CN1360644A - 以乙烯基硅烷与双甲硅烷基氨基硅烷的水性混合物对金属表面的保护性处理 - Google Patents
以乙烯基硅烷与双甲硅烷基氨基硅烷的水性混合物对金属表面的保护性处理 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供一种通过涂覆含有至少一种乙烯基硅烷和至少一种双甲硅烷基氨基硅烷的溶液来抑制金属表面腐蚀的处理金属表面的方法,以及提供一种含有至少一种乙烯基硅烷和至少一种双甲硅烷基氨基硅烷的水性组合物溶液和涂敷有硅烷的金属表面,其中所述乙烯基硅烷和所述双甲硅烷基氨基硅烷是经部分或完全水解的。与优选的双-(三甲氧基甲硅烷基丙基)胺或双-(三乙氧基甲硅烷基丙基)胺一起结合使用的优选的乙烯基硅烷包括乙烯基三乙酰氧基硅烷、乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷和乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷。所述的金属表面包括钢、铝和铝合金、锌和锌合金、镁、铜、锡以及合金,特别是热浸镀锌钢板、锌板、钢板以及铝板。
Description
发明背景
发明所属领域
本发明涉及用于金属的硅烷涂料。更具体地说,本发明提供包含乙烯基硅烷和双甲硅烷基氨基硅烷的、特别适用于防腐蚀的涂料。本发明还提供涂敷这类涂料的溶液以及处理金属表面的方法。
相关技术说明
大多数金属易遭受包括形成各种锈斑的腐蚀。这类腐蚀会大大地影响金属的品质以及由此金属制成的产品的质量。虽然锈斑常常是可被除去的,但除锈步骤会增加成本,还会降低金属的强度。此外,当金属涂敷聚合物涂料(如油漆)、粘合剂或橡胶时,腐蚀斑的存在会使聚合物涂料与金属间的粘附性丧失。
举例来说,镀金属的钢板(如镀锌钢板)用于包括汽车工业、建筑业和制造业在内的许多工业部门。在大多数情况下,镀锌钢板是涂漆或涂聚合物层的,以成为耐用和外观漂亮的产品。然而,镀锌钢板尤其是热浸法镀锌钢板在贮存和装运期间常会产生“白锈”。
白锈(也称为“湿贮存斑”)通常是由镀锌钢板表面上的凝结水与锌镀层起反应引起的。对例如GALVALUME产品来说,湿贮存斑是黑色的(“黑锈”)。白锈(以及黑锈)的外观不佳,还会使镀锌钢板对涂漆或涂其它聚合物的适应性下降。因此,在涂敷前必须对镀锌钢板的表面进行预处理,以除去白锈并防止在聚合物层下面再形成白锈。目前,采用的多种方法不仅要防止在装运和贮存期间白锈的形成,而且也要防止聚合物层(如漆层)下面白锈的形成。
为了防止热浸镀锌钢板在贮存和装运期间出现白锈,钢板表面通常要进行钝化处理,以在钢板表面形成铬酸盐膜。虽然这种铬酸盐涂层能阻止白锈的形成,但铬酸盐是高毒性的,不符合环境保护要求。大家也都知道,为了提高漆层的粘附性和达到防腐蚀目的,可采用磷酸盐转化涂层结合铬酸盐淋洗的方法。据信铬酸盐淋洗能覆盖磷酸盐涂层中的孔隙,从而能提高耐腐蚀性和粘附性能。然而,还得再次强调,特别希望完全取消铬酸盐的使用。但是,不幸的是,磷酸盐转化涂层不经铬酸盐淋洗通常是不会很有效的。
近来,已经提出了多种取消使用铬酸盐的技术。其中包括用无机硅酸盐涂敷镀锌钢板,然后用有机官能性硅烷处理硅酸盐涂层的技术(美国专利5108793)。美国专利5292549介绍了用含有有机硅烷和交联剂的溶液对镀金属的钢板进行淋洗的技术。也已经提出了镀锌钢板上防止形成白锈和在其它类型金属上防止腐蚀的各种技术。然而,这些技术中的许多技术是无效果的,或是耗时多的、能效低的,需要多步操作的。因此,需要一种简单的、成本低的在金属表面上防腐蚀的技术。
发明概述
本发明的一个目的是提供一种处理金属表面的方法,具体地说是防止金属表面腐蚀的方法。
本发明的另一个目的是提供一种对金属表面进行处理提高金属表面粘附性的方法。
本发明还有一个目的是提供一种用于防止金属(例如钢、铝、铝合金、锌、锌合金、镁、镁合金、铜、铜合金、锡、锡合金,特别是锌、锌合金和其它具有含锌镀层的金属)表面腐蚀的处理溶液。
本发明的再有一个目的是提供一种具有高耐腐蚀性的金属表面。
根据本发明的一个方面,通过包括下列步骤的处理金属表面的方法可以达到上述目的;
