时,组合物溶剂部分中活性成分的浓度较佳地为低于或等于125%溶解度百分比,更佳地是小于或等于药用活性成分的百分比溶解度值。为了使本发明组合物的益处达到最大,较佳地活性成分在溶液中以单分子分散。用于本发明的吸收的活性成分在溶剂系统中的存在水平约为组合物重量的0.075%到25.0%,较佳地为0.28%到10.0%。较佳地,所述的活性成分在所述的溶剂系统中以其游离的非离子化的形式存在。当药物活性成分可以盐的形式或离子化的形式存在时,在本发明中宜使用不带电的游离(非盐)形式的药物。
镇咳药是特别用于制止不可控制的咳嗽发作的活性成分。用于本发明的镇咳药包括(但不限制于):可待因、右美沙芬、右啡烷(dextrophan)、苯海拉明、氢可酮、那可丁、羟考酮、喷托维林、吗啡、吗啉乙吗啡和它们的混合。在这些镇咳药中,右美沙芬是优选的。已知右美沙芬具有镇咳药的药用活性,参见Smith的美国专利No.5,196,436,本文将其纳入作为参考。如本文所述,“右美沙芬”指消旋甲啡烷、3-甲氧基-17-甲基吗啡(消旋-顺式-1,3,4,9,10,10a-六氢-6-甲氧基-11-甲基-2H-10,4a-亚氨基亚乙烯基菲和其药学上可接受的盐。本发明含有右美沙芬的组合物含有约0.1%到9.3%右美沙芬,较佳地约为0.26%到6.2%,更佳地为1.16%到4.6%。在含有右美沙芬的组合物中还可以包括其它安全有效量的其它咳嗽/感冒药活性成分。
用于本发明的抗组胺药包括(但不限制于):阿伐斯汀、阿杂他定、溴苯那敏、氯苯那敏、氯马斯汀、塞庚啶、右溴苯那敏、茶苯海明、苯海拉明、多西拉敏、羟嗪、敏克静、抗敏胺、苯托沙敏、异丙嗪、吡拉敏、曲吡那敏、曲普利啶和它们的混合。可用于本发明的非镇静抗组胺药包括(但不限制于):阿司咪唑、西替利嗪、依巴斯汀、非索那汀(fexofenadine)、氯雷他定和它们的混合。可用于本发明的减充血剂包括(但不限制于):苯并醇胺、假麻黄碱、麻黄碱、苯福林、羟甲咪唑和它们的混合。用于本发明的祛痰剂包括(但不限制于):氯化铵、愈创木酚甘油醚、吐根液提取物、碘化钾和它们的混合。可用于本发明的粘液溶解药包括(但不限制于):乙酰半胱氨酸、安溴素、溴己新和它们的混合。可用于本发明的止痛药、解热药和抗炎药包括(但不限制于):醋氨酚、阿司匹林、双氯酚酸、二氟尼柳、依托度酸、非诺洛芬、氟联苯丙酸、布洛芬、酮咯酸、萘丁美酮、萘普生、吡罗昔康、咖啡因和它们的混合。用于本发明的局部麻醉剂包括(但不限制于):赛罗卡因、苯佐卡因、苯酚、达克罗宁、苯佐那酯和它们的混合。
溶剂
用所选用的溶剂维持药用活性成分的非离子形式。本发明组合物的溶剂部分约占60%到99.975%,较佳地为70%到99%,更佳地为85%到98%组合物重量。
在环境温度或室温,本发明的溶剂通常是液态的。它可以是水溶性的或水可混合的。本发明的溶剂较佳地选自:丙二醇、乙醇、聚乙二醇即PEG、碳酸丙二醇酯、二乙二醇单甲醚、泊洛沙姆、甘糠醛(glycofurol)、甘油、聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮(PVP)、TranscutolTM2-(2-乙氧基乙氧基)乙醇、Lauroglycol 90TM(脂肪酸脂和丙二醇)、LabrasolTM(甘油酯和聚乙二醇酯)、Capryol 90TM(丙二醇单辛酸酯)和它们的混合,都可从Gattefosse SA.Company of 69804 Saint Priest Cedex,France购得。丙二醇和乙醇是特别优选的。对本发明的某些产品而言,特别优选的是这些溶剂的混合物。例如,如果产品形式是酏剂、液体胶囊或含有液体的锭剂,则溶剂是丙二醇、乙醇和PEG的混合物。如果产品形式是喷雾剂,溶剂是丙二醇、乙醇、PEG和通常丙二醇碳酸酯的混合物。组成这些混合物的各溶剂的水平取决于配方设计师的所需达到的美感效果。最优选的是上述溶剂的无水形式。
鳌合剂
已发现加入鳌合剂可以对构成本发明组合物的活性成分有特别有益的化学稳定作用。当鳌合剂存在于组合物中含活性成分相以外的相时,就发生这种令人惊喜的现象。例如,当活性成分溶解于组合物的非极性环境或相中时,所选的鳌合剂可以在极性相,如水中。因此,尽管是在分开的相中,活性成分的化学稳定性依旧得到正面影响。而当活性成分和鳌合剂共溶于同一溶剂时,则不能观察到相同稳定益处。所以,用于组合物的鳌合剂取决于所选的活性成分及其溶解性。
用于本发明的鳌合剂包括那些螯合过渡金属离子如铁、铜、锌和其它金属的鳌合剂。不希望束缚于理论,可以合理假设金属阳离子在氧化性物质的形成中起主要作用。产生游离基的反应涉及通过两个不同价态间的氧化还原循环的电子的转移。痕量的重金属通常催化自氧化反应。事实上,低至0.05ppm金属离子就足以引发氧化反应并增加该链式反应的进行速度。参见W.Lund,药典,第12版,第287&290页,The Pharmaceutical Press,1994,本文将其纳入作为参考。
已显示鳌合剂可以降低这些价态间的电子转移反应的容易性。鳌合剂的这种特性阻抑了自动氧化反应。这就可以解释为何鳌合剂可有效地保护药用活性成分。已知碱性pH时的氧化速率和程度比酸性pH值时大。这部分是因为二价阳离子在碱性介质中具有更多催化氧化反应的趋势。参见Townsend M.W.和Byron P.R.“制剂添加剂对冷冻干燥的核糖核酸酶A降解的作用”,PharmacuticalResearch第7卷,No.10,第1086-1091页(1990)。一些侧链含有氮的的其它药用化合物也显示出可以被EDTA稳定,参见A.G.&Summan A.M.。当存在维生素C时,EDTA已显示出能有效地稳定药物和食品有色化合物中的乙酰氨基基团防止它们受光降解,参见“Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics”第17卷,第107-109页(1992)。
