CN1364002A - Passive wireless ASW muti-sensor system and its frequency-division recognition method - Google Patents
Passive wireless ASW muti-sensor system and its frequency-division recognition method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to multi-sensing system of passive wireless acoustic surface wave and recognition method of frequency division used in the system. Multi resonators of acoustic surface wave with their resonant frequency being distributed at different resonance point are as multi sensors. Reception and treatment of the signal are as follows: an adjustable local oscillation controlled by computer program is connected to power amplifier through receiving and transmitting switches, sending a query signal: passing antenna, receiving and transmitting switches, radio frequency amplifier, band-pass filter, A/D converter, the echo wave of said query signal enters computer. Since the query signal with different frequencies being produced by local oscillation controlled by computer program, and the sensing signals being produced by multi resonators for acoustic surface wave, thus only one system can recognize and query more signals sensed in a monitored environment.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the surface acoustic wave field of sensing technologies, be specifically related to the passive many or sensor array that above SAW (Surface Acoustic Wave) resonator of a kind of usefulness (comprising dual-port and single port resonator) realizes, and be used for the instrument system that a plurality of (array) transducing signal was obtained, handled in wireless signal inquiry and noncontact, and the frequency division that this system adopted is discerned the method for a plurality of transducers.
Technical background
From the eighties of last century the eighties, countries such as U.S., moral, day have carried out the research to the passive wireless acoustic surface wave transducer, in patent of having delivered and technical literature, have reported and have adopted surface acoustic wave device to realize the whole bag of tricks of passive sensor.Because SAW (Surface Acoustic Wave) resonator has the higher quality factor (Q value) that gets than the surface acoustic wave device of other type, is particularly suitable for the passive and wireless Application in Sensing.For example technical literature 1, Reindl Leonhard, Scholl Gerd, Ostertag Thomas etc., " the passive sonic surface wave transponder is as the theory and the method for transducer "/IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, andFrequency Control/1998,45 (5): 1281-1291; Document 2, A.Pohl, G.Ostermayer and F.Seifer, " with the wireless sensing of the long-range high value SAW (Surface Acoustic Wave) resonator of pierce circuit locking "/IEEE Trans.UFFC/vol.45, no.5, pp.1161-1168,1998; Document 3, A.Springer, R.Weigel, A.Pholand F.Seifert, " with the wireless identification and the sensing of SAW (Surface Acoustic Wave) device "/Mechatronics/1999, the above-mentioned document of No.9pp745-756. have introduced the technology of SAW (Surface Acoustic Wave) resonator as the passive and wireless transducer that adopt.Fig. 1 is the typical instrument system principle diagram of reporting in these documents that is used for the inquiry of Passive Wireless SAW Sensors signal, receives and handle.The characteristics that this system constitutes are: the frequency that is used to produce the local oscillator of request signal in use is unregulated, and it is fixed on and be used as on the interior Frequency point of the resonant frequency scope of transducer.A characteristic feature of prior art is exactly only to comprise the single SAW (Surface Acoustic Wave) resonator as transducer in the sensing system.If use a plurality of this passive wireless acoustic surface wave resonator-type transducers, must use a plurality of signal inquiries, receiving element.So this method is not suitable for multisensor, sensor array application.This circuit system complex structure, control flexibility relatively poor.
SAW (Surface Acoustic Wave) resonator is mainly caused the variation of resonator natural resonance frequency as transducer by the sensing amount.At technical literature Pohl Alfred, Ostermayer Gerald, Seifert Franz, " with the wireless sensing of the long-range high value SAW (Surface Acoustic Wave) resonator of pierce circuit locking "/IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control/1998,45 (5): among the 1261-1268, adopt gate phase-locked loop detection technique, the frequency of oscillation of echo-signal is extracted in locking, and obtains corresponding heat transfer agent thus.This circuit system complexity be difficult to debugging and control, and closed-loop bandwidth is narrow, can not be applied to the desired broadband control of multisensor and sensor array.
In order to be identified in each sensing unit or the transducer in multisensor or the sensor array, technology existing and that openly report for work mainly is to adopt the encoder type SAW (Surface Acoustic Wave) device.For example Siemens is at the patent of invention (application number: 97117768.6) adopt the pulse interval coding of China's application.United States Patent (USP) adopts the passive sonic surface wave concentrator marker (" adopting the passive sonic surface wave announcer of linear frequency modulation transducer " Patent Number:5469170, Nov., 21,1995) of linear frequency modulation transducer to adopt surface acoustic wave linear frequency modulation encoder.The realization of these sensing systems can be adopted the signal inquiry similar with Fig. 1, receive collecting unit.When wherein adopting the linear frequency modulation coding, the local oscillator among Fig. 1 must be a swept signal source.Instrument system is used traditional Radar Technology, adopts the heterodyne receiver structure, obtains a plurality of tested parameters or target identities identification and heat transfer agent by the extraction to echo signal amplitude, phase information.