(a)、提供金属表面;和
(b)、将硅烷溶液涂敷在该金属表面上,所述硅烷溶液含有至少一种乙烯基硅烷和至少一种双甲硅烷基氨基硅烷,其中所述至少一种乙烯基硅烷和至少一种双甲硅烷基氨基硅烷是至少经部分水解的。
乙烯基硅烷可含有三取代的甲硅烷基基团,其中取代基各自选自羟基、烷氧基、芳氧基和酰氧基。优选的乙烯基硅烷包括:式中:
各个R1各自选自氢,C1-C24烷基和C2-C24酰基;X1选自C-Si键,取代的脂族基团,未取代的脂族基团,取代的芳族基团和未取代的芳族基团;以及各个R2各自选自氢、C1-C6烷基,含有至少一个氨基取代基团的C1-C6烷基,C1-C6链烯基,含有至少一个氨基取代基团的C1-C6链烯基,亚芳基和烷基亚芳基。
各个R1各自选自氢、C1-C24烷基和C2-C24酰基;
式中各个R4各自选自氢、取代或未取代的脂族基团以及取代和未
取代的芳族基团;R5选自取代和未取代的脂族基团以及取代和未
取代的芳族基团。
本发明还提供包含至少一种乙烯基硅烷和至少一种双甲硅烷基氨基硅烷的溶液(优选水性溶液),其中至少一种乙烯基硅烷和至少一种双甲硅烷基氨基硅烷都是至少经部分水解的。本发明还提供具有高耐腐蚀性的金属表面。
发明的详细说明
本发明申请者早已发现,金属的腐蚀特别是镀锌钢板的腐蚀可通过将含有一种或多种经水解的乙烯基硅烷处理液涂敷在金属表面上而得以防止(见美国专利5759629,该专利内容已列入本文供参考)。虽然由乙烯基硅烷涂层所达到的防腐蚀效果显著地优于常规铬酸盐处理,而且也避免了铬的处置问题,但美国专利5759629中的乙烯基硅烷溶液限制了贮存稳定性。此外,虽然按该专利中公开的各种方法所得产品在60℃和相对湿度(“RH”)为85%的湿热试验箱中试验时具有优良的防腐蚀效果,但在40℃和100% RH的湿热试验箱中防腐蚀效果就下降。现在,本申请者已经发现,向乙烯基硅烷溶液添加一种或多种双甲硅烷基氨基硅烷不仅可显著地提高溶液的贮存稳定性,而且还可大大提高溶液的防腐蚀性能(具体地说在40℃和100% RH条件下进行试验)。
本发明的溶液和方法可适用于各种金属,其中包括钢、铝、铝合金、锌、锌合金、镁、镁合金、铜、铜合金、锡和锡合金。具体地说,本发明方法特别适用于锌、锌合金以及具有含锌镀层的金属。例如,本发明的处理溶液和方法适用于防止具有含锌镀层的钢板的腐蚀,例如:镀锌钢板(特别是热浸镀锌钢板),GAL VALUME(镀有55% Al/43.4%Zn/1.6% Si合金的钢板,例如由Bethlehem Steel Corp.制造和销售),GALFAN(镀有5% AL/95% Zn合金的钢板,由Weirton SteelCorp.,Weirton,WV制造和销售),镀锌层扩散处理的钢板(经热处理的热浸镀锌钢板)以及镀有类似镀层的钢板。本发明的处理溶液和方法也特别适用于锌和锌合金。例证性的锌和锌合金材料包括:钛-锌(锌中添加很少量的钛)、锌-镍合金(镍含量通常为约5%-约13%)和锌-钴合金(通常含约1%钴)。
本发明溶液可在金属装运给最终用户前涂敷在金属上,从而使金属在装运和贮存期间具有防腐蚀性能(包括防止湿贮存斑如白锈的产生)如果需要涂漆或其它聚合物涂层,最终用户只需将漆或聚合物(例如粘合剂、塑料或橡胶涂料)直接涂敷在本发明提供的硅烷涂层的面上。本发明的硅烷涂层不仅具有优良的防腐蚀性能(甚至在没有漆的情况下),而且还对油漆、橡胶或其它聚合物层具有极好的粘附性。因此,与现今采用的处理技术不同,在涂漆(或涂敷其它类型聚合物涂层如橡胶)前,不必除去本发明的硅烷涂层。
本发明溶液包含一种或多种乙烯基硅烷和一种或多种双甲硅烷基氨基硅烷的混合物,因而不需使用或者添加硅酸盐。处理溶液中的硅烷应是至少经部分水解的,优选是基本上完全水解的。优选的溶液是水性溶液,根据需要,可任选地包含一种或多种相容的溶剂(如乙醇、甲醇、丙醇或异丙醇)。一般来说,以硅烷混合物的涂敷pH值不是关键性的。术语“涂敷pH值”是指当硅烷溶液涂敷在金属表面上时该溶液的pH值,该pH值可与溶液制备时的pH值相同或不相同。虽然对涂敷pH没有特别的限制,但优选的涂敷pH值在约4与约10之间,pH值还可通过添加一种或多种酸,优选为有机酸如乙酸、甲酸、丙酸或异丙酸来加以调整。根据需要,也可采用氢氧化钠(或其它相容碱)来提高处理液的pH值。
