CN1362538A - 用于印刷电路板的镀铬的铜的形成方法 - Google Patents
用于印刷电路板的镀铬的铜的形成方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1362538A CN1362538A CN01123535A CN01123535A CN1362538A CN 1362538 A CN1362538 A CN 1362538A CN 01123535 A CN01123535 A CN 01123535A CN 01123535 A CN01123535 A CN 01123535A CN 1362538 A CN1362538 A CN 1362538A
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- copper foil
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- chromium
- nickel
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- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 159
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 title claims description 58
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 56
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 38
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 title claims description 31
- 239000011889 copper foil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 104
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trioxochromium Chemical compound O=[Cr](=O)=O WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 57
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 53
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 52
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 38
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 36
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021357 chromium silicide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000480 nickel oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxonickel Chemical compound [Ni]=O GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- BPUBBGLMJRNUCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);tantalum(5+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Ta+5].[Ta+5] BPUBBGLMJRNUCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- MZLGASXMSKOWSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum nitride Chemical compound [Ta]#N MZLGASXMSKOWSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001936 tantalum oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 abstract description 11
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 229910000423 chromium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 80
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 27
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 27
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 26
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 21
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 15
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 14
- 238000001771 vacuum deposition Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 8
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 238000002203 pretreatment Methods 0.000 description 5
- QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper oxide Chemical compound [Cu]=O QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910001430 chromium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910000599 Cr alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229960004643 cupric oxide Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 238000004070 electrodeposition Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000005751 Copper oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001374 Invar Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000990 Ni alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000676 Si alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000431 copper oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005137 deposition process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000313 electron-beam-induced deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007733 ion plating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 2
- NJPPVKZQTLUDBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N novaluron Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C(OC(F)(F)C(OC(F)(F)F)F)=CC=C1NC(=O)NC(=O)C1=C(F)C=CC=C1F NJPPVKZQTLUDBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002207 thermal evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JPVYNHNXODAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cu2+ Chemical compound [Cu+2] JPVYNHNXODAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- -1 as ZnSO 4 Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001431 copper ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001465 metallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001453 nickel ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PEUPIGGLJVUNEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel silicon Chemical compound [Si].[Ni] PEUPIGGLJVUNEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003751 zinc Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
一种片材,由处理后在其上具有稳定层的铜箔构成。该稳定层由氧化锌、氧化铬或其组合构成,具有5-70A的厚度。在稳定层上提供汽相淀积的电阻性材料。
Description
发明领域
本发明涉及处理铜的工艺,更具体地说,涉及在铜箔的至少一个侧面上镀覆金属的工艺。
发明背景
铜箔用于印刷电路板的制造。在印刷电路板的制造中,通常需要将铜箔粘接到介质基片上,以提供具有尺寸和结构稳定性的箔。尽管铜箔是良好的电导体,但在铜箔的使用中存在一些固有的问题。例如,铜很容易氧化和腐蚀,并且铜本身,不管是平板状的还是卷饶的,都不能很好地粘接到这种基片上。还知道铜加速或催化介质基片的分解。由于这些原因,通常销售的铜箔表面带有一个或多个保护层。
已知淀积在铜箔上的薄铬层大量应用于印刷电路板。有两种方法在铜表面淀积薄铬层,一个是电沉积工艺,另一个是真空淀积工艺。
电沉积工艺有几个不利的方面。首先,该工艺需用对环境有害的材料,该材料很难和要花很大的代价来处理和处置。此外,这种工艺不精密,效率也不高。
关于真空淀积工艺,为了保证镀覆的铬和铜之间满意的附着,需要对铜进行彻底的和严格的预处理,以便在真空淀积铬之前从铜的表面除去氧化铜。
本发明克服了这些和其它的问题,并提供了一种不需要彻底严格的预处理工艺,就能通过真空淀积工艺形成镀覆了金属的铜的方法。
发明概述
根据本发明,提供有一种在铜层上镀覆电阻性材料的方法,包括步骤:
通过在铜层表面镀覆稳定层来稳定铜层的表面,所述稳定层由氧化锌、氧化铬、镍、氧化镍或其组合构成,并具有大约5-70的厚度;和
在所述铜层的稳定表面上汽相淀积导电的电阻性材料。
根据本发明的另一方面,提供有一种片材,由反处理铜箔(reverse treated copper foil)构成,该反处理铜箔具有不光滑面和进行了处理在其上形成了微瘤(micronodule)的光亮面。在铜箔的处理了的光亮面上设置有稳定层。该稳定层由氧化锌、氧化铬或其组合构成,并具有大约5-70的厚度。在所述稳定层上淀积有汽相淀积的电阻性材料。
本发明的目的之一是提供一种用于制造印刷电路板的镀铬的铜层。
本发明的另一个目的是提供一种通过真空淀积工艺形成如上所属镀铬铜层的方法,所述工艺在淀积铬之前不需要对铜表面进行彻底、严格的预清洗。
本发明的再一个目的是提供一种在铜表面上真空淀积金属的方法。
本发明的再一个目的是提供如上所述的、总的、连续的工艺。
本发明的又一个目的是提供一种其上具有电阻性材料层的铜部件,由于制造印刷电路板。
从下面结合附图和附加的权利要求对最佳实施例的描述,本发明的上述和其他目的将变得一目了然。
附图说明
在某些部件和部件的排列中,本发明可以采用物理形式,在说明书中将详细描述和在附图中说明本发明的最佳实施例。在附图中:
图1是根据本发明,在铜箔表面上镀覆金属的工艺示意图;
图2是沿图1的2-2线得到的扩大的截面图,显示了铜箔片;
图3是沿图1的3-3线得到的扩大的截面图,显示了图2的其上具有稳定层的铜箔片;
图4沿图1的3-3线得到的扩大的截面图,显示了在其不光滑面上具有汽相淀积金属的铜片;
图5是反处理铜箔片的放大的截面图,在其光亮面上具有微瘤;
图6是图5所示的在其相对的表面上带有稳定层的铜箔的扩大的截面;
图7是图6所示的在其不光滑面上带有汽相淀积电阻层的铜箔的扩大的截面;
图8是由图7所示的电阻箔形成的电阻元件的顶透视图;
图9是对于两个电阻合金,片阻与厚度的关系图;
图10反处理铜箔的扩大的截面图,在其光亮面上具有微瘤,在微瘤上汽相淀积电阻层;
图11是传统的电沉积(electroform)的铜箔片的扩大截面图,在其光亮面上具有汽相淀积电阻层;
图12是传统铜箔片的不光滑面的扩大的截面图,该不光滑面上具有微瘤,在微瘤上汽相淀积电阻层;和
图12A是图12的区域12A的扩大图。
最佳实施例的详细描述
本发明涉及在铜的表面镀覆金属的工艺,这里所用的术语“金属”是指通过本文所公开的方法能够进行真空淀积的金属和合金。本发明特别适用于在铜箔上镀铬,并用其作为特例来描述本发明,然而应当理解所公开的方法也可以用于在铜箔上镀覆金属如铝、镍、铜、铁、铟、锌、钽、锡、钒、钨、锆、钼及其合金。