用于本发明的鳌合剂在非水和水性介质、pH为5到12的范围中是稳定的,而且有效的。优选的鳌合剂选自:乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)的二钠盐和钙盐、EDTA四钠、六偏磷酸钠(SHMP)、柠檬酸、磷酸、二(羟基乙基)甘氨酸、8-羟基喹啉和它们的混合。
用于本发明的鳌合剂的水平取决于通过成分的污染的途径引入制剂的金属离子的量。在本发明中,所用鳌合剂的水平约为0.005%到1.000%,较佳地约为0.150%到0.050%,更佳地约为0.300%到0.010%组合物的重量。
还原剂
还观察到当在上述本发明的鳌合剂中存在还原剂时,还原剂能明显增加保质期。甚至当制剂中鳌合剂的水平很低时如低至0.001%时情况也如此。保质期的延长也就是还原剂作为抗氧剂长期效果的改善。不希望束缚于理论,据信当存在鳌合剂时还原反应(还原剂的氧化)以不同的过程进行。存在鳌合剂时,起始反应取决于超氧化物自由基团的产生,而当不存在鳌合剂时,O2 0以外的自由基氧化性物质将参与起始反应。因此鳌合剂在还原剂的有氧氧化中起双重作用。它与能催化自发氧化的痕量金属络合,从而改变引发的机制。它也可通过清除增长反应链的氧化性自由基作为链的破坏剂。从而明显增加了还原剂对本发明活性成分的化学稳定作用。这种现象令人惊奇地发生于当活性成分与还原剂是处在不同相中时。例如,当活性成分溶解于组合物的非极性环境或相中时,所选的还原剂应溶解于极性相如水中。所以,尽管是在分开的相中,活性成分的化学稳定性还是受到正面影响。当活性成分和还原剂共溶于溶剂时,则观察不到这种相同的稳定作用。所以用于本发明组合物的还原剂取决于所选的活性成分及其溶解性。
还原剂是具有比药物或用来保护对抗氧化的佐剂氧化还原势低的物质。所以当存在氧化剂时,还原剂比药物或佐剂更易氧化。参见W.Lund,药典,第12版,第290页,The Pharmaceutical Press,1994,本文将其纳入作为参考。本发明还原剂具有电极电势值。这是由能斯特(Nernst)方程定义并用标准电化学参考电池测定的。因此将得到的值称为E0的标准电极电势(以伏特(V)为量度)。比较不同物质的标准电极电势可用于评估不同还原剂的有效性,参见Wells,药物预制剂,Ellis Horwood Limited Publishing,1988,第168-172页,本文将其纳入作为参考。用于本发明的还原剂的电极电势值E0约大于-0.119V,较佳地约为-0.119V到+0.250V。优选的还原剂选自偏亚硫酸氢盐和亚硫酸氢盐,包括它们的钠盐和钾盐;二硫苏糖醇;硫脲;硫代硫酸钠;巯基乙酸;叔丁基氢醌(terbutyhydroquinone)(TBHQ);乙酰基半胱氨酸;氢醌和它们的混合物。
用于本发明的还原剂的水平约为0.005%到1.000%,较佳地约为0.050%到0.500%,更佳地约为0.010%到0.200%组合物的重量。
通过作为以牺牲自己而不是活性成分的氧化-供体化合物起作用,还原剂保护本发明的药用活性成分免受降解。鳌合剂还可通过与制剂成分中存在的金属离子(包括香精、清凉剂和甜味剂以及潜在的从包装材料迁移出的金属离子)的螯合,也可起到实用保护作用。当这些金属离子不存在时,只有极少或不产生由金属催化剂产生的氧基或过氧基自由基。这将稳定药用活性成分。
虽然一起使用还原剂和螯合物的相加效果不能令人吃惊,但使用这些特定还原剂所得到的益处是惊人的。另外,使用超过螯合系统(不持续产生金属离子)中所有金属离子所需量水平的鳌合剂时,所观察到的益处也是惊人的。不希望束缚于理论,据信存在过量水平的鳌合剂如EDTA,还原剂如偏亚硫酸氢钠的降解被惊人地抑制。持续保持本发明组合物中还原剂的存在,能够保存更高水平的组合物中的药用活性成分。
任选成分
水可用于本发明的组合物。在本发明中,水的最高水平约为组合物重量的10%,较佳地约为组合物重量的1%到10%,更佳地约为组合物重量的5%到10%,最佳地约为组合物重量的5%到8%。
通常与感冒和流感治疗药物一起使用的成分,可以与此处公开的药物活性成分一起使用。这样的成分在美国专利5,196,436中有公开,该文献在此引用作为参考。此外,在本发明中可以使用下列成分。
缓冲剂和缓冲剂混合物(包括作为单成分的碱性缓冲剂,pKa为8到10),包括三乙醇胺、氨基丁三醇、氨基酸盐(包括甘氨酸、甘氨酰甘氨酸、谷氨酰胺或其它氨基酸的碱盐)、磷酸的碱盐、碳酸盐和它们的混合物。缓冲剂提供使组合物抵抗唾液对组合物的稀释所造成的pH的变化(在8-10范围中)。
缓冲剂和缓冲剂混合物(包括作为单成分的碱性缓冲剂,pKa为8到10),包括三乙醇胺、氨丁三醇、氨基酸盐(包括甘氨酸、甘氨酰甘氨酸、谷氨酰胺或其它氨基酸的碱盐)、磷酸的碱盐、碳酸盐和它们的混合。缓冲剂提供使组合物抵抗唾液中组合物对其稀释所造成的pH的变化(在8-10范围中)。
甜味剂包括阿斯巴特、糖精及其盐、SucraloseTM(由McNeil SpecialtyProdducts Co.,New Brunswick,NJ出售)、ProsweetTM(由the Virginia Dare ExtractCo.,New York,NY出售)、MagnasweetTM(由MAFCO Woldwide Corp.,LicoriceDivision,Camden,NJ出售)、甘草酸铵及其盐、TalinTM(Thaumatin)和其稀释的产品如Talin GA90(由Talin Food Company,Birkenhead,England出售)和乙酰舒泛K和它们的混合物。由于这些用甜味剂制备的产品是口服的,因而较佳地这些产品如锭剂使用无糖或不生龋齿的甜味剂。这就是说甜味剂不会被口腔中的生龋细菌代谢,从而不会产生酸性环境。如果不可能,则将产品配制成含有pKa大于7(较佳地为8)的碱性缓冲剂,以预调口腔。
香精包括茴香、薄荷油、丁香油、桉、柠檬、酸橙、蜂蜜、甜橙(honey lemon)、red fruit、薄荷、葡萄柚、桔、樱莓(cherry cola)和它们的混合。
感觉剂。还可用于本发明的感觉剂选自:清凉剂、催涎剂、温热剂。较佳地,组合物中这些试剂存在的水平约为0.001%到10%,较佳地约为0.1%到1%组合物重量。