The objective of the invention is to solve the problems referred to above that prior art exists, the passive many or sensor array that provides above SAW (Surface Acoustic Wave) resonator of a kind of usefulness (comprising dual-port and single port resonator) to realize, and be used for the instrument system that a plurality of (array) transducing signal was obtained, handled in wireless signal inquiry and noncontact, and the frequency division recognition methods that this system adopted.
Summary of the invention
General plotting of the present invention is: will be connected with antenna as the passive sonic surface wave resonator of transducer, perhaps be connected with antenna through the passive impedance matching network, directly from the request signal of wireless transmission, obtain energy, and return the radiofrequency signal of carrying heat transfer agent.Transducer itself does not comprise active device, need not power supply (AC and DC power supply, battery etc.) power supply.This transducer can be used for physical parameters such as sensing temperature, stress, strain, flow, also can be by on senser (SAW (Surface Acoustic Wave) resonator) substrate, covering optionally to the acoustic surface wave propagation path, chemisorbed film, biomembrane come the corresponding chemical parameters of sensing, biological parameter.The sensor apparatus system method of frequency identification, can inquire about and obtain the transducing signal of several this sensers in same monitoring of environmental with same instrument system, obtain transducing signal through signal condition, analog-to-digital conversion, and obtain the output of phase inductive sensing parameter with Digital Signal Processing.The resonance frequency that is used as the resonator of senser in same sensor-based system is distributed on the different Frequency points, and the spacing of these Frequency points is made the maximum variable quantity of time spent resonance frequency greater than each resonator being subjected to physics, chemistry, biology etc. by the sensing parameter.
The specific implementation of this instrument system comprises transducing part A and signal inquiry, receives and gather and processing section B, referring to Fig. 2 and Fig. 3.It is distributed in SAW (Surface Acoustic Wave) resonator on the different Frequency points as a plurality of transducers with a plurality of resonance frequencys at transducing part, is placed on same or different locus, and each transducer is used to measure identical or different from the sensing amount.These resonators can be discrete components independently, promptly on different piezoelectric substrates, and the element of individual packages; Also can be on same piezoelectric substrate, the subregion makes the resonator array with different resonance frequencys.Each transducer (perhaps sensing unit) comprises a resonator (resonator element) and common antenna, and the input of resonator, output and antenna directly are connected, as shown in Figure 2.Perhaps be connected with antenna, as shown in Figure 3 by the passive impedance matching element.The input/output port of resonator also can be all or part links together, and is connected with one or more antenna, perhaps passes through the passive impedance matching element and is connected with one or more antenna.
The formation of the signal inquiry of this instrument system, reception collection and processing section wherein comprises an adjustable local oscillator LCO as shown in Figure 4, for frequency can be by the variable frequency oscillation source of computer programming control.This is adjustable, and local oscillator LCO connects power amplifier PA and reception, transmit button K and antenna, send request signal, the echo of request signal is through antenna, and reception, transmit button and radio frequency amplifier RA tap into computer CPU behind connecting band bandpass filter BP and the A/D converter successively.Native system can produce the request signal of different frequencies of oscillation by computer control, and in sensor side, the resonator that has only frequency response range to comprise the request signal frequency just has response output.Therefore, each transducer in many (array) transducer is by the unique identification of sensor apparatus system.
The another kind of version of this part as shown in Figure 5, at the echo of request signal behind antenna, reception, transmit button K and radio frequency amplifier RA, also connect fixedly a local oscillator LCO1 and a frequency mixer, connect low pass filter LP, low frequency amplifier, A/D converter more successively, at last to inserting computer CPU.The sensing response signal that receives so also can carry out digitlization again with one fixedly after the local oscillator mixing down-conversion.
Be used for this sensing system signal inquiry, receive gather and the best version of processing section as shown in Figure 6.Comprise fixedly local oscillator of an adjustable local oscillator and in this instrument system, promptly fixedly local oscillator is the fixed frequency oscillation source, as the fixedly local oscillator LCO1 among Fig. 6, another can be by the variable frequency oscillation source of computer programming control, as the adjustable local oscillator LCO2 among Fig. 6 for frequency.So just can produce the request signal of different frequencies of oscillation by computer control, and in sensor side, the resonator that has only frequency response range to comprise the request signal frequency just there is response output.Therefore, each transducer in many, the sensor array is by the unique identification of sensor apparatus system.Simultaneously, after surface acoustic wave sensor is received the echo of wireless request signal, through and fixedly local oscillator LCO1 mixing, by low pass filter LP, realized down-conversion, made and to gather sensing data with low sampling rate, calculated corresponding sensing value by Computer Processing.