可用于本发明的优选乙烯基硅烷各自含有一个三取代的甲硅烷基基团,其中取代基各自选自羟基、烷氧基,芳氧基和酰氧基。因此,这些乙烯基硅烷具有下列通式:式中各个R1各自选自氢,C1-C24烷基(优选C1-C6烷基)和C2-C24酰基(优选C2-C4酰基)。各个R1可以是相同的或不相同的,然而,处理溶液中的乙烯基硅烷是经水解的,因而至少部分(优选全部或基本上全部)非氢R1基团为氢原子所取代。优选的是,各个R1各自选自氢、乙基、甲基、丙基、异丙基、丁基、异丁基、仲丁基、叔丁基和乙酰基。
X1可以是一个键(具体说是C-Si键),取代的或未取代的脂族基团,或取代的或未取代的芳族基团。优选的X1选自:一个键、C1-C6亚烷基、C1-C6亚链烯基、含有至少一个氨基取代基团的C1-C6亚烷基、含有至少一个氨基取代基团的C1-C6亚链烯基、亚芳基及烷基亚芳基。更优选的X1选自:一个键和C1-C6亚烷基。
各个R2各自选自氢、C1-C6烷基、含有至少一个氨基取代基团的C1-C6烷基、含有至少一个氨基取代基团的C1-C6链烯基、亚芳基以及烷基亚芳基。各个R2可以是相同的或不相同的。优选的各个R2选自:氢、乙基、甲基、丙基、异丙基、丁基、异丁基、仲丁基、叔丁基及乙酰基。
用于制备处理溶液的特别优选的乙烯基硅烷包括具有上述结构的一些化合物,其中各个R2是氢,X1是亚烷基(特别是C1-C10亚烷基)以及各个R1如上所述。例证性的乙烯基硅烷包括:乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷、乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷、乙烯基三丙氧基硅烷、乙烯基三异丙氧基硅烷、乙烯基三丁氧基硅烷、乙烯基三异丁氧基硅烷、乙烯基乙酰氧基硅烷、乙烯基三异丁氧基硅烷、乙烯基丁基三甲氧基硅烷、乙烯基甲基三甲氧基硅烷、乙烯基乙基三甲氧基硅烷、乙烯基丙基三甲氧基硅烷、乙烯基丁基三乙氧基硅烷、以及乙烯基丙基三乙氧基硅烷。乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷、乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷和乙烯基三乙酰氧基硅烷是优选的。
可用于本发明的优选双甲硅烷基氨基硅烷具有两个三取代甲硅烷基基团,其中取代基各自选自羟基、烷氧基、芳氧基和酰氧基。因此,这些双甲硅烷基氨基硅烷具有下列通式:式中各个R1同前所述。处理溶液中的氨基硅烷也是经水解的,以致至少部分(优选完全或基本上完全)非氢R1基团为氢原子所取代。
氨基硅烷中各个R3可以是取代或未取代的脂族基团,或取代或未取代的芳族基团,各个R3可以是相同或不相同的。优选的各个R3可选自C1-C10亚烷基、C1-C10亚链烯基、亚芳基和烷基亚芳基。更优选的各个R3是C1-C10亚烷基(特别是亚丙基)。
X2可以是
或
式中各个R4可以是氢,取代或未取代的脂族基团,或取代或未取代的芳族基团,各个R4可以是相同的或不相同的。优选的是,各个R4选自氢、C1-C6烷基和C1-C6链烯基。更优选的各个R4是氢原子。
最后,氨基硅烷中的R5可以是取代或未取代的脂族基团,或取代或未取代的芳族基团。优选的R5选自C1-C10亚烷基、C1-C10亚链烯基、亚芳基和烷基亚芳基。更优选的是R5是C1-C10亚烷基(特别是亚乙基)。
可用于本发明的特别优选的双甲硅烷基氨基硅烷包括:
特别优选的乙烯基硅烷与双甲硅烷基氨基硅烷的结合物是:
乙烯基三乙酰氧基硅烷与双-(三甲氧基甲硅烷基丙基)胺;
乙烯基三乙酰氧基硅烷与双-(三乙氧基甲硅烷基丙基)胺;
乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷与双-(三乙氧基甲硅烷基丙基)胺;
乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷与双-(三乙氧基甲硅烷基丙基)胺;
乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷与双-(三甲氧基甲硅烷基丙基)胺;和
乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷与双-(三甲氧基甲硅烷基丙基)胺。
如上所述,本发明溶液中的乙烯基硅烷和氨基硅烷是至少经部分水解的,优选是基本上完全水解的,以使硅烷与金属表面间和硅烷间易于键合。在水解过程中,OR1基团被羟基基团所取代。硅烷的水解可通过例如使硅烷与水混合来完成,任选地可添加溶剂(例如醇)以提高硅烷的溶解性和溶液的稳定性。或者,先将硅烷溶解在溶剂中,然后加水以完成水解。为了加速硅烷的水解和避免在水解过程中硅烷缩合,应使pH值保持在约7以下,更优选保持在约4与约6之间,还更优选保持在约4.5与约5.0之间。然而,如前所述,在溶液制备过程中的pH值范围不应与涂敷pH值相混淆。如上所述,pH值可通过例如添加相容的有机酸来调整。某些硅烷当与水混合时会呈酸性pH值,对这些硅烷来说就不需通过调整pH值来加速硅烷的水解。
如果采用酰氧基硅烷,例如乙烯基三乙酰氧基硅烷,酰氧基硅烷的水解会产生有机酸。例如,采用乙烯基三乙酰氧基硅烷时,水解会产生乙酸。这就会形成酸性溶液,因而只需极少量或不需添加调整pH值的酸。为了使pH不下降至会促进硅烷缩合反应的程度,可添加双甲硅烷基氨基硅烷。因为双甲硅烷基氨基硅烷是碱性化合物,所以可用来平衡溶液的pH值。或者,也可添加其它的pH值调节剂以使处理溶液的pH值保持在优选的范围内。
应该指出的是,本文所讨论和主张的各种硅烷浓度都是根据用来制备处理溶液(即水解前)的未水解硅烷的数量(以体积计)与处理溶液的各组分(即乙烯基硅烷、氨基硅烷、水、任选溶剂及任选pH调节剂)的总体积之比确定的。对于乙烯基硅烷来说,本文所称浓度(除非另有说明外)是指使用的未水解乙烯基硅烷的总量,因为可能任选地存在有多种乙烯基硅烷。本文中以同样方式规定氨基硅烷的浓度。
对于处理溶液中水解的硅烷浓度来说,硅烷的浓度和比率在很宽范围内都能得到有利的结果。然而,优选的是,溶液含有至少约1(体积)%乙烯基硅烷,更优选至少约3(体积)%乙烯基硅烷。一般来说,乙烯基硅烷浓度越低,则防腐蚀效果越差,从经济效益和避免硅烷缩聚(会限制贮存稳定性)考虑,较高的乙烯基硅烷浓度(高于约10%)也是应该避免的。此外,含高浓度乙烯基硅烷的处理溶液会形成较厚的薄膜,而较厚薄膜对某些用途来说会是强度过低或太脆。
对于处理溶液中双甲硅烷基氨基硅烷的浓度来说,也有较宽的浓度适用范围。然而,优选的是,溶液含约0.1(体积)%至约0.5(体积)%,更优选含约0.75(体积)%至约0.3(体积)%的双甲硅烷基氨基硅烷。对于乙烯基硅烷与双甲硅烷基氨基硅烷的比率来说,可采用的硅烷比率范围是很宽的,因而本发明没有特定的硅烷比率的限制。然而,优选的是,氨基硅烷的浓度约与乙烯基硅烷浓度相同或低于乙烯基硅烷的浓度。更优选的是,乙烯基硅烷与氨基硅烷的比率至少为约1.5,还更优选至少为约4。虽然,较低的乙烯基硅烷与氨基硅烷的比率可提高处理溶液的稳定性,但防腐蚀性能会降低,虽然,较高的乙烯基硅烷与氨基硅烷的比率可提高处理溶液的防腐蚀性能,但由氨基硅烷提供的溶液的稳定性作用却下降了。然而,本申请者已发现,向美国专利5292549中的处理溶液添加少量双甲硅烷基氨基硅烷也会出人意料地提高该处理溶液的防腐蚀性。因此,虽然添加少量的双甲硅烷基氨基硅烷并不会明显地提高溶液的稳定性,但仍会提高防腐蚀性能。因此,硅烷比率可按特定需要来确定。
乙烯基硅烷与氨基硅烷的混合物可以预混合的、未水解形态向用户提供,由于未水解形态限制了硅烷的缩合,因而延长了贮存期。这种预混合物可按本文规定制成处理溶液。这种预混合的、未水解的组合物优选应是无水的,但可包含一种或多种有机溶剂(如醇)。这种预混合的、未水解的组合物应具有优选的乙烯基硅烷与氨基硅烷比率范围,从而能通过添加适当的溶剂体系,而不需调整硅烷比率就能制成即刻可用的处理溶液。该组合物还可包含其它组分,如pH调节剂(酸或碱)、稳定剂、颜料、干燥剂等。