适合的清凉剂和温热剂包括甲酰胺类、薄荷醇、百里酚、樟脑、辣椒、苯酚、桉树油、苯甲醇、水杨醇、乙醇、丁香花蕊油和己基间苯二酚、缩酮、二醇和它们的混合物。优选的温热剂包括百里酚、樟脑、辣椒、苯酚、苯甲醇、水杨醇、乙醇、丁香花蕊油和己基间苯二酚、烟酸酯如烟酸苄酯、缩酮、二醇和它们的混合物。
优选的清凉剂是对烷甲酰胺(carboxamide)如N-乙基-对-烷-3-甲酰胺(WS-3,由Sterling Organics提供),如Watson等人的美国专利No.4,136,163(1979年1月23日)中所述,本文将其纳入作为参考。优选的清凉剂是对烷甲酰胺如N-乙基-对-烷-3-甲酰胺。其它优选的对烷甲酰胺是已知为“WS-23”的N,2,3-三甲基-2-异丙基丁酰胺,及WS-3和WS-23的混合物。
其它优选清凉剂选自薄荷醇、称为TK-10的3-1-氧基丙烷-1,2-二醇(由Takasago Perfumery Co.,Ltd,Tokyo,Japan提供)、称为MGA的酮甘油缩醛(由Haarmann and Reimer制造)、由Haarmann and Reimer制造的命名为Frescolat的乳酸酯和它们的混合物。
其它清凉剂包括环状砜和亚砜等,都可参见Rowsell等人的美国专利No.4,032,661(1977年6月28日),本文将其纳入作为参考。
本文所用的术语“薄荷醇”和“基”包括这些混合物的右旋和左旋异构体和它们的消旋混合物。
对TK-10的描述参见Amano等人的美国专利No.4,459,525(1984年7月10日),本文将其纳入作为参考。
本发明的催涎剂包括Takasago Perfumery Co.,Ltd,Tokyo,Japan制造的Jambu。
使用方法
通过将剂型置于口中将药物送递入血流的方法依据所需的动作,可以分成两种主要的亚类型。其一,药物是在吞咽后送递入血液吸收的(即从胃、小肠或结肠),另一种是主要吸收是通过口腔的膜,无论是服药后立即还是由粘膜粘性物质使药物的滞留的一段长时间。这种路径通常可以称为“颊”或“口腔粘膜”吸收,而前一种情况则可称为口服路径。到目前为止,在所有研究过的药物中口服路径的给药是最常用的,其详细解释参见:Mayerson,M.,“药物吸收原理”第2章,“现代药学”,第2版,G.S.Banker and C.T.Rhodes编辑,Marcel DekkerInc.,New York,1990。
在活性成分的送递方法中,通常接受的是口腔内口腔粘膜送递必须靶向舌下区域从而实现快速的治疗效果,参见D.Harris和J.R.Robinson的“通过口腔粘膜的给药”,Journal of Pharmaceutical Science 81:1,1992。将这些药物设计成置于舌下的口腔底部上,并维持一段长时间。但是,本发明的发明者发现,当将本发明组合物放在口内的口腔粘膜的任何位置,甚至是在舌上或吞咽下,都可以实现极迅速的吸收,并且生物可利用性大大提高。
本发明的形式是液体酏剂溶液。可将其用于口腔内的任何粘膜上。这可以用标明要给予的适当量的刻度药物滴管,并在吞咽前将酏剂射在舌上。可以将这种酏剂在口和喉内喷雾,然后吞咽。可以用一些壳将这些酏剂胶囊化,使其可以携带并易于运输和给药而无需测定液态酏剂的量。胶囊壳的例子包括用于锭剂的硬糖、明胶或以淀粉为基础的壳。可以将酏剂装入小的一次性小瓶内,这种小瓶易于开启且可以将酏剂喷射或倾倒入嘴内,整个小瓶精确地含有一个剂量。本发明组合物的典型剂型含有3ml以内,较佳地约为0.2ml到3ml。
一优选剂型是用硬糖或明胶壳将液体胶囊化。壳含有能预处理粘膜的物质,从而提高液体进入后的吸收。吸吮或咀嚼壳物质就可发生预处理,通过将粘膜的处理时间分开(先预处理,然后再吸收存在的活性成分)也能得到这种益处。用于预处理粘膜的物质的例子是本领域通常已知的膜渗透增强剂,其例子包括薄荷醇、薄荷油、表面活性剂如聚山梨醇酯80或泊洛沙姆。粘膜预处理的其它例子是上述缓冲剂,可以将唾液微环境的pH控制在8到11的范围中。
实施例
实施例I
液态酏剂
项目 | 材料 | %组合物(w/w) |
1 | 丙二醇 | 80.664 |
2 | 乙醇 | 9.000 |
3 | 纯净水 | 5.000 |
4 | 乙二胺四乙酸二钠(EDTA二钠) | 0.050 |
5 | 糖精钠 | 0.650 |
6 | 薄荷香精 | 2.000 |
7 | 乙酰舒泛K1 | 0.450 |
8 | Takasago102 | 0.100 |
9 | 薄荷酮甘油缩醛(methoneglycerine acetal) | 0.300 |
10 | 乙基甲烷甲酰胺 | 0.070 |
11 | 甘草酸单铵 | 0.150 |
12 | 右美沙芬基料 | 1.466 |
13 | 偏亚硫酸氢钠 | 0.10 |
共 100.000
1可从Nutrinova Inc.Company of Somerset,NJ-08873,USA购得乙酰舒泛
2可从Takasago Company of Rockleigh,NJ-07657,USA购得TK10
将部分乙醇加入活性成分(右美沙芬基料)和固态甜味剂(Sucralose,甘草酸单胺)中,并将它们在低温(30℃)搅拌。在此容器中加入丙二醇和液态甜味剂(Pro-甜味剂液体K)。将鳌合剂(EDTA二钠)、还原剂(偏亚硫酸氢钠)和水混合在一起,混合直到均匀。将混合物加到容器中,并混合约2小时。在剩下的乙醇中加入预混合的香精和着色剂,将其加到装有近完成的溶液的容器中。混合直到形成均匀的溶液。让组合物留在混合容器中,敞开于空气中约10分钟。用US#100筛过滤组合物(产品密度=1.07g/ml)。注入褐色玻璃瓶中,用一体化的瓶盖/量药滴器组件进行封盖。
将约1.5克酏剂滴到舌上,然后吞咽下。右美沙芬被迅速吸收到血液中。
实施例II
液态酏剂
项目 | 材料 | %组合物(w/w) |
1 | 右美沙芬基料 | 2.055 |
2 | 乙醇 | 10.000 |
3 | 丙二醇 | 63.075 |
4 | 乙二胺四乙酸二钠(EDTA) | 0.1% |