本发明所用的铜箔可以采用两种工艺制造。通过例如轧制工艺,用机械方法减小铜或铜合金带或锭的厚度来制造锻制的或轧制的铜箔。通过在旋转的阴极筒上电化学沉积铜离子,然后从阴极上剥离所淀积的箔来制造电镀箔。本发明用电镀铜箔更有利。
铜箔一般具有大约0.0002英寸到大约0.02英寸的标称厚度。铜箔的厚度有时用铜箔的重量表示,一般本发明的箔具有从大约1/8到大约14盎司每平方英尺(oz/ft2)的重量或厚度。特别适用的铜箔是那些具有1/3、1/2、1或2 oz/ft2重量的铜箔。
电镀的铜箔具有光滑或光亮(筒)面和粗糙或不光滑面(铜淀积生长的表面)。通过本发明的工艺镀覆的稳定层可以加到箔的任何一面,有时加到两面上。在一个实施例中,通过本发明的工艺镀覆的层加到箔的光亮一面。
在其表面覆盖了通过本发明的工艺镀覆的层的箔可以是“标准轮廓表面”、“低轮廓表面”或“非常低的轮廓表面”。实用的例子包含用具有低页面或非常低的页面的箔。这里所用的术语“标准页面”是指Rtm(IPC-MF-150F)大于10.2微米的箔表面。术语“低页面”是指Rtm(IPC-MF-150F)小于10.2微米的箔表面,“非常低的页面”是指Rtm(IPC-MF-150F)小于5.1微米的箔表面。Rtm(IPC-MF-150F)是从每五个连续采样测量结果得出的最大峰-谷垂直测量结果的平均值,可以利用英国累斯特城Rank Taylor Hobson公司出售的SURTRONIC3轮廓仪来测定。
本领域技术人员应理解,本发明并不只是应用于在其表面具有稳定层的铜箔,还应用于已经淀积或粘接到其它的基片上、以及在淀积之后或粘接到其它基片之前或之后在其表面加了稳定层的铜层。这种基片包含(但并不限于)聚酰亚胺(见美国专利Nos.5,685,970和5,681,443,这里引入作为参考)、其它的聚合基片、有机基片、铝(见美国专利No.5,153,050,这里引入作为参考)、金属基片(见美国专利No.5,674,596,这里引入作为参考)或铜和INVAR的叠层。
现在参考附图,其中附图只是为了说明本发明的最佳实施例,并不是限制必须一样,图1是用于在铜表面镀覆金属的总的制造工艺10的示意图,说明本发明的最佳实施例。在所示的实施例中,卷11提供了普通的连续铜箔带12。图2是放大的铜箔12的截面图。铜箔12具有光亮面14和粗糙面16。(在图中,为了说明,夸张地示出了铜箔12的粗糙面16)。
铜箔12最好经过第一清洗工序,图中用20表示,以清除其表面上的氧化物膜。在所示的实施例中,铜箔12通过导向滚轮被传送到围绕着导向辊24的桶22中。桶22含有清洗溶液,以便从铜箔12的表面移去铜氧化膜。为了清洗铜箔12,一般可以用包含10-80g/LH2SO4的酸溶液。在一个实施例中,用50g/l H2SO4以移去铜箔12上的铜氧化层。
清洗工序20之后,铜箔12进行漂洗工序,标号为30,其中喷射部件32放在铜箔12的上方和下方,用水喷射铜箔12的表面。桶34方在喷射部件32的下方,收集喷射的水。
清洗工序20和漂洗工序30之后,铜箔12进行稳定化工序,标号为40。铜箔12被引到围绕导向辊44的桶42中,桶42含有电解溶液。根据本发明的一个实施例,电解溶液含有锌离子和铬离子。为电解溶液提供锌离子的可以是任何锌盐,例如ZnSO4、ZnCO3、ZnCr5O4等。为电解液提供铬离子的可以是任何六价的铬盐或化合物,例如ZNCrO4、CrO3等。
电解液中锌离子的浓度通常在大约0.1-2g/l的范围内,较好的是在大约0.3-0.6g/l的范围内,更好的是在大约0.4-0.5g/l的范围内。电解液中铬离子的浓度通常在大约0.3-5g/l的范围内,较好的是在大约0.5-3g/l的范围内,更好的是在大约0.5-1.0g/l的范围内。
在另一个实施例中,还可以通过自淀积或者通过与氧化锌或与氧化铬或与二者一起共淀积氧化镍或镍金属来形成稳定层。为电解液提供镍离子的可以是下列任何单独的或相结合的材料:Ni2SO4、NiCO3等。
电解液中的镍离子的浓度通常在大约0.2g/l至大约1.2g/l的范围内。
在另一个实施例中,可以采用其它的稳定层例如在美国专利No.5,908,544中所公开那些含磷的层,这里引入该专利文献作为参考。
该电解液可以包含其它传统的添加剂,例如浓度在大约1-50g/l范围内的Na2SO4,较好的是浓度在大约10-20g/l,更好的是大约12-18g/l。电解液的PH值通常在大约3-6的范围内,较好的是大约4-5,更好的是大约4.8-5.0。
电解液的温度通常为大约20-100℃,较好的是大约25-45℃,更好的是大约26-44℃。
如图1所示,阳极48放在与铜箔12的每个表面临近的位置,对铜箔12施加电流密度。导向滚轮46是阴极滚轮,其中当通过电源(未示出)给阳极48供电时,在暴露的铜箔12的光亮面14和不光滑面16上淀积了由氧化锌和氧化铬组成的稳定层49。图3是截面图,显示了在光亮面14和不光滑面16上具有稳定层49的铜箔12。