由于用于本发明中的某些硅烷在水中的溶解度可能有限,因此,为提高硅烷的溶解度,可在处理溶液中任选地包含一种或多种溶剂(如醇)。特别优选的溶剂包括:甲醇、乙醇、丙醇和异丙醇。当添加溶剂时,所用的溶剂用量随所用具体硅烷的溶解度而定。因此,本发明的处理溶液中每5份水可含约0-约95份(体积)醇。由于通常希望尽可能地限制或者甚至取消有机溶剂的使用,因此更优选的是,溶液为水性溶液,每5份水含少于5份有机溶剂(即水多于溶剂)。本发明溶液甚至可以基本上不含任何有机溶剂。当采用溶剂时,乙醇是优选的。
配制溶液的方法本身是很简单的。使未水解硅烷、水、溶剂(根据需要)和少量酸(如果需要pH调节剂)相互混合。然后在室温下搅拌溶液以使硅烷水解。水解作用可进行几小时以求完成水解,水解完成的标志是溶液变为清沏。
在一个制备处理溶液的例证性方法中,先使氨基硅烷在水中水解,然后根据需要可添加乙酸以调整pH值至低于约7。添加氨基硅烷后,将处理溶液混合约24小时以保证完成(或基本上完成)水解。此后,边搅动边向处理溶液添加乙烯基硅烷以保证乙烯基硅烷完全(或基本上完全)水解。
要以本发明溶液涂敷的金属表面可在涂敷本发明处理溶液前,以技术熟练人员熟知的技术用溶剂和/或碱清洗金属表面。然后,通过例如将金属浸入溶液中(也称为“漂洗),将处理溶液喷涂在金属表面上,或者甚至将处理溶液刷涂或刮涂在金属表面上的方法而使硅烷溶液(按上述方法制备)涂敷在金属表面(即以硅烷溶液涂敷的钢板)上。也可采用技术熟练人员熟知的其它涂敷技术。当采用优选的浸涂方法时,浸涂时间不是很重要的,因为浸涂时间不会明显地影响涂膜的厚度。优选的是,无论采用何种涂敷方法,都应有足够的接触时间以保证金属表面完全涂覆。对大多数涂敷方法来说,接触时间至少约2秒更优选至少约5秒会有助于使金属表面达到完全涂覆。
以本发明处理溶液涂敷后,金属板材可置于室温下经空气干燥,或者更优选的是置于烘箱中进行热干燥。优选的热干燥条件包括温度为约20℃与约200℃之间,干燥时间为约30秒与约60秒之间(温度越高干燥时间越短)。更优选的是,热干燥是在温度至少约90℃、足以保证硅烷涂层达到干燥的时间条件下实施。虽然热干燥不必达到令人满意的结果,但热干燥会缩短干燥时间,从而可减少在干燥过程中产生白锈的可能性。一经干燥后,经处理的金属就可装运给最终用户或贮存备用。
本发明的涂层在装运和贮存期间具有相当好的耐腐蚀性能。据认为,乙烯基硅烷和氨基硅烷在金属表面上形成了一种致密的、交联的聚合物涂层,氨基硅烷不仅本身发生交联,也与乙烯基硅烷交联。其结果是得到了具有所需耐腐蚀性能的、包含乙烯基硅烷和氨基硅烷的涂层。此外,还有一个相当有利的方面,即此涂层在涂漆或涂敷其它聚合物涂料前不必除去。例如,最终用户如汽车制造商可将油漆直接涂敷在硅烷涂层面上,不必作额外的处理(如涂铬酸盐)。本发明的硅烷涂层不仅对油漆具有出乎意料地高的粘附性,而且还能防止脱层,即使有部分基材金属暴露在大气中也能防止漆膜下的腐蚀。然而,金属的涂敷表面在涂漆或其它聚合物涂料前应先进行清洗。适用的聚合物涂料包括各种油漆,粘合剂(如环氧汽车用粘合剂)及过氧化物硫化的橡胶(如过氧化物硫化的天然橡胶、NBR、SBR、丁腈橡胶或硅橡胶)。适用的油漆包括聚酯、聚氨酯及环氧基漆。塑料型涂料也是适用的,其中包括丙烯酸、聚酯、聚氨酯、聚乙烯、聚酰亚胺、聚苯醚、聚碳酸酯、聚酰胺、环氧、酚醛、丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯以及缩醛塑料。因此,本发明涂层不仅能防止腐蚀,而且还可用作其它聚合物层的底涂层和/或粘合性涂层。
以下实施例说明了采用本发明方法所获得的某些优良的和出人意料的结果。
实施例
通过混合所示硅烷与水、溶剂(所示的)和乙酸(根据需要,用来调整溶液制备时的所示pH值)制备下表所列的各种硅烷溶液。将热浸镀锌钢板(“HDG”)的样板依次用溶剂清洗、碱清洗、水漂洗后,浸入处理溶液中约1分钟,然后在120℃经空气干燥约5分钟。