5 | 三乙醇胺 | 3.740 |
6 | Sucralose | 0.150 |
7 | Pro-甜味剂液体K | 0.700 |
8 | 甘草酸单铵 | 0.050 |
9 | 香精 | 0.015 |
10 | 着色剂 | 0.005 |
11 | 愈创木酚甘油醚 | 20.00 |
12 | 偏亚硫酸氢钠 | 0.200 |
共 100.000
将部分乙醇加入活性成分(右美沙芬基料)和固态甜味剂(Sucralose,甘草酸单胺)中,并将它们在低温(30℃)搅拌。在此容器中加入丙二醇、液态甜味剂(Pro-甜味剂液体K)和缓冲剂(三乙醇胺,液体)。一起加入EDTA二钠、偏亚硫酸氢钠和水,混合直至溶液清澈。将混合物加到容器中,进入愈创木酚甘油醚并混合约2小时。在剩下的乙醇中加入预混合的香精和着色剂,将其加到装有近完成的溶液的容器中。混合直到形成均匀的溶液。让组合物留在混合容器中,敞开于空气中约10分钟。混合直到形成均匀的溶液,并用US#100筛过滤组合物(产品密度=1.07g/ml)。注入褐色玻璃瓶中,用一体化的瓶盖/量药滴器组件进行封盖。
将约1.0ml酏剂滴到舌上,然后吞咽下。右美沙芬被迅速吸收到血液中。
实施例III
液体喷雾剂
项目 | 材料 | %组合物(w/w) |
1 | 右美沙芬基料 | 3.425 |
2 | 六偏磷酸钠(SHMP) | 0.050 |
3 | 丙二醇 | 95.355 |
5 | Sucralose | 0.300 |
6 | Pro-甜味剂液体K | 0.700 |
7 | 甘草酸单铵 | 0.050 |
8 | 香精 | 0.015 |
9 | 着色剂1 | 0.005 |
10 | 硫代硫酸钠 | 0.100 |
共 100.000
1.从Warner Jenkins Co.,St.Louis,MO,USA购得的绿色素CSL-15689
将部分丙二醇加入活性成分(右美沙芬基料)和固态甜味剂(Sucralose,甘草酸单胺)中,并将它们在低温(30℃)搅拌。在此容器中再加入丙二醇和液态甜味剂(Pro-甜味剂液体K)。将六偏磷酸钠(SHMP)和硫代硫酸钠溶解于水中,并混合至清澈。将此混合物加到容器中,混合直到所有原料都溶解于溶液中,约2小时。在剩下的乙醇中加入预混合的香精和着色剂,将其加到装有近完成的溶液的容器中。混合直到形成均匀的溶液。让组合物留在混合容器中,敞开于空气中约10分钟。混合直到形成均匀的溶液,并用US#100筛过滤组合物(产品密度=1.07g/ml)。注入手动开启的喷雾泵和瓶中。一个例子是Calmar-AlberGmbH制造的,配有16mm高粘度头(送递0.2ml/驱动)的Mistette Mrak II。
在舌上进行3次单独喷雾。右美沙芬被迅速吸收到血液中,且在喷雾过程中一部分喷出的液体与咽喉区域接触,从而又提供了其它益处如使受刺激的咳嗽受体麻木。
实施例IV
液体喷雾剂
项目 | 材料 | %组合物(w/w) |
1 | 右美沙芬基料 | 3.425 |
2 | 乙醇(100%) | 5.350 |
3 | 丙二醇 | 41.315 |
4 | 碳酸丙二醇酯 | 40.000 |
5 | 三乙醇胺 | 3.740 |
6 | 乙二胺四乙酸二钠(二钠EDTA) | 0.050 |
7 | Sucralose | 0.300 |
8 | Pro-甜味剂液体K | 0.700 |
9 | 甘草酸单铵 | 0.050 |
10 | 香精 | 0.015 |
11 | 纯水 | 5.000 |
12 | 偏亚硫酸氢钠 | 0.050 |
13 | 着色剂 | 0.005 |
共 100.000
将部分乙醇加入活性成分(右美沙芬基料)和固态甜味剂(Sucralose,甘草酸单胺)中,并将它们在低温(30℃)搅拌。在此容器中再加入碳酸丙二醇酯和丙二醇、液态甜味剂(Pro-甜味剂液体K)还原剂和缓冲剂(三乙醇胺,液体)。混合直到所有原料都溶解于溶液中,约2小时。让组合物留在混合容器中,敞开于空气中约10分钟。在剩下的乙醇中加入预混合的香精和着色剂,将其加到装有近完成的溶液的容器中。混合直到形成均匀的溶液,并用US#100筛过滤组合物(产品密度=1.07g/ml)。注入手动开启的喷雾泵和瓶中。一个例子是Calmar-Alber GmbH制造的,配有16mm高粘度头(送递0.2ml/驱动)的Mistette Mrak II。
在舌上进行3次单独喷雾。右美沙芬被迅速吸收到血液中,且在喷雾过程中一部分喷出的液体与咽喉区域接触,从而又提供了其它益处如使受刺激的咳嗽受体麻木。
实施例V
液心锭剂
项目 | 材料 | %组合物(w/w) |
1 | 右美沙芬基料 | 2.055 |
2 | 乙醇(100%) | 2.000 |
3 | 纯水 | 5.000 |
4 | 丙二醇 | 89.775 |
5 | 乙二胺四乙酸二钠 | 0.050 |
6 | Sucralose | 0.300 |
7 | Pro-甜味剂液体K | 0.700 |
8 | 甘草酸单铵 | 0.050 |
9 | 香精 | 0.015 |
10 | 着色剂 | 0.005 |
11 | 偏亚硫酸氢钠 | 0.050 |
共 100.000
将部分乙醇加入活性成分(右美沙芬基料)和固态甜味剂(Sucralose,甘草酸单胺)中,并将它们在低温(30℃)搅拌。在此容器中加入丙二醇和液态甜味剂(Pro-甜味剂液体K)。混合直到所有原料都溶解于溶液中,约2小时。混合直到形成均匀的溶液。在剩下的乙醇中加入预混合的香精和着色剂,在装有近完成溶液的容器中加入乙醇、EDTA二钠、偏亚硫酸氢钠和水。让组合物留在混合容器中,敞开于空气中约10分钟。混合直到形成均匀的溶液,并用US#100筛过滤组合物(产品密度=1.07g/ml)。用常规方法如挤压制备各填装的锭剂,每个锭剂含有1.0ml液体。
让一测试者将一个填充液体的锭剂置于嘴中,吮吸该锭剂直到释放出液体填充物。通过吮吸锭剂的壳可以对咳嗽有一定的减缓。当释放液心时,右美沙芬被迅速吸收到血液中。
实施例VI
液心锭剂
项目 | 材料 | %组合物(w/w) |