Native system can also replace analog/digital converter A/D to realize the digitlization of transducing signal with the shaping circuit sum counter, shows as Fig. 7.The signal that promptly receives through mixing, band is logical or low-pass filtering, amplification after, be input to shaping circuit, the output of generation is as the input of timing, counter circuit, perhaps as clock signal, perhaps as gate-control signal, the output of counter is input to computer CPU.
Above-mentioned computer is meant the various computer systems that adopt CPU or microprocessor chip to realize, comprises personal computer (PC), Single Chip Microcomputer (SCM) system, dsp system.
The step of the frequency division recognition methods that this instrument system adopted is as follows:
1. determine to be used as the SAW (Surface Acoustic Wave) resonator number of transducer (sensing unit) in many (array) sensing system, and guarantee the working band zero lap of each resonator;
2. according to selected transducer (sensing unit number) and working band scope, determine the frequency range of adjustable local oscillator in the instrument.The frequency range of adjustable local oscillator is that lowest operating frequency from all resonators is to maximum operating frequency at least.
During 3 inquiry transducing signals, computer is according to the working band of each resonator in the system, and control can be regulated local oscillator.In a polling cycle, the frequency of the request signal that control produces is in system in the working band of a resonator.In Fig. 4, system shown in Figure 5, the frequency of request signal is exactly the frequency of adjustable local oscillator; In system shown in Figure 6, the fixing frequency sum of local oscillator and adjustable local oscillator exactly.In the receiving cycle of correspondence, the echo-signal that receives covers the resonator of this frequency from working band.
4 in next polling cycle, can keep launching the request signal of this frequency, remains this transducer so and produces response; Also can control and produce new frequency request signal, this frequency is in system in another resonator works frequency band, so the new transducer of gating.
5 computers can be in a plurality of polling cycles, and order produces the request signal of different frequency, obtain the sensing response of all the sensors in multisensor or the sensor array; Also several polling cycles continuously only produce the request signal of same frequency, obtain the sensing response of a transducer.
Advantage of the present invention is: the signal inquiry of the Passive Wireless SAW Sensors that the present invention provides, collection, process instrumentation system, adopt the frequency of computer programming control local oscillation signal, produce the request signal of different frequencies of oscillation, the transducing signal of the above SAW (Surface Acoustic Wave) resonator transducer (sensing unit) in same monitoring of environmental be can discern, inquire about and obtain with same instrument system, passive and wireless multisensor, sensor array realized with the method for frequency division identification.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the typical instrument system principle diagram that prior art is used for the inquiry of Passive Wireless SAW Sensors signal, receives and handle;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation that each transducer of transducing part of this instrument system links to each other with common antenna;
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of a plurality of transducers of the transducing part of this instrument system and shared common antenna;
Fig. 4, Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 are the schematic diagrams of signal inquiry, reception collection and the three kinds of implementations in processing section of this instrument system;
Fig. 7 is that the digitized another kind of implementation schematic diagram of transducing signal in collection and the processing section is inquired about, received to the signal of this instrument system.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1: the SAW (Surface Acoustic Wave) resonator that distributes with spatial spreading realizes passive and wireless multi-point temp sensing.
Select for use resonance frequency be distributed in amateur radio band 430MHz to the SAW (Surface Acoustic Wave) resonator of 440MHz as temperature-sensing element (device).If measuring temperature changes between-10 ℃-200 ℃, the resonance frequency that will cause resonator at 300KHz with interior variation, therefore in this frequency separation, can adopt 30 SAW (Surface Acoustic Wave) resonator as senser altogether, the port of each resonator is connected with antenna by matching network, as Fig. 2 and shown in Figure 6.In this instrument system, fixedly to select resonance frequency for use be the quartz-crystal resonator of 429.70MHz to local oscillator LCO1, adjustable local oscillator LCO2 is a numerical frequency source, select NI5401 16MHz pci interface function generator for use, insert in the PIII600 personal computer, the sine wave freuqency of its output is adjustable continuously in 0 to 16MHz, and actual is arrived the 10MHz range regulation 0.A/D converter is selected NI5102 20Ms/sPCI interface digitizer for use, inserts in the above-mentioned personal computer.The passband of band pass filter BP is that 430430MHz is to 440MHz; The passband of low pass filter LP is 0 to 10MHz.Power amplifier PA selects Max2601 DC-1GHZ+30dbm power amplifier for use, and switch is selected the two switches of putting of 0-500MHz hilted broadsword for use, and radio frequency is put device RA and selected Max2650 DC-microwave section low noise amplifier for use.