为了使HDG经受模拟贮存和装运期间的条件,对处理过的HDG板进行“堆叠试验”和“盐雾试验”。在堆叠试验中,将三块涂敷过的样板用水润湿,相互叠合夹在一起,然后放入100°F和100% RH的湿热试验箱中。每天检查各样板的界面(即相互接触的样板表面)上白锈出现的情况,并且每天对界面进行再润湿。盐雾试验是按ASTM-B 117方法进行的。试验得到的结果如下,(包括未处理(仅用碱清洗)样板和涂有标准磷酸盐转化涂层并经铬酸盐淋洗处理的样板):
VS=乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷MS=甲基三甲氧基硅烷BTSE=1,2-双-(三乙氧基甲硅烷基)乙烷A-1170=双-(三甲氧基甲硅烷基丙基)胺
实施例 | 硅烷 | 溶剂(除水外) | 处理溶液的pH值 | 14天堆叠试验后白锈覆盖 | 24小时盐雾试验后白锈覆盖 |
对照1 | 未处理 | - | - | >10% | >10% |
对照2 | 钴酸盐淋洗 | - | - | <10% | <10% |
对照3 | 5% VS | 无 | 4 | >10% | >10% |
对照4 | 5% MS | 无 | 4 | >10% | >10% |
对照5 | 5% BTSE | 30%乙醇 | 6 | >10% | >10% |
对照6 | 3% A-1170 | 无 | 6 | >10% | >10% |
对照7 | 4% BTSE+2%VS | 24%乙醇 | 3 | >10% | >10% |
对照8 | 2% BTSE+3%MS | 12%乙醇 | 6 | >10% | >10% |
1 | 3% VS+2%A-1170(1.5∶1) | 无 | 4.5-5.0 | 35.0 | <10% |
2 | 4% VS+2%A-1170(2∶1) | 无 | 4.5-5.0 | 25.0 | <10% |
3 | 3.7% VS+1.2%A-1170(3∶1) | 无 | 4.5-5.0 | 13.5 | <10% |
4 | 4% VS+1%A-1170(4∶1) | 无 | 4.5-5.0 | 6.3 | <10% |
5 | 4.2% VS+0.8%A-1170(5∶1) | 无 | 4.5-5.0 | 3.3 | <10% |
6 | 4.3% VS+0.7%A-1170(6∶1) | 无 | 4.5-5.0 | 2.5 | <10% |
7 | 4.4% VS+0.6%A-1170(7∶1) | 无 | 4.5-5.0 | 2.1 | <5% |
8 | 4.44% VS+0.56%A-1170(8∶1) | 无 | 4.5-5.0 | 1.7 | <5% |
9 | 4.5% VS+0.5%A-1170(9∶1) | 无 | 4.5-5.0 | 0.8 | <5% |
溶液的稳定性是通过目视观察检查的。溶液出现混浊或胶凝表明硅烷发生缩合,因此硅烷溶液的效能降低了。含5% VS(如上表所示)的硅烷溶液在溶液制后3天内发生胶凝。与此不同的是,含4% VS和1% A-1170的溶液在溶液制备后两星期未发生胶凝或混浊,由此说明添加双甲硅烷基氨基硅烷显著地提高了溶液的稳定性,同时也提高了耐腐蚀性。虽然较高的乙烯基硅烷与双甲硅烷基氨基硅烷的比率还能提高耐腐蚀性,但申请者已发现,溶液稳定性的提高程度降低了。因此,例如稳定性高的溶液可使本发明的硅烷溶液在溶液最初制备后使用几天(或甚至更长时间)。
上述优选实施方案决不包括本发明所有可能的变体,而只是对本发明的说明。在不背离本发明的前提下,根据上述说明可有许多变体和变化,这对技术熟练人员说是显而易见的。例如,除油漆外的各种聚合物涂料也可涂敷在本发明硅烷涂层面上。此外,乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷和双-(三甲氧基甲硅烷基丙基)胺只是例证性可采用的硅烷。因此,本发明的范围是由本文所附权利要求书规定的。
Claims (30)
1.一种处理金属表面的方法,该方法包括下列步骤:
(a)、提供金属表面;及
(b)、将硅烷溶液涂敷在所述金属表面上,所述硅烷溶液含有至少一种乙烯基硅烷和至少一种双甲硅烷基氨基硅烷,其中所述的至少一种乙烯基硅烷和至少一种双甲硅烷基氨基硅烷是至少经部分水解的。