1 | 右美沙芬基料 | 2.055 |
2 | 乙醇(100%) | 2.000 |
3 | 纯水 | 5.000 |
4 | 丙二醇 | 79.725 |
5 | 乙二胺四乙酸二钠(EDTA) | 0.050 |
6 | Sucralose | 0.300 |
7 | Pro-甜味剂液体K | 0.700 |
8 | 甘草酸单铵 | 0.050 |
9 | 香精 | 0.015 |
10 | 着色剂 | 0.005 |
11 | 脂肪酸脂和丙二醇1 | 10.00 |
12 | 偏亚硫酸氢钠 | 0.100 |
共 100.000
1.从Gattefosse SA.Company of 69804 Saint Priest Cedex,France购得Lauroglycol 90
将部分乙醇加入活性成分(右美沙芬基料)和固态甜味剂(Sucralose,甘草酸单胺)中,并将它们在低温(30℃)搅拌。在此容器中加入丙二醇、脂肪酸脂和丙二醇、液态甜味剂(Pro-甜味剂液体K)。制备EDTA二钠、偏亚硫酸氢钠的预制备混合物,并加到该容器中。混合直到所有原料都溶解于溶液中,约2小时。在剩下的乙醇中加入预混合的香精和着色剂,将其加到装有近完成的溶液的容器中。让组合物留在混合容器中,敞开于空气中约10分钟。混合直到形成均匀的溶液,并用US#100筛过滤组合物(产品密度=1.07g/ml)。用常规方法如积压制备各填装的锭剂,每个锭剂含有1.0ml液体。
让一测试者将一个填充液体的锭剂置于嘴中,吮吸该锭剂直到释放出液体填充物。通过吮吸锭剂的壳可以对咳嗽有一定的减缓。当释放液心时,右美沙芬被迅速吸收到血液中,且在10分钟内缓解咳嗽。
实施例VII
液态酏剂
项目 | 材料 | %组合物(w/w) |
1 | 右美沙芬基料 | 2.055 |
2 | 愈创木酚甘油醚 | 20.00 |
3 | 乙醇(100%) | 10.000 |
4 | 丙二醇 | 53.135 |
5 | 三乙醇胺 | 3.740 |
6 | Sucralose | 0.150 |
7 | Pro-甜味剂液体K | 0.700 |
8 | 甘草酸单铵 | 0.050 |
9 | 香精 | 0.005 |
10 | 着色剂 | 0.005 |
11 | 乙二胺四乙酸二钠(EDTA二钠) | 0.050 |
12 | 2-(2-乙氧基乙氧基)乙醇1 | 10.00 |
13 | 偏亚硫酸氢钠 | 0.100 |
共 100.000
1可从Gattefosse SA.Company of 69804 Saint Priest Codex,France购得Transcutol P。
将部分乙醇加入活性成分(右美沙芬基料)和固态甜味剂(Sucralose,甘草酸单胺)中,并将它们在低温(30℃)搅拌。在此容器中加入丙二醇、2-(2-乙氧基乙氧基)乙醇、愈创木酚甘油醚和液态甜味剂(Pro-甜味剂液体K)的混合物和缓冲剂(三乙醇胺,液体)。混合直到所有原料都溶解于溶液中,约2小时。制备香精和着色剂在残留的水和乙醇以及EDTA二钠和偏亚硫酸氢钠的预混合物,并将其加到装有近完成的溶液的容器中。混合直到形成均匀的溶液,并用US#100筛过滤组合物(产品密度=1.07g/ml)。注入褐色玻璃瓶中,用一体化的瓶盖/量药滴器组件进行封盖。
将约1.0ml克酏剂滴到舌上,然后吞咽下。
实施例VIII
液态酏剂
项目 | 材料 | %组合物(w/w) |
1 | 氯苯那敏基料 | 0.263 |
2 | 假麻黄碱基料 | 4.593 |
3 | 乙醇(100%) | 10.000 |
4 | 丙二醇 | 83.974 |
5 | Sucralose | 0.150 |
6 | Pro-甜味剂液体K | 0.700 |
7 | 甘草酸单铵 | 0.050 |
8 | 香精 | 0.015 |
9 | 着色剂 | 0.005 |
10 | 二(羟乙基)甘氨酸 | 0.050 |
11 | EDTA二钠 | 0.10 |
12 | 偏亚硫酸氢钠 | 0.10 |
共 100.000
将部分乙醇加入活性成分(氯苯那敏基料和假麻黄碱基料)和固态甜味剂(Sucralose,甘草酸单胺)中,并将它们在低温(30℃)搅拌。在此容器中加入丙二醇、液态甜味剂(Pro-甜味剂液体K)、二(羟乙基)甘氨酸和缓冲剂(三乙醇胺,液体)的混合物。混合直至所有原料都溶于溶液中,约2小时。将混合物加到容器中,并混合约2小时。制备香精和着色剂的丙二醇溶液、EDTA二钠、偏亚硫酸氢钠和残留的乙醇的预混合物,并将其加到装有近完成溶液的容器中。混合直到形成均匀的溶液,并用US#100筛过滤组合物(产品密度=1.07g/ml)。注入褐色玻璃瓶中,用一体化的瓶盖/量药滴器组件进行封盖。
将约1.0ml克酏剂滴到舌上,然后吞咽下。氯苯那敏和假麻黄碱被迅速吸收到血液中。
实施例IX
液态酏剂
项目 | 材料 | %组合物(w/w) |
1 | 对乙酰氨基酚(Acetoaminophen) | 27.169 |
2 | 右美沙芬基料 | 1.195 |
3 | 假麻黄碱基料 | 2.671 |
4 | 乙醇(100%) | 10.000 |
5 | 丙二醇 | 51.885 |
6 | 聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮1 | 2.170 |
7 | 三乙醇胺 | 3.740 |
8 | Sucralose | 0.150 |
9 | Pro-甜味剂液体K | 0.700 |
10 | 甘草酸单铵 | 0.050 |
11 | 香精 | 0.015 |
12 | 着色剂 | 0.005 |
13 | 偏亚硫酸氢钠 | 0.050 |
14 | EDTA二钠 | 0.200 |
共 100.000
1.可从BASF Corp购得PVP-K17PF。
将右美沙芬基料和假麻黄碱基料溶解于部分乙醇中得到预混合物。在另一容器中将丙二醇加热至约70℃。一旦所有原料溶解并形成清澈液体,加入对乙酰氨基酚,并继续加热至110-120℃并持续搅拌。一旦溶液澄清就澄清加热装置。冷却至室温。将此混合物加到右美沙芬和假麻黄碱中。再加入液态甜味剂(Pro-甜味剂液体K)和缓冲剂(三乙醇胺)。