电流密度通常在大约1-100安培/英尺2的范围内,较好的是大约25-50安培/英尺2,更好的是大约30安培/英尺2。当采用多个阳极时,电流密度可以在阳极之间变化。
所用的电镀时间通常在大约1-30秒的范围内,较好的是大约5-20秒,更好的是大约15秒。在一个实施例中,光亮面或光滑面的总处理时间大约是3-10秒,不光滑面的总处理时间大约是1-5秒。
在一个实施例中,电解液中铬离子与锌离子的摩尔比大约在0.2-10的范围内,较好的是大约1-5,更好的是大约1.4。
根据本发明,镀覆到铜箔12上的稳定层49的厚度大约为5-70,较好的是大约20-50。
在至此所描述的实施例中,稳定层49由氧化铬和氧化锌组成。根据本发明的另一方面,稳定层49只由氧化铬组成。用于镀覆氧化铬稳定层的电解液的组成和化学性质以及工艺条件如下:
1-10g/l的CrO3溶液
5g/l的CrO3比较好
PH-2
电解液温度:25℃
10-30安培/英尺2加5-10秒
或浸泡处理:10秒
稳定工序40之后,带有稳定层49的铜箔12进行漂洗工序,图中用50表示。放在铜箔12上面和下面的喷射部件52往铜箔12(带有稳定层)的表面上喷射水,以漂洗和清洁铜箔的表面,冲去任何遗留的电解液。喷嘴52的下面放有桶54,收集漂洗液。
其上带有稳定层49的铜箔12进行示意于图1的烘干工序60。在所示的实施例中,加压空气干燥器放在铜箔12的上面和下面,将空气吹到铜箔12上,以干燥铜箔表面。
根据本发明,镀覆了稳定层之后,在铜箔12的一个或两个稳定表面上真空淀积金属。在图1所示实施例中,在铜箔12的不光滑面16上镀覆金属。上述金属可以是任何能够真空淀积的金属,包含那些选自由铝、镍、铬、铜、铁、铟、锌、钽、锡、钒、钨、锆、钼及其合金。根据本发明,不需要其它的清洁或表面准备,将金属真空淀积到铜箔12上稳定层49上。通过真空淀积技术例如溅射、化学汽相淀积、电子束淀积、热蒸发、离子镀覆(通过基片)或这些工艺的结合将金属直接镀覆到稳定层49上,在所示的实施例中,示意性地说明了溅射工序70。如图1所示,将其上具有稳定层49的铜箔12传送到由72所代表的淀积室,电子束枪74向靶76发射电子束,靶76由金属构成,使得金属物质被轰击并淀积到铜箔12的表面上。在所示的实施例中,淀积工序在铜箔12的不光滑面镀覆金属。所镀覆的金属最好具有大约50-5000的厚度。在所示的实施例中,说明了单个的靶76,应当理解,如果需要也可以采用多个靶,可以将金属镀覆到箔12的不光滑面16和光亮面14两个面上。
在本发明的最佳实施例中,铬被溅射淀积到铜箔12的不光滑面16上,作为粘附层来加强铜箔与基片的附着力。已经发现前述工艺提供了具有好的粘附性能的镀铬的铜箔。
为了说明本发明,下面提供了一些例子。除非另外有说明,在下面的例子以及整个说明书和权利要求书中,所有的份和百分比都是指重量,所有的温度都是摄氏度,所有的压力都是常压。
例1
用稳定层按如下方式预处理原材料电沉积铜箔(1/3oz/ft2)的两个面:
稳定化处理:
0.53g/l的锌,如ZnSO4,0.6g/l的Cr,如CrO3,11g/l的Na2SO4
电解液的PH:5.0
电解液的温度:42℃
电流密度:对于不光滑面为8-15amps/ft2
对于光亮面为2-2.5amps/ft2
镀覆时间:光亮面:6-8s
不光滑面:3-4s
然后将铬镀覆到稳定层上:
溅射铬:
14”溅射设备
功率:5-8kw
线性速度:1.4-2.2ft/min
铬的厚度:不光滑面1200
光亮面1300
例2
用铜镀覆聚酰亚胺膜的两面(18μ铜/50μ聚酰亚胺膜/5μ铜/该产品是由Gould Electronics Inc.制造Gouldflex产品系列之一),处理如下:
稳定化处理:
0.53g/l的锌,如ZnSO4,0.6g/l的Cr,如CrO3,11g/l的Na2SO4
电解液的PH:5.0
电解液的温度:42℃
电流密度:对于两面25amps/ft2
镀覆时间:对于任何一面或两面:3-8s
然后将铬镀覆到稳定层上:
溅射铬:
14”溅射设备
功率:5-8kw
线性速度:1.8-2.8ft/min
铬的厚度:对于18μ铜表面1000
5μ的铜表面没有镀铬
例3
用铜镀覆聚酰亚胺膜的两面(18μ铜/50μ聚酰亚胺膜/5μ铜/该产品是由Gould Electronics Inc.制造Gouldflex产品系列之一),处理如下:
稳定化处理:
5g/l的Cr,如CrO3
电解液的PH:2.0
电解液的温度:25℃
浸泡处理
然后将铬镀覆到稳定层上:
溅射铬:
14”溅射设备
功率:5-8kw
线性速度:1.8-2.8ft/min
铬的厚度:对于18μ铜表面1000
例4
用稳定层预处理INVAR上电镀8μ铜的两面(8μCu/1.5milINVAR/8μCu)如下:
稳定化处理:
0.53g/l的锌,如ZnSO4,0.6g/l的Cr,如CrO3,11g/l的Na2SO4
电解液的PH:5.0
电解液的温度:42℃
电流密度:25amps/ft2
镀覆时间:3-4s
然后将铬镀覆到稳定层上:
溅射铬:
14”溅射设备
功率:5-8kw
线性速度:1.8-2.8ft/min
铬的厚度:对于8μ铜表面1000
上文和例子公开了在传统的铜箔片上镀覆金属粘附镀层。本发明还发现在铜箔上镀覆电阻性材料层,用做印刷电路板的电阻箔是有利的。
图5是反处理铜箔的截面图,术语“反处理铜箔”通常用于该技术领域,指的是在铜箔的光亮面生成铜的微瘤后的铜箔,所提供的微瘤作为附着-加强层,在铜箔的光亮面或不光滑面形成作为附着加强层的瘤状物是众所周知的,本身不构成本发明的任何部分。
在图5-7所示的实施例中,处理具有不光滑面116和光亮面114的铜箔基材,以便在光亮面114上添加微瘤115。反处理铜箔112经过与图l所示相同的工艺,在这方面,铜箔112经过如上所述的清洗工序20和漂洗工序30,以便从铜箔112的表面除去铜氧化物层。清洗工序20和漂洗工序30之后,铜箔112经过稳定工序40,其中在铜箔112的每个面上镀覆了稳定层149。
然后其上具有稳定层149的铜箔112经过干燥工序60如图1所示。镀覆了稳定层149后,在铜箔112的一个稳定表面上,真空淀积电阻性金属179。在图7所示的实施例中,将电阻性金属179镀覆到了铜箔112的稳定的、不光滑的表面116上。形成的电阻性铜箔,已知可以是镍和铬的合金,或用铝和硅作为掺杂物的镍和铬。其他的金属和导电材料也可以用于形成电阻层179,最好其体电阻率大于铜。作为举例而不是限制,铂、钽、铬、硅化铬、氮化钽和氧化钽可以用于形成电阻层179。
根据本发明,通过真空淀积技术例如溅射、化学汽相淀积、电子束淀积、热蒸发、离子镀覆(通过基片)或这些工艺的组合,在稳定层149上直接镀覆电阻材料179。在图1所示的实施例中,示意性地示出了溅射工序70。较好的是,淀积工序70在铜箔112的不光滑面116上镀覆电阻性合金层179,厚度在大约50和1000之间,更好的是在大约100和500之间。
为了说明本发明,提供了下列例子。除了另有说明,在下列例子以及整个说明书和权利要求中,所有的份和百分比都是指重量,所有的温度都是摄式度,所有的压力都是大气压。
例5
用稳定层预处理反处理电镀的12μm铜箔的两面,处理如下:
稳定化处理:
0.53g/l的锌,如ZnSO4,O.6g/l的Cr,如CrO3,11g/l的Na2SO4
电解液的PH:5.0
电解液的温度:42℃电流密度:对于不光滑面为8-15amps/ft2
对于光亮面为2-2.5amps/ft2镀覆时间:光亮面:6-8s
不光滑面:3-4s然后将包括80%镍(Ni)和20%铬(Cr)的合金镀覆到稳定层上:溅射Ni/Cr合金:14”溅射设备功率:5-8kw线性速度:1.4-2.2ft/minNi/Cr合金的厚度:不光滑面大约为100片(sheet)阻:大约160Ω/方
例6用稳定层预处理反处理电镀铜箔12μm的两面,处理如下:稳定化处理:0.53g/l的锌,如ZnSO4,0.6g/l的Cr,如CrO3,11g/l的Na2SO4电解液的PH:5.0电解液的温度:42℃电流密度:对于不光滑面为8-15amps/ft2
对于光亮面为2-2.5amps/ft2镀覆时间:光亮面:6-8s
不光滑面:3-4s然后将包括56%镍(Ni)和38%铬(Cr),并且具有2%铝(Al)和4%硅(Si)的掺杂物的合金镀覆到稳定层上:
溅射Ni/Cr/Al/Si合金:
14”溅射设备
功率:5-8kw
线性速度:1.4-2.2ft/min
Ni/Cr/Al/Si合金的厚度:不光滑面大约为100
片阻:大约290Ω/方
图8是由图7所示的电阻箔形成的电阻元件200的示意图。为了清楚地说明,夸大了电阻元件200的各个部件。将图7所示的电阻箔的不光滑面通过惯常已知的层叠技术接合到衬底202上。利用惯常已知的掩膜和蚀刻技术,沿着衬底202的表面部分形成了轨迹线212。移去轨迹线212的部分铜层112,只留下衬底202上的电阻层179。电阻层179的暴露部分在铜层112的分开的端部之间形成电导体。由于形成电阻层179的金属一般具有比铜层112低的电导率,它主要作为铜层112的分开的端部之间的电阻器。本领域技术人员应当理解,电阻层179的厚度和宽度以及铜层112的端部之间的距离即在轨迹线212中形成的间隙的长度,将影响电阻元件200的电阻。
图9是显示电阻层179和对于上述镍(Ni)和铬(Cr)合金的铜箔部件的电阻率之间关系曲线图。如图所示,当电阻层179的厚度增加时,总的来说片阻下降。
图5-7显示了在其不光滑面上具有电阻层的反处理铜箔。图10-12A显示了可以由其它类型的稳定铜箔形成的其它类型电阻箔。
与图7类似,图10显示了由反处理铜箔形成的电阻箔,具有汽相淀积在铜箔112的光亮面114上的微瘤115上的电阻层179。
图11显示了没有进行微瘤表面处理的传统的、电沉积的铜箔112。铜箔被稳定化(层149)并且具有在其光亮面汽相淀积的电阻层179。
图12和12A显示了在其不光滑面116上进行了微瘤表面处理的传统的、电沉积的铜箔112。该铜箔被如上所述的稳定化,并且在稳定的不光滑面116上汽相淀积电阻层179。