2.根据权利要求1的方法,其中金属表面选自钢、铝、铝合金、锌、锌合金、镁、镁合金,铜、铜合金、锡以及锡合金。
3.根据权利要求1的方法,其中金属表面选自:
具有含锌镀层的金属表面;
锌;以及
锌合金。
4.上述任一项权利要求的方法,其中所述乙烯基硅烷含有三取代的甲硅烷基基团,其中取代基各自选自羟基、烷氧基、芳氧基和酰氧基。
5.上述任一项权利要求的方法,其中乙烯基硅烷包括:式中:
各个R1各自选自氢,C1-C24烷基和C2-C24酰基;
X1选自C-Si键,取代脂族基团,未取代脂族基团,取代芳族基团和未取代芳族基团,以及
各个R2各自选自氢,C1-C6烷基,含有至少一个氨基取代基团的C1-C6烷基,C1-C6链烯基,含有至少一个氨基取代基团的C1-C6链烯基,亚芳基以及烷基亚芳基。
6.权利要求5的方法,其中R1各自选自氢、乙基、甲基、丙基、异丙基、丁基、异丁基、仲丁基、叔丁基及乙酰基。
7.权利要求5或6的方法,其中X1选自C-Si键,C1-C6亚烷基,C1-C6亚链烯基,含有至少一个氨基取代基团的C1-C6亚烷基,含有至少一个氨基取代基团的C1-C6亚链烯基,亚芳基以及烷基亚芳基。
8.权利要求5、6或7的方法,其中各个R2各自选自氢、乙基、甲基、丙基、异丙基、丁基、异丁基、仲丁基、叔丁基以及乙酰基。
9.上述任一项权利要求的方法,其中所述双甲硅烷基氨基硅烷包括含有两个三取代的甲硅烷基基团的氨基硅烷,其中取代基各自选自氢、烷氧基、芳氧基及酰氧基。
11.权利要求10的方法,其中各个R1各自选自氢、乙基、甲基、丙基、异丙基、丁基、异丁基、仲丁基、叔丁基和乙酰基。
12.权利要求10或11的方法,其中各个R3各自选自C1-C10亚烷基、C1-C10亚链烯基、亚芳基和烷基亚芳基。
13.权利要求10、11或12的方法,其中各个R4各自选自氢、C1-C6烷基和C1-C6链烯基。
14.权利要求10-13任一项的方法,其中R5选自C1-C10亚烷基、C1-C10亚链烯基、亚芳基和烷基亚芳基。
15.上述任一项权利要求的方法,其中所述双甲硅烷基氨基硅烷选自双-(三甲氧基甲硅烷基丙基)胺、双-(三乙氧基甲硅烷基丙基)胺和双(三乙氧基甲硅烷基丙基)亚乙基二胺。
16.上述任一项权利要求的方法,其中所述乙烯基硅烷选自乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷、乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷、乙烯基三丙氧基硅烷、乙烯基三异丙氧基硅烷、乙烯基三丁氧基硅烷、乙烯基三异丁氧基硅烷、乙烯基乙酰氧基硅烷、乙烯基三异丁氧基硅烷、乙烯基丁基三甲氧基硅烷、乙烯基甲基三甲氧基硅烷、乙烯基乙基三甲氧基硅烷、乙烯基丙基三甲氧基硅烷、乙烯基丁基三乙氧基硅烷以及乙烯基丙基三乙氧基硅烷。
17.上述任一项权利要求的方法,其中所述硅烷溶液中乙烯基硅烷的总浓度与双甲硅烷基氨基硅烷的总浓度之比率(体积)为至少约1。
18.上述任一项权利要求的方法,该方法还包括在所述硅烷涂敷于金属表面后,使所述金属表面干燥的步骤以及此后以选自油漆、粘合剂和橡胶的聚合物涂敷所述金属表面的步骤。
19.上述任一项权利要求的方法,其中所述金属表面选自热浸镀锌钢板、锌板、铝板或钢板。
20.上述任一项权利要求的方法,其中乙烯基硅烷与双甲硅烷基氨基硅烷的结合物选自:乙烯基乙酰氧基硅烷与双-(三甲氧基甲硅烷基丙基)胺;乙烯基三乙酰氧基硅烷与双-(三乙氧基甲硅烷基丙基)胺;乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷与双-(三乙氧基甲硅烷基丙基)胺;乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷与双-(三乙氧基甲硅烷基丙基)胺;乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷与双-(三甲氧基甲硅烷基丙基)胺;以及乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷与双-(三甲氧基甲硅烷基丙基)胺。