混合直至所有原料都溶于溶液中。制备香精和着色剂在残留的乙醇中的预混合物,并将EDTA二钠和偏亚硫酸氢钠加到装有近完成溶液的容器中。让此组合物残留在混合容器中,并敞开在空气中约10分钟。混合直到形成均匀的溶液,并用US#100筛过滤组合物。注入褐色玻璃瓶中,用一体化的瓶盖/量药滴器组件进行封盖。将约1.84克酏剂滴到舌上,然后吞咽下。
实施例X
液态酏剂
项目 | 材料 | %组合物(w/w) |
1 | 乙醇(100%) | 88.334 |
2 | 水 | 10.00 |
3 | 右美沙芬基料 | 1.466 |
4 | 乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA) | 0.10 |
5 | 偏亚硫酸氢钠 | 0.10 |
共 100.000
将右美沙芬基料溶解于部分乙醇中得到预混合物。在另一容器中将EDTA二钠和偏亚硫酸氢钠加入水中并混合均匀。将此混合物加入右美沙芬基料的预混合物中。
混合直至所有原料都溶于溶液中。加入剩下的乙醇。让此组合物残留在混合容器中,并敞开在空气中约10分钟。混合直到形成均匀的溶液,并用US#100筛过滤组合物。注入褐色玻璃瓶中,用一体化的瓶盖/量药滴器组件进行封盖。将约1.84克酏剂滴到舌上,然后吞咽下。
实施例XI
液态酏剂
项目 | 材料 | %组合物(w/w) |
1 | 乙醇(100%) | 84.434 |
2 | 水 | 10.00 |
3 | 右美沙芬基料 | 1.466 |
4 | 乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA) | 0.05 |
5 | 感觉填充物(aesthetics package)1 | 4.000 |
6 | 偏亚硫酸氢钠 | 0.05 |
共 100.000
1.参见上述实施例
将右美沙芬基料溶解于部分乙醇中得到预混合物。在另一容器中将EDTA和偏亚硫酸氢钠溶解于水中。混合均匀并冷却至室温。将此混合物加入右美沙芬基料中。
混合直至所有原料都溶于溶液中。在含有近完成溶液的容器中加入剩下的乙醇、EDTA和感觉填充物。让此组合物残留在混合容器中,并敞开在空气中约10分钟。混合直到形成均匀的溶液,并用US#100筛过滤组合物。注入褐色玻璃瓶中,用一体化的瓶盖/量药滴器组件进行封盖。将约1.5克酏剂滴到舌上,然后吞咽下。
实施例XII
软胶咀嚼胶囊
项目 | 材料 | %组合物(w/w) |
1 | 丙二醇 | 25.572 |
2 | 甘油 | 10.000 |
3 | 右美沙芬基料 | 1.100 |
4 | 对乙酰氨基酚基料 | 32.500 |
5 | 假麻黄碱基料 | 2.458 |
6 | 聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮 | 4.170 |
7 | 感觉填充物1 | 4.000 |
8 | 水 | 10.000 |
9 | 乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)二钠钙 | 0.050 |
10 | 甘油基和聚乙二醇酯2 | 10.00 |
11 | 偏亚硫酸氢钠 | 0.15 |
共 100.000
1.参见上述实施例
2.可从Gattefosse SA.Company of 69804 Saint Priest Credex,France购得Labrasol。
将右美沙芬基料溶解于部分乙醇中得到预混合物。在另一容器中将热水和EDTA二钠钙加热至70℃。加入对乙酰氨基酚,并继续加热至110-120℃且完成搅拌。一旦液体澄清就除去加热装置。冷却至室温。将此混合物加到右美沙芬和假麻黄碱的混合物中,直到混合均匀并冷却至室温。混合直至所有原料都溶于溶液中。在含有近完成溶液的容器中加入剩下的乙醇、聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮、偏亚硫酸氢钠、甘油基和聚乙二醇酯和感觉填充物。让此组合物残留在混合容器中,并敞开在空气中约10分钟。混合直到形成均匀的溶液,并用US#100筛过滤组合物。将上述制剂注入可咀嚼的软胶胶囊。所述的胶囊可以从许多公司购得,如R.P.Scherer.of St.Petersberg,Florida。通过咀嚼胶囊将约1.84克酏剂送入嘴,然后吞咽下。
实施例XIII
软胶咀嚼胶囊
项目 | 材料 | %组合物(w/w) |
1 | 丙二醇 | 74.750 |
2 | 甘油 | 10.000 |
3 | 右美沙芬基料 | 1.100 |
4 | 感觉填充物1 | 4.000 |
5 | 水 | 10.000 |
6 | 乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)二钠钙 | 0.050 |
7 | 偏亚硫酸氢钠 | 0.10 |
共 100.000
1.参见上述实施例
将右美沙芬基料溶解于部分乙醇中得到预混合物。在另一容器中混合水、偏亚硫酸氢钠和EDTA二钠钙直至溶液清澈。将其冷却至室温。加入对右美沙芬。混合均匀并冷却至室温。混合直至所有原料都溶于溶液中。在含有近完成溶液的容器中加入剩下的乙醇和感觉填充物。让此组合物残留在混合容器中,并敞开在空气中约10分钟。混合直到形成均匀的溶液,并用US#100筛过滤组合物。将上述制剂注入可咀嚼的软胶胶囊。所述的胶囊可以从许多公司购得,如R.P.Scherer.of St.Petersberg,Florida。通过咀嚼胶囊将约1.84克酏剂送入嘴,然后吞咽下。
实施例XIV
液态酏剂
项目 | 材料 | %组合物(w/w) |
1 | 右美沙芬基料 | 0.714 |
2 | 丙二醇 | 20.2 |
3 | 乙醇(95%) | 24.3 |
4 | 聚乙二醇1 | 24.3 |
5 | EDTA二钠 | 0.100 |