Embodiment 2: the surface acoustic wave sensor array of wireless inquiry
On same piezoelectric substrate, the subregion makes the resonator with different resonance frequencys.These resonance frequencys have certain frequency interval each other.The port of all these resonators with link to each other with common antenna.The instrument system of this sensor array constitutes as Fig. 3 and shown in Figure 6, and wherein fixedly the frequency of oscillation of local oscillator LCO1 is chosen as greater than (perhaps less than) all resonant frequencies.Adjustable local oscillator LCO2 is the numerical frequency source of a frequency adjustable.
Claims (8)
1. passive wireless acoustic surface wave multisensor syste, it is characterized in that adopting the frequency of computer programming control local oscillation signal, produce the request signal of different frequencies of oscillation, with the identification of same instrument system, inquire about and obtain the above SAW (Surface Acoustic Wave) resonator transducer in same monitoring of environmental or the transducing signal of sensing unit.
2. passive wireless acoustic surface wave multisensor syste according to claim 1, the transducing part that it is characterized in that it has a plurality of resonance frequencys to be distributed in SAW (Surface Acoustic Wave) resonator on the different Frequency points as a plurality of transducers, be placed on same or different locus, the input/output port of each surface resonance device links to each other with common antenna, perhaps is connected with antenna by passive impedance coupling device; Its signal inquiry, reception collection and processing section are by frequency adjustable local oscillator of computer programming control, local oscillator that this is adjustable connects power amplifier, send request signal through reception, transmit button and antenna, the echo of request signal is through antenna, and reception, transmit button and radio frequency amplifier tap into computer behind connecting band bandpass filter and the A/D converter successively.
3. passive wireless acoustic surface wave multisensor syste according to claim 2, the echo that it is characterized in that request signal passes through antenna, behind reception, transmit button and the radio frequency amplifier, also connect fixedly a local oscillator and a frequency mixer, connect low pass filter, amplifier, A/D converter more successively, at last to inserting computer.
4. passive wireless acoustic surface wave multisensor syste according to claim 3 is characterized in that also being connected to a frequency mixer at adjustable local oscillator output, and fixedly local oscillator is connected between two frequency mixers.
5. according to claim 2,3 or 4 described passive wireless acoustic surface wave multisensor systes, it is characterized in that described A/D converter is replaced by the shaping circuit sum counter, the output that shaping circuit produces is as the input of timing, counter circuit, perhaps as clock signal, perhaps as gate-control signal, the output of counter is connected to computer at last.
6. according to claim 2,3 or 4 described passive wireless acoustic surface wave multisensor systes, it is characterized in that these resonators can be discrete components independently, promptly on different piezoelectric substrates, the element of individual packages; Also can be on same piezoelectric substrate, the subregion makes the resonator array with different resonance frequencys.
7. passive wireless acoustic surface wave multisensor syste according to claim 6, the input/output port that it is characterized in that resonator that transducing part also can be all or part links together, be connected with one or more antenna, perhaps be connected with one or more antenna by the passive impedance matching element.
8. according to claim 1,2,3,4, any frequency identification method that described sensing system adopted of 7, it is characterized in that step is as follows:
(1) determines to be used as the SAW (Surface Acoustic Wave) resonator number of transducer or sensing unit in many, the array sensor system, and guarantee the working band zero lap of each resonator;
(2), determine the frequency range of adjustable local oscillator in the instrument according to selected transducer or sensing unit number and working band scope; The frequency range of adjustable local oscillator is that lowest operating frequency from all resonators is to maximum operating frequency at least;
(3) when the inquiry transducing signal, computer is according to the working band of each resonator in the system, and control can be regulated local oscillator; In a polling cycle, the frequency of the request signal that control produces is in system in the working band of a resonator; In the receiving cycle of correspondence, the echo-signal that receives covers the resonator of this frequency from working band;
(4) in next polling cycle, can keep launching the request signal of this frequency, remain this transducer so and produce response; Also can control and produce new frequency request signal, this frequency is in system in another resonator works frequency band, so the new transducer of gating;
(5) computer can be in a plurality of polling cycles, and order produces the request signal of different frequency, obtain the sensing response of all the sensors in multisensor or the sensor array; Also several polling cycles continuously only produce the request signal of same frequency, obtain the sensing response of a transducer.
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