21.含有至少一种乙烯基硅烷和至少一种双甲硅烷基氨基硅烷的组合物。
22.含有至少一种乙烯基硅烷和至少一种双甲硅烷基氨基硅烷的水性溶液组合物,其中所述至少一种乙烯基硅烷与至少一种双甲硅烷基氨基硅烷是至少经部分水解的。
23.根据权利要求21或22的组合物,该组合物包含按 4-8和16中任一项规定的乙烯基硅烷和按权利要求9-15中任一项规定的双甲硅烷基氨基硅烷。
24.根据权利要求21-23的组合物,其中在所述硅烷溶液中乙烯基硅烷的总浓度与双甲硅烷基氨基硅烷的总浓度之比率(体积)至少为约1,优选为至少约4。
25.根据权利要求22的组合物,其中所述溶液中双甲硅烷基氨基硅烷的总浓度为约0.1%与约5%之间,其中所述溶液中乙烯基硅烷的总浓度为至少约1%。
26.根据权利要求22的组合物,其中所述溶液中双甲硅烷基氨基硅烷的总浓度为约0.75%与约3%之间,其中所述溶液中乙烯基硅烷的总浓度为至少约3%。
27.根据权利要求21-26任一项的组合物,其中乙烯基硅烷与双甲硅烷基氨基硅烷的结合物选自:乙烯基乙酰氧基硅烷与双-(三甲氧基甲硅烷基丙基)胺;乙烯基三乙酰氧基硅烷与双-(三乙氧基甲硅烷基丙基)胺;乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷与双-(三乙氧基甲硅烷基丙基)胺;乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷与双-(三乙氧基甲硅烷基丙基)胺;乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷与双-(三甲氧基甲硅烷基丙基)胺;以及乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷与双-(三甲氧基甲硅烷基丙基)胺。
28.一种涂敷硅烷的金属表面,该表面包括:
(a)金属表面,选自钢、铝、铝合金、锌、锌合金、镁、镁合金、铜、铜合金、锡及锡合金;
(b)粘附在所述金属表面上的硅烷涂层,所述涂层包含至少一种乙烯基硅烷和至少一种双甲硅烷基氨基硅烷。
29.权利要求28的金属表面,其中所述金属表面选自热浸镀锌钢板、锌板、钢板及铝板。
30.根据权利要求1-20任一项方法制备的涂敷硅烷的金属表面。
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WO2001005520A2 (en) | 2001-01-25 |
CA2378449C (en) | 2009-09-08 |
EP1198616B1 (en) | 2005-11-16 |
JP2003504200A (ja) | 2003-02-04 |
EP1198616A1 (en) | 2002-04-24 |
DE60024094D1 (de) | 2005-12-22 |
ES2251390T3 (es) | 2006-05-01 |
WO2001005520A3 (en) | 2001-05-10 |
CA2378449A1 (en) | 2001-01-25 |
JP4043784B2 (ja) | 2008-02-06 |
CN100365165C (zh) | 2008-01-30 |
DE60024094T2 (de) | 2006-08-03 |
US20030049486A1 (en) | 2003-03-13 |
US6955728B1 (en) | 2005-10-18 |
AU7407000A (en) | 2001-02-05 |
ATE310108T1 (de) | 2005-12-15 |
US6827981B2 (en) | 2004-12-07 |
US7182807B2 (en) | 2007-02-27 |
US20050058843A1 (en) | 2005-03-17 |
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