6 | 香精 | 0.340 |
7 | 着色剂 | 0.034 |
8 | 苯酚 | 2.14 |
9 | 糖精钠 | 0.150 |
10 | 纯水 | 28.922 |
11 | 偏亚硫酸氢钠 | 0.50 |
共 100.000
1可从Union Carbide购得Carbowax 400
边搅拌边将右美沙芬和苯酚加到丙二醇中。边搅拌丙二醇,边加入乙醇、香精和糖精钠。边搅拌边加入10%的磷酸单钠纯水溶液。边搅拌边加入着色剂。在剩下的水中溶解偏亚硫酸氢钠,边加边搅拌至终体积。
实施例XV
液态酏剂
项目 | 材料 | %组合物(w/w) |
1 | 右美沙芬基料 | 0.286 |
2 | 丙二醇 | 20.45 |
3 | 乙醇(95%) | 16.3 |
4 | 聚乙二醇1 | 22.6 |
5 | 磷酸单钠 | 0.240 |
6 | 香精 | 0.004 |
7 | 着色剂 | 0.034 |
8 | 糖精钠 | 0.200 |
9 | EDTA二钠 | 0.1 |
10 | 纯水 | 39.586 |
11 | 偏亚硫酸氢钠 | 0.20 |
共 100.000
1可从Union Carbide购得Carbowax 400
边搅拌边将右美沙芬和苯酚加到丙二醇中。边搅拌边加入丙二醇、乙醇、香精和糖精钠。边搅拌边加入10%的磷酸单钠纯水溶液。边搅拌边加入着色剂。在剩下的水中溶解偏亚硫酸氢钠,边加边搅拌至终体积。
实施例XVI
口服用的液体
项目 | 材料 | %组合物(w/w) |
1 | 右美沙芬基料 | 1.47 |
2 | 泊洛沙姆1 | 33.56 |
3 | 乙醇 | 10.51 |
4 | 糖精钠 | 0.3 |
5 | 甘草酸单胺 | 0.05 |
6 | 香精 | 1.40 |
7 | 水 | 13.42 |
8 | 偏亚硫酸氢钠 | 0.1 |
9 | EDTA二钠 | 0.1 |
10 | 丙二醇 | 39.09 |
共 100.000
1可从BASF Specialty Chemicals,Mount Olive,N.J.购得泊洛沙姆(普流罗尼F127)。
制备:
将丙二醇和泊洛沙姆加到干净的容器中(主要混合物)。搅拌时,适当加热使泊洛沙姆完全融化。一旦得到均匀的溶液,即移去热源并继续搅拌。在另一容器中加入乙醇(乙醇预混合物)、右美沙芬基料和甘草酸单胺,并混合均匀。在另一容器(水预混合物)中加入水、EDTA、糖精钠、乙酰舒泛和偏亚硫酸氢钠。混合直到所有原料都溶解。
将含有乙醇的预混合物加到含有泊洛沙姆的主混合物中。混合均匀。搅拌时,将含有水的预混合物加到主混合物容器中,并继续搅拌直到均匀。随后,加入所需的香精成分并混合均匀。用合适的装置将约1.5gm液体送入嘴中。
实施例XVII:
治疗咳嗽的液体
项目 | 材料 | %组合物(w/w) |
1 | 右美沙芬基料 | 1.465 |
2 | 愈创木酚甘油醚 | 20.00 |
3 | 偏亚硫酸氢钠 | 0.10 |
4 | EDTA二钠 | 0.10 |
5 | 糖精钠 | 0.40 |
6 | 甘草酸单钠 | 0.15 |
7 | 乙酰舒泛 | 0.50 |
8 | 乙醇 | 10.5l |
9 | 水 | 24.61 |
10 | 丙二醇 | 10.95 |
11 | 泊洛沙姆1 | 29.08 |
12 | 香精 | 1.40 |
共 100.000
1可从BASF Specialty Chemicals,Mount Olive,N.J.购得泊洛沙姆(普流罗尼F127)。
制备:
将丙二醇和泊洛沙姆加到干净的容器中(主要混合物)。搅拌时,适当加热使泊洛沙姆完全融化。一旦得到均匀的溶液,即移去热源并继续搅拌。在另一容器中加入乙醇(乙醇预混合物)、愈创木酚甘油醚、右美沙芬基料和甘草酸单胺,并混合均匀。在另一容器(水预混合物)中加入水、EDTA、糖精钠、乙酰舒泛和偏亚硫酸氢钠。混合直到所有原料都溶解。
将含有乙醇的预混合物加到含有泊洛沙姆的主混合物中。混合均匀。搅拌时,将含有水的预混合物加到主混合物容器中,并继续搅拌直到均匀。随后,加入所需的香精成分并混合均匀。用合适的装置将约1gm液体送入嘴中。
实施例XVIII:
口服用的液体
项目 | 材料 | %组合物(w/w) |
1 | 右美沙芬基料 | 2.20 |
2 | 偏亚硫酸氢钠 | 0.10 |
3 | EDTA二钠 | 0.10 |
4 | 糖精钠 | 0.40 |
5 | 甘草酸单钠 | 0.15 |
6 | 乙酰舒泛 | 0.50 |
7 | 香精 | 1.40 |
8 | 假麻黄碱盐酸盐 | 6.00 |
9 | 泊洛沙姆1 | 34.5 |
10 | 丙二醇 | 30.72 |
11 | 乙醇 | 10.51 |
12 | 水 | 13.42 |
共 100.000
1可从BASF Specialty Chemicals,Mount Olive,N.J.购得泊洛沙姆(普流罗尼F127)。
制备:
将丙二醇和泊洛沙姆加到干净的容器中(主要混合物)。搅拌时,适当加热使泊洛沙姆完全融化。一旦得到均匀的溶液,即移去热源并继续搅拌。在另一容器中加入乙醇(乙醇预混合物)、右美沙芬基料和甘草酸单胺,并混合均匀。在另一容器(水的预混合物)中加入水、假麻黄碱盐酸盐、EDTA、糖精钠、乙酰舒泛和偏亚硫酸氢钠。混合直到所有原料都溶解。
将含有乙醇的预混合物加到含有泊洛沙姆的主混合物中。混合均匀。搅拌时,将含有水的预混合物加到主混合物容器中,并继续搅拌直到均匀。随后,加入所需的香精成分并混合均匀。用合适的装置将约1gm液体送入嘴中。
实施例XIX:
液态酏剂
项目 | 材料 | %组合物(w/w) |
1 | 乙醇(100%) | 88.334 |
2 | 水 | 10.00 |
3 | 右美沙芬基料 | 1.466 |
4 | 乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA) | 0.10 |
5 | 偏亚硫酸氢钠 | 0.10 |
共 100.000