上面描述了本发明的具体实施例。应当理解所描述的实施例只是为了说明,在不离开本发明的精神和范围的情况下,本领域技术人员可以作出各种变化和修改。例如,如果工序10是电沉积工序的延伸,其中新形成的铜直接进入工序线10,可以不需要清洗工序。此外,描述了上面关于铜箔的工艺,可以用该工艺将金属例如铬镀覆到包铜聚合物的部分上。这些修改和变化都应包含在如 或其等同物的本发明的范围内。
Claims (20)
1.一种在铜层上镀覆电阻性材料的方法,包括步骤:
通过在铜层表面镀覆稳定层来稳定铜层的表面,所述稳定层由氧化锌、氧化铬、镍、氧化镍或其组合,并具有大约5-70的厚度;和
在所述铜层的稳定表面上汽相淀积导电的电阻性材料。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述电阻性材料是从由铬(Cr)/镍(Ni)合金、铂、硅化铬、钽、氮化钽和氧化钽构成的阻中选出的。
3.如权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于,所述电阻性材料由基本上由铬(Cr)和镍(Ni)形成的合金构成。
4.如权利要求3所述的方法,其特征在于,所述稳定层由氧化锌和氧化铬的组合构成。
5.如权利要求4所述的方法,其特征在于,电沉积所述铜箔,并且所述铜箔具有不光滑面和光亮面。
6.如权利要求5所述的方法,其特征在于,所述铜箔是具有光亮面和不光滑面的反处理铜箔,所述光亮面具有镀覆到其上的微瘤处理;所述铬(Cr)/镍(Ni)合金镀覆到所述暗淡面。
7.如权利要求3所述的方法,其特征在于,所述稳定层由氧化铬构成。
8.如权利要求7所述的方法,其特征在于,所述合金由重量百分比为大约80%的镍(Ni)和大约20%的铬(Cr)构成的。
9.如权利要求7所述的方法,其特征在于,所述合金由重量百分比为大约56%的镍(Ni)、大约38%的铬(Cr)和掺杂物构成的,所述掺杂物由重量百分比为大约2%的铝(Al)和大约4%的硅(Si)构成的。
10.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述铜箔具有光滑表面和镀覆到所述光滑表面的所述电阻性材料。
11.一种片材,其构成为:
反处理铜箔,具有不光滑面和进行了处理在其上形成了微瘤的光亮面;
在所述铜的一面上的稳定层,所述稳定层由氧化锌、氧化铬或其组合构成,并具有大约5-70的厚度;
在所述稳定层上汽相淀积的电阻性材料。
12.如权利要求11所述的片材,其特征在于,所述稳定层在所述铜的所述不光滑面上。
13.如权利要求11所述的片材,其特征在于,所述稳定层在所述铜的所述光亮面上。
14.如权利要求11所述的片材,其特征在于,所述电阻性材料是从由铬(Cr)/镍(Ni)合金、铂、硅化铬、钽、氮化钽和氧化钽构成的组中选出的。
15.如权利要求14所述的片材,其特征在于,所述电阻性材料是基本上由铬(Cr)和镍(Ni)构成的合金。
16.如权利要求15所述的片材,其特征在于,所述稳定层由氧化锌和氧化铬构成。
17.如权利要求15所述的片材,其特征在于,所述稳定层由氧化铬构成。
18.如权利要求14所述的片材,其特征在于,所述氧化铬具有大约50-1000的厚度。
19.如权利要求14所述的片材,其特征在于,所述合金由重量百分比为大约80%的镍(Ni)和大约20%的铬(Cr)构成的。
20.如权利要求14所述的片材,其特征在于,所述合金由重量百分比为大约56%的镍(Ni)、大约38%的铬(Cr)和掺杂物构成的,所述掺杂物由重量百分比为大约2%的铝(Al)和大约4%的硅(Si)构成的。
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WO2022104994A1 (zh) * | 2020-11-19 | 2022-05-27 | 广州方邦电子股份有限公司 | 一种复合金属箔及线路板 |
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DE60115782T2 (de) | 2006-08-10 |
US6489035B1 (en) | 2002-12-03 |
DE60115782D1 (de) | 2006-01-19 |
CA2352929C (en) | 2004-09-14 |
EP1178128A1 (en) | 2002-02-06 |
KR100416050B1 (ko) | 2004-01-24 |
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JP3452557B2 (ja) | 2003-09-29 |
CN100465341C (zh) | 2009-03-04 |
KR20020011072A (ko) | 2002-02-07 |
JP2002115082A (ja) | 2002-04-19 |
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