将右美沙芬基料在在乙醇中溶解,得到预混合物。在另一容器中,将EDTA二钠和偏亚硫酸氢钠加入水中并混合均匀。在此混合物中加入右美沙芬碱预混合物。
混合直到所有原料都溶解于水中。加到所需的乙醇溶液中。让组合物留在混合容器中,敞开于空气中约10分钟。混合直到均匀,用US#100筛过滤。注入褐色玻璃瓶中,用一体化的瓶盖/量药滴器组件进行封盖。将约1.00克酏剂滴到舌上,然后吞咽下或用各种剂量体积适当地给药。
Claims (17)
1.一种稳定性改善的液体组合物,较佳地是口服组合物,其特征在于,所述的组合物包含药物活性成分、溶解所述活性成分的溶剂和鳌合剂,所述的鳌合剂存在于与含有所述活性成分的组合物相不同的组合物相中。
2.一种稳定性改善的液体组合物,较佳地是口服组合物,其特征在于,所述的组合物包含药物活性成分、溶解所述活性成分的溶剂、鳌合剂和还原剂,所述的还原剂的电极电势值E0大于约-0.119V,较佳地约为-0.119V到+0.250V。
3.一种稳定性改善的液体组合物,较佳地是口服组合物,其特征在于,所述的组合物包含药物活性成分、溶解所述活性成分的溶剂、鳌合剂和还原剂,所述的鳌合剂存在于与含有所述活性成分的组合物相不同的组合物相中,所述的还原剂的电极电势值E0大于约-0.119V,较佳地约为-0.119V到+0.250V。
4.如权利要求1、2、3任一所述的组合物,其特征在于,所述的鳌合剂和还原剂在pH5-10的范围以及在水性及非水性溶剂组合物中都是活性的。
5.如权利要求1-4任一所述的组合物,其特征在于,所述的鳌合剂选自:乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)二钠盐和钙盐、EDTA四钠、六偏磷酸钠(SHMP)、柠檬酸、磷酸、二(羟乙基)甘氨酸、8-羟基喹啉和它们的混合物,较佳地是乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)的钙盐或钠盐。
6.如权利要求1-5任一所述的组合物,其特征在于,所述的鳌合剂的水平为组合物重量的0.005%到1.000%,较佳地为组合物重量的0.050%到0.150%,更佳地为组合物重量的0.300%到0.010%。
7.如权利要求2所述的组合物,其特征在于,所述的还原剂选自:偏亚硫酸氢盐和亚硫酸氢盐,包括它们的钠盐和钾盐;二硫苏糖醇;硫脲;硫代硫酸钠;巯基乙酸;叔丁基氢醌(TBHQ);乙酰基半胱氨酸;氢醌和它们的混合物,较佳地为偏亚硫酸氢钠和偏亚硫酸氢钾。
8.如权利要求7所述的组合物,其特征在于,所述的还原剂为组合物重量的0.005%到1.000%,较佳地为组合物重量的0.050%到0.500%,更佳地为组合物重量的0.010%到0.200%。
9.如权利要求1-8任一所述的组合物,其特征在于,所述的组合物含有在亲水、可与水混合的、无水溶剂中的药用活性成分,其中成非电离形式的药用活性成分在室温在溶剂中的百分比溶解度值等于或大于0.075%,且所述的药用活性成分是以其游离的非电离形式作为单分子分散体分散于所述溶剂和所述的水中的。
10.如权利要求1-9任一所述的组合物,其特征在于,所述的药用活性成分的分子量小于每摩尔500克,且在水性溶剂中可以电离,当为非电离形式时,其辛醇-水的分配系数至少为100。
11.如权利要求1-10任一所述的组合物,其特征在于,所述的药用活性成分选自:镇咳药、抗组胺剂、非镇静性抗组胺剂、减充血剂、祛痰剂、镇痛剂、粘液溶解药、解热药、消炎剂、局部麻醉药以及它们的混合物。
12.如权利要求1-11任一所述的组合物,其特征在于,在所述溶剂中所述的药用活性成分的浓度小于或等于125%所述的活性成分的百分比溶解度值。
13.如权利要求1-12任一所述的组合物,其特征在于,在所述溶剂中所述的药用活性成分的水平为组合物重量的0.075%到25.0%,较佳地为0.28%到10.0%。
14.如权利要求1-13任一所述的组合物,其特征在于,所述的溶剂组成约60%到99.975%组合物重量,较佳地约为70%到99%组合物重量,更佳地为85%到98%组合物重量。
15.如权利要求1-14任一所述的组合物,其特征在于,所述的溶剂是亲水的、可与水混合的和无水的,选自:丙二醇、乙醇、聚乙二醇即EPG、碳酸丙二醇酯、二乙二醇单乙醚、泊洛沙姆、甘糠醛、甘油、聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮(PVP)、2-(2-乙氧基乙氧基)乙醇、脂肪酸酯和丙二醇、甘油基和聚乙二醇酯、丙二醇单辛酸酯和它们的混合物。
16.一种制备权利要求1、2、3任一所述的组合物的方法,其特征在于,通过口服给予总剂量体积不大于3.0ml的所述组合物,用所述方法的组合物来治疗呼吸道疾病。
17.如权利要求16所述的方法,其特征在于,将所述的组合物置于口腔的任何粘膜上。
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CA2385990A1 (en) | 2001-04-05 |
AU770376B2 (en) | 2004-02-19 |
CZ2002947A3 (cs) | 2002-08-14 |
AU7986500A (en) | 2001-04-30 |
HUP0202797A3 (en) | 2004-05-28 |
EP1216044A1 (en) | 2002-06-26 |
BR0014441A (pt) | 2002-06-11 |
PE20010627A1 (es) | 2001-06-14 |
MXPA02003312A (es) | 2002-10-04 |
WO2001022967A1 (en) | 2001-04-05 |
CO5210868A1 (es) | 2002-10-30 |
HUP0202797A2 (hu) | 2003-01-28 |
CN1211085C (zh) | 2005-07-20 |
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